Search

The objective of this study was to determine the apparent and true digestibility coefficients and relative bioavailability of charru mussel, maçunim (Anomalocardia brasiliana) and oyster shells as organic calcium sources for meat quail. In the digestibility trial, 240 quail were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five diets (calcitic limestone, calcium carbonate and three marine calcium sources), five replicates and eight quails per experimental unit. The relative bioavailability of calcium was determined by the standard-curve and slope ratio methods in a growth trial in which 288 European quail were distributed in completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of basal diet with a low calcium concentration (0.166%) that was supplemented with two levels of calcium (0.342% and 0.684%) derived from different calcium sources. The apparent and true digestibility coefficients of calcium from charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals for meat quail were 91.85 and 92.04%; 91.71 and 91.90%; and 89.39 and 89.63%, respectively. The relative bioavailability of calcium from charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals obtained using standard-curve and slope ratio methods were 133.22 and 119.18%; 140.05 and 113.69%; and 141.73 and 106.22%, respectively, allowing the use of these organic calcium sources in diet formulations for meat quail.

ABSTRACT: A type of dredge was introduced as fishing gear along the extractive bank of Mangue Seco - PE from which the largest annual catch of Anomalocardia flexuosa in the world is extracted. This study was carried out with the objective of estimating the selectivity of the new fishing gear and quantitatively evaluating the length classes most compromised by the catches, especially considering 20 mm as the reference value. Specimens larger than this size are most likely to be mature. For the selectivity estimation, the methodology using codends (16 or 20 mm) and small meshed cover (2 mm) was used. To estimate the selectivity parameters, a logistic regression and the Bayesian approach were used. The transition between the state in which the specimen is invulnerable to the fishing gear and vulnerable occurs between 10 and 18 mm, using a 16 mm mesh, and using a 20 mm mesh, this transition is between 14 and 20 mm. Dredgers with 16 mm and 20 mm mesh compromise a large proportion of specimens smaller than 20 mm. If the intention is to protect this part of the population, measures such as total restriction of the 16 mm mesh and use of the 20 mm mesh should be necessary only in the months of less catching incidences, or increasing the mesh to 25 mm.

A praia de Mangue Seco, no estado de Pernambuco, é um local com grande quantidade de ecossistemas e se destaca principalmente pela captura da espécie Anomalocardia flexuosa. Neste trabalho foi proposto um zoneamento dessa praia de acordo com as características mais expressivas e também considerando as densidades da Anomalocardia flexuosa. No delineamento da região foram considerados primeiramente os efeitos das águas circundantes e a proximidade da linha de praia; assim, três principais estratos de localização foram avaliados (borda, interior costa e interior mar), além de estratos secundários com divisões latitudinais e longitudinais. No total foram obtidas 176 amostras em campanhas realizadas no ano de 2015. As médias das densidades foram maiores no setor interior costa em todas as campanhas. As zonas localizadas próximas a estuários pareceram mais propícias ao estabelecimento da espécie quando comparadas a locais com maior interferência marinha. Foi possível diferenciar, principalmente, quatro estratos de localização de acordo com as características morfodinâmicas e as densidades da Anomalocardia flexuosa. O primeiro estrato e o mais abundante seria o interior costa, o segundo o interior mar e o estrato borda seria dividido em dois substratos, um mais afastado da linha de praia e outro mais próximo às saídas de foz.

