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This study deals with the Intertextuality of the Covid-19 memes on instagram. This study focuses on analysis of types of intertextuality, the discursive practice and the social practice realized in the covid-19 memes. This study conducted by using qualitative method by collecting some memes related to the covid-19 as the data. From this study, we can get the result that the memes which categorize as the quotation are three. The percentage is 60%. The two memes are categorized as convention and configuration and paralogues each one. So, the percentages of convention and configuration are 20% and paralogue, 20%. The total is 100% from the five memes analyzed. The discursive practice and the social practice realized in the memes.

This study investigates modality used in the Trumps’ speech on coronavirus pandemic addressed in the types of modality, value of modality and the explanation on the modality context. This study was analyzed qualitatively. The data of this study is the clause that consists of modality on President Trump’s speech, and sources of data is taken from www.nytimes.com. The data collected by applying a documentary technique. The finding reveals that the speakers use modalization of probability in their speech. The use of modality realized by modal auxiliary that commonly used by the speaker in the speech is sub modalization–probability. The reason that the speakers use modality is typically the modalization used to convey/persuade the listener of the speaker talk about the future political event that have not happened yet and unpredictable things.

Meaning is the essence of language. It has been one of the main concerns in the study of language since the age of Plato and Aristotle. There have been various theories of meaning but only a few explains ‘what one knows when s/he is said to know the meaning of linguistic expressions’. Truth-conditional theory of meaning is one of them – not to say the only theory of meaning – which explains ‘what one knows when s/he is said to know the meaning of linguistic expressions’. However, it has been little paid attention to by theorists working on linguistic meaning since the decline of the ideal language philosophy. It happens so because it is basically misunderstood, i.e. the misunderstanding between linguistic proposition and epistemic proposition in the correspondence theory of truth. This paper revives the significance of the truth-conditional theory of meaning in understanding what constitutes the meaning of linguistic expressions when one is said to know it.

This study dealt with the cognitive process of students in translating English Phrasal Verbs into Indonesian by using the think-aloud protocol (TAP) technique and introspective interview. The objectives of the study was1) to elaboratethe manner of cognitive processes occurring in translating English Phrasal Verbs into Indonesian . This research was conducted by descriptive qualitative design. The source of data was the bilingual students, they were sixth semester students of English Education Program at State University of Medan. The source of data were taken by using Snowballing Technique. The data consisted of the transcription of audio recorded observation of think-aloud protocols (TAP), and the transcription of interview. The findings showed that there are six behaviors available during the process of translation done by the students, namely 1) reading the text, 2) alternating between the SL and the TL 3) monitoring the proposed translation, 4) consulting the dictionary 5) paraphrasing, and 6) translation. The cognitive processes occur when the subjects 1) read the text, either they read the whole SL or segment by segment, 2) kept repeating the term (the lexical) which indicates hesitation, questioning, and remembering the real meaning 3) were not able to make decision for an equivalent, 4) did not understand the meaning of verbs and consult the dictionary, 6) tried to clarify a concept and reformulate a proposed translation by paraphrase, and 7) wrote down a translation and express it orally.

This study deals with Gender Humor Discourse in ‘Friends’ Comedy Series. The aims of the study are 1) to categorize the types of gender humors used in ‘Friends’ comedy series, 2) to describe how gender humors realized in ‘Friends’ comedy series, and 3) to explain the reason of realizing gender humors in ‘Friends’ comedy series in the ways they are. The study used a qualitative descriptive method and a critical discourse analysis approach. The data of the study is drawn from scripts consisted clauses of gender humor discourse in ‘Friends’ comedy series. The techniques for collecting data were observing the plot of the comedy series and selecting episodes which the one that contained the most humor in friendship then download the episodes selected to be observed, after that make documentations by trimming the scenes for making the transcript of dialogues from cut scenes and finding expressions appeared of all players in the comedy series to be observe. The results of study found that there were twenty-six clauses consisted humor types found in this study namely: Self-defeating types were eight (31%). Aggressive types were seven (27%), Affiliative types were six (23%) and elf-enhancing types were five (19%), It can be concluded that Self-defeating types became had high frequency in ‘Friends’ comedy series. From forty-three clauses in ‘Friends’ comedy series, there were nine form of ten humor form realized in ‘Friends’ comedy series, they are Pun form, Riddle form, Joke form, Satire form, Anecdote form, Farce form, Irony form, Sarcasm form, and Wit form. From nine forms of verbal humor, Farce form became had high frequency in the kind of verbal humor of ’Friends’ comedy series. Finally the last study results, there were three reason of realizing humors discourse namely: Universal joke, Cultural Joke, and Linguistic joke.

