26 results on '"Annette M Estes"'
Search Results
2. Parent attitudes towards predictive testing for autism in the first year of life
- Author
-
Aurora M. Washington, Amanda H. Mercer, Catherine A. Burrows, Stephen R. Dager, Jed T. Elison, Annette M. Estes, Rebecca Grzadzinski, Chimei Lee, Joseph Piven, John R. Pruett, Mark D. Shen, Benjamin Wilfond, Jason Wolff, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, and Katherine E. MacDuffie
- Subjects
Autism ,Biomarkers ,Prediction ,Stakeholder engagement ,Bioethics ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Emerging biomarker technologies (e.g., MRI, EEG, digital phenotyping, eye-tracking) have potential to move the identification of autism into the first year of life. We investigated the perspectives of parents about the anticipated utility and impact of predicting later autism diagnosis from a biomarker-based test in infancy. Methods Parents of infants were interviewed to ascertain receptiveness and perspectives on early (6-12 months) prediction of autism using emerging biomarker technologies. One group had experience parenting an older autistic child (n=30), and the other had no prior autism parenting experience (n=25). Parent responses were analyzed using inductive qualitative coding methods. Results Almost all parents in both groups were interested in predictive testing for autism, with some stating they would seek testing only if concerned about their infant’s development. The primary anticipated advantage of testing was to enable access to earlier intervention. Parents also described the anticipated emotions they would feel in response to test results, actions they might take upon learning their infant was likely to develop autism, attitudes towards predicting a child’s future support needs, and the potential impacts of inaccurate prediction. Conclusion In qualitative interviews, parents of infants with and without prior autism experience shared their anticipated motivations and concerns about predictive testing for autism in the first year of life. The primary reported motivators for testing—to have more time to prepare and intervene early—could be constrained by familial resources and service availability. Implications for ethical communication of results, equitable early intervention, and future research are discussed.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Exploring the social brain
- Author
-
John P Welsh and Annette M Estes
- Subjects
EEG ,autism ,brain waves ,social brain ,brain connectivity ,toddlers ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
How does the brain physiology of young children with autism differ from that of typically-developing children?
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Resting-state fMRI in sleeping infants more closely resembles adult sleep than adult wakefulness.
- Author
-
Anish Mitra, Abraham Z Snyder, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Helmut Laufs, Jed Elison, Robert W Emerson, Mark D Shen, Jason J Wolff, Kelly N Botteron, Stephen Dager, Annette M Estes, Alan Evans, Guido Gerig, Heather C Hazlett, Sarah J Paterson, Robert T Schultz, Martin A Styner, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, IBIS Network, Bradley L Schlaggar, Joseph Piven, John R Pruett, and Marcus Raichle
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in infants enables important studies of functional brain organization early in human development. However, rs-fMRI in infants has universally been obtained during sleep to reduce participant motion artifact, raising the question of whether differences in functional organization between awake adults and sleeping infants that are commonly attributed to development may instead derive, at least in part, from sleep. This question is especially important as rs-fMRI differences in adult wake vs. sleep are well documented. To investigate this question, we compared functional connectivity and BOLD signal propagation patterns in 6, 12, and 24 month old sleeping infants with patterns in adult wakefulness and non-REM sleep. We find that important functional connectivity features seen during infant sleep closely resemble those seen during adult sleep, including reduced default mode network functional connectivity. However, we also find differences between infant and adult sleep, especially in thalamic BOLD signal propagation patterns. These findings highlight the importance of considering sleep state when drawing developmental inferences in infant rs-fMRI.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Differential cognitive and behavioral development from 6 to 24 months in autism and fragile X syndrome
- Author
-
Lindsay J. Mullin, Joshua Rutsohn, Julia L. Gross, Kelly E. Caravella, Rebecca L. Grzadzinski, Leigh Anne Weisenfeld, Lisa Flake, Kelly N. Botteron, Stephen R. Dager, Annette M. Estes, Juhi Pandey, Robert T. Schultz, Tanya St. John, Jason J. Wolff, Mark D. Shen, Joseph Piven, Heather C. Hazlett, and Jessica B. Girault
- Subjects
Autism ,Fragile X syndrome ,Infancy ,Development ,Behavioral ,Cognitive ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Specifying early developmental differences among neurodevelopmental disorders with distinct etiologies is critical to improving early identification and tailored intervention during the first years of life. Recent studies have uncovered important differences between infants with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and infants with familial history of autism spectrum disorder who go on to develop autism themselves (FH-ASD), including differences in brain development and behavior. Thus far, there have been no studies longitudinally investigating differential developmental skill profiles in FXS and FH-ASD infants. Methods The current study contrasted longitudinal trajectories of verbal (expressive and receptive language) and nonverbal (gross and fine motor, visual reception) skills in FXS and FH-ASD infants, compared to FH infants who did not develop ASD (FH-nonASD) and typically developing controls. Results Infants with FXS showed delays on a nonverbal composite compared to FH-ASD (as well as FH-nonASD and control) infants as early as 6 months of age. By 12 months an ordinal pattern of scores was established between groups on all domains tested, such that controls > FH-nonASD > FH-ASD > FXS. This pattern persisted through 24 months. Cognitive level differentially influenced developmental trajectories for FXS and FH-ASD. Conclusions Our results demonstrate detectable group differences by 6 months between FXS and FH-ASD as well as differential trajectories on each domain throughout infancy. This work further highlights an earlier onset of global cognitive delays in FXS and, conversely, a protracted period of more slowly emerging delays in FH-ASD. Divergent neural and cognitive development in infancy between FXS and FH-ASD contributes to our understanding of important distinctions in the development and behavioral phenotype of these two groups.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Associations between early trajectories of amygdala development and later school-age anxiety in two longitudinal samples
