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1. Quel est le rôle des retenues collinaires pour limiter les flux de pesticides dans le paysage agricole ?

Author: Gwenaël IMFELD, Sylvain PAYRAUDEAU, Sabine SAUVAGE, Francis MACARY, Cédric CHAUMONT, Jérémie D. LEBRUN, Anne PROBST, José-Miguel SÁNCHEZ-PÉREZ, Jean-Luc PROBST, and Julien TOURNEBIZE
Subjects: retenue collinaire, bassin versant, transfert de pesticide, pollution agricole, écosystème aquatique, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Les systèmes aquatiques tels que les mares, les zones humides, les bassins d’orage, les retenues collinaires, ci-après nommées « retenues d’eau », sont des systèmes de rétention d'eau omniprésents dans les bassins versants agricoles. Ces retenues opèrent comme des réacteurs biogéochimiques naturels, contrôlant la dissipation et le transfert des contaminants agricoles, dont les pesticides, à l'échelle du bassin versant. De façon complémentaire aux mesures et aux pratiques de réduction voire d’élimination de l’utilisation des pesticides de synthèse, le projet PESTIPOND (2018-2023), financé par l’Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR), s’est intéressé au rôle des retenues dans les transferts de pesticides à l'échelle du bassin versant. Les résultats principaux sont présentés dans cet article. PESTIPOND a permis de mieux comprendre, hiérarchiser et prédire les processus qui conditionnent la dissipation des pesticides dans les retenues et comment la dissipation des pesticides dans les retenues régit le transfert de pesticides à l'échelle du bassin versant dans des conditions hydro-climatiques et des pratiques d'exploitation agricole variables. Pour intégrer les aspects multi-échelles et dynamiques de cette problématique, un cadre de modélisation tenant compte du rôle des retenues à l'échelle du bassin versant est proposé pour améliorer la prédiction du transfert de pesticides et l'évaluation des risques de transfert vers les écosystèmes aquatiques.
Published: 2023
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2. Main water pathways in cultivated clayey calcisols in molassic hills in southwestern France: Toward spatialization of soil waterlogging

Author: Benjamin Trochon, Vincent Bustillo, Laurent Caner, Sylvain Pasquet, Virginie Suc, Franck Granouillac, Anne Probst, Jean‐Luc Probst, Tiphaine Tallec, and Maritxu Guiresse
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Abstract Local waterlogging often occurs on the steep slopes of clayey–calcareous soils in southwestern France, causing nutrients and pollutants transfer to the river bodies and reduced ecosystems services. These soils developed in the Miocene molassic hill formation and are generally impermeable with abundant traces of hydromorphy and heterogenous spatial distribution. This article aims to describe the hydrological functioning of these soils, based on a cross analysis of pedological, hydrological, and geophysical characterizations. Our experimental site is the catchment area located in Auradé (southwestern France). Here, we analyze the flows at the outlet of the studied watershed together with piezometric and climatic monitoring from September 2020 to September 2021. We show that the hydrological year is divided into three phases: first, a soil recharge phase with an effective rainfall of about 100 mm; second, a saturation phase, when 80% of the effective precipitation is drained mostly by runoff and hypodermic flows; third, a drying phase. Soil waterlogging events usually occur during the saturation phase. They are due to several forms of flow: surface runoff associated with return flow, hypodermic flow caused by the presence of soil layers with lower hydraulic conductivity in the subsurface (swelling clays and plowing sole) and groundwater flow with intermittent connection of the soil water table in the hillside to the alluvial groundwater table. We also conducted independent seismic refraction tomography analyses that validate localized waterlogging patterns along the catchment and open the way to spatializing areas with high waterlogging potential at the scale of the study plot.
Published: 2023
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3. Effects of Climate and Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Early to Mid-Term Stage Litter Decomposition Across Biomes

Author: TaeOh Kwon, Hideaki Shibata, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Inger K. Schmidt, Klaus S. Larsen, Claus Beier, Björn Berg, Kris Verheyen, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Frank Hagedorn, Nico Eisenhauer, Ika Djukic, TeaComposition Network, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Jean Francois Lamarque, Adriano Caliman, Alain Paquette, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Amélie Saillard, Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández, Ana I. Sousa, Ana I. Lillebø, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Andrea Lamprecht, Andreas Bohner, André-Jean Francez, Andrey Malyshev, Andrijana Andrić, Angela Stanisci, Anita Zolles, Anna Avila, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Anne Probst, Annie Ouin, Anzar A. Khuroo, Arne Verstraeten, Artur Stefanski, Aurora Gaxiola, Bart Muys, Beatriz Gozalo, Bernd Ahrends, Bo Yang, Brigitta Erschbamer, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Casper T. Christiansen, Céline Meredieu, Cendrine Mony, Charles Nock, Chiao-Ping Wang, Christel Baum, Christian Rixen, Christine Delire, Christophe Piscart, Christopher Andrews, Corinna Rebmann, Cristina Branquinho, Dick Jan, Dirk Wundram, Dušanka Vujanović, E. Carol Adair, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Edward R. Crawford, Elena F. Tropina, Elisabeth Hornung, Elli Groner, Eric Lucot, Esperança Gacia, Esther Lévesque, Evanilde Benedito, Evgeny A. Davydov, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Fernando T. Maestre, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Florian Kitz, Florian Hofhansl, Flurin Sutter, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Franco Leadro Souza, Franz Zehetner, Fulgence Kouamé Koffi, Georg Wohlfahrt, Giacomo Certini, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Grizelle González, Guylaine Canut, Harald Pauli, Héctor A. Bahamonde, Heike Feldhaar, Heinke Jäger, Helena Cristina Serrano, Hélène Verheyden, Helge Bruelheide, Henning Meesenburg, Hermann Jungkunst, Hervé Jactel, Hiroko Kurokawa, Ian Yesilonis, Inara Melece, Inge van Halder, Inmaculada García Quirós, István Fekete, Ivika Ostonen, Jana Borovská, Javier Roales, Jawad Hasan Shoqeir, Jean-Christophe Lata, Jean-Luc Probst, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Jiri Dolezal, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Joël Merlet, John Loehr, Jonathan von Oppen, Jörg Löffler, José Luis Benito Alonso, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Josep Peñuelas, Joseph C. Morina, Juan Darío Quinde, Juan J. Jiménez, Juha M. Alatalo, Julia Seeber, Julia Kemppinen, Jutta Stadler, Kaie Kriiska, Karel Van den Meersche, Karibu Fukuzawa, Katalin Szlavecz, Katalin Juhos, Katarína Gerhátová, Kate Lajtha, Katie Jennings, Katja Tielbörger, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ken Green, Klaus Steinbauer, Laryssa Pazianoto, Laura Dienstbach, Laura Yahdjian, Laura J. Williams, Laurel Brigham, Lee Hanna, Liesbeth van den Brink, Lindsey Rustad, Lourdes Morillas, Luciana Silva Carneiro, Luciano Di Martino, Luis Villar, Luísa Alícida Fernandes Tavares, Madison Morley, Manuela Winkler, Marc Lebouvier, Marcello Tomaselli, Marcus Schaub, Maria Glushkova, Maria Guadalupe Almazan Torres, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Marijn Bauters, Marina Mazón, Mark Frenzel, Markus Wagner, Markus Didion, Maroof Hamid, Marta Lopes, Martha Apple, Martin Weih, Matej Mojses, Matteo Gualmini, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Michael Bierbaumer, Michael Danger, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Michal Růžek, Michel Isabellon, Michele Di Musciano, Michele Carbognani, Miglena Zhiyanski, Mihai Puşcaş, Milan Barna, Mioko Ataka, Miska Luoto, Mohammed H. Alsafaran, Nadia Barsoum, Naoko Tokuchi, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Nicolas Lecomte, Nina Filippova, Norbert Hölzel, Olga Ferlian, Oscar Romero, Osvaldo Pinto-Jr, Pablo Peri, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Peter Haase, Peter Macreadie, Peter B. Reich, Petr Petřík, Philippe Choler, Pierre Marmonier, Quentin Ponette, Rafael Dettogni Guariento, Rafaella Canessa, Ralf Kiese, Rebecca Hewitt, Robert Weigel, Róbert Kanka, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Romà Ogaya, Romain Georges, Rosario G. Gavilán, Sally Wittlinger, Sara Puijalon, Satoshi Suzuki, Schädler Martin, Schmidt Anja, Sébastien Gogo, Silvio Schueler, Simon Drollinger, Simone Mereu, Sonja Wipf, Stacey Trevathan-Tackett, Stefan Stoll, Stefan Löfgren, Stefan Trogisch, Steffen Seitz, Stephan Glatzel, Susanna Venn, Sylvie Dousset, Taiki Mori, Takanori Sato, Takuo Hishi, Tatsuro Nakaji, Theurillat Jean-Paul, Thierry Camboulive, Thomas Spiegelberger, Thomas Scholten, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Till Kleinebecker, Tomáš Rusňák, Tshililo Ramaswiela, Tsutom Hiura, Tsutomu Enoki, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Umberto Morra di Cella, Ute Hamer, Valentin Klaus, Valter Di Cecco, Vanessa Rego, Veronika Fontana, Veronika Piscová, Vincent Bretagnolle, Vincent Maire, Vinicius Farjalla, Vittoz Pascal, Wenjun Zhou, Wentao Luo, William Parker, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Yuji Kominami, Zsolt Kotroczó, and Zsolt Tóth
Subjects: tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, litter decomposition, carbon turnover, nitrogen deposition, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12-month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1–3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss. In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate.
Published: 2021
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4. The Strengbach Catchment: A Multidisciplinary Environmental Sentry for 30 Years