The validity and reliability of the test is very important before the test is used to measure student achievement. This study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of the summative English test for fifth grade public elementary schools 058238 Bukit Rata in the academic year 2019/2020, and to investigate the quality level of the summative test of English in elementary schools. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The subjects in this study were students of grade V public elementary school 058238 Bukit Rata in the academic year 2019/2020. The data analysis technique used is quantitative analysis by testing the validity, reliability, level of difficulty, distinguishing power, and tricking effectiveness. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANATES version 4 program and manual calculations using Microsoft Excel. The results showed that, the level of validity of the English test in grade 5 elementary school before the revision based on material aspects, construct aspects and language aspects obtained a percentage of 73% with a good category. After being revised, based on material aspects, construct aspects and language aspects obtained a percentage of 90% with a good category. The reliability test was carried out twice, namely the questions before expert validation and after expert validation. The results of the reliability test on the first question were the value of -0.084 in the unreliable category because the value was ≤ 0.700. Furthermore, the second test of English test reliability was carried out. The results of the second test reliability test, namely the KR 20 formula with the help of the Excel program obtained a value of 0.413 in the sufficient category. The level of validity and reliability of the English test in grade 5 elementary schools. Before the revision, the number of valid questions was 4 valid questions or 16% of the total questions. Furthermore, the number of questions that can be accepted is 17 questions, but 13 questions are not valid. So it is necessary to improve the overall problem. After the revision was made, the number of valid questions was 16 valid questions or 64% of the total questions. Furthermore, the number of questions that can be used is 15 questions, because one significant question has a low difference power, so the question is not used. The validity and reliability of the English test in fifth grade public elementary school 058238 Bukit Rata should be revised becausereliability is used as an indicator in believing the value of a test because it has consistency. While the test must be valid because it is used as a development and evaluation of a test. In addition, validity is also needed to determine the feasibility of items.

Learning media is a tool or means that can facilitate delivery of messages from a learning resource to students. Interactive learning media need to be used by teachers so that the learning process runs well and is attractive to students. Teachers in rural areas still use conventional learning media. They still use simple media made of thick card and simple power point. There is no creation and innovation in it. The research method in this study is descriptive qualitative. Fifteen teachers from the Al Ahliyah Al Islamiyah madrasa, South Tapanuli. They are teachers who teach different subjects, such as Indonesian, Economics, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, Chemistry, Information Communication Technology, and Mathematics as sources of research data. The purpose of this study was to explain the use of interactive learning media slide master by teachers in rural areas. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation and interviews. The validity of the data used triangulation techniques. Data analysis techniques using techniques of Miles and Huberman. The results obtained from this study indicate that teachers from various different subjects have used interactive learning media properly and correctly. This is based on the achievement of indicators on interactive learning media. And this has an impact on increasing students' learning achievement. And this has an impact on increasing students' learning achievement.

This study deals with Directive Illocutionary Act of male and female English Teacher in SMP Ad-Durrah Medan. The objectives of this study is to describe the realization of directive illocutionary act of male and female English teachers at SMP Ad-Durrah Medan. This study applied qualitative descriptive method. The techniques for collecting data are through applying observation by taking eight meetings for male and female English teachers to get realization of directive illocutionary act by male and female English. The results of this study found that realization of directive illocutionary act realized from the collaborative, competitive, conflictive , and convivial, where one of the realization was showed that the teacher makes a group discussion for doing the task and the teachers help the students by making a discussion for each student, making a collaboration for their task related to the content of their lesson and presenting the discussion in the class.