- Author
-
Catherine A. Burrows, Carolyn Lasch, Julia Gross, Jessica B. Girault, Joshua Rutsohn, Jason J. Wolff, Meghan R. Swanson, Chimei M. Lee, Stephen R. Dager, Emil Cornea, Rebecca Stephens, Martin Styner, Tanya St. John, Juhi Pandey, Meera Deva, Kelly N. Botteron, Annette M. Estes, Heather C. Hazlett, John R. Pruett, Jr., Robert T. Schultz, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, John H. Gilmore, Mark D. Shen, Joseph Piven, and Jed T. Elison
- Subjects
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ,Anxiety ,Amygdala ,Reproducibility ,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ,Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,QP351-495 - Abstract
Amygdala function is implicated in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety. We investigated associations between early trajectories of amygdala growth and anxiety and ASD outcomes at school age in two longitudinal studies: high- and low-familial likelihood for ASD, Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS, n = 257) and typically developing (TD) community sample, Early Brain Development Study (EBDS, n = 158). Infants underwent MRI scanning at up to 3 timepoints from neonate to 24 months. Anxiety was assessed at 6–12 years. Linear multilevel modeling tested whether amygdala volume growth was associated with anxiety symptoms at school age. In the IBIS sample, children with higher anxiety showed accelerated amygdala growth from 6 to 24 months. ASD diagnosis and ASD familial likelihood were not significant predictors. In the EBDS sample, amygdala growth from birth to 24 months was associated with anxiety. More anxious children had smaller amygdala volume and slower rates of amygdala growth. We explore reasons for the contrasting results between high-familial likelihood for ASD and TD samples, grounding results in the broader literature of variable associations between early amygdala volume and later anxiety. Results have the potential to identify mechanisms linking early amygdala growth to later anxiety in certain groups.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Corrigendum: Are early social communication skills a harbinger for language development in infants later diagnosed autistic?—A longitudinal study using a standardized social communication assessment
- Author
-
Shruthi Ravi, Allison Bradshaw, Hervé Abdi, Shoba Sreenath Meera, Julia Parish-Morris, Lisa Yankowitz, Sarah Paterson, Stephen R. Dager, Catherine A. Burrows, Chad Chappell, Tanya St.John, Annette M. Estes, Joseph Piven, Meghan R. Swanson, and The IBIS Network
- Subjects
autism ,language ,social communication ,longitudinal ,infancy ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Are early social communication skills a harbinger for language development in infants later diagnosed autistic?—A longitudinal study using a standardized social communication assessment
- Author
-
Shruthi Ravi, Allison Bradshaw, Hervé Abdi, Shoba Sreenath Meera, Julia Parish-Morris, Lisa Yankowitz, Sarah Paterson, Stephen R. Dager, Catherine A. Burrows, Chad Chappell, Tanya St.John, Annette M. Estes, Joseph Piven, Meghan R. Swanson, and The IBIS Network
- Subjects
autism ,language ,social communication ,longitudinal ,infancy ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
The early emergence of social communication challenges and their impact on language in infants later diagnosed with autism has sparked many early intervention programs that target social communication skills. While research has consistently shown lower scores on social communication assessments in the first year of life, there is limited research at 12-months exploring associations between different dimensions of social communication and later language. Understanding associations between early social communication skills and language would enhance our ability to choose high priority intervention goals that will impact downstream language skills. The current study used a standardized assessment to profile social communication skills across 516 infants with a high (HL) or low likelihood (LL-Neg) for autism (84% White, 60% Male), based on the presence of a sibling with autism in the family. The primary aim of the study was to profile social communication skill development in the second year of life and to evaluate associations between social communication skills and later language. HL infants who met criteria for autism (HL-ASD, N = 81) demonstrated widespread reductions in social communication skills at 12-months compared to HL infants who did not meet criteria for autism (HL-Neg, N = 277) and LL-Neg (N = 158) infants. Across all infants in the study, those with better social communication skills at 12-months had better language at 24-months. However, within group analyses indicated that infants who met criteria for autism did not show this developmental coupling until 24-months-of-age at which point social communication was positively associated with downstream language skills. The cascading pattern of reduced social communication skills as well as overall significant positive associations with later language provide further evidence for the need to support developing social communication skills prior to formal autism diagnosis, a goal that could possibly be reached through pre-emptive interventions.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Longitudinal Prediction of Infant MR Images With Multi-Contrast Perceptual Adversarial Learning
- Author
-
Liying Peng, Lanfen Lin, Yusen Lin, Yen-wei Chen, Zhanhao Mo, Roza M. Vlasova, Sun Hyung Kim, Alan C. Evans, Stephen R. Dager, Annette M. Estes, Robert C. McKinstry, Kelly N. Botteron, Guido Gerig, Robert T. Schultz, Heather C. Hazlett, Joseph Piven, Catherine A. Burrows, Rebecca L. Grzadzinski, Jessica B. Girault, Mark D. Shen, and Martin A. Styner
- Subjects
