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The sour passion fruit is an allogamous species which presents high genetic variability. It is being propagated commercially via seeds. The propagation of species through seeds can be affected by several factors such as the thermal amplitude throughout the day during the germination and the genetic characteristics of the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination and vigor of seedlings of genotypes of sour passion fruit under different thermal amplitudes of the air. The experiment was conducted in a germination chamber. The factorial scheme was 5 × 3, referring to the five thermal amplitudes of the air (25.0; 22.5-27.5; 20.0-30.0; 17.5-32.5 and 15.0-35.0 ° C) and three genotypes of sour passion fruit (BRS SC1, BRS GA1 and FB-200) in a completely randomized design with six replicates of 25 seeds per plot. The variables analyzed were percentage of velocity index, mean time of emergence, total length, shoot and root and dry mass of seedlings. The thermal amplitude close to 20.0-30.0 °C favored the emergence and vigor of sour passion fruit genotypes. The germination process and the biometric growth of the passion fruit seedlings are adversely affected in high thermal air amplitudes

In the Brazilian semi-arid region, water deficit is one of the main factors that compromise the growth and productive yield of crops, including yellow passion fruit, due to the limitation of carbon assimilation by the photosynthetic activity of plants. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the soil with technologies that can reduce the loss of water in the soil and mitigate the effects of water deficit on yellow passion fruit plants cultivated under semi-arid conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of hydrogel doses and mulching to the soil on the physiological aspects of irrigated yellow passion fruit cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to five doses of hydrogel (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g dm−3 of soil) in soil without and with mulching from signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens L.). The variables analyzed were chlorophyll indices, fluorescence (initial, maximum and variable) and gas exchange. The total chlorophyll index was increased with the application of 1.5 g dm−3 of hydrogel and the use of mulching; when applying hydrogel doses of 2.0 g dm−3 the photosynthetic rate of yellow passion fruit plants increased, whereas their transpiration rate increased with the use of mulching and doses of hydrogel; as a consequence, there was a reduction in water use efficiency. RESUMO No semiárido brasileiro o déficit hídrico é um dos principais fatores que compromete o crescimento e o rendimento produtivo das culturas, inclusive do maracujazeiro- amarelo, devido à limitação da assimilação de carbono pela atividade fotossintética dos vegetais. Diante disso, faz-se necessário o manejo do solo com tecnologias que possam reduzir a perda de água no solo e que amenize os efeitos do déficit hídrico às plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo cultivadas em condições de semiaridez. Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação no solo de doses de hidrogel e mulching sob os aspectos fisiológicos do cultivo de maracujazeiro-amarelo irrigado. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 5 × 2, referente às cinco doses de hidrogel (0,0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 e 2,0 g dm−3 de solo) no solo sem e com cobertura vegetal oriunda braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens L.). As variáveis analisadas foram índices de clorofila, fluorescências (inicial, máxima e variável) e trocas gasosas. O índice de clorofila total foi elevado com a aplicação de 1,5 g dm−3 e uso de mulching, ao se aplicar doses de 2,0 g dm−3 de hidrogel a taxa fotossintética das plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo aumentou, já a taxa de transpiração das plantas foi incrementada com o uso de cobertura vegetal e doses de hidrogel, como consequência houve redução na eficiência do uso da água.