This study addresses types of illocutionary acts in Jack Ma’s inspiring speech in his graduation at the University of Hongkong. The meaning or the function of an utterance in speech-acts can merely be analyzed based on the acts of illocution made by the speaker. In other words, the hearer will be able to give any responses to the utterances made by the speaker if he or she understands the intention of speaker’s utterances. The research is categorized as descriptive qualitative based on Moleong’s theory (2014:82). It aimed to find the types of illocutionary act performed by Jack Ma’s speech in his graduation at the University of Hongkong, to describe the intended forces of each type of illocutionary act performed in that speech, and to find out the context supported interpretation of meaning in illocutionary acts. The findings indicates that there are 7 types of illocutionary acts such : 0 (0%) for declarative, 58 (62 %) for assertive, 11 (12 %) for expressive, 3 (3 %) for directive, 11 (12 %) for commissive, 4 (4 %) for assertive expressive and 7 (7 %) for assertive directive. It means that most of dominant of illocutionary acts is assertive. And context supported the interpreting of meaning performed illocutionary acts can be mentioned through the participants, the setting or social context of interaction, the topic, and the function. All these explanations guided the audience to catch the truly meaning of a speaker.

This study deals with Address System in one ethnic namely Gayonese Lut and Deret in Bener Meriah. The objective of this study is to describe the functions of address system Gayonese Lut and Deret in Bener Meriah. This study applied qualitative descriptive method. The techniques for collecting data were through giving the questionnaire sheets to the twelve subjects and record the conversation of interview with subjects and also the informants by taking the video directly. The result of this study found that Gayonese Lut has five functions address system namely Attract people attention (5.71), Show intimacy (28.58), Show politeness (7.14), Show power differential (20.00), and Reflect identity (38.57). Gayonese Deret also has five functions of address system namely Attract people attention (10.00), Show intimacy (20.00), Show politeness (32.00), Show power differential (14.00), and Reflect identity (24.00). In Gayonese Lut, Reflect identity is the most function of address system while in Gayonese Deret is Show politeness. Keywords: Address System, Gayonese, Lut, Deret.

This research deals with factors slow secondary learners difficulties in learning speaking at Homeschooling Global Lentera Kasih Batam. This research was conducted by using qualitative research. The objectives of this study was to investigate the factors causing slow secondary learners difficulties in learning speaking English. The data of this study obtained from documentation and interview. The techniques of collecting data that was applied in this research- they are observation, interview and documentation. The data of this study obtained from the result of interview from teacher and parents of slow learners. The source of data in this study was slow secondary learners grade X and the English teacher. There were 2 English teachers, and 2 classes of secondary level learners in Homeschooling Global Lentera Kasih and both slow learners classes contains 4 students, in class X-1 they are FL, NM, RRH and PLG, while in class X-2, they are DA, KT, SRN and FDF. The results showed that there were two factors caused the difficulties of slow learners in learning speaking, they are emotional and personal factors. Keyword s: Factors , Slow Learners , Difficuties , Learning, Homeschooling

There were many studies discussed on the product of translation. Meanwhile, few researcher lazy to watch the process of translation. This paper, therefore, investigated a study on the processes when a translator performed the translation. The cognitive process played an important role in it. The aims of the study are to describe the think aloud protocols as one of the assessment to explore the translation behaviours or strategies in translation and to analyze cognitive processes that occur in the mind of postgraduate students when they did the translation. This research is also necessary to know the difficulties faced by the students when conducting the process of it. The study that involved fifteen participants, resulted to some difficulties, namely in translating lingual word unit, lingual phrase unit, and lingual clause unit. The overcome strategies were refers to a dictionary, knowledge of the subject (guessing), and the attention of local context and content. It is suggested that, although the think-aloud assessment has limitations, but it is an appropriate instrument for looking into the mental process of a translator.

This study aims to describe the realization of intertextuality occurences in sari matua ceremony. This research is conducted qualitatively by applying technique analysis of Bazerman. The data are utterances which delivered by the speakers in the ceremony and transcribed into transcription. Sari Matua is one kind of death ceremony in batak toba culture and has been studied in other particular field of study. In this study, intertextuality occurrence are studied on oral discourse in Sari matua batak toba ceremony. Sari matua batak toba ceremony consisted of two sessions which are Martonggo Raja and main ceremony and this study focuses on these two sessions. The result of this study shows that there were 50 specific data found from 82 specific data which included kinds of intertextuality namely qutotation, reference, and allusion. The realization of intertextuality occurences in sari matua Batak Toba ceremony is realized by some elements of intertextuality itself. The realization Quotation is identified through the presence of lexical expressions such as mandok, manungkun, hatahononku, di dok, pinasihat. Reference is identified by seeing clause which reflected to, re-contextualized to dan re-accentuated to. Allusion is identified by clause complex which referring the text to literature, historical art, story, person even place. The intertextuality occurences realized in sari matua Batak Toba ceremony because the text which quoted, referred to and alluded to from the past time can be reflected in ourlives in the present time. Key words: Intertextuality, Oral Discourse, Batak Toba Ceremony, Sari Matua