generative adversarial networks ,MRI ,longitudinal prediction ,machine learning ,infant ,postnatal brain development ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The infant brain undergoes a remarkable period of neural development that is crucial for the development of cognitive and behavioral capacities (Hasegawa et al., 2018). Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to characterize the developmental trajectories and is critical in neuroimaging studies of early brain development. However, missing data at different time points is an unavoidable occurrence in longitudinal studies owing to participant attrition and scan failure. Compared to dropping incomplete data, data imputation is considered a better solution to address such missing data in order to preserve all available samples. In this paper, we adapt generative adversarial networks (GAN) to a new application: longitudinal image prediction of structural MRI in the first year of life. In contrast to existing medical image-to-image translation applications of GANs, where inputs and outputs share a very close anatomical structure, our task is more challenging as brain size, shape and tissue contrast vary significantly between the input data and the predicted data. Several improvements over existing GAN approaches are proposed to address these challenges in our task. To enhance the realism, crispness, and accuracy of the predicted images, we incorporate both a traditional voxel-wise reconstruction loss as well as a perceptual loss term into the adversarial learning scheme. As the differing contrast changes in T1w and T2w MR images in the first year of life, we incorporate multi-contrast images leading to our proposed 3D multi-contrast perceptual adversarial network (MPGAN). Extensive evaluations are performed to assess the qualityand fidelity of the predicted images, including qualitative and quantitative assessments of the image appearance, as well as quantitative assessment on two segmentation tasks. Our experimental results show that our MPGAN is an effective solution for longitudinal MR image data imputation in the infant brain. We further apply our predicted/imputed images to two practical tasks, a regression task and a classification task, in order to highlight the enhanced task-related performance following image imputation. The results show that the model performance in both tasks is improved by including the additional imputed data, demonstrating the usability of the predicted images generated from our approach.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Infant Visual Brain Development and Inherited Genetic Liability in Autism
- Author
-
Jessica B, Girault, Kevin, Donovan, Zoë, Hawks, Muhamed, Talovic, Elizabeth, Forsen, Jed T, Elison, Mark D, Shen, Meghan R, Swanson, Jason J, Wolff, Sun Hyung, Kim, Tomoyuki, Nishino, Savannah, Davis, Abraham Z, Snyder, Kelly N, Botteron, Annette M, Estes, Stephen R, Dager, Heather C, Hazlett, Guido, Gerig, Robert, McKinstry, Juhi, Pandey, Robert T, Schultz, Tanya, St John, Lonnie, Zwaigenbaum, Alexandre, Todorov, Young, Truong, Martin, Styner, John R, Pruett, John N, Constantino, and Joseph, Piven
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Siblings ,Brain ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Autistic Disorder ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heritable, and younger siblings of ASD probands are at higher likelihood of developing ASD themselves. Prospective MRI studies of siblings report that atypical brain development precedes ASD diagnosis, although the link between brain maturation and genetic factors is unclear. Given that familial recurrence of ASD is predicted by higher levels of ASD traits in the proband, the authors investigated associations between proband ASD traits and brain development among younger siblings.In a sample of 384 proband-sibling pairs (89 pairs concordant for ASD), the authors examined associations between proband ASD traits and sibling brain development at 6, 12, and 24 months in key MRI phenotypes: total cerebral volume, cortical surface area, extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid, occipital cortical surface area, and splenium white matter microstructure. Results from primary analyses led the authors to implement a data-driven approach using functional connectivity MRI at 6 months.Greater levels of proband ASD traits were associated with larger total cerebral volume and surface area and larger surface area and reduced white matter integrity in components of the visual system in siblings who developed ASD. This aligned with weaker functional connectivity between several networks and the visual system among all siblings during infancy.The findings provide evidence that specific early brain MRI phenotypes of ASD reflect quantitative variation in familial ASD traits. Multimodal anatomical and functional convergence on cortical regions, fiber pathways, and functional networks involved in visual processing suggest that inherited liability has a role in shaping the prodromal development of visual circuitry in ASD.
- Published
- 2023
11. A Data-Driven Approach in an Unbiased Sample Reveals Equivalent Sex Ratio of Autism Spectrum Disorder–Associated Impairment in Early Childhood
- Author
-
Catherine A. Burrows, Rebecca L. Grzadzinski, Kevin Donovan, Isabella C. Stallworthy, Joshua Rutsohn, Tanya St. John, Natasha Marrus, Julia Parish-Morris, Leigh MacIntyre, Jacqueline Hampton, Juhi Pandey, Mark D. Shen, Kelly N. Botteron, Annette M. Estes, Stephen R. Dager, Heather C. Hazlett, John R. Pruett, Robert T. Schultz, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Kinh N. Truong, Joseph Piven, and Jed T. Elison
- Subjects
Male ,Sex Characteristics ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Child, Preschool ,Siblings ,Humans ,Infant ,Female ,Prospective Studies ,Sex Ratio ,Child ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
Sex differences in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders are particularly evident in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Heterogeneous symptom presentation and the potential of measurement bias hinder early ASD detection in females and may contribute to discrepant prevalence estimates. We examined trajectories of social communication (SC) and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in a sample of infant siblings of children with ASD, adjusting for age- and sex-based measurement bias. We hypothesized that leveraging a prospective elevated familial likelihood sample, deriving data-driven behavioral constructs, and accounting for measurement bias would reveal less discrepant sex ratios than are typically seen in ASD.We conducted direct assessments of ASD symptoms at 6 to 9, 12 to 15, 24, and 36 to 60 months of age (total nWe identified 2 latent classes in the SC and RRB models with equal sex ratios in the high-concern cluster for both SC and RRB. Sex differences were also observed in the SC high-concern cluster, indicating that girls classified as having elevated social concerns demonstrated milder symptoms than boys in this group.This novel approach for characterizing ASD symptom progression highlights the utility of assessing and adjusting for sex-related measurement bias and identifying sex-specific patterns of symptom emergence.