Author: Marie-Claire Pierret, Solenn Cotel, Philippe Ackerer, Emilie Beaulieu, Sylvain Benarioumlil, Marie Boucher, René Boutin, François Chabaux, Frederick Delay, Colin Fourtet, Pascal Friedmann, Bertrand Fritz, Sophie Gangloff, Jean-François Girard, Anatoly Legtchenko, Daniel Viville, Sylvain Weill, and Anne Probst
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Research activity associated with various observations at the Strengbach catchment in the Vosges Massif (880–1150 m) addresses many questions in the domains of hydrology and geochemistry. The catchment is the observation and experimental site of the Observatoire Hydro-Géochimique de l’Environnement appointed by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. It also belongs to the research facilities that form the French Network of Critical Zone Observatories (OZCAR), which supports a network of critical zone observatories. The catchment is small (0.8 km) with steep slopes (20–30%) on granitic bedrock that mainly allow for forestry (spruce and beech stands) as the main land cover. Meteorological, hydrological, and geochemical data have been monitored since 1986. The first studies conducted were dedicated to the elucidation of acid rain effects on forest ecosystems and particularly on forest decline. Multidisciplinary research studies conducted on the Strengbach catchment enable exploration of the following issues: (i) hydrological functioning at the scale of a small catchment and questions regarding the evolution and preservation of the water resources in mountainous environments (stock, recharge, infiltration, and water pathways), (ii) exchange processes observed at the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum and in particular weathering processes and the evolution of soil mineral fertility (Ca, Mg, K, P), (iii) processes responsible for the export of water and for associated fluxes (dissolved chemicals, suspended materials, bed loads) and their dynamic at the outlet, and (iv) responses of the ecosystems to environmental disturbances (acid rain, forest management, and climate change) and their current and future modeling.
Published: 2018
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5. What Can Be Learned about the Relationships between Water Discharge and Composition during Flood Events in a Forested Karstic Catchment from the Pyrenees Mountains (Southwestern France)?

Author: Francesco Ulloa-Cedamanos, Anne Probst, Vanessa Dos-Santos, and Jean-Luc Probst
Subjects: carbonate dissolution, chemical weathering, water chemistry, flood events, high frequency monitoring, hydrochemical survey, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Hydrological variations hold a significant influence over the water chemistry in the karst systems within the critical zone. In this context, the Baget Catchment (BC) was monitored at high-resolution over 2 hydrological years. The high-frequency survey at the outlet of BC displayed multiple hydrochemical patterns in response to hydrological variations, mixing water sources, and biogeochemical processes. Among the major elements, sulfate exhibited the widest relative variation during flooding and showed a significant dilution, whereas calcium and bicarbonate revealed a chemostatic behavior as a result of carbonate dissolution in the karst. Hysteretic analysis evidenced the control of different hydrological reservoirs over the stream transport processes of dissolved elements. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon increased during the hydrograph rising limb and was controlled by surface runoff. The relationships between Ca2+ and HCO3− concentrations and stream discharge exhibited hysteresis patterns with counterclockwise loops, unlike all other elements, due to the carbonate weathering by biogenic CO2-rich water. Finally, high-frequency sampling during storm events improved the understanding of the factors controlling the hydrochemical dynamic of the Baget stream water. The relative contributions of the karst and epikarst zones, of rainwater, as well as the role of different biogeochemical processes and the hydrological conditions were highlighted.
Published: 2020
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6. Pesticide Distribution in Pond Sediments from an Agricultural Catchment (Auradé, SW France)

