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Adam Saleh,1,2 Usman Ansari,2 Shaadi Abughazaleh,2 Kerri Glassner,2 Bincy P Abraham2 1Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; 2Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USACorrespondence: Bincy P Abraham, Department of Medicine – Division of Gastroenterology, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin St. Suite 1201, Houston, TX, 77030, USA, Tel +1-713-441-5042, Fax +1-713-797-0622, Email bpabraham@houstonmethodist.orgAbstract: Several biologic therapies have been approved for enteric diseases. We evaluate each biologic’s role based on their mechanism of action in treating these conditions. This review examines data on efficacy and safety, as well as considerations for using these therapies in clinical practice in inflammatory bowel diseases, enteric infections—specifically Clostridioides difficile colitis—and potentially in the increasingly prevalent disorder of eosinophilic esophagitis. When choosing an appropriate therapy, it is important to assess patient severity, as most biologics are approved for those with moderate to severe disease activity. With many years of data from clinical trials and real-world experience, these therapies have been shown to improve outcomes overall in enteric diseases, contributing to more options for our patients.Keywords: biologics, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, Clostridioides difficile colitis, microscopic colitis, enteric disease

Thorsten Gietzen,1,2,* Ibrahim El-Battrawy,1,2,* Siegfried Lang,1,2 Xiao-Bo Zhou,1,2 Michael Behnes,1 Uzair Ansari,1 Martin Borggrefe,1,2 Ibrahim Akin1,2 1First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; 2German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Recent studies have highlighted that Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), mimicking acute coronary syndrome (ACS), is associated with poor clinical outcome. TTS is associated with different repolarization disorders including ST-segment elevation. ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in ACS is associated with declined prognosis. However, the clinical and prognostic impact of ST-segment elevation on TTS remains lacking. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the short- and long-term prognostic impact of ST-segment elevation on TTS patients as compared with STEMI patients. Patients and methods: Our institutional database constituted a consecutive cohort of 138 TTS patients and 138 ACS patients matched for age and sex. TTS patients (n=41) with ST-segment elevation were compared with ACS patients with ST-segment elevation (n=64). Results: Chest pain was significantly more documented in STEMI patients as compared with TTS patients (48.8% vs 78.1%; P

KJ Weidner,1,* I El-Battrawy,1,2,* M Behnes,1 K Schramm,1 C Fastner,1,2 J Kuschyk,1 U Hoffmann,1,2 U Ansari,1 M Borggrefe,1,2 I Akin1,2 1First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 2DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Previous studies revealed that patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) have a higher mortality rate than the general population. It is still unclear whether sex differences may influence long-term prognosis of TTC patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex differences do influence the short- and long-term outcomes of TTC. Methods and results: A total of 114 patients with TTC were admitted to the University Medical Centre Mannheim from January 2003 to September 2015 and entered into the TTC database of the University Medical Centre Mannheim, and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were diagnosed by the Mayo Clinic criteria. All-cause mortality over mean follow-up of 1,529±1,121 days was revealed. Significantly more male patients died within long-term follow-up compared to female TTC patients (log-rank test; P=0.01). Most males died of noncardiac causes. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the male sex (P=0.02, hazard ratio [HR] 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.2), the ejection fraction ≤35% (P=0.01, HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2–9.2) and glomerular filtration rate

Byline: R. Negi, A. Srivastava, A. Srivastava, Abhishek. Pandeya, P. Vatsa, U. Ansari, A. Pant BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived three-dimensional (3D) model for rare neurodegenerative [...]