THE USE OF TRANSLATION IN TEACHING WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT *Esterina Sipahutar **Masitowarni Siregar **Anni Holila Pulungan Universitas Negeri Medan ABSTRACT Sipahutar, Esterina. Registration Number: 214332101. The Use of Translation in Teaching Writing Narrative Text. A Thesis. English Educational Program, State University of Medan, 2020. This study aimed at describing the use of translation and investigating the reasons of using translation in teaching writing narrative text grade ten at SMK Broadcasting Bina Creative Medan. This study was qualitatively conducted that taken 2 English teachers of SMK Broadcasting Bina Creative Medan. The data were collected by using an interview and observing the whole process of the online teaching writing narrative text. The findings of this study showed that there were 73 times of using translation found during three processes that they were conveying and checking meaning of words or sentences, explaining grammar and classroom management. The reasons of using translation in teaching writing narrative text were facilitating communication, teacher-student relationship and the L2 learning. The findings of this study revealed that translation contributed to the study of foreign language teaching especially teaching writing skill. Keywords: translation, teaching and narrative text.

The objectives of this study were to describe the translation quality in Bound novel. This study followed the theory of Nababan et.al (2012) about the three aspects of translation quality namely (1) accuracy; (2) acceptability; and (3) readability. This research uses descriptive qualitative method as the research design. The data of this study were gathered by using the documents and questionnaire by the raters. The results analysis from the raters showed that translation quality in Bound novel were less accurate with the average points around 2.75, acceptable with the average points around 2.92 and readable with the average points around 3.0. It means, the quality of translation in Bound novel was good quality. Keyword s: Tra nslation Q uality, Bound N ovel . Assessment, Aspects of Translation

Language forms a dialogue that becomes a very important matter in communicating. Dialogue is related with speech functions. Halliday (2014) suggest that dialogue is a process of exchange involving two variables; those are: (1) a commodity to be exchanged; either information or good and service and (2) roles associated with exchange relations; either giving or demanding. Halliday (1994) states that there are four basic types of speech functions; those are: offer, statement, command, and question. This study analyzes the speech function of Anies Baswedan’s speech in inauguration ceremony as the governor of Jakarta in the period of 2017-2022. Based on the data analysis, there were 82 independent clauses of which speech functions were statement, there were 26 independent clauses of which speech functions are command, and there was 1 independent clause of which speech function was question. The speech functions of statement were in unmarked mood, the command ones were in marked and unmarked mood, and the speech function of question was in unmarked mood. The types of speech function found in the speech are correlated with the function and the goal of the speech. There were four types of reasons in applying the speech function in Anies Baswedan’s speech. The reasons were for informing, motivating, persuading, and getting information

This study deals with the language communication strategies in conversation used by extrovert and introvert students at Politeknik LP3i Medan. It uses qualitative research design with a single case study to gain an understanding on this study. It is conducted descriptively. This study aims to find out the types of communication strategies in conversation used by introvert students of Politeknik LP3i Medan. The subjects were 10 persons of introvert and of Politeknik LP3I Medan. The use of instruments in this study were observation ,interview and documentation. The observation were the types of communication strategies in conversation used by extrovert and introvert students of Politeknik LP3i Medan. The interview was used to in depth the data. The theories of Celce-Murcia was used in this study. The data were analyzed by Spradley (1979) analysis. The result of the study there were three reason of communication strategy were used by students of Politeknik LP3I Medan. They are providing opportunities for practice strategy, proving list of needed vocabulary and remind forgotten words strategy. Keywords: Communication Strategies, the R eason W hy the I ntrovert S tudents U sed C ommunication Strategies in the Way They Do