ARRANJO ESPACIAL E PODA NA PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE QUÍMICA DE MARACUJÁ IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA RAFAEL RAMOS MORAIS1; JOÃO PAULO SILVA MACÊDO2; LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE3; JACKSON TEIXEIRA LOBO1; ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO LUNA SOUTO1 E EVANDRO FRANKLIN MESQUITA4 1 Programa de pós-graduação em Agronomia, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB 079, SN, Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, agro.rafaelmorais@gmail.com; jacksonteixeira78@gmail.com, gusluso@hotmail.com. 2 Empresa Paraibana de Pesquisa, Extensão Rural e Regularização Fundiária, Rodovia BR 230, S/N, Km 13, Morada Nova, 58.108-502, Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brasil, jp_agro@hotmail.com. 3 Professor do Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB 079, S/N, Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, lofeca@cca.ufpb.br. 4 Professor do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Sitio Cajueiro, S/N, Zona Rural, 58.884-000, Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, Brasil, elmesquita4@uepb.edu.br. 1 RESUMO Um experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Coronel Ezequiel, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, para avaliar os efeitos da densidade de plantio e poda da haste principal em plantas de maracujazeiro amarelo, acesso Guinezinho, sob irrigação com água salina de 3,4 dS m-1. Os tratamentos, com distância de 2,0 m entre linhas, foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 12 plantas por parcela, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2, correspondente as distâncias de 3, 6, 9 e 12 m entre plantas nas linhas com e sem poda da haste principal, ao atingir o sistema de sustentação. Os componentes avaliados foram número de frutos colhidos, produção por planta, produtividade e na polpa dos frutos, os valores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH e a relação sólidos solúveis/ acidez titulável. A interação entre os fatores estudados exerceu efeitos significativos no número de frutos colhidos, produção por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. A produtividade foi influenciada pelos dois fatores de forma isolada. O pH da polpa respondeu apenas ao espaçamento entre plantas nas linhas e a relação SS/AT não foi influenciada por nenhuma das fontes de variação estudadas. O aumento das distâncias de plantio nas linhas promove ganho de produção por planta, mas reduz a produtividade. Plantas podadas na haste principal apresentam maior produtividade. A irrigação com água de qualidade restritiva à agricultura não inibiu a capacidade produtiva do maracujazeiro amarelo acesso Guinezinho e não prejudicou a qualidade química dos frutos. Palavras-chave: acesso Guinezinho, densidade de plantio, Passiflora edulis Sims. MORAIS, R. R.; MACÊDO, J. P. S.; CAVALCANTE, L. F.; LOBO, J. T.; SOUTO, A. G. L.; MESQUITA, E. F. SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT AND PRUNING IN THE PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF YELLOW PASSIONFRUIT IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER 2 ABSTRACT An experiment was carried out in Coronel Ezequiel municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of planting density and pruning of the main stem on yellow passion fruit plants access Guinezinho under irrigation with saline water (3.4 dS m-1). The treatments, with inter-row distance of 2 m, were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications of 12 plants per plot, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to intra-row distances of 3, 6, 9 and 12 m for plants with and without pruned main stem, upon reaching the support system. The evaluated components were number of fruit harvested, production per plant, fruit yield and in the fruit pulp, the analyzed components were soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH and soluble solid content/ titratable acidity ratio. The interaction between the factors studied significantly affected the number of fruit harvested, production per plant, solids content and titratable acidity. The fruit yield was influenced by the two isolated factors, but the pH of the pulp responded only to the intra-row plant spacing, and the solids content/ titratable acidity ratio was not influenced by any of the sources of variation studied. Increasing the distances intra-row raises the production per plant, but reduces fruit yield. Plants pruned on the main stem have higher fruit yield. Irrigation with restrictive water quality to agriculture did not inhibit the productive capacity of yellow passion fruit access Guinezinho and did not impair the chemical quality of the fruits. Keywords: Guinezinho access, planting density, Passiflora edulis Sims.

This research was proposed to evaluate the results under different spacing and densities arrangements on growth, development and productivity of peanut plants, cultivate BR-1, in an agricultural area on the banks of the Piranhas River, located in the municipality of Pombal-PB. Therefore, the study was developed in the experimental field, of the Agri-Food Science and Technology Center, located in São João farm, distant 18 kilometers from the city Pombal. This experiment was carried out from february to may/2017 as a factorial experiment laid out in Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD), with six repetitions. Include two factors, spaces (0.10x 0.50 m and 0.20x 0.50 m) and density (one seed per hole and two seeds per hole) totaling 24 plots. The experimental unit was composed of three lines of 4 m, the central line being considered a useful area. Regardless of the sowing season, plant density or spacing are factors that most influence agronomic characteristics and pod productivity and grains of peanuts grown in the Sertao Paraibano. The number of immature fruits per plant was the only variable that significantly differed from the cultivation arrangements in relation to the others, showing better behaviors in the highest density of plants per hectare and in the largest spacing. Regardless of the sowing season, plant density or spacing are factors that most influence agronomic characteristics and in the productivity of pods and grains of peanuts grown in the Sertao Paraibano.

Com a instituição da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos no Brasil, espera-se que o número de aterros sanitários aumente, ao longo dos anos, e com isso a necessidade do desenvolvimento de técnicas de tratamento e, ou aproveitamento dos percolados. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar o efeito da aplicação de percolado de aterro sanitário diluído sobre a vazão nominal dos gotejadores das unidades de irrigação por gotejamento após 160 horas de funcionamento. O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os tipos de gotejadores (G1 - 1,6 L h-1; G2 - 2,0 L h-1, G3 - 4,0 L h-1 e G4 - 8,0 L h-1) e nas subparcelas os tempos de operação (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 h), com quatro repetições. A vazão do sistema (Q) foi obtida a cada 20 h de operação do sistema, até completar 160 h de funcionamento em todas as unidades de irrigação. Houve diferença estatística dos níveis de obstrução do gotejador G1 (não autocompensante) em relação aos demais, indicando menor suscetibilidade ao entupimento dos gotejadores G2, G3 e G4 (autocompensantes). Os valores de Q aprontaram o gotejador G1 como o mais sensível ao entupimento.