Malacoculture waste (Anomalocardia brasiliana) shellfish shells (ABSS) were evaluated as adsorbents of Nylosan Brilliant Blue (NBB) acid dye. The ABSS were thermally activated at 1,000 °C for 10 h and then characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, analysis of specific surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. Point of zero charge (PZC) analysis of ABSS verified pHPZC 13.0. The study of kinetics showed that the pseudo-second-order model fit the experimental data best and the system reached equilibrium within 5 min. Adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir--Freundlich isotherm and ABSS reached an outstanding maximum adsorption capacity of 405 mg⋅g-1 under the following optimum conditions: pH 12.4, 303 K, 450 rpm, 2.0 g of adsorbent, and 150 μm average particle size. These conditions were obtained after a previous statistical analysis of the variables. Enthalpy and Gibbs energy obtained in the thermodynamics experiments were -23.79 kJ⋅mol-1 and -4.07 kJ⋅mol-1, respectively. These parameters confirm that the process is exothermic, spontaneous, and indicative of the physical nature of the adsorption. The adsorption of NBB onto ABSS tended to be more favorable at a lower temperature. Low value of enthalpy suggested that weak binding forces, such as electrostatic interactions, govern the sorption mechanism. ABSS high availability in the environment, its low toxicity and high efficiency make it a promising ecofriendly adsorbent of textile dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioremediation of effluents in the biofloc culture of shrimp juveniles using clams, seaweed and fish. Four treatments were considered: CLT - without bioremediating organisms; AB - using Anomalocardia brasiliana; GB - using Gracilaria birdiae and ON - using Oreochomis niloticus with 2.5 kg wet weight per m3 of shrimp effluent. In the AB treatment, significant differences were observed in the effluent at the end of the experiment (96 h) for values of nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate, alkalinity, TSS and orthophosphate. The ISS and VSS levels recorded for the AB treatment varied respectively from 336 to 127 mg L−1, and from 505 to 130 mg L−1, with a corresponding gradual reduction of approximately 62% and 74% at the end of the experiment. The use of a clam species to treat effluents in a biofloc system with salinity near 25 g L−1 reduced waste solids and increased the nitrification process from 72 to 96 h, indicating that this clam can be used as a bioremediator and contributes to effluent treatment in shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial and temporal density and biomass of the infaunal mollusk Anomalocardia flexuosa (Linnaeus, 1767) evaluated a tidal plain at Goiana estuary (Northeast Brazil). Three hundred and sixty core samples were taken during an annual cycle from three intertidal habitats (A, B and C). Shell ranged from 2.20 to 28.48 mm (15.08 ± 4.08 mm). Recruitment occurred more intensely from January to March. Total (0–1,129 g m−2) differed seasons (rainy and dry), with highest values in the early rainy season (221.0 ± 231.44 g m−2); and lowest values in the late dry season (57.34 ± 97 g m−2). The lowest occurred during the late rainy (319 ± 259 ind m−2) and early dry (496 ± 607 ind m−2) seasons. Extreme environmental situations (e.g., river flow, salinity and water temperature) at the end of each season also affected density ranges (late dry: 0–5,798 ind m−2; late rainy: 0–1,170 ind m−2). A. flexuosa in the Goiana estuary presented a dominance of juvenile individuals (shell length

The Marine Extractive Reserve of Pirajubaé (MER) is located in the urban area of Florianópolis city (capital of Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil), and has the bivalve known as “berbigão” (Anomalocardia brasiliana) as its main fishing resource. Based on 100 daily surveys carried out during 2005, this paper describes the berbigão fishery and presents the history of its management. A hand dredge (“gancho”) was used by 22 men and four women to catch the berbigão. The fishery is conducted predominantly in the morning and under water depths between 20 and 50 cm. On average, each fisherman swept 469.2 m2 with the dredge and caught 270.5 kilograms of live clams per fishing day, summing up 888.6 t landed in the RESEX along 2005. More than 97% of the individuals in the catch exceeded the minimum legal size (20 mm total length). However, both individual size and total biomass of the stock reduced significantly over time. Most of the catch was processed (i.e. cooked and unshelled) and sold to very few buyers. Current management measures include: a) maximum number of authorized fisherman; b) days of the week and times of the day when the fishery is allowed; c) minimum distance between the iron bars in the ganchos’ basket; d) minimum legal size; e) space-time rotation of fishing areas and, f) reporting of daily production data. In spite of the large volume of scientific and traditional knowledge available and the existence of management rules discussed and approved on a participatory system, both the berbigão sustainability and the RESEX as a whole are threatened by administrative, social, economic, environmental and bureaucratic pressures. Neutralize such threats is a key challenge to be faced in this important federal conservation area of Southern Brazil.

Avaliou-se a qualidade da água que margeia as croas Lombo da Vara, Croa do Ferro e Boca do Rio, localizadas no estuário do Rio Paraíba, nas proximidades do bairro Renascer do município de Cabedelo/PB. Em cada croa foram monitorados dois pontos, totalizando seis pontos. A amostragem foi realizada mensalmente durante os meses de junho a novembro de 2013, sendo as coletas realizadas em triplicata. Os parâmetros avaliados compreenderam temperatura, turbidez, pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido e os nutrientes amônia, nitrito e fosfato. Os resultados foram discutidos levando em consideração a Resolução CONAMA N° 357/05, que classifica a área do estuário em estudo como sendo de água salobra de classe 2. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de contaminação por amônia que é proveniente dos efluentes do presídio do Roger, do bairro do Renascer e de um viveiro de camarão localizado na região. No entanto, a amônia é arrastada pela dinâmica da maré, permanecendo em baixa concentração no meio. Esta, em um segundo momento, é oxidada a nitrito, que foi encontrado em valores baixos, estando de acordo com a Resolução CONAMA N° 357/05. O fosfato também esteve dentro dos padrões exigidos. Faz-se necessário um maior tempo de monitoramento da água, assim como a inserção de outros parâmetros como coliformes.

