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Η κόπωση επηρεάζει αρνητικά την ποιότητα ζωής, ακόμη και σε κατά τα άλλα υγιή άτομα. Πρόσφατες συστηματικές ανασκοπήσεις παρέχουν έναν αληθοφανή μηχανισμό με τον οποίο εξηγούνται αυτές τις επιδράσεις. Επίσης, μια πρόσφατη μελέτη καταδεικνύει ότι ένας συνδυασμός βιταμινών, μετάλλων και εκχυλίσματος αποξηραμένης ρίζας Panax ginseng (G115®) βελτιώνει διάφορες πτυχές της κόπωσης στην καθημερινή ζωή.

A fadiga tem um impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida, mesmo em indivíduos que, de resto, sejam saudáveis. Revisões sistemáticas recentes demonstram uma plausibilidade mecanicista para estes efeitos. Além disso, um estudo recente demonstra que uma combinação de vitaminas, minerais e o extrato seco de raiz de Panax ginseng (G115®) melhora vários domínios da fadiga na vida real.

Fatigue wirkt sich negativ auf die Lebensqualität von ansonsten gesunden Personen aus. Systematische Reviews haben jetzt die Plausibilität dieser Wirkungen bestätigt. Ferner wurde in einer aktuellen Studie nachgewiesen, dass eine Kombination aus Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen und Trockenextrakt der Ginsengwurzel (Panax ginseng, G115®) im Alltag mehrere Fatigue-Bereiche verbessert.

La fatiga afecta negativamente a la calidad de vida, incluso en personas que, por lo demás, están sanas. Recientes revisiones sistemáticas muestran la plausibilidad mecanicista de estos efectos. Además, un estudio reciente demuestra que una combinación de vitaminas, minerales y extracto seco de raíz de Panax ginseng (G115®) mejora varios aspectos de la fatiga en la vida real.

Fatigue negatively impacts quality of life even in otherwise healthy individuals. Recent systematic reviews provide mechanistic plausibility for these effects. In addition, a recent study demonstrates that a combination of vitamins, minerals and Panax ginseng root dry extract (G115®) improves various domains of fatigue in real life.

Yorgunluk sağlıklı bireylerde dahi yaşam kalitesini olumsuz olarak etkiler. En güncel sistematik değerlendirmeler bu etkilerin akla yatkınlığını açıklamaktadır. Ayrıca, yakın zamanlı bir araştırma vitamin, mineral ve Panax ginseng kökünün kurutulmuş özütünden (G115®) oluşan bir kombinasyonun gerçek yaşamda yorgunluğun çeşitli alanlarını iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir.

Background: Unexplained fatigue is a common complaint. When underlying disease causes have been eliminated, lifestyle measures and supplementation can be indicated. Elaborating on clinical findings that G115®, a dry extract from the root of Panax ginseng, combined with vitamins and minerals could alleviate fatigue, this open label study aimed at assessing its effect on perceived fatigue and energy. Methods: Healthy adults self-reporting fatigue (n = 103) completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory questionnaire. They rated their perceptions of mental and physical fatigue, energy, performance, and stress at baseline and 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after a daily intake of 40 mg G115® formulated with vitamins and minerals. Results: Compared with baseline values, mean self-perception of general fatigue was reduced by −7.55 units [95% CI: −8.44; −6.66] (−41.8%, p < 0.0001) at 90 days. All assessed perception ratings (mental and physical fatigue, reduced activity and motivation, performance, and stress) were significantly and steadily improved from two weeks after supplementation up to study’s end. Overall satisfaction with the ability of the product to reduce fatigue reached 85% at Day 90. Conclusion: Daily intake with G115® extract formulated with vitamins and minerals suggests an improvement of self-perception of fatigue and energy in a fatigued adult population.