The landfill percolate (LP) has appreciable amounts of nutrients that can be used in the production of biomass for energy purposes and serves as parameters to study the performance of irrigation systems. The objective of this work is to analyze the drip performance indicators applying diluted landfill percolate, well as the main obstruction factors and the percolate quality. The experiment was assembled up in split-plot scheme with kind drippers (G1 - non-pressure compensated; G2 - pressure compensated; G3 - pressure compensated; and G4 - pressure compensated) in the plot and operating times (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 h) in subplots, with four replications. The flow rates tested in the main and secondary plots in this work were: main plots - types of drippers (G1 - 1,6 L h-1; G2 - 2,0 L h-1, G3 - 4,0 L h-1 e G4 - 8,0 L h-1) and in the subplots the operating times (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 h), with four replications. The suspended solid and dissolved solids attributes present a severe risk of dripper obstruction for the diluted landfill percolate.

The use of alternative inputs, derived from the fermentation of fresh organic matter, exerts significant importance in the pasiculture in partial substitution to synthetic commercial fertilizers. An experiment was conducted in the period from 2013 to 2014 to evaluate the effects of bovine biofertilizer and nitrogen, on leaf mineral composition of macronutrients, micronutrients and sodium and productivity of yellow passion fruit. The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks with three replicates and nine plants per plot. We arranged a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to the bovine biofertilizer applied to the soil in the liquid form (B) in the proportions in water (W) of 0 (0B + 4W); 25 (1B + 3W); 50 (2B + 2W); 75 (3B + 1W) and 100% (4B + 0W), in the soil without and with nitrogen. The seedlings were developed from fruit seeds with large size, oblique shape and mass. The bovine biofertilizer was applied at 4 L plant-1 in water, 7 days before and 90 days after transplanting of 50-day-old seedlings. The nitrogen was applied to the relevant plots every 30 days after transplantation of the seedlings until the end of the experiment. The resulrs showed that plants were adequately supplied in N, Mg, S, B, Cu and Zn, but deficient in P, K, Ca, Cu, Fe and Mn at the beginning of flowering. The highest fruit production of 30.75 t ha 1 were obtained from the plants in soil with 100% of bovine biofertilizer and with nitrogen. Due to the higher fruit productivity in plants with biofertilizer bovine + nitrogen, compared to those treated with only bovine biofertilizer, it is verified that the organic input does not substitute the nitrogen for the cultivation of the yellow passion fruit.

The yellow passion fruit is a plant climbing botanically that has a good geographical distribution in Brazil, with more than 150 species in the country. The presence of salts in soil and irrigation water is one of the main obstacles in agriculture in the world, caused by low rainfall and high evapotranspirative rates causing the salts to accumulate in the soil. However, alternatives have been sought to try to mitigate such limitations of seedling production, such as the use of biofertilizers in the soil. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the growth and development of yellow passion fruit seedlings under the effects of irrigation water salinity and the use of bovine biofertilizer on the substrate. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the Center for Agrarian Sciences and Biodiversity, from october/2017 tomarch/2018, in county of Crato-Ceara, Brazil. The substrate used was the first 20 cm material of a yellow Red Argisol. The experimental design was completely randomized design (C.R.D) in a factorial scheme 5x2, referring to the electrical conductivity values ​​of the irrigation water: 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, in the soil without and with common biofertilizer, with three replicates. The biofertilizer, after being diluted in non-saline water (0.5 dS m-1) in the ratio of 1:3, was applied only once to 10% of the substrate volume two days before sowing. The increase in the salinity of irrigation water negatively affected the initial behavior of the passion fruit seedlings in terms of growth and development, especially in the treatments that did not receive the organic feed.