Author: Betty Chaumet, Jean-Luc Probst, Pierre Eon, Virginie Payré-Suc, Franck Granouillac, Thierry Camboulive, David Riboul, Corinne Pautot, Marie-Josée Tavella, Benjamin Trochon, and Anne Probst
Subjects: wetland, pesticides, bottom sediments, agricultural catchment, storage, spatial distribution, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Currently, pesticides are massively used in agricultural areas end up in watercourses, as they are usually final receptacles of organic contamination. A large number of wetlands such as ponds occurred in agricultural catchments. They are dynamic and complex systems which contains different compartments like the water column, sediments and biota. The sediment compartment can store contaminants according to their physicochemical properties, but this process is continuously challenged because of settling and resuspension mechanisms. The role of the sediments regarding pesticides behavior and their fate is still poorly investigated. Our study aimed to fill this gap, particularly considering the Bassioué pond, which is located in the carbonated agricultural upper sub-catchment of the Auradé critical zone observatory (Gers, France), with a wheat/sunflower crop rotation and a steep slope enhancing erosion phenomenon. We focused on pesticide storage in the sediments which represent the main compartment due to the environmental conditions. Our current objective was to understand (i) how and where pesticides are stored in the sediments, and (ii) the relationship with the characteristics of sediments, supposed to be highly involved in the storage and degradation of pesticides. Two field campaigns were carried out to collect sediment samples within a regular quadrat from the inlet to the outlet of the pond in autumn 2019 and summer 2020 at different depth. A set of three pesticide was quantified as well as sediment texture. The results highlighted that sediment particle size distribution varied between upstream and downstream of the pond: from the finest to the coarsest; as did the spatial distribution of pesticides. This reveled that pesticides were partly controlled by their physicochemical properties: most hydrophilic pesticides had greater affinity with the finest fractions of the sediments. A difference in pesticide storage according to the depth has been observed, especially for boscalid (logKOW = 3) which was found in greater quantities in the deepest samples, with increasing coarse silt content. Finally, a seasonal effect was also observed on pesticide levels, as their presence was highly driven by firstly their uses in the catchment and secondly by the soil erosion occurring during intense spring flood events. This work provides new knowledge on the role of ponds in pesticide storage, dissipation and transfer downstream, which can·be used for agricultural landscape management.
Published: 2020
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7. Contamination Intensity and Origin of Trace Metals in the Bottom Sediments from the Sebou Basin (NW Morocco)

Author: Sara El Mrissani, Souad Haida, Jean-Luc Probst, and Anne Probst
Subjects: sediments, trace metals, Sebou basin, contamination, controlling factors, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Due to increasing anthropogenic activities, trace metals (TM) remain a major concern particularly in semi-arid countries with limited water resources. In this context, the present study aims to understand the geochemistry of trace metals in bottom sediments from the Sebou basin, representing 1/3 of the surface water resources of Morocco. Total concentrations of trace metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and some physicochemical parameters were measured in the fraction < 63 µm. The order of abundance of the elements was Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Co > As > Cd. The enrichment factor calculation showed that 70% of the samples were naturally concentrated in trace metals, especially As and Ni, as well as Cd and Pb, except at some stations. On the contrary, the most enriched elements were Cr, Zn, and Cu. Chromium presented an enrichment higher than 5 and toxicity risks at some stations, such as the downstream Fez city known for its important tannery activities. A multivariate analysis of the data evidenced the strong link between the identified natural elements (As, Co, Ni) with clays and Fe and Al oxides, whereas elements (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn) mainly derived from anthropogenic activities (industrial and domestic waste, agricultural inputs) were linked to phosphorus and, to a lesser extent, particulate organic carbon.
Published: 2020
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8. Extracting Soil Water Holding Capacity Parameters of a Distributed Agro-Hydrological Model from High Resolution Optical Satellite Observations Series

Author: Sylvain Ferrant, Vincent Bustillo, Enguerrand Burel, Jordy Salmon-Monviola, Martin Claverie, Nathalie Jarosz, Tiangang Yin, Vincent Rivalland, Gérard Dedieu, Valerie Demarez, Eric Ceschia, Anne Probst, Ahmad Al-Bitar, Yann Kerr, Jean-Luc Probst, Patrick Durand, and Simon Gascoin
Subjects: nitrate contamination, nitrogen excess, agro-hydrological model, spatial calibration, soil water holding capacity, leaf area index, Formosat-2 time series, Sentinel-2 type time series, Science
Abstract: Sentinel-2 (S2) earth observation satellite mission, launched in 2015, is foreseen to promote within-field decisions in Precision Agriculture (PA) for both: (1) optimizing crop production; and (2) regulating environmental impacts. In this second scope, a set of Leaf Area Index (LAI) derived from S2 type time-series (2006–2010, using Formosat-2 satellite) is used to spatially constrain the within-field crop growth and the related nitrogen contamination of surface water simulated at a small experimental catchment scale with the distributed agro-hydrological model Topography Nitrogen Transfer and Transformation (TNT2). The Soil Water Holding Capacity (SWHC), represented by two parameters, soil depth and retention porosity, is used to fit the yearly maximum of LAI (LAX) at each pixel of the satellite image. Possible combinations of soil parameters, defining 154 realistic SWHC found on the study site are used to force spatially homogeneous SWHC. LAX simulated at the pixel level for the 154 SWHC, for each of the five years of the study period, are recorded and hereafter referred to as synthetic LAX. Optimal SWHCyear_I,pixel_j, corresponding to minimal difference between observed and synthetic LAXyear_I,pixel_j, is selected for each pixel, independent of the value at neighboring pixels. Each re-estimated soil maps are used to re-simulate LAXyear_I. Results show that simulated and synthetic LAXyear_I,allpixels obtained from SWHCyear_I,allpixels are close and accurately fit the observed LAXyear_I,allpixels (RMSE = 0.05 m2/m2 to 0.2 and R2 = 0.99 to 0.94), except for the year 2008 (RMSE = 0.8 m2/m2 and R2 = 0.8). These results show that optimal SWHC can be derived from remote sensing series for one year. Unique SWHC solutions for each pixel that limit the LAX error for the five years to less than 0.2 m2/m2 are found for only 10% of the pixels. Selection of unique soil parameters using multi-year LAX and neighborhood solution is expected to deliver more robust soil parameters solutions and need to be assessed further. The use of optical remote sensing series is then a promising calibration step to represent crop growth within crop field at catchment level. Nevertheless, this study discusses the model and data improvements that are needed to get realistic spatial representation of agro-hydrological processes simulated within catchments.
Published: 2016
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9. La carte de végétation du CNRS à l'ère du numérique