OBJECTIVES: Vitamins and minerals dietary intake recommendations rely on their role on energy-yielding metabolism, cognitive functions and fatigue relief. However, even in adult populations, reliable information on the actual dietary intake is not easily available. In this study, possible gaps between recommendation and actual intake of these micronutrients were assessed in adult European (Spain &Turkey), American (USA, Brazil & Mexico) and Asian (Vietnam) populations. It aimed to provide an overview of the risk of inadequate intake and to identify potential variations across geographic regions and genders. METHODS: In each country, information was retrieved from representative nation-wide dietary survey, government reports and Medline scientific publications. Prevalence of inadequate intake was classified as the proportion of the population group with an intake below the estimated average requirement (EAR) as follows: 75%: high risk (red). RESULTS: The risk of inadequate intake of micronutrients known for their role on physical and mental performance varied across nutrients, genders and countries (Table 1). Some common features were identified across the six countries such as a higher risk of deficiency in women compared to men and in developing vs developed countries. Certain specific risks were identified namely a high risk of inadequate folate intake in Spain, a wide geographical risk of inadequate vitamin C intake even where fruits should be easily available, and a general risk for most micronutrients in Turkey. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate dietary intakes are far from being uncommon in most countries in the selected micronutrients that are key for the energy metabolism, cognitive functions and fatigue relief. Therefore, diets and nutritional education need constant improvement worldwide, and dietary supplements could be helpful by closing the gaps between the recommended and the actual intakes. FUNDING SOURCES: This study has been sponsored by Sanofi. SUPPORTING TABLES, IMAGES AND/OR GRAPHS

Vitamins and minerals are essential to humans as they play essential roles in a variety of basic metabolic pathways that support fundamental cellular functions. In particular, their involvement in energy-yielding metabolism, DNA synthesis, oxygen transport, and neuronal functions makes them critical for brain and muscular function. These, in turn, translate into effects on cognitive and psychological processes, including mental and physical fatigue. This review is focused on B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9 and B12), vitamin C, iron, magnesium and zinc, which have recognized roles in these outcomes. It summarizes the biochemical bases and actions of these micronutrients at both the molecular and cellular levels and connects them with cognitive and psychological symptoms, as well as manifestations of fatigue that may occur when status or supplies of these micronutrients are not adequate.

The various positional isomers of oleic acid (18 : 1Δ9c or 9c-18 : 1) may have distinct biological effects. Detrimental effects of consumption of industrial trans-fatty acids (TFA) (elaidic acid; 18 : 1Δ9t) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on CVD risk factors are well documented. In addition, epidemiological data suggest that chronic consumption of industrial sources of TFA could alter insulin sensitivity and predispose for type 2 diabetes. However, intervention studies on this issue have remained inconclusive. Moreover, very little information is available on the effect of natural sources of TFA (vaccenic acid; 18 : 1Δ11t) coming from dairy products and ruminant meat on the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes. The review focuses on the impact of the consumption of ruminant TFA in relation to cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation and type 2 diabetes.

International audience; Background: The 2 major dietary sources of trans fatty acids (TFAs) are partially hydrogenated oils and ruminant-derived products. Epidemiologic data suggest that chronic consumption of industrial sources of TFAs could be damaging to insulin sensitivity, but intervention studies on this issue have remained inconclusive. Objective: The trial was designed to compare the effects of dairy compared with industrial sources of TFAs on insulin sensitivity in overweight women. Design: Sixty-three healthy women with abdominal obesity [waist circumference > 88 cm and a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) > 28] were recruited. After a run-in period, the volunteers were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 four-week diets: 60 g low-TFA lipids/d (0.54 g/d; n = 21), ruminant TFA-rich lipids (4.86 g/d; n = 21), or industrial TFA-rich lipids (5.58 g/d; n = 21). Changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity were assessed by using hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamps. Results: After the intervention period, fasting glycemia and insulinemia and insulin sensitivity were not significantly modified in either group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These data indicate that consumption of dairy- and industrial-source TFAs for 4 wk at nutritional levels do not impair peripheral insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant women. Our study may not preassess the effects of TFAs in normal insulin-sensitive individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00617435. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:88-94.