BIOFERTILIZANTE BOVINO E ÁGUA SALINA NA FORMAÇÃO DE MUDAS DE JAQUEIRA FRANCISCO DE OLIVEIRA MESQUITA1; LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE2; REYNALDO TEODORO DE FÁTIMA2; ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO DE LUNA SOUTO2; RAFAEL OLIVEIRA BATISTA4 E FABIANO SIMPLÍCIO BEZERRA3 1Departamento de Recursos Hídricos, Instituto Nacional do Semiárido, Avenida Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Bairro Serrotão, CEP: 58.434-700, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil; e-mail: mesquitaagro@yahoo.com.br 2Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB 079 – km 12, CEP: 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil; e-mail: lofeca1946@yahoo.com.br; reynaldo.t16@gmail.com; gusluso@hotmail.com e fabianoagro14@gmail.com 3Departamento de Ciências Ambientais e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal do Semi-Árido, BR 110 – km 47, Costa e Silva, CEP: 59.652-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil; e-mail: rafaelbatista@ufersa.edu.br 1 RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o biofertilizante bovino como atenuador na formação de mudas de jaqueira irrigadas com água salina em ambiente protegido, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, relativo à condutividade elétrica da água de 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m-1, no substrato sem e com biofertilizante bovino. Aos 95 dias após a emergência foram avaliadas a condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação do solo, o crescimento das mudas em altura da haste principal, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, comprimento da raiz principal, biomassa seca total e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O biofertilizante, exceto no comprimento radicular, promoveu maior crescimento e melhor qualidade em mudas de jaqueira sob irrigação com água salina. A irrigação com água de até 1,75 dS m-1 não compromete a qualidade das mudas de jaqueira. Palavras-chave: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., salinidade, insumo orgânico, crescimento inicial MESQUITA, F. de O.; CAVALCANTE, L. F.; FÁTIMA, R. T. de; SOUTO, A. G. de L.; BATISTA, R. O.; BEZERRA, F. S. BOVINE BIOFERTILIZER AND SALINE WATER ON JACKFRUIT SEEDLING PRODUCTION 2 ABSTRACT The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate bovine biofertilizer as an attenuator in the formation of salted irrigated jackfruit seedlings in a protected environment, at Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications, in a factorial scheme 5 × 2, relative to the electrical conductivity of water of 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1 on the substrate without and with bovine biofertilizer. Electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract, the growth of the main stem height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, main root length, total dry biomass, and Dickson quality index were evaluated at 95 days after emergence. The biofertilizer, except for root length, promoted greater growth and better quality in jackfruit seedlings under irrigation with saline water. Irrigation with water up to 1.75 dS m-1 does not compromise the quality of jackfruit seedlings. Keywords: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., salinity, organic input, initial growing.

Sour Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) breeding programs search for genotypes with photoperiod insensitivity that can develop cultivars better adapted for higher-latitude regions by increasing the harvest period. This work aimed to characterize flowering and fruiting in sour passion fruit hybrids based on low photoperiod and temperature requirements. The hybrids were obtained by crossing plants with normal photoperiod and temperature requirements and inbred lines with a low photoperiod and temperature requirement. The hybrid plants and cultivars were evaluated on a weekly basis by counting the flowers and fruits on each plant. The collected data were then examined via descriptive statistical analysis. Hybrid plants showed flowers throughout the experimental period during the winter season, from May to August, with reduced photoperiods and temperatures. Nonetheless, the sour passion fruit cultivars had indiscernible flowering and fruiting traits during this winter period. This study identified sour passion fruit hybrids that produced flowers and fruits under low photoperiod and temperature conditions.

Aims: This study was to characterize and correlate physical and physico-chemical properties of cambucá fruits (Plinia edulis). Study Design: Experimental design was completely randomized with fifteen samples of five fruits each. Place and Duration of Study: Experimental orchard of the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), located in the municipality of Viçosa, Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais during the month of February 2015. Methodology: Fruits were sampled when 100% of peels presented yellow-orange color. The following characteristics were evaluated: longitudinal and transverse diameter, total mass of both pulp and seed, pulp color, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, ascorbic acid and carotenoids contents. To verify the degree of correlation between two physico-chemical variables, a Pearson analysis was performed. Results: Cambucá fruits showed average values of longitudinal and transverse diameter of 37.76 and 44.36 mm, respectively. Fruits’ average mass were 44.12 g and the percentage of pulp was 82.15%. Both soluble solids and titratable acidity presented the respective average values: 10.53 ºBrix, 1.34 mg of citric acid and 100 mL-1 of pulp. Larger cambucá fruits presented higher pulp yield and lower acidity. The increase in ascorbic acid was positively correlated with the contents of soluble solids and carotenoids. Conclusion: Fruits of cambucá have potential for commercialization, their characteristics are similar to those found in other fruit species native to the Myrtaceae family and already found in the fruit market.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 The pitombeira (Tasilia esculenta Radlk.) is a fruit native to Brazil, which is being exploited in an extractive way. To get agronomic information, such as the formation of mudase to be used in future commercial plantations, therefore, the objective was to evaluate the initial development and accumulation of nutrients in pitombeira seedlings submitted to different organic substrates and biofertilizer application in the soil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with a factorial arrangement of 4 × 2 and five replications. The treatments corresponded to four substrates (W, control; CS, commercial substrate; RFV, composite of fruit and vegetable remnants of a university restaurant; SIP, residues of industrialized products) in the substrate without and with Supermagro biofertilizer. Ninety days after sowing, the plant height, stem diameter, total dry mass, Dickson Quality Index, and leaf content in macronutrients were evaluated. The use of residues of fruits and vegetables (RFV) and residues of industrialized products (SIP) is recommended for the composition of submetry of pitombeira because these contribute to the greater growth of pitombeira seedlings. The addition of organic residues increases the quality of pitombeira seedlings having higher quality as biofertilizer treatments. Commercial substrate (CS) increases nitrogen and potassium terrors for substrates with fruit and vegetable residues (RFV), and the residues of industrialized products (RPI) used for the propagation of pitombeira seedlings can be recommended for the production of seedlings, because they increase the leaf content of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Paulista State University Department of Plant Science Federal University of Viçosa Department of Plant Science Federal University of Paraíba Department of Soil and Rural Engineering Federal University of Paraíba Department of Agriculture Paulista State University Department of Plant Science