- Published
- 2022
12. Subcortical Brain Development in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome: Evidence for Dynamic, Age- and Disorder-Specific Trajectories in Infancy
- Author
-
Mark D, Shen, Meghan R, Swanson, Jason J, Wolff, Jed T, Elison, Jessica B, Girault, Sun Hyung, Kim, Rachel G, Smith, Michael M, Graves, Leigh Anne H, Weisenfeld, Lisa, Flake, Leigh, MacIntyre, Julia L, Gross, Catherine A, Burrows, Vladimir S, Fonov, D Louis, Collins, Alan C, Evans, Guido, Gerig, Robert C, McKinstry, Juhi, Pandey, Tanya, St John, Lonnie, Zwaigenbaum, Annette M, Estes, Stephen R, Dager, Robert T, Schultz, Martin A, Styner, Kelly N, Botteron, Heather C, Hazlett, and Joseph, Piven
- Subjects
Adult ,Adolescent ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Brain ,Infant ,Amygdala ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Article ,Young Adult ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Child, Preschool ,Fragile X Syndrome ,Humans ,Autistic Disorder ,Child - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Previous research has demonstrated that the amygdala is enlarged in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the precise onset of this enlargement during infancy, how it relates to later diagnostic behaviors, whether the timing of enlargement in infancy is specific to the amygdala, and whether it is specific to ASD (or present in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as fragile X syndrome) are all unknown. METHODS: Longitudinal MRIs were acquired at 6–24 months of age in 29 infants with fragile X syndrome, 58 infants at high likelihood for ASD who were later diagnosed with ASD, 212 high-likelihood infants not diagnosed with ASD, and 109 control infants (1,099 total scans). RESULTS: Infants who developed ASD had typically sized amygdala volumes at 6 months, but exhibited significantly faster amygdala growth between 6 and 24 months, such that by 12 months the ASD group had significantly larger amygdala volume (Cohen’s d=0.56) compared with all other groups. Amygdala growth rate between 6 and 12 months was significantly associated with greater social deficits at 24 months when the infants were diagnosed with ASD. Infants with fragile X syndrome had a persistent and significantly enlarged caudate volume at all ages between 6 and 24 months (d=2.12), compared with all other groups, which was significantly associated with greater repetitive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first MRI study comparing fragile X syndrome and ASD in infancy, demonstrating strikingly different patterns of brain and behavior development. Fragile X syndrome–related changes were present from 6 months of age, whereas ASD-related changes unfolded over the first 2 years of life, starting with no detectable group differences at 6 months. Increased amygdala growth rate between 6 and 12 months occurs prior to social deficits and well before diagnosis. This gradual onset of brain and behavior changes in ASD, but not fragile X syndrome, suggests an age- and disorder-specific pattern of cascading brain changes preceding autism diagnosis.
- Published
- 2022
13. Differential Cognitive and Behavioral Development from 6 to 24 Months in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome
- Author
-
Lindsay J. Mullin, Joshua Rutsohn, Julia L. Gross, Kelly E. Caravella, Leigh Anne Weisenfeld, Lisa Flake, Kelly N. Botteron, Stephen R. Dager, Annette M. Estes, Juhi Pandey, Robert T. Schultz, Tanya St. John, Jason J. Wolff, Mark D. Shen, Joseph Piven, Heather C. Hazlett, and Jessica B. Girault
- Abstract
Background: Specifying early developmental differences among neurodevelopmental disorders with distinct etiologies but similar clinical phenotypes is critical to improving early identification and tailored intervention during the first years of life. Recent studies have uncovered important differences between infants with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and infants with familial history (FH) of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who go on to develop autism themselves (FH-ASD), including differences in brain development and behavioral symptomology. However, there have been no studies investigating differential developmental skill profiles in FXS and FH-ASD infants. Methods: The current study contrasted longitudinal trajectories of verbal (expressive and receptive language) and nonverbal (gross and fine motor, visual reception) skills in infants with FXS and FH-ASD infants, compared to typically developing controls and FH infants who did not develop ASD (FH-nonASD). Results: Infants with FXS showed delays in developmental composite scores compared to FH-ASD (and FH-nonASD and control) infants as early as 6 months of age. At 12 months an ordinal pattern was established between groups on all domains tested, such that controls > FH-nonASD > FH-ASD > FXS. This pattern persisted through 24 months. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate detectable delays by 6 months in FXS, whereas FH-ASD infants were indistinguishable from typically developing infants until 12 months. This highlights an earlier onset of global cognitive delays in FXS and, conversely, a protracted period of more subtly emerging delays in FH-ASD. Divergent neural and cognitive development in infancy between FXS and FH-ASD add to our understanding of important distinctions in the development and behavioral phenotype of these two groups.
- Published
- 2023
14. Relationship of Impairments in Associative Learning With Intellectual Disability and Cerebellar Hypoplasia in Autistic Children
- Author
-
John P. Welsh, Jeffrey Munson, Tanya St John, Christina N. Meehan, Elise Tran Abraham, Frederick B. Reitz, K. Kawena Begay, Stephen R. Dager, and Annette M. Estes
- Subjects
Neurology (clinical) ,Research Article - Abstract
Background and ObjectivesThe severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) varies widely and is associated with intellectual disability (ID) and brain dysmorphology. We tested the hypothesis that the heterogeneity of ASD can be accounted for, in part, by altered associative learning measured by eye-blink conditioning (EBC) paradigms, used to test for forebrain and cerebellar dysfunction across the full range of ASD severity and intellectual ability.MethodsChildren in this cohort study were diagnosed with ASD or typical development (TD); most children were recruited from a 10-year longitudinal study. Outcome measures were the percentage and timing of conditioned eye-blink responses (CRs) acquired to a tone, recorded photometrically and related to measures of ASD severity, IQ, and age 2 brain morphometry by MRI. A sequence of trace and delay EBC was used. Analysis of variance,ttest, and logistic regression (LR) were used.ResultsSixty-two children were studied at school age. Nine children with ASD with ID since age 2 (ASD + ID; IQ = 49 ± 6; 11.9 ± 0.2 years old [±SD]) learned more slowly than 30 children with TD (IQ = 120 ± 16; 10.5 ± 1.5 years old [±SD]) during trace EBC and showed atypically early-onset CRs (1.4 SD pre-TD) related to hypoplasia of the cerebellum at age 2 but not of the amygdala, hippocampus, or cerebral cortex. Conversely, 16 children with ASD with robust intellectual development since age 2 (IQ = 100 ± 3; 12.0 ± 0.4 years old [±SD]) learned typically but showed early-onset CRs only during long-delay EBC (0.8 SD pre-TD) unrelated to hypoplasia of any measured brain area. Using 16 EBC measures, binary LR classified ASD and TD with 80% accuracy (95% CI = 72–88%), 81% sensitivity (95% CI = 69–92%), and 79% specificity (95% CI = 68–91%); multinomial LR more accurately classified children based on ID (94% accuracy, 95% CI = 89–100%) than ASD severity (85% accuracy, 95% CI = 77–93%). Separate analyses of 39 children with MRI (2.1 ± 0.3 years old [±SD]) indicated that cerebellar hypoplasia did not predict ASD + ID over ages 2–4 (Cohen d = 0.3) compared with early-onset CRs during age 11 trace EBC (Cohen d = −1.3).DiscussionTrace EBC reveals the relationship between cerebellar hypoplasia and ASD + ID likely by engaging cerebrocerebellar circuits involved in intellectual ability and implicit timing. Follow-up prospective studies using associative learning can determine whether ID can be predicted in children with early ASD diagnoses.