Author: Sophie Leguédois, Jean-Paul Party, Jean-Luc Dupouey, Thierry Gauquelin, Jean-Claude Gégout, Caroline Lecareux, Vincent Badeau, and Anne Probst
Subjects: GIS, vegetation, database, numerical mapping, vegetation series, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract: In this paper we present the digitalisation of the map of the vegetation of France edited by the CNRS in 64 sheets between 1947 and 1991. The geographical covers and the databases built during this work are gathered in a geographical database called “Base de Données Géographique de la VÉGétation de la France” (BDGveg_FR). The main covers show respectively the vegetation succession stages, as a georeferenced scan, at 1/200,000, and the harmonised map of the potential vegetation, in a vector format, at 1/1,000,000. The harmonised map of the potential vegetation is linked with a national 6-level typology synthesised from the keys of the 64 sheets. Possible uses of the BDGveg_FR are shown with some examples on the determination of the factors of vegetation distribution (altitude, geology, soil and climate) by intersecting it with others sources of geographical data (digital elevation model, vector covers at 1/1,000,000 of soil and geology). The BDGveg_FR is actually complementary to the other databases on the vegetation of France presently available thanks to its period of time, its local and national scales, its exhaustive cover and its information on the plant associations. It can be used to assess the impact of global changes (e.g. climate, atmospheric pollution) on ecosystems.
Published: 2011
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10. Une réingénierie aide-soignante aux deux visages

Author: Anne Probst and Rémi Adam
Subjects: Health Policy, General Nursing
Published: 2022
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11. Do pesticides degrade in surface water receiving runoff from agricultural catchments? Combining passive samplers (POCIS) and compound-specific isotope analysis

Author: Tetyana Gilevska, Jérémy Masbou, Baptiste Baumlin, Betty Chaumet, Cedric Chaumont, Sylvain Payraudeau, Julien Tournebize, Anne Probst, Jean Luc Probst, Gwenaël Imfeld, Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), PESTIPOND - ANR-18-CE32-0007, and ANR-18-CE32-0007,PESTIPOND,Rôle des retenues d'eau artificielles et naturelles dans le transfert et l'impact des pesticides dans les eaux de surface de la zone critique en milieu agricole(2018)
Subjects: Carbon Isotopes, Environmental Engineering, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Isotope analysis, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Water, Surface water, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Pollution, Agricultural catchments, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Passive samplers, Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Organic Chemicals, Pesticides, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Pesticides lead to surface water pollution and ecotoxicological effects on aquatic biota. Novel strategies are required to evaluate the contribution of degradation to the overall pesticide dissipation in surface waters. Here, we combined polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) with compound-speciﬁc isotope analysis (CSIA) to trace in situ pes-ticide degradation in artiﬁcial ponds and agricultural streams. The application of pesticide CSIA to surface waters is cur-rently restricted due to environmental concentrations in the low μg.L−1 range, requiring processing of large water volumes. A series of laboratory experiments showed that POCIS enables preconcentration and accurate recording of the carbon isotope signatures (δ13C) of common pesticides under simulated surface water conditions and for various sce-narios. Commercial and in-house POCIS did not signiﬁcantly (Δδ13C < 1 %) change the δ13C of pesticides during uptake, extraction, and δ13C measurements of pesticides, independently of the pesticide concentrations (1–10 μg.L−1)orthe ﬂow speeds(6or14cm.s−1). However, simulated rainfall events of pesticide runoff affected the δ13C of pesticidesinPOCIS. In-house POCIS coupled with CSIA of pesticides were also tested under different ﬁeld conditions, including three ﬂow-through and off-stream ponds and one stream receiving pesticides from agricultural catchments. The POCIS-CSIA method enabled to determine whether degradation of S-metolachlor and dimethomorph mainly occurred in agricultural soil or surface waters. Comparison of δ13C of S-metolachlor in POCIS deployed in a stream with δ13C of S-metolachlor in com-mercial formulations suggested runoff of fresh S-metolachlor in the midstream sampling site, which was not recorded in grab samples. Altogether, our study highlights that the POCIS-CSIA approach represents a unique opportunity to evaluate the contribution of degradation to the overall dissipation of pesticides in surface waters.
Published: 2022
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12. Interactive effects of metals and carbon nanotubes in a microcosm agrosystem

Author: Mathieu, Leroy, Benjamin, Pey, Vincent E J, Jassey, Clarisse, Liné, Arnaud, Elger, Anne, Probst, Emmanuel, Flahaut, Jérôme, Silvestre, Camille, Larue, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Matériaux, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Soil, Animals, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Oligochaeta, multiple stress, Waste Management and Disposal, Risk assessment, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, Toxicity, Nanotubes, Carbon, risk assessment, toxicity, Multiple stress, Pollution, Transfer, cocktail contaminants, Metals, Cocktail contaminants, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, transfer
Abstract: International audience; Agricultural soils are exposed to multiple contaminants through the use of agrochemicals or sewage sludge, introducing metals, nanomaterials and others. Among nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known for their large surface area and adsorption capabilities, possibly modifying other element behavior. However, to date, very little is known about the impacts of such interactions in agrosystems. In this study, we aimed at understanding the transfer and toxicity of contaminants (Cd, Pb, Zn and CNTs) in microcosms including native soil bacteria, earthworms and lettuce. After a 6 week exposure, no effect of the addition of CNTs to metal contaminated soils was detected on bacterial concentration or earthworm growth. However, in lettuce, an interactive effect between CNTs and metals was highlighted: in the soil containing the highest metal concentrations the addition of 0.1 mg kg−1 CNTs led to a biomass loss (−22%) and a flavonoid concentration increase (+27%). In parallel, the addition of CNTs led to differential impacts on elemental uptake in lettuce leaves possibly related to the soil organic matter content. For earthworms, the addition of 10 mg kg−1 CNTs resulted in an increased body elemental transfer in the soil with the higher organic matter content (Pb: + 34% and Zn: + 25%).
Published: 2022
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13. Main Water Pathways in Cultivated Clayey Calcisols in Molassic Hills of Southwestern France: Towards the Spatialization of Soils Waterlogging and N2o Hot Spot Emissions

Author: B. Trochon, V. Bustillo, T. Tallec, Laurent Caner, V. Suc, F. Granouillac, Anne Probst, S. Pasquet, Jean-Luc Probst, and Maritxu Guiresse
Published: 2022
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14. The Adour-Garonne basin

Author: Sabine Sauvage, Alain Dauta, Francis Dauba, Doriane Destrieux, Henri Etcheber, Thibaut Feret, Puy Lim, Régis Cereghino, François Delmas, Magali Gerino, Paul Gonthier, Anne Probst, Jean-Pierre Rebillard, Alexandra Coynel, Alain Dutartre, Jean Joachim, José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez, Eric Tabacchi, and Philippe Vervier
Published: 2022
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15. Contributors