This study deals with the EFL politeness in refusals by students of different culture and interlanguage stages. The objectives of this research are to analyze the way how the subjects of different culture and interlanguage stages form politeness in refusals and the underlying reasons why subjects of different culture and interlanguage stages do it as the way they do. This study was a qualitative research. The data were taken from refusal expressions made by EFL Malay and Batak students with initial stage and free variation stage. The data of this study were collected by using elicitation techniques by using Discourse Completion Task (DCT), pictures and Interview. The results of this study showed that the politeness in refusal among the Batak and Malay culture are both realized by direct and indirect strategy. The difference between the two realization of politeness in refusal is that the direct strategies are used more in Batak culture than those used in Malay culture. Semantic formula are used less in Batak culture than those in Malay culture. The underlying reasons of EFL politeness in refusals are caused by the culture and interlanguage stages effect.

In communication, people often faced to the use of metaphor, but many of us sometimes don't understand the metaphor itself. People usually find metaphors when using language in communication where the language they want to say is different from the actual meaning. metaphor divided into two; lexical metaphor and grammatical metaphor and lexical metaphor. This research focus on lexical metaphor that shows variations of words in which there are veiled meanings or different meanings. This research aims to explain why lexical metaphors are used in the Surah Al-Kahfi. This research revealed that (+) specialized, un-equal, formal and written have some frequency. All of them were found 42 times or 100%. Meanwhile, the (-) specialized, equal, informal and spoken with zero experience. the researcher was interested to conduct a research about lexical metaphor that used in Surah Al-Kahfi with Bahasa Indonesia translation version of the Qur’an. Keywords: Metaphor, Lexical Metaphor, Al-Qur’an, Surah Al-Kahfi

This paper is the result of meta-lingual research on the application of Haley's metaphor theory. The research objective is to analyze and evaluate whether Haley's metaphorical theory concept is appropriately used and applied in the research data. The research design is qualitative with analytical-descriptive, conceptual-empirical, and literature methods. The data source is in the form of six scientific articles that apply Haley's metaphorical theory and have been published in six different scientific journals in Indonesia. The research data consists of two types of data, namely (i) main data in the form of meta-lingual data and (ii) auxiliary data in the form of object language data. The results of data analysis and discussion indicate that there are conceptual errors in the application of Haley's metaphorical theory in the six data sources. Generally, these mistakes can be grouped into three categories, namely errors in understanding (i) Haley's definition of metaphor, (ii) hierarchical terms of perceptual space, and (iii) application of the hierarchical concept of Haley's perceptual space in the analysis of metaphorical expressions. The main cause of these errors is that (i) Haley's theory is not referenced directly from Haley and (ii) only one of Haley's writings is referred to. Thus, the research results in that data source eventually become questions.

The study was aimed to develop media based on PowToon in teaching writing recount text for grade VIII students in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan. This study was conducted by using Research and Development (R & D) design through six stages; gathering information and data, analyzing data, designing materials, validating by experts, revising, and final product. The subject of the study was Grade VIII of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan. The data were gathered by administering interview to English teacher and distributing questionnaire to 30 respondents to get the students’ needs. The interview and questionnaire result prove that the students’ needs English learning media which can motivate the students to understand about the recount writing. The product has been validated by experts. The result of the product was videos that contain audio-visual media to be used in mastering the recount text writing. The result of experts’ validation showed that the media was an appropriate media to be used in teaching writing recount text by getting the average percentage of 95% categorized as excellent.Keywords: PowToon, Recount Text, Research and Development (R&D)

This research was aimed to explain the indices in evaluating English Summative test based on item analysis. In addition, this research was also aimed to find out the quality of the English Summative test for Ninth Grade Students of SMPS Letjen S Parman Medan based on item analysis, which covers item facility, item discrimination, and distractors efficiency. This research was descriptive-quantitative research. The data were taken from the English Summative Test, answer key, and the students’ answer sheets. The data were collected by documentary technique. There were three indices in evaluating English test based on item analysis, they were: item facility, item discrimination, and distractor efficiency. There was 0% very difficult item, 76% moderate item, and 24% very easy item. Item with negative discrimination were 2.22%, zero discrimination were 6.67%, low discrimination were 20%, moderate discrimination were 60%, and high discrimination were 11.11%. Items with functioned distractors were 42% and items with non-functioned distractors were 58%. The quality of English summative test for ninth grade students of SMPS S Parman was moderate. There were 11.11% good items, 57.78% moderate items, and 31.11% bad items.Keywords: Test, Item Analysis, Item Facility, Item Discrimination, Distractors Efficiency.

