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Introduction: An aging population is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. Sleep duration, both excess and deficiency, is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the relationship between sleep duration and cognition in the Indian population. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the first wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted across India in all 34 states and union territories. Sleep duration was calculated using sleep and wake times, whereas cognition was measured as a composite cognitive index. Both univariable and multivariable linear regressions were performed on the composite cognitive score. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex and age groups (45-59 years and ≥60 years). Results: The median (IQR) cognition score was 25 (20-30). A sleep duration of ≤4 hours was associated with a decrease in cognition status of 1.15 points (1.57-0.72), and a sleep duration of ≥9 hours was associated with a decrease of 0.93 points (1.25-0.60). Subgroup analysis revealed that this relationship remained consistent across both genders and both age groups. Conclusion: Both long and short durations of sleep were seen to be associated with a decrease in cognition scores among Indian adults, in both sexes and both age groups. Thus, proper sleep duration can help in the prevention of declining cognition as one ages and the development of dementia.

Abstract Introduction Anaemia is a disease of public health importance with multi-causal pathways. Previous literature suggests the role of indoor air pollution (IAP) on haemoglobin levels, but this has been studied less due to logistic constraints. A high proportion of the population in developing countries, including India, still depends on unclean fuel, which exacerbates IAP. The objective was to study the association between anaemia and IAP among the older Indian adult population (≥ 45 years) as per gender. Methods Our study analysed the nationally representative dataset of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI 2017–18, Wave-1). We have documented the association of anaemia (outcome variable) with IAP (explanatory variable). To reduce the confounding effects of demographic and socioeconomic; health related and behavioural covariates; propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted. Nested multilevel regression modelling was conducted. States and union territories were categorised cross tabulated as low, middle and high as per anaemia and IAP exposure. P value female (51.63%)). The odds of having anaemia was significantly 1.19 times higher (AOR 1.19 (1.09–1.31)) among participants using unclean/ solid fuel. The adjusted odds were significantly higher among participants exposed to pollution-generating sources (AOR 1.30; 1.18–1.43), and household indoor smoking (AOR 1.17 (1.07–1.29). The odds of having anaemia were significantly higher (AOR 1.26; 1.15–1.38) among participants exposed to IAP, which was higher in males (AOR 1.36; 1.15–1.61) than females (AOR 1.21; 1.08–1.35). Empowered Action Group (EAG) states like Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar had both high anaemia and IAP exposure. Conclusion This study established the positive association of anaemia with indoor air pollution among older Indian adults through a nationally representative large dataset. The association was higher among men. Further research is recommended to understand detailed causation and to establish temporality. It is a high time to implement positive intervention nationally to decrease solid/ unclean fuel usage, vulnerable ventilation, indoor smoking, IAP and health hazards associated with these with more focused actions towards EAG states.

IntroductionKnowledge of the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the population is an important risk management strategy for the prevention of this disease. This is especially true for India, which has resource-restrained settings with an increased risk in a younger population for the development of the disease. An important modifiable risk factor for CVD is hypertension, with its influence on the development of CVD.MethodsThe data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) was used to calculate the 10-year CVD Risk Score among older adults ≥45 years using a WHO (2019) non-laboratory- based chart for South Asia. Univariate analysis was done using Pearson’s chi-square test, and multivariable analysis using ordinal logistic regression. Categories of CVD risk score were considered as dependent variable. Socio-demographic variables, regular exercise, history of diabetes and hyperlipidaemia were considered as the independent variables. Relationship between CVD Risk score and hypertensives and self-reported hypertensives were presented using restricted cubic splines.ResultTwo-thirds (68.8%) of the population had a 10-year CVD risk of