Author: Knut Ola Aamodt, Skuja Agnija, Briede Agrita, Nuray (Emir) Akbulut, Aydın Akbulut, Margarita Alexevnina, Hans E. Andersen, Nikolas A. Arnaut, Sophie Ayrault, Mikhail Baklanov, Carole Barthélemy, Jürgen Bäthe, Christian Baumgartner, Serdar Bayarı, Horst Behrendt, Jean-Nicolas Beisel, Vitali V. Bekh, François Bertrand, Gilles Billen, Thomas Bittl, Hélène Blanchoud, Jürg Bloesch, Jim Bogen, Alberto Borges, Elena Borovikova, Jean-Paul Bravard, Vanessa Bremerich, John E. Brittain, Sturla Brørs, Catherine Carré, Georges Carrel, Emmanuel Castella, Dubravka Čerba, Régis Cereghino, Grigory Chuiko, F. Comiti, Alexandra Coynel, Béla Csányi, Francis Dauba, Alain Dauta, Grigore Davideanu, François Delmas, Ghislain de Marsily, Jean-Pierre Descy, Doriane Destrieux, Martin Dokulil, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Alain Dutartre, Svetlana Dvinskikh, Jon Arne Eie, Parele Elga, Arturo Elosegi, Tatiana V. Eremkina, Henri Etcheber, null Euvgeny, Etienne Everbecq, Per Einar Faugli, Maria Joao Feio, Thibaut Feret, Helmut Fischer, Nicolas Flipo, Mathieu Floury, Georg Frank, Nikolai Friberg, Aleksandra Gancarczyk, Josette Garnier, Johnny Gasperi, Yury Gerasimov, Magali Gerino, Gavrilova Ģertrūde, Chris N. Gibbins, Stankūnavičius Gintautas, Gísli M. Gíslason, Rosa Gómez, Paul Gonthier, Manuel A.S. Graça, Iulia Grecu, Cecile Grosbois, B. Gumiero, Sprinǵe Gunta, Justyna Hachoł, Svein Haugland, Thomas Hein, Alan G. Hildrew, Carl.C. Hoffmann, Nils Arne Hvidsten, Kokorīte Ilga, Anna Istomina, Druvietis Ivars, Sonja C. Jähnig, Arne J. Jensen, Jean Joachim, Celia Joaquim-Justo, Dmitry Karabanov, Ioannis Karaouzas, Viktor M. Katolikov, Patrick Kestemont, Alexander Kitaev, Sergey. K. Kochanov, Alexander V. Kokovkin, Ludmila Korneva, Vladimír Kováč, Brian Kronvang, Leonid A. Kudersky, Vyacheslav V. Kuzovlev, Jan Henning L'Abée-Lund, Thibault Lambert, Nicolas Lamouroux, Adrien Latli, Valentina Lazareva, Maria Leitao, Laurence Lestel, Rob S.E.W. Leuven, Boris Levin, Puy Lim, Alexander Litvinov, Nataliya S. Loboda, Zalewski Maciej, B. Maiolini, Florian Malard, Iain A. Malcolm, Łapińska Małgorzata, Björn Malmqvist, Melnik Maria, Schletterer Martin, Kjetil Melvold, Michel Meybeck, Tibor Mikuska, Camille Minaudo, Natalya Mineeva, Florentina Moatar, Cédric Morana, F. Moroni, Jean-Marie Mouchel, Isabel Muñoz, Timo Muotka, Iulian Nichersu, Christer Nilsson, Victor Noskov, Franciszek Nowacki, Alexander Okhapkin, Jón S. Ólafsson, Jean-Michel Olivier, Naciye Nur Özyurt, Karin Pall, Vladimir Papchenkov, Isabel Pardo, Momir Paunović, Morten L. Pedersen, Svetlana Perova, Vegard Pettersen, Hervé Piégay, Lise-Marie Pigneur, Vasily I. Ponomarev, Carmen Postolache, Elena Presnova, Anne Probst, Ekaterina Pryanichnikova, Martin Pusch, Maja Raković, Jean-Pierre Rebillard, Skorupskas Ričardas, Gaumiga Ritma, Christopher T. Robinson, Stéphane Rodrigues, Fleur Roland, Anna M. Romaní, Sergi Sabater, Yalcın Sahin, Svein Jakob Saltveit, José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez, Leonard Sandin, Cristina Sandu, Sabine Sauvage, Martin Schletterer, Laurent Schmitt, Martin Schneider-Jacoby, Franz Schöll, Matthias Scholten, Elena Seletkova, Pierre Servais, Grigory Shcherbina, Oleksandra O. Shumilova, Galina Shurganova, Boris G. Skakalsky, Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis, Nike Sommerwerk, Yves Souchon, Chris Soulsby, Katharina Stefke, Sonja Stendera, Angelina S. Stenina, Irina Stepanova, Alexander N. Sukhodolov, Lars M. Svendsen, Eric Tabacchi, Evelyne Tales, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Henn Timm, Klement Tockner, Ion Toderaş, Diego Tonolla, Alexander Tsvetkov, Urs Uehlinger, Laurent¸ia Ungureanu, Marin A. Usatii, Philippe Usseglio-Polatera, Gerard Van der Velde, Gisèle Verniers, Philippe Vervier, Irina Voroshilova, Karl Mathias Wantzen, Ewa Wnuk-Gławdel, Christian Wolter, Margarita I. Yarushina, Christiane Zarfl, null Zinov'ev, and Stamatis Zogaris
Published: 2022
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16. Modification of the composition of dissolved organic matter during rain events; in search of genericity

Author: Laurent Jeanneau, Ophélie Fovet, Mikael Faucheux, Gerard Gruau, Marie-Claire Pierret, Solenn Cotel, Jérôme Molenat, Manon Lagacherie, Céline Dessert, Anne Probst, Marine Liotaud, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Abstract: International audience; The biogeochemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is of main importance towards major societal issues such as biodiversity, climate change and water quality. Throughout surface hydrosystems, headwater catchments are the main contributors of the export of DOM with a specific emphasis on rain events that represent up to 80% of the annual export of DOM. This high proportion is not only due to the increase in discharge but also to an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In the same time the composition of DOM has been shown to change during rain events with an increase in the aromaticity and also a modification of the composition of lignins, with the export of less biodegraded lignins with implications on the biodegradability of DOM. However this modification of the composition of lignins has been observed in only three catchments, which ask the question of its genericity? In order to answer this question, river waters were sampled in five French catchments from the OZCAR research infrastructure in base flow conditions and during rain events (Naizin, Strengbach, Roujan, Montoussé and Capesterre catchments). These catchments cover a range of climates: temperate oceanic, temperate continental, mediterranean and tropical. The concentrations of DOC were quantified and river waters were freeze-dried in order to isolate colloidal and dissolved substances (< 0.7 μm). The molecular composition of DOM was investigated by thermochemolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry that allows the simultaneous investigation of different classes of organic biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lignins, phospholipid fatty acids, cutin and suberin. These analyses were performed with an internal standard to make them semi- quantitative. First the sum of the concentrations of target compounds was correlated to the concentration of DOC, which highlights the fact that this set of molecules, although it is not exhaustive, is representative of the DOM compartment and can be used to investigate the fate of DOM at the soil-stream interface during rain events. Then the distribution of target compounds can differentiate aromatic compounds. Their proportion increased in the five catchments for all rain events, which is in line with the increase of aromaticity that is observed in other catchments throughout the worlds. This combination of previous and present observations seems to indicate that the increase in the aromaticity of DOM during rain events is generic. Moreover the magnitude of the increase and the absolute final values were catchment and event dependants. Finally the composition of lignins was modified in all catchments during rain events with the exception of the tropical catchment (Capesterre) and the snow event at the Strengbach catchment. Similarly to the proportion of the proportion of aromatic compounds the magnitude of the increase and the extreme values were catchment and event dependants. Rain events represent an hot moment for the export of less biodegraded lignins at the soil-stream interface, which may impact its fate in the hydrosystems and the export of micropollutants.
Published: 2021