- Published
- 2023
15. Sex differences associated with corpus callosum development in human infants: A longitudinal multimodal imaging study.
- Author
-
Astrid Schmied, Takahiro Soda, Guido Gerig, Martin Styner, Meghan R. Swanson, Jed T. Elison, Mark D. Shen, Robert C. McKinstry, John R. Pruett Jr., Kelly N. Botteron, Annette M. Estes, Stephen R. Dager, Heather Cody Hazlett, Robert T. Schultz, Joseph Piven, and Jason J. Wolff
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The prevalence and developmental course of auditory processing differences in autistic children
- Author
-
Bonnie K. Lau, Katherine A. Emmons, Adrian K.C. Lee, Jeff Munson, Stephen R. Dager, and Annette M. Estes
- Abstract
Auditory processing differences, including hyper- or hyposensitivity to sound, aversions to sound, and difficulty listening under noisy, real-world conditions, are commonly reported in autistic individuals. However, the developmental course and functional impact of these auditory processing differences are unclear. In this study, we investigate the prevalence, developmental trajectory, and functional impact of reported auditory processing differences in autistic children throughout childhood using a longitudinal study design. Auditory processing differences were measured using the Short Sensory Profile, a caregiver questionnaire, in addition to adaptive behaviors and disruptive/concerning behaviors at 3, 6, and 9 years of age. Our results showed that auditory processing differences were reported in greater than 70% of the autistic children in our sample at all three timepoints, maintained a high prevalence through 9 years of age, and were associated with increased disruptive/concerning behaviors and difficulty with adaptive behaviors. Furthermore, in our sample of children, auditory processing differences at age 3 years predicted disruptive/concerning behaviors, difficulty with adaptive behaviors, and autism symptom severity at age 9 years. These findings warrant further investigations of the potential benefit of incorporating measures of auditory processing during routine clinical evaluations as well as interventions targeting auditory processing differences in autistic children.LAY SUMMARYWe followed a cohort of autistic children longitudinally at 3, 6, and 9 years of age and found that more than 70% of the children had reported hyper- or hypo-sensitivity to sound, sound aversions, or difficulty listening in noisy environments at all three ages. These auditory processing differences were associated with increased hyperactivity and agitation, autism symptom severity, as well as difficulty with daily living skills, suggesting that auditory processing differences should be considered during routine clinical evaluations.
- Published
- 2022
17. Social motivation in infancy is associated with familial recurrence of ASD
- Author
-
Natasha Marrus, Kelly N. Botteron, Zoë Hawks, John R. Pruett, Jed T. Elison, Joshua J. Jackson, Lori Markson, Adam T. Eggebrecht, Catherine A. Burrows, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Stephen R. Dager, Annette M. Estes, Heather Cody Hazlett, Robert T. Schultz, Joseph Piven, and John N. Constantino
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology - Abstract
Pre-diagnostic deficits in social motivation are hypothesized to contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a heritable neurodevelopmental condition. We evaluated psychometric properties of a social motivation index (SMI) using parent-report item-level data from 597 participants in a prospective cohort of infant siblings at high and low familial risk for ASD. We tested whether lower SMI scores at 6, 12, and 24 months were associated with a 24-month ASD diagnosis and whether social motivation’s course differed relative to familial ASD liability. The SMI displayed good internal consistency and temporal stability. Children diagnosed with ASD displayed lower mean SMI T-scores at all ages and a decrease in mean T-scores across age. Lower group-level 6-month scores corresponded with higher familial ASD liability. Among high-risk infants, strong decline in SMI T-scores was associated with 10-fold odds of diagnosis. Infant social motivation is quantifiable by parental report, differentiates children with versus without later ASD by age 6 months, and tracks with familial ASD liability, consistent with a diagnostic and susceptibility marker of ASD. Early decrements and decline in social motivation indicate increased likelihood of ASD, highlighting social motivation’s importance to risk assessment and clarification of the ontogeny of ASD.