PRODUÇÃO DE MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO NO SOLO COM CALCÁRIO E POTÁSSIO SOB IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE1; CLODOALDO JÚNIOR OLIVEIRA SANTOS1; JOSÉ SIMPLÍCIO DE HOLANDA2; ANTONIO JOÃO DE LIMA NETO3; ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO DE LUNA SOUTO4 E TONY ANDRESON GUEDES DANTAS5 1 Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Rodovia BR 079 - Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, PB, Brasil. E-mail: lofeca@cca.ufpb.br; agrosantos@bol.com.br 2 Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Eliza Branco Pereira dos Santos, s/nº, Parque das Nações, 59.158-160, Parnamirim, RN, Brasil. E-mail: simplicioemparn@rn.gov.br 3 Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Campus do Pici, Av. Mister Hull, 2977, Bloco 805, 60.356-001, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. E-mail: limanetoagro@hotmail.com 4 Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais, Rodovia BR 079 - Km 12, 58.397-000, Areia, PB, Brasil. E-mail: gusluso@hotmail.com 5 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Rodovia CE-187, s/n, Aeroporto, 62.320-000, Tianguá, CE, Brasil. E-mail: tony.dantas@ifce.edu.br 1 RESUMO O experimento foi conduzido no município de Coronel Ezequiel, Rio Grande do Norte, para avaliar os efeitos do calcário calcítico e doses de K2O, na forma de cloreto de potássio, nos componentes de produção do maracujazeiro amarelo e no aumento da salinidade do solo provocado pela irrigação com água salina de 3,6 dS m-1 durante o período da aridez e na lixiviação dos sais do ambiente radicular das plantas promovida pelas águas do período chuvoso. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento em blocos casualizados usando arranjo fatorial 3 × 2, referente as doses de calcário de 1,4; 2,5 e 3,6 t ha-1, 80 e 160 kg ha-1 de K2O na forma de cloreto de potássio. Pelos resultados, a irrigação com água salina (3,6 dS m-1), em comparação com dados da literatura de plantas irrigadas com água de boa qualidade, não comprometeu a capacidade produtiva do maracujazeiro amarelo. Dentre os tratamentos, a combinação de 80 kg ha-1 de K2O com 3,6 t ha-1 de calcário calcítico proporcionou os maiores valores de massa média dos frutos, produção por planta e produtividade da cultura. Apesar da alta salinidade da água de irrigação elevar o caráter salino do solo no ambiente radicular das plantas durante o período da estiagem, as águas do período chuvoso e as condições físicas do solo proporcionam a lixiviação dos sais e possibilitam o uso de água com restrições salinas na agricultura. Palavras-chave: Passiflora edulis, calagem, lixiviação de sais CAVALCANTE, L. F.; SANTOS, C. J. O.; HOLANDA, J. S.; LIMA NETO, A. J.; SOUTO, A. G. L.; DANTAS, T. A. G. YELLOW PASSION FRUIT PLANTS PRODUCTION ON SOIL WITH LIME AND POTASSIUM UNDER IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER 2 ABSTRACT The experiment was carried out in Coronel Ezequiel county, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effects of limestone and chloride potassium in production components of yellow passion fruit plants and soil salinity, caused by irrigation with saline water of 3.6 dS m-1 during the dry season, and salt leaching of the soil promoted by waters of the rainy season. Treatments were arranged in randomized blocks using factorial design of 3 × 2, referring to three levels of limestone, 1.4, 2.5 and 3.6 t ha-1 and two potassium levels, 80 and 160 kg ha-1 in potassium chloride form. According to present results, irrigation with saline water (3.6 dS m-1), in comparison with data from the literature about plants irrigated with non-saline water, did no compromise the productive capacity of yellow passion fruit. Among the treatments, the combination of 80 kg ha-1 of K2O with 3.6 t ha-1 of limestone provided the fruits production with more mean mass, yield per plant and crop yield. Although the high salinity of the irrigation water increases the soil saline character on root environment of the plants during the dry season, the rainy season waters and the soil physical conditions provide the salt leaching and allow the use of water with saline restrictions in agriculture. Keywords: Passiflora edulis, liming, salt lixiviation