Bivalve mollusks are filter feeders and may accumulate human pathogens in their tissues. Many studies demonstrated human diseases associated with bivalve consumption, especially oysters. Anomalocardia brasiliana clams are distributed along the Brazilian coastal area and are an exotic ingredient for some typical dishes in Brazil. Even though there are several reports describing the contamination of oysters and mussels with human pathogens, there is a lack of studies reporting contamination of A. brasiliana with human pathogens. An evaluation of natural microbiological contamination in A. brasiliana samples over a period of 18 months (November 2014 to April 2016) showed that the bacteria indices were in accordance with Brazilian regulations ( E. coli < 230 MPN and Salmonella sp. absent in 25 g of meat). However, the enteric viruses evaluated were detected throughout the analysis period, with the highest result for the hepatitis A virus (HAV); followed by Rotavirus-A (RVA); Human Adenovirus (HAdV) and Norovirus GI (NoV GI). The bioaccumulation of enteric viruses by A. brasiliana during a period of 24 h was performed using NoV GI and GII, HAV, RVA and HAdV as models. Interestingly the mollusk demonstrated different uptake behaviors in relation to these viruses throughout the time period. NoV GI was the most adsorbed virus after 24 h. HAV concentration was < 1% at 3 h, but it increased to < 10% at 8 h, remaining unchanged until 12 h, and decreasing to < 3% at 24 h; HAdV reached its highest concentration at 12 h, being released by the animals and lowering to < 3% at 24 h. RVA bioaccumulation was unstable over time, reaching its highest values after 24 h (< 5%); NoV GII bioaccumulation remained < 1%. Thermal inactivation of HAdV-2 in A. brasiliana was also evaluated. After the usual gentle cooking procedure using different times (0, 1, 1.5, 3 and 5 mins), viral infectivity was evaluated using ICC-et-RT-qPCR. The temperature inside the DT remained < 80 °C over time and after 5 min of cooking the HAdV reached a decay of 90% (1 log 10 ). The results showed a real warn to the consumers that can be exposed to infectious human viruses if they eat these clams improperly cooked. HAV was the most detected virus in these animals, which may lead to outbreaks. A. brasiliana exhibited distinct behavior in NoV GI bioaccumulation and persistence, pointing to the need for further studies about the cellular ligands used by these viruses to become attached to these clams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial and temporal density and biomass of the infaunal mollusk Anomalocardia flexuosa (Linnaeus, 1767) evaluated a tidal plain at Goiana estuary (Northeast Brazil). Three hundred and sixty core samples were taken during an annual cycle from three intertidal habitats (A, B and C). Shell ranged from 2.20 to 28.48mm(15.08±4.08 mm). Recruitment occurred more intensely from January to March. Total (0-1,129 g m-2) differed seasons (rainy and dry), with highest values in the early rainy season (221.0 ± 231.44 g m-2); and lowest values in the late dry season (57.34 ± 97 g m-2). The lowest occurred during the late rainy (319±259 indm-2) and early dry (496±607 indm-2) seasons. Extreme environmental situations (e.g., river flow, salinity and water temperature) at the end of each season also affected density ranges (late dry: 0-5,798 ind m-2; late rainy: 0-1,170 ind m-2). A. flexuosa in the Goiana estuary presented a dominance of juvenile individuals (shell length < 20 mm), with high biomass main the recruitment period. Average shell length, density and biomass values suggest overfishing of the stock unit. A. flexuosa is an important food and income resource along its whole distribution range. The species was previously also known as Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A presença de moluscos no litoral maranhense é significativa, servindo de fonte de renda e subsistência para muitas comunidades. Um exemplo de molusco relacionado com esse potencial é a espécie Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin 1791), que possui grande importância para a população do município da Raposa, na ilha do Maranhão. A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar a dinâmica dessa espécie em lotes naturais do próprio município, nos períodos locais caracterizados como seco e chuvoso. Coletas mensais foram realizadas no período de agosto a dezembro de 2010 e março a junho de 2011, onde foram efetuados levantamentos de informações importantes como variáveis biométricas, fator de condição e densidade. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que os organismos durante todo o período de coleta, exceto o mês de agosto, apresentaram tamanho satisfatório para o consumo, com média acima de 20 mm. Para outro caso, observou-se uma diminuição do fator de condição nos meses de agosto e dezembro, podendo estar relacionado com algum estresse no meio como: período de desova da espécie em questão ou pressão antrópica na região, tendo em vista que, esse organismo sofre forte extração local de forma não sustentável. A densidade dos organismos mostrou-se alta, em termos de biomassa, apresentando uma média de 3,16 toneladas em uma área de 6.007,5 m², que comparada com uma criação de gado extensiva, dependendo do manejo, torna-se mais produtiva, econômica e ecológica.