International audience; Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic consumption of trans MUFA may alter muscle insulin sensitivity. The major sources of dietary trans MUFA (dairy fat vs. industrially hydrogenated oils) have different isomeric profiles and thus probably different metabolic consequences. These effects may involve alterations in muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity, which may in turn promote insulin resistance if fatty acid oxidation is reduced. We report that in Wistar rats, an 8 week diet enriched (4% of energy intake) in either dairy, industrial, or control MUFA did not alter insulin and glucose responses to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (1g/kg). In C2C12 myotubes, vaccenic and elaidic acids did not modify insulin sensitivity compared with oleic acid. Furthermore, the ex vivo total, mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation rates of [1-(14)C]oleic, vaccenic, and elaidic acids were similar in soleus and tibialis anterior rat muscle. Finally, an 8 week diet enriched in either dairy or industrial trans MUFA did not alter mitochondrial oxidative capacity in these two muscles compared with control MUFA but did induce a specific reduction in soleus mitochondrial ATP and superoxide anion production (P

International audience; OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial activity is altered in skeletal muscle of obese, insulin-resistant or type 2 diabetic patients. We hypothesized that this situation was associated with profound adaptations in resting muscle energetics. For that purpose, we used in vivo (31)P-nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P-NMR) in male sedentary Wistar rats fed with obesogenic diets known to induce alterations in muscle mitochondrial activity. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Two experimental diets (high sucrose and high fat) were provided for 6 weeks at two levels of energy (standard, N and high, H) and compared to control diet. The rates of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) exchange between phosphocreatine (PCr) and gamma-ATP (k(a)) and beta-adenosine diphosphate (beta-ADP) to beta-ATP (k(b)) were evaluated using (31)P-NMR in resting gastrocnemius muscle. Muscle contents in phosphorylated compounds as well as creatine, were assessed using (31)P-NMR and biochemical assays, respectively. RESULTS: ATP content increased by 6.7-8.5% in standard-energy high-sucrose (NSU), high-energy high-fat (HF) and high-energy high-sucrose (HSU) groups compared to control (P < 0.05), whereas PCr content decreased by 4.2-6.4% (P < 0.01). Consequently, PCr to ATP ratio decreased in NSU, HF, and HSU groups, compared to control (P < 0.01). Furthermore in high-energy groups (HF and HSU) compared to control, creatine contents were decreased by 14-19% (P < 0.001), whereas k(a) and k(b) fluxes were increased by 89-133% (P < 0.001) and 243-277% (P < 0.01), respectively. DISCUSSION: Our in vivo data showed adaptations of resting skeletal muscle energetics in response to high-energy diets. Increased activity of enzymes catalyzing ATP production may reflect a compensatory mechanism to face impaired mitochondrial ATP synthesis in order to preserve intracellular energy homeostasis.

International audience; OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial dysfunction might predispose individuals to develop insulin resistance. Our objective was to determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction or insulin resistance was the primary event during high-fat (HF) diet. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Rats were fed an HF diet for 0, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20, or 40 days and compared with control. Soleus and tibialis muscle mitochondrial activity were assessed using permeabilized fiber technique. Insulin [area under the curve for insulin (AUC(I))] and glucose [area under the curve for glucose (AUC(G))] responses to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test as well as fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), triglyceride, and glycerol concentrations were determined. RESULTS: AUC(I) and AUC(G) were altered from Day 6 (p < 0.01 vs. Day 0). In soleus, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity was transiently enhanced by 26% after 14 days of HF diet (p < 0.05 vs. Day 0) conjointly with 62% increase in NEFA concentration (p < 0.05 vs. Day 0). This was associated with normalized AUC(G) at Day 14 and with a decline of plasma NEFA concentration together with stabilization of intra-abdominal adiposity at Day 20. Prolongation of HF diet again caused an increase in plasma NEFA concentration, intra-abdominal adiposity, AUC(I), and AUC(G). At Day 40, significant decrease in OXPHOS activity was observed in soleus. DISCUSSION: Mitochondria first adapt to overfeeding in oxidative muscle limiting excess fat deposition. This potentially contributes to maintain glucose homeostasis. Persistent overfeeding causes insulin resistance and results in a slow decline in oxidative muscle OXPHOS activity. This shows that the involvement of mitochondria in the predisposition to insulin resistance is mainly due to an inability to face prolonged excess fat delivery.