This study is concerned with the use of metaphors in onang onang of Bobby and Kahiyang tortor dance. The objectives of this study were to describe the types of lexical metaphors and to find the reasons of the use of lexical metaphors in onang onang of Bobby and Kahiyang tortor dance. This study was conducted by qualitative content anaylisis method. The data in this study is the lyric of onang onang in Bobby and Kahiyang tortor dance. Meanwhile, the data source is the video of onang onang of Bobby and Kahiyang tortor dance. The findings of this study showed that the types of lexical metaphor used in onang onang of Bobby and Kahiyang tortor dance were five concepts of lexical metaphors, namely noun noun, noun verb, noun adjective, circumstance preposition noun, and verb preposition noun. The reason of using metaphor in onang onang of Bobby and Kahiyang wedding ceremony were first, to embellish the language in the lyric of onang onang itself and second, in order to the lyrics can easily arousing the feelings or emotions of the audience who heard it when the onang onang is sung. Keywords: Lexical Metaphor; Onang Onang; Tortor Dance

In accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated very carefully in order to avoid misunderstanding. Larson (1984:250) states that If metaphors from source language are translated literally into the target language, they will often be completely misunderstood. Because the translation cannot simply reproduce, or be, the original. In fact, in the folklores there are still literally in translating the text. The aims of this study were to describe the realization of translation strategies in the translation live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The source of data were 15 folklores in Sumatera. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument for collecting the data was documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The findings of this study revealed that the realization of translation strategies in live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores into English by applying two process, namely: Single Strategy (91.83%), Double Strategies (8.16%). Metaphors often become the problem in translation and in accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated from source language (SL) into target language (TL) in order to avoid misunderstanding. Keywords: Translation Strategies, Live Metaphor, Sumatera language, Folklores

This research was carried out to investigate the modality used in beauty product advertisements on Instagram caption. The objective of the research was to describe the types of modality used in beauty product advertisements on Instagram caption. The data of this research was the clauses consisting of modality used in beauty product advertisements which are taken from official account of three local brands on Instagram. Descriptive qualitative method was used in this research. The instrument of this research was observation. The types of modality were analyzed by using the theory of Carrettero (2007). In this research was found four types of modality. The types were found in this research, namely Epistemic, Deontic, Dynamic, and Boulomaic. Keywords: T ypes of M odality, Be auty P roduct A dvertisements, Instagram C aption

The objectives of this study is to investigate the culture and interlanguage stages effect on EFL students’ politeness in refusals. This study was a qualitative research. The data were taken from refusal expressions made by EFL Malay and Batak Junior high school students with initial stage (stage 1 interlanguage) and free variation stage (stage 2 interlanguage). The data of this study were collected by using elicitation techniques by using Discourse Completion Task (DCT), pictures and Interview. The number of the subjects involved in this study was taken by using snowball technique and the total number were twelve subjects. The results of this study showed that both culture and interlanguage stages affect the EFL students’ politeness in refusals. In Bataknese EFL students, the realization of politeness in refusal tends to be more affected by the culture rather than the interlanguage stages. While in Malay, culture and interlanguage stages have the same effect in the realization of politeness in refusals.Keywords: Culture, Effect, Interlanguage Stages, Politeness, Refusals

The aims of this study are to investigate linguistic features, to describe the discursive techniques and to describe social implications that are used in oriflame catalogue beauty product advertisements. This research was conducted by using qualitative research design. The data of this study were texts on oriflame beauty product advertisements. The data analyzed by using three dimensional nature of critical analysis as preceded by Fairclough. There are three dimensional frameworks of analysis that are description/ text analysis, interpretation/process and explanation/social. The findings are (1) there were 7 out of 8 kind of linguistic features were found in oriflame catalogue beauty product advertisements. the most dominant linguistic feature used in the advertisement is adjective, (2) there were 9 discursive techniques that found in the second level analysis, the most technique used in the advertisements is emotive word.Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Advertisement, Linguistic Feature, Discursive Technique, Social Implication