Na comunidade de Barra Grande localizada no litoral do Piauí, as mulheres dos pescadores, conhecidas localmente como marisqueiras, extraem do manguezal vários tipos de moluscos para comercialização e em maior escala para a subsistência. Dados sobre a atividade de mariscagem, conceitos de conservação e aspectos socioeconômicos do contexto em que ocorre a atividade de cata dos moluscos, foram revelados após a aplicação de protocolos estruturados e semiestruturados. O molusco bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791), popularmente denominado de marisco, é caracterizado por ser um importante recurso para a subsistência, sendo o mais coletado pela comunidade, seguido da Mytella charruana (d'Orbigny, 1842), o sururu, explorado para a comercialização por ter o maior valor de mercado. O conhecimento das marisqueiras sobre A. brasiliana foi comparado com literatura especializada, muitas vezes mostrando-se em harmonia com esta. Demonstra-se assim que o conhecimento tradicional deve ser valorizado para delineamento de programas de gestão de recursos pesqueiros da região. Quanto aos modos de pensar, foi revelado que 82,81% das marisqueiras praticam manejo para a conservação da A. brasiliana ao coletar apenas os indivíduos de maior tamanho, e 80,86% consideram que não existe poluição nos pontos de coletas. O surgimento de uma Associação exclusiva e cooperativa para as marisqueiras é necessário para a valorização do trabalho por elas desenvolvido, visto que há uma média estimada de 351 kg de carne sendo extraídos mensalmente.En la comunidad de Barra Grande, situada en la costa del estado de Piaui, las esposas de los pescadores, localmente llamadas de "marisqueiras", extraen de los manglares diversos tipos de moluscos para su comercialización, haciendo de esta actividad en una fuente de subsistencia. Informaciones detalladas y sistemáticas sobre la actividad de cosecha de mariscos, del contexto en el que se desarrolla la recolección y sus aspectos socioeconómicos, asi como la percepción ambiental y los conceptos relacionados a la preservación que tienen las "marisqueiras", sólo fueron conocidas luego de la aplicación de protocolos estructurados y semi-estructurados. El molusco Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791), popularmente conocido como "marisco", es una importante fuente de recursos, siendo el más cosechado por la comunidad; le sigue en importancia el Mytella charruana (d'Orbigny, 1842), conocido como "sururu", cuya explotación se destina principalmente a la comercialización debido a su superior valor de mercado. El conocimiento que las "marisqueiras" tienen de la A. brasiliana fue comparado con el disponible en la literatura especializada, quedando evidente su compatibilidad, lo cual fundamenta la importancia de su valorización en el diseño de programas de gestión de los recursos pesqueros en la región. Estudios sobre el impacto ambiental de la actividad revelaron que el 82,81% de las "marisqueiras" tienen en cuenta las consecuencias de su actividad sobre la preservación, cosechando sólo los ejemplares más grandes, mientras que 80,86% de las trabajadoras considera que no hay contaminación en las zonas de cosecha. En el contexto actual se hace necesaria la creación de una Asociación de "marisqueiras", así como una cooperativa, con el propósito de jerarquizar la actividad, la cual es responsable por la producción estimada en promedio de 351 kg de carne por mes.In the community of Barra Grande located at the coast of Piauí, the wives of fishermen, locally known as "marisqueiras" (female shellfish catcher), extract from the mangrove various kinds of shellfish for commercial purposes and a great amount for subsistence. For a better understanding, data on the activity of "marisqueiras", concepts of conservation and socioeconomic aspects of the context in which occurs the activity of shellfish catching were revealed after the application of semi-structured and structured protocols. The bivalve mussel Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791), popularly known as "marisco", is characterized as an important resource for subsistence being most of it collected by the community, followed by Mytella charruana (d'Orbigny, 1842) the "sururu", extract for commercial purposes due to its highest market value. The knowledge of the "marisqueiras" about A. brasiliana was compared with literature which proved to be compatible, thus showing that it should be valued for the design of programs for the management of fishing resources in the region. About the way of thinking, it was revealed that 82.81% of "marisqueiras" practice the conservation of the A. brasiliana by collecting only the larger individuals and 80.86% consider that there is no pollution at the collection points. The creation of a unique association and a cooperative for the "marisqueiras" is required to value the work by themselves developed, since there are an estimated average of 351 kg of meat being extracted monthly.