- Published
- 2022
18. Relations of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors to Social Skills in Toddlers with Autism
- Author
-
Pang, Chaxiong, Catherine, Burrows, Kelly N, Botteron, Stephen R, Dager, Annette M, Estes, Heather C, Hazlett, Robert T, Schultz, Lonnie, Zwaigenbaum, Joseph, Piven, Jason, Wolff, and M, Shen
- Subjects
Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Leisure time ,medicine.disease ,Developmental psychology ,Social Skills ,Interpersonal relationship ,Cognition ,Social skills ,Child, Preschool ,Social function ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Autism ,Autistic Disorder ,Stereotyped Behavior ,Psychology - Abstract
We examined the relations of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB; insistence on sameness, repetitive sensory-motor, self-injurious behavior) to social skills overall and aspects that comprise social skills as measured by the VABS-II (coping skills, play/leisure time, interpersonal relationships) in 24- (n = 63) and 36-month old (n = 35), high-familial-risk toddlers with ASD. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that repetitive sensory-motor was the best predictor of social skills overall. Secondary results indicated that all three RRB subtypes were associated with each subdomain of social skills; however, repetitive sensory-motor was the strongest and most consistent among these effects. While our results suggests a general negative relation of subtypes of RRB to aspects of adaptive social function, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors may be of particular relevance to the development of social skills during toddlerhood.
- Published
- 2021
19. Quantifying latent social motivation and its associations with joint attention and language in infants at high and low likelihood for autism spectrum disorder
- Author
-
Isabella C, Stallworthy, Daniel, Berry, Savannah, Davis, Jason J, Wolff, Catherine A, Burrows, Meghan R, Swanson, Rebecca L, Grzadzinski, Kelly, Botteron, Stephen R, Dager, Annette M, Estes, Robert T, Schultz, Joseph, Piven, Jed T, Elison, John R, Pruett, and Natasha, Marrus
- Subjects
Cognitive Neuroscience ,Developmental and Educational Psychology - Abstract
Social motivation-the psychobiological predisposition for social orienting, seeking social contact, and maintaining social interaction-manifests in early infancy and is hypothesized to be foundational for social communication development in typical and atypical populations. However, the lack of infant social-motivation measures has hindered delineation of associations between infant social motivation, other early-arising social abilities such as joint attention, and language outcomes. To investigate how infant social motivation contributes to joint attention and language, this study utilizes a mixed longitudinal sample of 741 infants at high (HL = 515) and low (LL = 226) likelihood for ASD. Using moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA), we incorporated items from parent-report measures to establish a novel latent factor model of infant social motivation that exhibits measurement invariance by age, sex, and familial ASD likelihood. We then examined developmental associations between 6- and 12-month social motivation, joint attention at 12-15 months, and language at 24 months of age. On average, greater social-motivation growth from 6-12 months was associated with greater initiating joint attention (IJA) and trend-level increases in sophistication of responding to joint attention (RJA). IJA and RJA were both positively associated with 24-month language abilities. There were no additional associations between social motivation and future language in our path model. These findings substantiate a novel, theoretically driven approach to modeling social motivation and suggest a developmental cascade through which social motivation impacts other foundational skills. These findings have implications for the timing and nature of intervention targets to support social communication development in infancy. HIGHLIGHTS: We describe a novel, theoretically based model of infant social motivation wherein multiple parent-reported indicators contribute to a unitary latent social-motivation factor. Analyses revealed social-motivation factor scores exhibited measurement invariance for a longitudinal sample of infants at high and low familial ASD likelihood. Social-motivation growth from ages 6-12 months is associated with better 12-15-month joint attention abilities, which in turn are associated with greater 24-month language skills. Findings inform timing and targets of potential interventions to support healthy social communication in the first year of life.
- Published
- 2022
20. Examining the factor structure and discriminative utility of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised in infant siblings of autistic children
- Author
-
Sooyeon, Sung, Angela, Fenoglio, Jason J, Wolff, Robert T, Schultz, Kelly N, Botteron, Stephen R, Dager, Annette M, Estes, Heather C, Hazlett, Lonnie, Zwaigenbaum, Joseph, Piven, Jed T, Elison, and H, Gu
- Subjects
Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Siblings ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Infant Behavior ,Humans ,Infant ,Female ,Autistic Disorder ,Child - Abstract
Using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised in a longitudinal sample of infant siblings of autistic children (HR; n = 427, 171 female, 83.4% White) and a comparison group of low-risk controls (LR, n = 200, 86 female, 81.5% White), collected between 2007 and 2017, this study identified an invariant factor structure of temperament traits across groups at 6 and 12 months. Second, after partitioning the groups by familial risk and diagnostic outcome at 24 months, results reveal an endophenotypic pattern of Positive Emotionality at both 6 and 12 months, (HR-autism spectrum disorder [ASD] HR-no-ASD LR). Third, increased 'Duration of Orienting' at 12 months was associated with lower scores on the 24-month developmental outcomes in HR infants. These findings may augment efforts for early identification of ASD.
- Published
- 2022
21. A Novel Method for High-Dimensional Anatomical Mapping of Extra-Axial Cerebrospinal Fluid: Application to the Infant Brain
- Author
-
Mahmoud Mostapha, Sun Hyung Kim, Alan C. Evans, Stephen R. Dager, Annette M. Estes, Robert C. McKinstry, Kelly N. Botteron, Guido Gerig, Stephen M. Pizer, Robert T. Schultz, Heather C. Hazlett, Joseph Piven, Jessica B. Girault, Mark D. Shen, and Martin A. Styner
- Subjects
Brain development ,Extra axial ,autism ,extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid ,brain development ,High dimensional ,Biology ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,EA-CSF ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Neuroimaging ,medicine ,Laplacian PDE ,Segmentation ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,structural MRI ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,neurodevelopmental disorders ,General Neuroscience ,surface analysis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cerebral cortex ,Subarachnoid space ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an essential role in early postnatal brain development. Extra-axial CSF (EA-CSF) volume, which is characterized by CSF in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain, is a promising marker in the early detection of young children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous studies have focused on global EA-CSF volume across the entire dorsal extent of the brain, and not regionally-specific EA-CSF measurements, because no tools were previously available for extracting local EA-CSF measures suitable for localized cortical surface analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the localized, cortical surface-based analysis of EA-CSF. The proposed processing framework combines probabilistic brain tissue segmentation, cortical surface reconstruction, and streamline-based local EA-CSF quantification. The quantitative analysis of local EA-CSF was applied to a dataset of typically developing infants with longitudinal MRI scans from 6 to 24 months of age. There was a high degree of consistency in the spatial patterns of local EA-CSF across age using the proposed methods. Statistical analysis of local EA-CSF revealed several novel findings: several regions of the cerebral cortex showed reductions in EA-CSF from 6 to 24 months of age, and specific regions showed higher local EA-CSF in males compared to females. These age-, sex-, and anatomically-specific patterns of local EA-CSF would not have been observed if only a global EA-CSF measure were utilized. The proposed methods are integrated into a freely available, open-source, cross-platform, user-friendly software tool, allowing neuroimaging labs to quantify local extra-axial CSF in their neuroimaging studies to investigate its role in typical and atypical brain development.