Irregular rainfall in the semiarid region of Brazil and in the world exerts a limiting action on agricultural production, in general, including fruit species. Under these conditions, irrigation is the input that keeps the production system both economically and socially viable. This study was carried out from 2012 to 2014, in the municipality of Remígio, Paraíba State, Brazil, aiming at evaluating the production of ‘Morada’ soursop cultivated under rainfed and irrigated conditions, in soil with and without mulch, in two harvests. The treatments were distributed in randomized block design with three replicates in a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to non-irrigated plants (0 mm water depth) and plants irrigated weekly (17.2 mm water depth) in soil without mulching, with cover crop residues, and with a sisal bagasse mulch in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop years. In the soil without mulching, irrigation increased yield from 5.3 to 34.7 t ha-1 in the first harvest and from 9.4 to 57.7 t ha-1 in the second harvest. The association between irrigation and mulch with sisal residue promoted the highest yield. The use of mulch of sisal residue increased the number and mean mass of fruits, production per plant and yield of ‘Morada’ soursop compared to the soil without mulch and covered by crop residues. RESUMO A irregularidade das chuvas na região semiárida do Brasil e do mundo exerce ação limitante na produção agrícola, em geral, inclusive das espécies frutíferas. Nessas condições, a irrigação é o insumo que mantém o sistema produtivo com viabilidade econômica e social. O estudo foi desenvolvido no período de 2012 a 2014, no município de Remígio, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de gravioleira ‘Morada’ cultivada em condições de sequeiro e irrigada, no solo sem e com cobertura morta em duas safras. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 3 × 2, relativos às plantas não irrigadas (lâmina de 0 mm) e irrigadas semanalmente (lâmina de 17,2 mm) no solo sem cobertura, com cobertura a partir de restos de culturas e com bagaço de sisal nas safras agrícolas de 2012/2013 e 2013/2014. No solo sem cobertura a irrigação elevou a produtividade de 5,3 para 34,7 t ha-1 na primeira safra e de 9,4 para 57,7 t ha-1 na segunda safra. O uso conjunto da irrigação e a cobertura com resíduo de sisal proporcionou as maiores produtividades. O uso do resíduo de sisal como cobertura morta aumentou o número e a massa média de frutos, a produção por planta e a produtividade da gravioleira ‘Morada’ em relação ao solo sem cobertura e coberto por resíduos culturais.

The cotton plant is a species of the Malvaceae family and is relevant to the Brazilian and world economy, mainly because of the textile fiber. However, there was an increase in cotton production because it is necessary for the use of inputs or stimulants, such as the use of gibberellic acid, which has contributed in improving the physiological processes of plants. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of gibberellic acid doses and foliar application on the physiological aspects of different cotton cultivars. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in 5 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to five doses of gibberellic acid (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 mg L-1) and three cultivars upland cotton (BRS 8H, BRS Rubi and BRS Safira) in the design of randomized blocks, three replications and 25 plants per plot. The photosynthetic pigments, which are represented by the contents of chlorophyll a and b, total, carotenoid and relative water content in the sheet were determined. In BRS 8H the chlorophyll levels were high, 287.914 ?mol m-2 to 468.796 ?mol m-2 being the treatments without and sprayed with 0.06 mg L-1 GA3, with 62.82% increase. The application of 0.06 mg L-1 GA3 generally promotes increased levels of photosynthetic pigments and relative water content in cotton leaves. The cotton BRS 8H was the culture that best meets the application of gibberellic acid. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T23:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Physiologicalaspects....pdf: 615496 bytes, checksum: e1af40ecfe8a7c1b4b6ebd1cea4b3cd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-03

The yellow passion fruit is grown under different edaphoclimatic conditions. Irrigation standardizes and increases the development and productivity of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and productive aspects of yellow passion fruit with application of hydroabsorbent polymer at different irrigation depths. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement. The treatments were soil with and without polymer and five dephts of irrigation (60 to 100% of crop evapotranspiration). Initial, maximum, and variable chlorophyll fluorescence, physiology (photosynthetic rate, internal carbon concentration, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency) and production of yellow passion fruit were the variables analyzed. The hydrogel probably retained water in its structure, reducing the ability to dissipate excess energy. Setting the irrigation depth at an estimated 82% of crop evapotranspiration increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency of yellow passion fruit plants. Maximum yield was 17.2 t ha-1 in irrigated plants at 100% evapotranspiration (ETc) in soil without hydrogel.