A dificuldade em suprir a demanda de proteína de origem animal de excelente valor biológico para a população humana é uma das maiores preocupações do nosso século. De acordo com a FAO, a atividade pesqueira (pesca extrativa e aquicultura), será uma das principais atividades responsáveis pela segurança alimentar do planeta, com previsões de produção de proteína de origem animal para a próxima década maior do que o setor de animais de abate (carnes bovinas, suínas e aves). A utilização de recursos pesqueiros subutilizados com potencial para explotação poderá assegurar a manutenção da oferta primária de matéria prima no mercado interno local e/ou regional, e inibir oscilação de preços, como a prática da mariscagem. Neste contexto, o presente artigo de revisão tem por objetivo evidenciar o potencial da Anomalocardia brasiliana para explotação e processamento contribuindo para o fortalecimento desta cadeia produtiva no segmento artesanal e diversificação de produtos no mercado brasileiro. The production of clams and its potential for development of new products based on fish Abstract: The difficulty in supplying the animal protein demand of great biological value for the human population is a major concern of our century. According to the FAO, the fishery (extractive fishing and aquaculture), will be one of the main activities responsible for food safety in the world, with animal protein production forecasts for the next decade longer than the slaughter of animals sector (beef, pork and poultry). The use of fishing resources with underutilized potential for exploitation can ensure the maintenance of primary supply of raw materials on-site domestic and / or regional, and inhibit movement of prices, as the practice of shellfish. In this context, the present review aims to highlight the potential of Anomalocardia brasiliana to exploitation and processing contributing to the strengthening of this production chain in the craft segment and product diversification in the Brazilian market.

Natural preservative substances are an efficient and economic alternative, because the aromatical plants and rich spices in essential oils characterized by a notable are gotten from antimicrobial activity, and for this reason, its derived products can be used to delay or to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of essential oils of clove, limon, oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. Hirtum) and garlic several species of bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated of vongole (Anomalocardia Brasiliana) and bacteria standard ATCC (American Type Culture Collection): Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella cholerasuis, through diffusion test and after it was determinate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). In this study it was observed that the garlic essential oil presented antibacterial activity front the S. aureus and the S. cholerasuis.; already the oils of clove and oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. Hirtum) had presented activity front to all the analyzed bacteria, however the oregano oil presented the bigger bacterial inhibition, 26.7mm e 29,3mm for E. coli e S. aureus respectively. The essential oil of lemon did not demonstrate antibacterial activity. In such a way the oregano and clove essential oils that they had presented antibacterial activity appeared to be the most preferable agent for future research.Antimicrobianos de origem natural são alternativas eficazes e econômicas, pois são obtidos a partir das plantas aromáticas e especiarias ricas em óleos essenciais caracterizados por uma notável atividade antimicrobiana, e por esta razão, seus produtos derivados podem ser usados para retardar ou inibir a multiplicação microbiana. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais de cravo, limão, orégano e alho sobre as cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli isolados do vôngole (Anomalocardia brasiliana) e cepas padrão ATCC (American Type Culture Collection): Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella cholerasuis, através da técnica de difusão de disco e em seguida a determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM). Neste estudo observou-se que o óleo essencial de alho apresentou atividade antibacteriana frente o S. aureus e a S. cholerasuis; já os óleos de cravo e orégano apresentaram atividade frente a todas as bactérias analisadas, no entanto o óleo de orégano apresentou maiores halos de inibição bacteriana, 26,7mm e 29,3mm para as cepas de E. coli e S. aureus, respectivamente. O óleo essencial de limão não demonstrou atividade antibacteriana. Desta forma os óleos essenciais de cravo e orégano demonstraram as melhores atividades antibacterianas e assim apresentam-se como óleos favoráveis para a aplicação em alimentos.

This study aimed to verify if Dinophysis acuminata natural blooms affected the immune system of three bivalves: the oyster, Crassostrea gigas, the mussel, Perna perna, and the clam, Anomalocardia brasiliana. Animals were obtained from a renowned mariculture farm in the southern bay of Santa Catarina Island during, and 30 days after (controls), an algal bloom. Various immunological parameters were assessed in the hemolymph of the animals: total and differential hemocyte counts, percentage of apoptotic hemocytes, protein concentration, hemagglutinating titer and phenoloxidase activity. The results showed that the mussel was the most affected species, with several altered immune parameters, whereas the immunological profile of clams and oysters was partially and completely unaffected, respectively.