- Published
- 2020
22. Increased Extra-axial Cerebrospinal Fluid in High-Risk Infants Who Later Develop Autism
- Author
-
Jed T. Elison, Sarah Paterson, Martin Styner, Sun Hyung Kim, Annette M. Estes, Stephen R. Dager, Joseph Piven, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Guido Gerig, Alan Evans, Dennis Shaw, Robert T. Schultz, Robert W. Emerson, VS Fonov, Robert C. McKinstry, Mark D. Shen, Martin A. Styner, C. Chappell, J. Pruett, D. Shaw, Kelly N. Botteron, D.L. Collins, Alan C. Evans, Meghan R. Swanson, David G. Amaral, P. Kostopoulos, Hongbin Gu, Heather C. Hazlett, R. McKinstry, Christine Wu Nordahl, V. Fonov, G.B. Pike, J. Constantino, Samir Das, and Annette Estes
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neuroimaging ,Autism spectrum disorder ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Etiology ,Autism ,Family history ,Subarachnoid space ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
Background We previously reported that infants who developed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space (i.e., extra-axial CSF) from 6 to 24 months of age. We attempted to confirm and extend this finding in a larger independent sample. Methods A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of infants at risk for ASD was carried out on 343 infants, who underwent neuroimaging at 6, 12, and 24 months. Of these infants, 221 were at high risk for ASD because of an older sibling with ASD, and 122 were at low risk with no family history of ASD. A total of 47 infants were diagnosed with ASD at 24 months and were compared with 174 high-risk and 122 low-risk infants without ASD. Results Infants who developed ASD had significantly greater extra-axial CSF volume at 6 months compared with both comparison groups without ASD (18% greater than high-risk infants without ASD; Cohen's d = 0.54). Extra-axial CSF volume remained elevated through 24 months ( d = 0.46). Infants with more severe autism symptoms had an even greater volume of extra-axial CSF from 6 to 24 months (24% greater at 6 months, d = 0.70; 15% greater at 24 months, d = 0.70). Extra-axial CSF volume at 6 months predicted which high-risk infants would be diagnosed with ASD at 24 months with an overall accuracy of 69% and corresponding 66% sensitivity and 68% specificity, which was fully cross-validated in a separate sample. Conclusions This study confirms and extends previous findings that increased extra-axial CSF is detectable at 6 months in high-risk infants who develop ASD. Future studies will address whether this anomaly is a contributing factor to the etiology of ASD or an early risk marker for ASD.
- Published
- 2017
23. Early brain development in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder
- Author
-
Heather Cody, Hazlett, Hongbin, Gu, Brent C, Munsell, Sun Hyung, Kim, Martin, Styner, Jason J, Wolff, Jed T, Elison, Meghan R, Swanson, Hongtu, Zhu, Kelly N, Botteron, D Louis, Collins, John N, Constantino, Stephen R, Dager, Annette M, Estes, Alan C, Evans, Vladimir S, Fonov, Guido, Gerig, Penelope, Kostopoulos, Robert C, McKinstry, Juhi, Pandey, Sarah, Paterson, John R, Pruett, Robert T, Schultz, Dennis W, Shaw, Lonnie, Zwaigenbaum, Joseph, Piven, and Core H, Gu
- Subjects
Male ,Risk ,0301 basic medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Brain development ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,brain ,autism ,First year of life ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Imaging data ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuroimaging ,mental disorders ,Humans ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Social Behavior ,development ,Family Health ,neuroimaging ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Infant ,Familial risk ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Developmental trajectory ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Child, Preschool ,Autism ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Brain enlargement has been observed in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the timing of this phenomenon, and the relationship between ASD and the appearance of behavioural symptoms, are unknown. Retrospective head circumference and longitudinal brain volume studies of two-year olds followed up at four years of age have provided evidence that increased brain volume may emerge early in development. Studies of infants at high familial risk of autism can provide insight into the early development of autism and have shown that characteristic social deficits in ASD emerge during the latter part of the first and in the second year of life. These observations suggest that prospective brain-imaging studies of infants at high familial risk of ASD might identify early postnatal changes in brain volume that occur before an ASD diagnosis. In this prospective neuroimaging study of 106 infants at high familial risk of ASD and 42 low-risk infants, we show that hyperexpansion of the cortical surface area between 6 and 12 months of age precedes brain volume overgrowth observed between 12 and 24 months in 15 high-risk infants who were diagnosed with autism at 24 months. Brain volume overgrowth was linked to the emergence and severity of autistic social deficits. A deep-learning algorithm that primarily uses surface area information from magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of 6-12-month-old individuals predicted the diagnosis of autism in individual high-risk children at 24 months (with a positive predictive value of 81% and a sensitivity of 88%). These findings demonstrate that early brain changes occur during the period in which autistic behaviours are first emerging.