This study investigates interpersonal metaphor in “Indonesia Now” English news TV program based on Systemic Functional Linguistics approach. The objective of the study are to identify what types of interpersonal metaphors in “Indonesia Now”, to describe how those interpersonal metaphors are used, and to explain in what context those interpersonal metaphor are used. A qualitative descriptive research design was used in this study. The data were taken from one weekly broadcast Indonesia Now in January to June 2017. The data were collected by recording the “Indonesia Now” program on Metro TV, then transcribing the program broadcasts into written text, classifying the data into types of interpersonal metaphors and then drawing conclusion from the data. The findings of the study show that there are five types of interpersonal metaphor used in “Indonesia Now”, namely metaphor of mood, modality, epithet, euphemism, and connotation. The use of interpersonal metaphor in “Indonesia Now” is realized by use of incongruent types of expressing meaning in interaction. In addition, the use of interpersonal metaphor, it is also found that expressing emotion as the new findings of this study which not in line with the previous theories. The speaker use interpersonal metaphor to accurately reflect their point of view and express the emotion and this purpose can be achieved with the reference to social context which named context of situation. Keywords: Interpersonal Metaphor, Systemic Functional Linguistic, Indonesia Now

The purpose of this study is to describe the errors in simple past tense of recount text. In addition, this study is also aimed to describe the causes of those errors. This study apllied the descriptive qualitative approach of which the data were obtained from the recount texts that were written by the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Doloksanggul. The data were collected by using students’ recount texts and interview. The data then were analyzed by identifying the errors first, then describing the errors, and the last explaining the errors. The errors that occurred in students’ recount text are error of omission, error of mis-formation, error of addition and error of mis-ordering. The result of the study indicates that the students made 893 of simple past tense errors which were 0,45% errors of misordering, 3,58% errors of addition, 30,12% errors of omission, and 65,85% errors of mis-formation. The dominant type of errors made by the student is errors of mis-formation. The students’ errors were caused by 36,17% intralingual interference, 58,23% interlingual interference, and 5,6% communication strategies.

This study aimed at describing the use of translation and investigating the reasons of using translation in teaching reading analytical exposition text grade eleven at MAN Peanornor. This study was qualitatively conducted that taken 3 English teachers of MAN Peanornor. The data were collected by using an interview and observing the whole process of teaching reading analytical exposition text. The findings of this study showed that there were 51 times of using translation found during three processes that they were conveying and checking meaning of words or sentences, explaining grammar and classroom management. It was also found that the use of translation was used in the scientific approach activity that experimenting and associating activity were the dominant used rather than observing, questioning and communicating activity in teaching. The reasons of using translation in teaching reading analytical exposition text were facilitating communication, teacher-student relationship and the L2 learning. The findings of this study revealed that translation contributed to the study of foreign language teaching especially teaching reading skill. Keywords : translation, teaching and analytical exposition text.

This study were aimed to find out the types of teachers’ written feedback in writing which given by the teachers for grade 10, to find out the reason why teacher used those types of written feedbacks on students’ writing and also to find out the students’ response to the teacher’s written feedbacks on students’ writing of grade 10 students in SMA YAPIM Taruna Sei Rotan. This research used descriptive qualitative method and the data were collected through documentation and interview. The data collected were analyzed qualitatively. The findings found that there were two types of feedbacks namely, direct written feedback and indirect written feedback. There were 59 direct feedbacks (52%) out of 114 total feedbacks. Meanwhile, indirect feedback with 55 un-coded direct feedbacks (48%) and in this case, teacher did not use coded indirect feedback because the teacher did not understand about the codes. The reason why teacher used those kinds of written feedback on students’ writing was because it could make the students have more vocabularies. In conclusion, teacher’s written feedbacks were important to made students aware of making mistake on their writing and the students knew about their mistake easily and their writing will be better because they learn from the mistakes. In this case, most of the students felt happy when their teacher gave a correction on their writing. The students said that direct feedback was more effective than indirect feedback because they felt confuse about what the correct word is. By using the direct feedback, the students can have more vocabularies on their next writing. The findings suggested that English teachers was expected to provide a clear description of feedback on writing, especially how students perceive and interpret the feedback given.Key words: Feedback, Teacher’s Written Feedback, Students’ Writing