O berbigão Anomalocardia brasiliana é um molusco marinho muito consumido na região litorânea de Santa Catarina. No entanto, são escassos os dados na literatura sobre a composição em ácidos graxos e esteróis. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a composição lipídica do berbigão Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) coletados na Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Pirajubaé (REMAPI) de Florianópolis/SC, em outono e primavera. O teor de lipídios totais encontrados no berbigão foi de 1.21g% e 0.72g% no outono e primavera, respectivamente. Foram identificados e quantificados 20 ácidos graxos, sendo 6 saturados (14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 20:0), 4 monoinsaturados (16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 20:1) e 10 polinsaturados (18:2, 18:3, 18:4, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:4, 22:5, 22:6). Observaram-se ácidos graxos polinsaturados em maiores quantidades que os saturados e monoinsaturados em ambas as coletas: 40.7% de polinsaturados, 30.8% de saturados, 17.2% de monoinsaturados no outono e 39.7% de polinsaturados, 27.7% de saturados, 13.7% de monoinsaturados na primavera. O colesterol correspondeu a um valor de 94.38 mg/100g no outono e 76.75mg/100g na primavera. Entre os esteróis, também foi identificado o campesterol, estigmasterol e β-sitosterol, porém em quantidades inferiores ao colesterol. Estes resultados mostram que o berbigão é fonte não significativa de lipídios totais, apresentando baixos teores de ácidos graxos saturados e colesterol. A recomendação diária do berbigão oferece uma segurança alimentar em relação à ingestão de gorduras totais e colesterol e, portanto este alimento pode fazer parte de uma dieta saudável.The berbigão Anomalocardia brasiliana is a marine shellfish which is commoning consumed in the coastal region of Santa Catarina. However, there are limited available data on the composition of their fatty acids and sterols. The objetive of this study was to determine the lipid composition of the berbigão from Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Pirajubaé (REMAPI), Florianópolis/SC, Brasil, during the autumn and spring. The total lipid content was 1.21g% and 0.72g% in the autumn and spring, respectively. Several fatty acids were identified and quantified, including 20 fatty acids, 6 saturated (14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 20:0), 4 monounsaturated (16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 20:1) e 10 polyunsaturated (18:2, 18:3, 18:4, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:4, 22:5, 22:6). There was a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in total than saturated and monounsaturated, regardless of season: 40.7% of polyunsaturated, 30.8% of saturated, 17.2% of monounsaturated in the autumn and 39.7% of polyunsaturated, 27.7% of saturated, 13.7% of monounsaturated in the spring. The cholesterol corresponded to a value of 94.38 mg% in the autumn and 76.75 mg% in the spring. Among the sterols were found campesterol, estigmasterol and β-sitosterol, but in lower quantities than cholesterol. These results showed that the berbigão was not a significant source of lipids, revealing low levels of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Berbigão is recommended for daily consumption as part of a healthy diet due to it is safe levels of fats and cholesterol.

Four Brazilian populations of Anomalocardia brasiliana were tested for mutual genetic homogeneity, using data from 123 sequences of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene. A total of 36 haplotypes were identified, those shared being H3 (Canela Island, Prainha and Acupe) and both H5 and H9 (Prainha and Acupe). Haplotype diversity values were high, except for the Camurupim population, whereas nucleotide values were low in all the populations, except for that of Acupe. Only the Prainha population showed a deviation from neutrality and the SSD test did not reject the demographic expansion hypothesis. Fst values showed that the Prainha and Acupe populations represent a single stock, whereas in both the Canela Island and Camurupim stocks, population structures are different and independent. The observed structure at Canela Island may be due to the geographic distance between this population and the remainder. The Camurupim population does not share any haplotype with the remaining populations in northeastern Brazil. The apparent isolation could be due to the rocky barrier located facing the mouth of the Mamanguape River. The results highlight the importance of wide-scale studies to identify and conserve local genetic diversity, especially where migration is restricted.