Aim: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) patients have a higher mortality rate than the general population. Our study was conducted to determine the short- and long-term outcome of TTS patients associated with a significantly compromised mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) on hospital admission. Methods and results: Our institutional database constituted a collective of 53 patients diagnosed with TTS between 2003 and 2016. The patients were classified into two groups based on the MAPSE, with those presenting with an MAPSE<1cmon admission categorized into one group (n=20, 38%) and those presenting with MAPSE-1cm(n=33, 62%) categorized into another group. Preliminary results indicated that patients with an MAPSE<1 cmhad a greater risk of developing thromboembolic events. The long-termmortality was significantly higher in TTS patients with an MAPSE<1 cm. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, cardiogenic shock (hazard ratio 3.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-10.7; P=0.02) and MAPSE<1cm (hazard ratio 5.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.3-19.2; P=0.01) figured as independent predictors of the mortality. Conclusion: Although the short-term mortality rates among TTS patients diagnosed with a reduced MAPSE on admission were as similar as without reduced MAPSE, the long-termmortality rates among TTS patients diagnosed with a reduced MAPSE on admission were significantly higher. There is an urgent need for randomized trials, which could help define uniform clinical management strategies for high-risk TTS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid–liquid phase equilibria (SLE) and densities of H2O–NaCl– –MnCl2–Mn(H2PO2)2 quaternary system and H2O–NaCl–MnCl2 and H2O– –MnCl2–Mn(H2PO2)2 ternary systems were investigated at 323.15 K by the isothermal solution saturation method. The analyses of the liquid and solid phases were used to determine the composition of the solid phase using the Schreinemakers graphic method. The ternary systems contain one invariant point, two invariant curves and two crystallization regions. In the quaternary system, there is one invariant point, three invariant curves and three crystallization areas corresponding to NaCl, MnCl2⋅4H2O and Mn(H2PO2)⋅2H2O. The crystallization area of Mn(H2PO2)2⋅H2O, being the largest in comparison with those of other salts, occupied 80.75 % of the total crystallization area.

Abstract Background Nigeria continues to have high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. This is partly associated with lack of adequate obstetric care, partly with high risks in pregnancy, including heavy work. We examined actionable risk factors and underlying determinants at community level in Bauchi and Cross River States of Nigeria, including several related to male responsibility in pregnancy. Method In 2009, field teams visited a stratified (urban/rural) last stage random sample of 180 enumeration areas drawn from the most recent censuses in each of Bauchi and Cross River states. A structured questionnaire administered in face-to-face interviews with women aged 15-49 years documented education, income, recent birth history, knowledge and attitudes related to safe birth, and deliveries in the last three years. Closed questions covered female genital mutilation, intimate partner violence (IPV) in the last year, IPV during the last pregnancy, work during the last pregnancy, and support during pregnancy. The outcome was complications in pregnancy and delivery (eclampsia, sepsis, bleeding) among survivors of childbirth in the last three years. We adjusted bivariate and multivariate analysis for clustering. Findings The most consistent and prominent of 28 candidate risk factors and underlying determinants for non-fatal maternal morbidity was intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy (ORa 2.15, 95%CIca 1.43-3.24 in Bauchi and ORa 1.5, 95%CI 1.20-2.03 in Cross River). Other spouse-related factors in the multivariate model included not discussing pregnancy with the spouse and, independently, IPV in the last year. Shortage of food in the last week was a factor in both Bauchi (ORa 1.66, 95%CIca 1.22-2.26) and Cross River (ORa 1.32, 95%CIca 1.15-1.53). Female genital mutilation was a factor among less well to do Bauchi women (ORa 2.1, 95%CIca 1.39-3.17) and all Cross River women (ORa 1.23, 95%CIca 1.1-1.5). Interpretation Enhancing clinical protocols and skills can only benefit women in Nigeria and elsewhere. But the violence women experience throughout their lives – genital mutilation, domestic violence, and steep power gradients – is accentuated through pregnancy and childbirth, when women are most vulnerable. IPV especially in pregnancy, women's fear of husbands or partners and not discussing pregnancy are all within men's capacity to change.