17. Chemical weathering and CO2 consumption in a multi-lithological karstic critical zone: Long term hydrochemical trends and isotopic survey

Author: Anne Probst, F. Ulloa-Cedamanos, Jean-Luc Probst, Issam Moussa, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service National d'Observation sur le KARST (SNO Karst), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (ZA PYGAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Observatoires de la zone critique - OZCAR (FRANCE)
Subjects: Seasonal patterns, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Weathering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, δ13CDIC and δ34SSO4, Karst, Mixing diagrams, Long-term hydrochemical survey, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Mountainous forested catchment, Isotopic signature, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Carbonate dissolution, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, Carbonic acid, Ecologie, Environnement, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Geology, 15. Life on land, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Carbonate, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface runoff
Abstract: The chemical weathering (CW) of rocks at the Earth's surface plays a key role in the global carbon cycle along multiple pathways. Although karst systems are hotspot carbonated areas, they are not always monolithological. It is therefore challenging to estimate the CW of these complex areas. The interannual, seasonal, and spatial variations of CW rates and CO2 consumption were investigated using a long-term hydrogeochemical database (1994–2019) from a mountainous karstic catchment in southwestern France (Baget Catchment). A geochemical and isotopic spatial sampling allowed the identification of the main mineral or lithological sources in the catchment, which controlled the water chemistry. The CW budget showed that the (Ca2+ + Mg2+) fluxes originated from carbonate dissolution (1.14 mol·m−2·yr−1 equivalent to 74%) and silicate weathering (18%) by carbonic acid solutions. Gypsum dissolution and carbonate weathering by sulphuric acid from pyrite oxidation contribute equally to 4%, although the former accounts for 66% of the dissolved sulphate fluxes. During a summer sampling survey, an innovative sulphur isotopic approach based on δ34SSO4, allowed us to demonstrate that the ore-nature sulphuric acid drove 9.0% of total carbonate dissolution and represented only 16.8% of the dissolved sulphate stream fluxes. Hydrological conditions, temperature, vegetation, the epikarst (quasi-permanent shallow and discontinuous saturated layer under the soil), and the water dynamics were the key factors influencing the inter-annual and inter-seasonal variations of the CW rates and CO2 consumption. In addition, the carbon isotopic signature evidenced geochemical processes such as CO2 outgassing and calcite precipitation processes. The latter could remove up to 74% of HCO3− from streamwaters, depending on the hydrological conditions at the outlet between 2016 and 2019. Finally, this study highlights that CW rates and CO2 consumption may vary over inter-annual and inter-seasonal scales, and spatially even for a small catchment. Furthermore, the global CO2 consumption appears to be mainly driven by the runoff intensity in karst hydrosystems, where carbonate dissolution was found to consume 71% of the total weathering CO2 uptake.
Published: 2021
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18. Why comparison between different chemical extraction procedures is necessary to better assess the metals availability in sediments

Author: Lydia Leleyter, Gaël Le Roux, Anne Probst, Laurent Pourcelot, Alicia Cuvier, Mélanie Lemoine, Fabienne Baraud, Jean-Luc Probst, Jonathan Prunier, M. Reinert, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'étude et d'expertise sur la radioactivité de l'environnement [Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance] (PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (ABTE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'étude et d'expertise sur la radioactivité de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN), Service d'expertise et d'étude en radioprotection des populations et de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire - IRSN (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Normandie Université (FRANCE), and Géosciences Environnement Toulouse - GET (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Trace elements, Environmental availability, Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Géochimie, Sediment, Fraction (chemistry), 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chemical extractions, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Economic Geology, Leaching (metallurgy), Dissolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Single and sequential extractions are current and useful tools for estimating the availability of metals in soils or sediments. Many chemical extraction procedures have been proposed in the literature, making the comparison difficult. This study compares the data consistency of the potential availability given by four chemical extractions commonly found in the literature:➢two single procedures (using dilute HCl or EDTA as reactant)➢two sequential procedures (the modified standardized 3-steps procedure of the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (SMTP), namely BCR-extraction, and the 7-steps procedure of Leleyter and Probst (1999), namely LP-extraction).The leaching procedures are all performed on the reference lake sediment CRM BCR-701, used as a reference to assess the accuracy of the modified standardized procedure of Rauret et al. (1999). The results show similar availabilities between HCl and EDTA single leaches for Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb and between HCl and the BCR procedures for Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni. The LP-extraction is the most aggressive of the four tested procedures (except for Pb extraction), mainly due to a better extraction of the exchangeable fraction, by a better dissolution of the acido-soluble phase and particularly to a better dissolution of the amorphous and crystalline Fe-oxides. The comparison between the four procedures reveals a major problem of Pb extraction, potentially due to the formation of lead precipitates during HCl and the LP-extractions, even if an overestimation of the lead availability by the BCR procedure cannot be excluded.
Published: 2021
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19. Reduction of stream nitrate concentrations by land management in contrasted landscapes