Artisanal fishing has economic and social importance for the Brazilian coast communities. The aim of this study is to diagnose the problem of improper disposal of waste mollusk fishing (shells) in the community of Patané District Arez/RN. The study was conducted by documentary and field research, visits to community and interviews with fishermen and representatives of the municipal government. There are 1,575 residents in district that are primarily engaged in small-scale fishing and identified about 60 fishermen who exclusively perform fishing and has this activity like the only source of income. The main environmental impact is the disposal of shells landing in the site or in backyards and vacant lots. It was found that the main factors contributing to the current situation of fishery waste accumulation in public and private places are: lack of management activity by lack of training of fishermen, precariousness in the physical structures of processing, absence of studies on alternative and promoting the re-use of the shells in other production processes, and poor structure of the local environmental agency for troubleshooting. In addition, there caused health problems in the community associated with the disposal in backyards and in public places, as well as environmental degradation, especially in the areas near Guaraíras lagoon. Thus it is necessary to study alternatives to solve an economically viable and environmentally sustainable the problem, given the economic and social importance of artisanal fisheries of this shellfish to the community [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of different microalgal diets on the growth and on the survival of Anomalocardia brasiliana larvae between trochophore and pediveliger stages were evaluated. Diets were evaluated in two separate experiments. The first tested the microalgae Isochrisys galbana (Ig), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Phaeo), Chaetoceros calcitrans (Cca) and the combinations (Ig+Cca), (Ig+Phaeo) and (Cca+Phaeo). The second tested the microalgae C. calcitrans (Cca), Pavlova lutheri (Pl) and the combination (Cca+Pl). When provided alone, I. galbana resulted in survival and growth rates lower than the rest of the diets, and the best results achieved were obtained with P. tricornutum and C. calcitrans supplied alone or combined with other microalgae. However, in the second experiment the diet Cca+Pl resulted in better growth and survival rates (261.67 ± 9.64 μm and 31.50 ± 0.87%) than all diets tested in both experiments, therefore it is recommended for A. brasiliana larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficulty in supplying the animal protein demand of great biological value for the human population is a major concern of our century. According to the FAO, the fishery (extractive fishing and aquaculture), will be one of the main activities responsible for food safety in the world, with animal protein production forecasts for the next decade longer than the slaughter of animals sector (beef, pork and poultry). The use of fishing resources with underutilized potential for exploitat ion can ensure the maintenance of primary supply of raw materials on-site domestic and / or regional, and inhibit movement of prices, as the practice of shellfish. In this context, the present review aims to highlight the potential of Anomalocardia brasiliana to exploitation and processing contributing to the strengthening of this production chain in the craft segment and product diversification in the Brazilian market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mollusc species composition, abundance and spatial distribution were analysed from April 1996 to October 1997 on two tidal flats in Paranaguá Bay (SE Brazil) at the entrance (St. I) (Lat. 25o3´S) and in the intermediate sector (St. II) (Lat. 25o3´S) of the estuary. At St. I, with the highest and least variable salinity, species richness (R = 40) and diversity (H´= 1; DS = 0.85) were higher than at St. II (R = 22 and H´ = 0.54; DS = 0.57). The tropical clam Anomalocardia brasiliana was the most conspicuous mollusc of the two assemblages, followed by Cerithium atratum, Neritina virginea and Crassostrea sp. at St. I and by Macoma constricta and N. virginea at St. II. On the two flats, the decrease in species richness and abundance towards the upper tidal levels suggests a strong relationship between relative tolerance to physiological stress in the organisms and the degree of immersion/submersion.