- Published
- 2017
24. A longitudinal study of parent-reported sensory responsiveness in toddlers at-risk for autism
- Author
-
Jason J, Wolff, Adele F, Dimian, Kelly N, Botteron, Stephen R, Dager, Jed T, Elison, Annette M, Estes, Heather C, Hazlett, Robert T, Schultz, Lonnie, Zwaigenbaum, Joseph, Piven, and H, Gu
- Subjects
Male ,Parents ,Longitudinal study ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Sensory system ,Article ,Repetitive behavior ,DSM-5 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Degree of association ,Longitudinal Studies ,05 social sciences ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Sensation Disorders ,Autism ,Female ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Atypical sensory responsivity and sensory interests are now included in the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) under the broad domain of restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB). However, relatively little is known about the emergence of sensory-related features and their relation to conventionally defined RRB in the first years of life. Methods Prospective, longitudinal parent-report data using the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) were collected for 331 high-risk toddlers (74 of whom met diagnostic criteria for ASD at age 2) and 135 low-risk controls. Longitudinal profiles for SEQ scores were compared between groups across ages 12-24 months. Associations between SEQ measures and measures of RRB subtypes (based on the Repetitive Behavior Scale, Revised) were also examined. Results Longitudinal profiles for all SEQ scores significantly differed between groups. SEQ scores were elevated for the ASD group from age 12 months, with differences becoming more pronounced across the 12-24 month interval. At both 12 and 24 months, most measures derived from the SEQ were significantly associated with all subtypes of RRB. Conclusions These findings suggest that differences in sensory responsivity may be evident in high-risk infants later diagnosed with ASD in early toddlerhood, and that the magnitude of these differences increases over the second year of life. The high degree of association between SEQ scores and RRB supports the conceptual alignment of these features but also raises questions as to explanatory mechanisms.
- Published
- 2018
25. Differences in White Matter Fiber Tract Development Present from 6 to 24 Months in Infants with Autism
- Author
-
Jason J, Wolff, Hongbin, Gu, Guido, Gerig, Jed T, Elison, Martin, Styner, Sylvain, Gouttard, Kelly N, Botteron, Stephen R, Dager, Geraldine, Dawson, Annette M, Estes, Alan C, Evans, Heather C, Hazlett, Penelope, Kostopoulos, Robert C, McKinstry, Sarah J, Paterson, Robert T, Schultz, Lonnie, Zwaigenbaum, Joseph, Piven, and F, Wright
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fiber tract ,Neuroimaging ,Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,White matter ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Autistic Disorder ,Psychiatry ,Extramural ,Cerebral white matter ,Case-control study ,Brain ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ,Case-Control Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Autism ,Anisotropy ,Female ,Psychology ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Evidence from prospective studies of high-risk infants suggests that early symptoms of autism usually emerge late in the first or early in the second year of life after a period of relatively typical development. The authors prospectively examined white matter fiber tract organization from 6 to 24 months in high-risk infants who developed autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) by 24 months.The participants were 92 high-risk infant siblings from an ongoing imaging study of autism. All participants had diffusion tensor imaging at 6 months and behavioral assessments at 24 months; a majority contributed additional imaging data at 12 and/or 24 months. At 24 months, 28 infants met criteria for ASDs and 64 infants did not. Microstructural properties of white matter fiber tracts reported to be associated with ASDs or related behaviors were characterized by fractional anisotropy and radial and axial diffusivity.The fractional anisotropy trajectories for 12 of 15 fiber tracts differed significantly between the infants who developed ASDs and those who did not. Development for most fiber tracts in the infants with ASDs was characterized by higher fractional anisotropy values at 6 months followed by slower change over time relative to infants without ASDs. Thus, by 24 months of age, those with ASDs had lower values.These results suggest that aberrant development of white matter pathways may precede the manifestation of autistic symptoms in the first year of life. Longitudinal data are critical to characterizing the dynamic age-related brain and behavior changes underlying this neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Published
- 2012
26. Accurate age classification of 6 and 12 month-old infants based on resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging data
- Author
-
John R. Pruett, Jr., Sridhar Kandala, Sarah Hoertel, Abraham Z. Snyder, Jed T. Elison, Tomoyuki Nishino, Eric Feczko, Nico U.F. Dosenbach, Binyam Nardos, Jonathan D. Power, Babatunde Adeyemo, Kelly N. Botteron, Robert C. McKinstry, Alan C. Evans, Heather C. Hazlett, Stephen R. Dager, Sarah Paterson, Robert T. Schultz, D. Louis Collins, Vladimir S. Fonov, Martin Styner, Guido Gerig, Samir Das, Penelope Kostopoulos, John N. Constantino, Annette M. Estes, Steven E. Petersen, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Joseph Piven
- Subjects
Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) ,Infant ,Development ,Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) ,Support vector machine (SVM) ,Functional brain networks ,Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,QP351-495 - Abstract
Human large-scale functional brain networks are hypothesized to undergo significant changes over development. Little is known about these functional architectural changes, particularly during the second half of the first year of life. We used multivariate pattern classification of resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) data obtained in an on-going, multi-site, longitudinal study of brain and behavioral development to explore whether fcMRI data contained information sufficient to classify infant age. Analyses carefully account for the effects of fcMRI motion artifact. Support vector machines (SVMs) classified 6 versus 12 month-old infants (128 datasets) above chance based on fcMRI data alone. Results demonstrate significant changes in measures of brain functional organization that coincide with a special period of dramatic change in infant motor, cognitive, and social development. Explorations of the most different correlations used for SVM lead to two different interpretations about functional connections that support 6 versus 12-month age categorization.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.