Water scarcity and water quality is a subject of constant debate around the world, with the accumulation of salts in water and on soils causing a negative impact on food production, man and herds, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. The use of bovine manure biofertilizers that potentiate the use of brackish water, normally restricted in agriculture due to its salinity, has been suggested for seedling formation and crop production, including jackfruit plants. An experiment was carried out from October/2012 to February/2013, in a protected environment, at Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia county, Paraíba State, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of saline water and bovine biofertilizer chemically enriched with gypsum, cow's milk and molasses. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications of a plant, in a factorial scheme 5 × 2, corresponding at values of electrical conductivity of the water of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1 substrate with and without bovine biofertilizer. Measurements were made of substrate salinity, height of growth, stem diameter, length mean root, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and total dry mass (root, shoots and leaves). The biofertilizer enriched with cow's milk, sugar cane molasses and agricultural gypsum increased the salinity of the soil; however, it attenuated the negative effects of the salts during establishment of jackfruit seedlings, to 95 days after emergence. All the growth variables studied were higher for seedlings developed in substrate with bovine biofertilizer chemically enriched. A escassez e a qualidade da água são assuntos de constante debate em todo o mundo, com o acúmulo de sais na água e nos solos, causando um impacto negativo na produção de alimentos, homem e rebanhos, especialmente nas regiões áridas e semiáridas. O uso de biofertilizante de esterco bovino que possibilita o uso de água salobra, normalmente restrita à agricultura devido à salinidade, tem sido sugerido para formação demudas e produção agrícola, inclusive de jaqueira. Um experimento foi desenvolvido entre outubro de 2012 e fevereiro de 2013, em ambiente protegido, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brasil, para avaliar os efeitos da água salina e biofertilizante bovino enriquecido quimicamente com calcário, leite de vaca e melaço. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições e uma planta, em esquema fatorial 5 × 2. Água com condutividade elétrica de 0,5, 1,0, 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 foram aplicadas no substrato com e sem biofertilizante bovino. Foi avaliada a salinidade do substrato, crescimento em altura, diâmetro caulinar, crescimento da raiz principal, área foliar, razão de área foliar e massa seca total (raiz, parte aérea e folhas). O biofertilizante enriquecido com leite de vaca, melaço de cana-de-açúcar e gesso agrícola aumentou a salinidade do solo, no entanto, atenuou os efeitos negativos da salinidade durante o estabelecimento das mudas de jaqueira, aos 95 dias após a emergência. Todas as variáveis estudadas foram maiores nas mudas que cresceram no substrato com biofertilizante enriquecido quimicamente.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Salt-compromised agricultural areas in the semi-arid regions of the Brazilian Northeast, have increased due to the use of water with high saline concentration as the only water supply available to plants, damaging the quality of the seedlings and the productive yield of the crops. One way to alleviate the detrimental effects of salts is the addition of organic compound to the substrate as a way to attenuate the action of water and soil salinity on biomass formation and chlorophyllactic activity in seedlings and adult plants of forest species, including Licania rigida Benth, the Oiticica. In view of this issue, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water salinity irrigation and of the addition of an organic compound obtained by fermentation of castor bean (Ricinus communis) and cattle manure on biomass accumulation and chlorophyll indices in Oiticica seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, with five replications and two seedlings per plot, relative to the proportions of organic compost - C and soil - S (0C: 1S, 1C: 1S, 2C: 1S, 3C: 1S) and irrigation of the seedlings with non-saline (0.5 dS m-1) and saline (4.5 dS m-1) water. The increase of organic compound in the substrate in proportion to the soil of 3: 1 surpassed by 42.9% the biomass of the aerial part of the Oiticica seedlings irrigated with saline water. The results indicate that the organic compound mitigates, though does not eliminate, the detrimental effects of water salinity irrigation on the biomass formation and chlorophyllactic indexes of the seedlings. Universidade Federal de Viçosa Universidade Federal da Paraíba Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

The electrical conductivity and of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and anions (Cl-, CO32-, HCO3- and SO42) contents of the water an Amazon well, from State University of Paraiba, Catole do Rocha city, Paraiba State, Brazil, located in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian High Sertao were evaluated monthly from January to December of year 2017. Despite the increase in electrical conductivity from 0.89 to 1.16 mS cm-1 and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from 4.43 to 10.45 (mmol L-1)1/2 did not change the water quality to agriculture. With mean risk to saline (C2) and low risk to exercise sodicity at soil (S1), toxicity and nutritional imbalance to plants, the concentration of dissolved salts increased from 0.57 to 0.74 g L-1 between rainy and arid periods. This situation expresses a high increase of almost 30% in the total dissolved salts during the evaluated period and shows the need for systematic monitoring. Simulating the irrigation with a 400 mm blade of this water with 1.16 dS m-1, in 120 days, can add to soil 2,970 kg ha-1 of salts, of which 1,892; 633; 258 and 143 kg ha-1 are of the sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium species, respectively. Key words: Water quality, ionic components of water, salinity of water in well.