The Habitat Harshness Hypothesis (HHH) predicts that populations inhabiting the intertidal area of a dissipative beach should produce more gametes and have a longer reproductive cycle than those inhabiting an intermediate or reflective beach. This hypothesis was proposed for the exposed morphodynamic continuum between the reflective and dissipative states; however, no attempt has been made thus far to verify whether the HHH is valid for tidal flats. In this study, we analysed the reproductive cycle of Anomalocardia brasiliana in an intermediate beach and in a tidal flat and compared the results to determine whether the reproductive cycles of A. brasiliana were in agreement with the predictions of the HHH and to examine the possibility of extending this hypothesis to tidal flats. A continuous spawning season and synchrony between sexes were observed at both sites, although the reproductive effort was higher in the intermediate beach. The results of this first attempt did not support the extension of the HHH to tidal flats. It is possible that hypotheses that take into account only physical variables may not be the most adequate for describing environments with such a high species richness and high abundance as tidal flats. Nevertheless, other studies are necessary to confidently expand or refute the HHH with regard to tidal flats, and this topic should be considered as a priority in future investigations in sandy beach ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biota Neotropica is the property of Biota Neotropica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The population biology and secondary production of the bivalves Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) and Diplodonta punctata (Say, 1822) were studied on a sheltered beach on the southeast coast of Brazil (Flexeiras Beach) between December 2006 and February 2009. Six transects were established perpendicular to the shoreline. Along each transect, sampling units (SUs) were extracted every 3 m, with a 0.04 m metal sampler and to a depth of 25 cm, from the base of the boulder wall until 9 m below the waterline during low tide. The abundances of A. brasiliana and D. punctata were inversely correlated over time. The populations differed in several aspects: (1) A. brasiliana occupied mainly the upper levels, whereas D. punctata occupied the lower level of the beach; (2) total abundance, growth rate, and production were higher for A. brasiliana; and (3) mortality and turnover rate were higher for D. punctata. The differences in growth, mortality, and production parameters may be associated with a difference in the species' abilities to exploit resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The State of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil is the most important Brazilian producer region. The Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas and the brown mussels Perna perna are the main species currently produced. The occurrence and impact of parasites on bivalves from natural or culture populations from Brazil are still poorly studied. This work describes several diseases, parasites and commensals from four edible bivalve species, from cultured and exploited stocks, from five sites at Santa Catarina State. Unspecific histopathological symptoms of stress, parasites and commensals were found, including viral gametocytic hypertrophy and rickettsia-like organisms with very low prevalences; the protozoan Nematopsis sp. with high prevalence and, ovarian parasites with low prevalences; and, diverse metazoans, such as turbellarian, sporocysts and metacercariae of trematodes, metacestoda larvae and spionid polychaete. Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium assays for detection of Perkinsus spp. did not detect any infected bivalves. Polymerase chain reaction assays for Marteiliodies chungmuensis in oysters with ovarian lesions produced negative results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: This paper reports the parasites found in three commercially exploited bivalve molluscs (Mytella guyanensis, Anomalocardia brasiliana and Iphigenia brasiliana) of an estuarine region of Ilhéus, south of Bahia, Brazil (14°48′23′′S; 39°02′47′′W). Samples of 20 individuals of each species were collected fortnightly from August 2005 to August 2006. A total of 1480 individuals was collected and processed by standard histologic techniques; the histologic sections were stained with Harris haematoxylin and eosin and examined with light microscope. The water temperature in the study area varied from 24 to 30.5°C and the salinity from 0 to 23ppt. Remarkable differences were found in the parasitic community between the three mollusc species involved in the study, which occupied different habitats in the estuarine region of the Cachoeira river. The following parasites were found: intracellular rickettsia-like colonies in digestive epithelia; intracellular gregarine Nematopsis sp. in gills, mantle, gonad, digestive gland and foot muscle; sporocysts of a Bucephalidae trematode in gonads, mantle, gills, digestive gland and foot; unidentified digenetic metacercariae in digestive gland and gonad; metacestodes of Tylocephalum sp. in connective tissue in the digestive gland and in gonad; and an unidentified metazoan in mantle and intestinal lumen. No significant temporal variation in the prevalence of any parasite was detected, which could be due to the narrow temperature range of the region and the absence of patterns of salinity and rainfall variation through the year. The infestation by sporocyst was the only pathological threat detected for the studied populations because of its potential for host castration. The low infection intensity and/or prevalence of the other parasites and the lack of obvious lesions suggest that there is no other serious pathological risk for the studied mollusc populations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: A slurry sampling flame atomic absorption spectrometric method is proposed for the determination of copper, manganese and iron in oysters (Crassostrea rhizophora), clams (Anomalocardia brasiliana) and mussels (Mytella guiyanensis; Perna perna). Optimization was carried out using univariate methodology involving the following variables: nature and concentration of the acid solution for slurry preparation, sonication time and sample mass. The optimized conditions were 80mg of sample ground in a cryogenic mil, dilution using 1.0molL−1 nitric /hydrochloric acid solution, sonication time of 30min and a slurry volume of 10mL. The calibration curves had been prepared using standards of copper, manganese and iron also in 1.0molL−1 nitric/hydrochloric acid solution. This method allowed the determination of copper, manganese and iron by FAAS, with detection limits of 0.17, 0.09 and 0.46μgg−1, respectively. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), are 3.0%, 2.9% and 3.8% (n=10), for concentrations of copper, manganese and iron of 17, 22 and 719μgg−1, respectively. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analysis of the certified oyster tissue (NIST 1566b). The proposed method was applied for the determination of copper, manganese and iron in samples of oyster, clams and mussels, collected in Ubatuba and Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil. The obtained concentrations varied between 17.1 and 143.9μgg−1, 17.9 and 29.7μgg−1 and 364 and 1388μgg−1, respectively, for copper, manganese and iron. These values agree well with other data reported in the literature. The results showed no significant differences (P>0.005) using the proposed method with those obtained after complete digestion and determination by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]