Author: Laurène Casal, Nouraya Akkal-Corfini, Jordy Salmon-Monviola, Anne Probst, Patrick Durand, Cyril Benhamou, Françoise Vertès, Sylvain Ferrant, François Laurent, Jean-Luc Probst, AgroParisTech (FRANCE), Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal (FRANCE), Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère - CESBIO (Toulouse, France), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency (ESCAPADE project in AGROBIOSPHERE program) : ANR-12-AGRO-0003 Agence de l'Eau Adour Garonne (BAG'AGES project, MOSAIC project of the AGROBIOSPHERE program : ANR-12-AGRO-0005, Arvalis, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: Riparian zone, Riparian buffer, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Land management, Soil Science, Context (language use), [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, Best management practice, Catchment, 01 natural sciences, Mitigation scenario, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Nitrate, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Nitrogen cycle, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Water Framework Directive, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Groundwater, Distributed model, Nitrogen cycling
Abstract: International audience; Optimizing management practices at the plot scale is sometimes not sufficient to reach water framework directive objectives for nitrate pollution. Land management measures involving targeted setting aside of croplands is a promising solution, but its efficiency depends on the local context. We used a distributed agro-hydrological model to compare management interventions intended to decrease vertical and lateral nitrate leaching from soil to groundwater and stream water in two contrasted agricultural catchments. The simulated scenarios combined two strategies: optimization of agricultural practices and land-use conversion from agricultural to natural land at different locations within the catchments. Long- term climate, discharge, and nitrate concentrations have been monitored for the two catchments and agricultural practices are well known over the 13-year simulation period (2002-2015). The Kervidy-Naizin site (KN) is subject to intense livestock pressure with mean nitrogen inputs of 257 kg ha(-1) year while the Aurade site (AU) is primarily cereal cultivation with nitrogen inputs of 109 kg ha(-1) year(-1). The results highlight a large nitrogen legacy in KN, resulting in a progressive and long lived (> 10 years) response to changes in management, while in AU, this response is perceptible after only 5-7 years. For both catchments, the most effective scenario involves wide riparian buffer strips in interception position covering about 15% of the catchment area. In KN, this land conversion scenario, simulated with the agro-hydrological model TNT2, created a decrease of nitrate concentration in stream water by 25% versus 15% in AU. Contrastingly, the implementation of best management practices decreased stream nitrate concentration only by 9% for KN and 4% for AU.
Published: 2019
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20. Dynamics of the seagrass Zostera noltei in a shallow Mediterranean lagoon exposed to chemical contamination and other stressors

Author: Noël J. Diepens, Patrick Grillas, Yves Chérain, Anne Probst, Olivier Boutron, Jérôme Silvestre, Evelyne Buffan-Dubau, Diane Espel, Eric Coulet, Arnaud Elger, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Sciences [Wageningen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, National Nature Reserve of Camargue, National Society for Nature Protection (SNPN), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollution, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Aquatic plant, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, education, Multiple stressors, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, education.field_of_study, Zostera noltei, Seagrass dynamics, biology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Chemical contaminants, Contamination, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, biology.organism_classification, Coastal lagoon, 6. Clean water, Macrophyte, Seagrass, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eutrophication
Abstract: International audience; Seagrass decline due to a variety of stressors has been observed worldwide. In the shallow Vaccarès lagoon, Camargue, France, the dominant macrophyte species, Zostera noltei, has suffered two major declines since 1996. The first decline was well explained by salinity and turbidity variations, while the second one could not be explained by these parameters. Other stressors such as chemical contamination, eutrophication or temperature increase could be explanatory variables for this most recent decline. The aim of our study was to understand, via scientific monitoring from 2011 to 2015, the influence of chemical contamination and its possible interactions with other biological and environmental pressures, on seagrass physiology and population dynamics in the Vaccarès lagoon. Multi-contamination by organic contaminants and trace metals was detected in the water and sediments, and their concentrations often exceeded environmental standards, particularly where seagrass regression was observed. Spatial variations in biological, environmental and chemical parameters in the lagoon were investigated by co-inertia analysis, which revealed significant relationships between environmental data, more particularly between contaminants, seagrass dynamics indices and biomarkers. Seagrass dynamics indices were negatively correlated with the concentrations of some herbicides in water (2,4-MCPA and bentazon) and with trace metals in sediments (arsenic). Rhizome starch contents in winter were negatively correlated with those herbicides and with several metals (arsenic, zinc, copper) in water and/or sediments. These results suggest that environmental contamination may play a role in seagrass decline. However, complementary investigations, such as monitoring over longer periods and additional toxicity tests, are required to address the causal link between contamination and seagrass decline.
Published: 2019
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21. Spatial variation of denitrification and key controlling factors in streams and ponds sediments from a critical zone (southwestern France)

Author: Anne Probst, M Barret, Thierry Camboulive, Franck Granouillac, Virginie Payre-Suc, X Wu, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: N2O flux, Denitrification, STREAMS, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sediments, chemistry.chemical_compound, PDR, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Nitrate, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, Hydrology, Discharge, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Sediment, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Constructed pond, Water quality, chemistry, Agricultural catchment, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Spatial variability, NO3- Contamination, Denitrifiers
Abstract: International audience; Numerous ponds were constructed along streams for local water supply in agricultural areas of southwestern France. Although the water quality of streams and ponds has been surveyed for nitrate (NO 3 −), the role of ponds in NO 3 − mitigation at a catchment scale has rarely been investigated. Since denitrification in sediments is a key NO 3 − pathway, the denitrification variability in stream and pond sediments and its controlling factors, particularly the pond position and characteristics are important aspects to investigate. Potential denitrification rate (PDR), physico-chemical factors, and denitrification functional genes were quantified in sediments from nine ponds located in three adjacent agricultural catchments in spring period. PDR showed a great spatial variation (both horizontal and vertical) and was mainly driven by the availability of water NO 3 − and sediment organic carbon. Stream discharge and pond hydraulic retention time can also affect PDR in stream and pond sediments, respectively. Although high PDR was observed in stream sediments, stream discharge diluted NO 3 − and can indirectly lower PDR downstream. The function of denitrifiers was revealed by the abundance ratio of nirK/16S rRNA, but no significant relationship was found between PDR and abundance of functional genes. N 2 O emission rate was positively related to PDR, which should be aware of in the upstream PDR hotspot ponds. Simple empirical models based on pond and sediment characteristics were good predictors of PDR, which could also help a better management of ponds by policy makers with the aim to improve NO 3 − mitigation and water quality.
Published: 2021
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22. Implication of Landscape Evolution Since the Middle of the 20th Century for Soil Pco2 and Stream Water Chemistry in a Karst Catchment (Pyrenees, Sw France)

Author: Francesco Ulloa Cedamanos, Jean-Luc Probst, Claire Marais-Sicre, Eva Vrech, Eric Maire, and Anne Probst
Published: 2021
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23. Extensive Estimate of Nitrogen Budget and Critical Loads at the Scale of a Semi-Arid Tropical Grazed Site (Dahra, Senegal)

Author: Claire Delon, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Blandine Barret, Ousmane Ndiaye, Dominique Serça, Frédéric Guérin, Eric Gardrat, Eric Mougin, Yélognissè F. Agbohessou, Anne Probst, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 050208 finance, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 05 social sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 0502 economics and business, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, 050207 economics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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24. Impact of air pollution on terrestrial ecosystems