Irrigation with saline water is a worldwide necessity an excess of salts in water or in soil causes growth inhibition, and negatively affects the productivity of many crops. Application of nitrogen fertilizers may be a way of mitigating the effects of salts on plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of biomass and the chlorophyll pigment content in jackfruit seedlings irrigated with water of increasing salinity level in soil with nitrogen sources. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with four replicates and three plants per plot, arranged in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, related to electrical conductivity levels of the irrigation water of 0.3, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m−1, in soil without nitrogen, with ammonium sulfate and with urea, in a split application 60 and 75 days after sowing. An increase in the salinity of the water increased the salinity levels of soil, which was intensified by a dose of 150 mg of N, mainly when applied in the form of ammonium sulfate, inhibiting dry matter production and chlorophyll content in jackfruit seedlings. The greatest reductions in chlorophyll a and b content occurred in jackfruit seedlings irrigated with water of 4.0 dS m−1 conductivity in the soil without nitrogen fertilization. Urea is the most suitable nitrogen source for the production of seedlings under conditions of high salinity. A irrigação com água salina é uma necessidade mundial e o excesso de sais da água ou do solo, causa inibição no crescimento e no rendimento da grande maioria das plantas cultivadas. Nesse contexto, os fertilizantes nitrogenados podem constituir alternativa para a mitigação dos efeitos dos sais sobre as plantas. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de biomassa e o índice de pigmentos clorofiláticos em mudas de jaqueira irrigadas com água de salinidades crescentes no solo com fontes de nitrogênio. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e com três plantas por parcela, arranjados em fatorial 5 × 3, relativo aos níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação de 0,3; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m–1, no solo sem nitrogênio, com sulfato de amônio e com ureia aplicados parceladamente aos 60 e 75 dias após a semeadura. O aumento da salinidade da água elevou a salinidade do solo, a qual foi intensificada pela dose de 150 mg de N, principalmente quando aplicada na forma de sulfato de amônio, ao ponto de inibir a formação de massa da matéria seca e os teores de clorofila em mudas de jaqueira. As maiores reduções no índice de clorofila a e b foram nas mudas de jaqueira irrigadas com água de 4,0 dS m–1 no solo sem adubação nitrogenada. A ureia é a fonte nitrogenada mais indicada para produção de mudas em condições de elevada salinidade.

A salinização de áreas agrícolas, em função do teor salino das águas de irrigação, é um dos fatores que mais limita o crescimento e a produção das plantas em regiões semiáridas. Uma das formas para atenuar a ação degenerativa dos sais às plantas pode ser a aplicação de insumos de origem mineral e/ou orgânica no substrato. Entre elas, a urina de vaca revela-se como alternativa ao uso de águas restritivas pela salinidade à agricultura. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da urina de vaca no crescimento biométrico e na produção de biomassa em berinjela irrigada com águas de salinidade crescente. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, no arranjo fatorial 5 × 2, relativo aos valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação de 0,7, 2,7, 4,7, 6,7 e 8,7 dS m-1 no substrato com e sem urina de vaca. As variáveis analisadas foram altura de planta, diâmetro caulinar, número de folhas, área foliar, comprimento radicular e massa seca das folhas, raízes e total. A urina de vaca proporcionou incremento de 22,1% na massa seca das folhas em comparação ao tratamento sem o insumo, mas não elimina os danos causados pelos sais à cultura. A irrigação das plantas com águas de condutividade elétrica variando até 2,2 dS m-1 pode ser utilizada para berinjela, sem comprometer o crescimento e o acúmulo de biomassa pelas plantas.

In the last 10 years, there has been an increasing demand for noni products, which has aroused interest for its cultivation and commercialization in several consumer markets in Brazil. In relation to this, studies on the nutritional requirements mineral and agronomical practices for noni production have been carried out. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilization and soil mulching with residue of Brachiaria grass (Brachiaria decumbens (Stapf)) on the nutritional and production aspects of noni crops. The study was conducted from July 2012 to November 2013 at the Agriculture Sector of the Center for Human, Social, and Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Bananeiras county, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with five potassium chloride levels of 0.0, 13.2, 37.5, 61.5, and 69.6 g per plant, applied in the soil with and without mulching using residues of B. decumbens. The fruit production and plant nutritional status with respect to P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Zn of noni crop were positively affected by soil mulching and KCl fertilization. The highest fruit yield was obtained in plants grown with 69.6 g of KCl per plant combined with soil mulching using B. decumbens grass residue.