Abstract Background The government of Pakistan introduced devolution in 2001. Responsibility for delivery of most health services passed from provincial to district governments. Two national surveys examined public opinions, use, and experience of health services in 2001 and 2004, to assess the impact of devolution on these services from the point of view of the public. Methods A stratified random cluster sample drawn in 2001 and revisited in 2004 included households in all districts. Field teams administered a questionnaire covering views about available health services, use of government and private health services, and experience and satisfaction with the service. Focus groups in each community discussed reasons behind the findings, and district nazims (elected mayors) and administrators commented about implementation of devolution. Multivariate analysis, with an adjustment for clustering, examined changes over time, and associations with use and satisfaction with services in 2004. Results Few of 57,321 households interviewed in 2002 were satisfied with available government health services (23%), with a similar satisfaction (27%) among 53,960 households in 2004. Less households used government health services in 2004 (24%) than in 2002 (29%); the decrease was significant in the most populous province. In 2004, households were more likely to use government services if they were satisfied with the services, poorer, or less educated. The majority of users of government health services were satisfied; the increase from 63% to 67% between 2002 and 2004 was significant in two provinces. Satisfaction in 2004 was higher among users of private services (87%) or private unqualified practitioners (78%). Users of government services who received all medicines from the facility or who were given an explanation of their condition were more likely to be satisfied. Focus groups explained that people avoid government health services particularly because of bad treatment from staff, and unavailable or poor quality medicines. District nazims and administrators cited problems with implementation of devolution, especially with transfer of funds. Conclusions Under devolution, the public did not experience improved government health services, but devolution was not fully implemented as intended. An ongoing social audit process could provide a basis for local and national accountability of health services.

Background: Interventional left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) mitigates the risk of thromboembolic events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with contraindication for long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC). Patients with prior stroke have a relevantly increased risk of recurrent stroke, so the effectiveness of LAAO could be reduced in this specific very high-risk patient group., Aim: This sub-study of the LAARGE registry investigates the effectiveness and safety of LAAO for secondary prevention in nonvalvular AF patients with a history of stroke., Methods: LAARGE is a prospective, non-randomised registry on the clinical reality of LAAO. The current sub-study employs data from index procedure and 1-year follow-up. Effectiveness and safety were assessed by documentation of all-cause mortality, non-fatal thromboembolism, procedure-related complications, and bleeding events., Results: A total of 638 patients were consecutively included from 38 hospitals in Germany and divided into two groups: 137 patients with a history of stroke (21.5%) and 501 patients without. Successful implantation was consistent between both groups (98.5% vs. 97.4%, p = NS), while peri-procedural MACCE and other complications were rare (0% vs. 0.6% and 4.4% vs. 4.0%, respectively; each p = NS). Kaplan-Meier estimate showed no significant difference in primary effectiveness outcome measure (freedom from all-cause death or non-fatal stroke) between both groups at follow-up (87.8% vs. 87.7%, p = NS). The incidence of transient ischemic attack or systemic embolism at follow-up was low (0% vs. 0.5% and 0.9% vs. 0%, respectively; each p = NS). Severe bleeding events after hospital discharge were rare (0% vs. 0.7%, p = NS)., Conclusions: Patients with prior stroke demonstrated similar effectiveness and safety profile for LAAO as compared to patients without prior stroke. LAAO could serve as a feasible alternative to OAC for secondary stroke prevention in this selected group of nonvalvular AF patients., Gov Identifier: NCT02230748., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are potential treatments for ameliorating age-related physical dysfunctions caused by sarcopenia, cachexia and chronic illnesses such as cancer. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse the effect of SARMs on physical performance and body and evaluate their safety profile., Methods: A systematic review search criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed in three databases for studies reporting physical parameter outcomes after SARM intervention. Study variables included title, author, publication date, study year, number of patients, dosage, mean age, mean follow-up time, pre and post-intervention outcomes and rates of complications., Results: Nine studies, including 970 patients with a mean age of 57.1 years (35.3-75.9) and a mean follow-up of 80 days (14-180), were included. Six SARMs were analysed: LGD-4033, PF-06260414, GSK2881078, GTx-024, MK-0773 and OPK-88004. Mean pre-intervention stair climbing power (five studies), one repetition maximum leg press (four studies) and short physical performance battery (SPPB) score (two studies), lean body mass (seven studies) and fat mass (five studies) were 352.24 W (69.79-678.7), 1822.77 N (1176.8-2407.3), 9.15 (7.95-9.9), 49.46 kg (30.94-63.9) and 21.99 kg (13.3-33), respectively. Mean post-intervention values were 315.16 W (89.46-525.73 W), 2191.27 N (1375.87-2462.9 N), 9.79 (8.88-10.4), 50.86 kg (31.02-67.29) and 21.85 kg (12.54-32.16), respectively., Conclusion: SARMs have a positive effect on physical performance and body composition and are associated with moderate rates of mild to moderate adverse effects (AEs) and a low rate of severe AEs., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)