Author: Maria Kanakidou, Maria Sfakianaki, Anne PROBST, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge on the impacts of air pollution on terrestrial vegetation in general and in the Mediterranean region in particular. These impacts occur either indirectly through changes in the physical state of the atmosphere, such as increase in the temperature (caused by greenhouse gases), and in the diffuse radiation (caused by aerosols) that reaches vegetation, or directly through phytotoxicity resulting from ozone, sulfur, nitrogen and other pollutants stomatal and non-stomatal uptake by the plants, nutrient balance modification by atmospheric deposition, transfer of plant diseases by aerosols, and pollution by persistent pollutants and metals. These impacts are summarized and plant physiological responses and deposition mode of action in excess of critical nutrient levels are presented and discussed.
Published: 2021

25. The Role of Ponds in Pesticide Dissipation at the Agricultural Catchment Scale: A Critical Review

Author: Cédric Chaumont, Gwenaël Imfeld, José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez, Jean-Luc Probst, Julien Tournebize, Tetyana Gilevska, Aya Bahi, Anne Probst, Sylvain Payraudeau, Sabine Sauvage, Hugues Alexandre, Betty Chaumet, Francis Macary, Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Observatoires de la zone critique - OZCAR (FRANCE), Environnement, territoires et infrastructures (UR ETBX), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg - ENGEES (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE (FRANCE), Université Paris-Saclay (FRANCE), Université de Strasbourg - UNISTRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and ANR-18-CE32-0007,PESTIPOND,Rôle des retenues d'eau artificielles et naturelles dans le transfert et l'impact des pesticides dans les eaux de surface de la zone critique en milieu agricole(2018)
Subjects: Underpinning, Biogeochemical processes, Geography, Planning and Development, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Catchment scale, 020701 environmental engineering, Ponds, TD201-500, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Pesticide transport, Ecologie, Environnement, Agricultural catchment, Agro-ecological modelling, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, business.industry, Scale (chemistry), Hydraulic engineering, 15. Life on land, Pesticide, Dissipation, 6. Clean water, Pesticide transformation and dissipation, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Environmental science, Spatial prediction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water resource management, business, TC1-978, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: International audience; Ponds in agricultural areas are ubiquitous water retention systems acting as reactive biogeochemicalhotspots controlling pesticide dissipation and transfer at the catchment scale. Several issues need to be addressed in order to understand, follow-up and predict the role of ponds in limiting pesticide transfer at the catchment scale. In this review, we present a critical overview of functional processes underpinning pesticide dissipation in ponds. We highlight the need to distinguish degradative and non-degradative processes and to understand the role of the sediment-water interfacein pesticide dissipation. Yet it is not well-established how pesticide dissipation in ponds governs the pesticide transfer at the catchment scale under varying hydro-climatic conditions and agricultural operation practices. To illustrate the multi-scale and dynamic aspects of this issue, we sketch a modelling framework integrating the role of ponds at the catchment scale. Such an integratedframework can improve the spatial prediction of pesticide transfer and risk assessment across the catchment-ponds-river continuum to facilitate management rules and operations.
Published: 2021
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26. Temporal and spatial variations of chemical weathering and CO2 consumption in a multi-lithological karstic catchment (Baget, Pyrenees, France): a combined geochemical and isotopic approach

Author: Jean-Luc Probst, Issam Moussa, Anne Probst, and Francesco Ulloa Cedamanos
Subjects: Consumption (economics), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geochemistry, Drainage basin, Weathering, Karst, Geology
Published: 2021
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27. Contamination intensity and origin of trace metals in the bottom sediments from the Sebou basin (NW Morocco)

Author: Anne Probst, Souad Haida, Sara El Mrissani, Jean-Luc Probst, Université Ibn Tofaïl (UIT), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry.chemical_element, trace elements, Context (language use), Structural basin, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Sediments, Chromium, contamination, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Sebou basin, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Effluent, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Phosphorus, Extraction (chemistry), controlling factors, Sediment, Contamination, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Due to increasing anthropogenic activities, trace elements remain a major concern for river water quality, particularly when waste effluents are not always constraint. The intensity of the contamination, the origin and the distribution of these elements were not frequently investigated, particularly in carbonated areas from the southern countries of limited water resources. In this context, the present study aimed at understanding the geochemistry of trace elements in bottom sediments from the Sebou basin, representing 1/3 of the surface water resources of Morocco. Four spatial sampling campaigns have been carried out in 2018 and 2019 during contrasted hydrological periods. Total and non-residual concentrations (EDTA extraction) of trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were measured in the fine fraction (< 63µm), as well as some physico-chemical parameters. The order of abundance of the elements was as follows: Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co>As>Cd. Several sediment indices of contamination and of toxicity risk were used to assess sediment quality. The results showed that 70% of the samples were naturally enriched in trace elements, specially As and Ni, as well as Cd and Pb, except in some stations. On the opposite, the most enriched elements were Cr, Zn and Cu. Chromium presented an enrichment higher than 5 and toxicity risks at some stations, such as downstream the Fez city known for its important tanneries activities. A multi-variate analysis of the datas evidenced the strong link between the identified natural elements (As, Co, Ni) with clays, Fe, Al oxides, whereas elements (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn) mainly originating anthropogenic activities (industrial and domestic wastes, homemade, and agricultural practices), were linked to phosphorus, to a lesser extent to particulate organic carbon.
Published: 2020
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28. Pesticide Distribution in Pond Sediments from an Agricultural Catchment (Auradé, SW France)

Author: Corinne Pautot, Thierry Camboulive, Benjamin Trochon, Marie-Josée Tavella, Franck Granouillac, Jean-Luc Probst, Virginie Payre-Suc, David Riboul, Betty Chaumet, Anne Probst, Pierre Eon, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), LTSER ZA PYRenees GARonne, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, spatial distribution, fungi, agricultural catchment, Sediment, Wetland, pesticides, Pesticide, Crop rotation, storage, bottom sediments, Water column, Granulometry, parasitic diseases, Environmental science, Spatial variability, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Quadrat
Abstract: International audience; Currently, pesticides are massively used in agricultural areas end up in watercourses, as they are usually final receptacles of organic contamination. A large number of wetlands such as ponds occurred in agricultural catchments. They are dynamic and complex systems which contains different compartments like the water column, sediments and biota. The sediment compartment can store contaminants according to their physicochemical properties, but this process is continuously challenged because of settling and resuspension mechanisms. The role of the sediments regarding pesticides behavior and their fate is still poorly investigated. Our study aimed to fill this gap, particularly considering the Bassioué pond, which is located in the carbonated agricultural upper sub-catchment of the Auradé critical zone observatory (Gers, France), with a wheat/sunflower crop rotation and a steep slope enhancing erosion phenomenon. We focused on pesticide storage in the sediments which represent the main compartment due to the environmental conditions. Our current objective was to understand (i) how and where pesticides are stored in the sediments, and (ii) the relationship with the characteristics of sediments, supposed to be highly involved in the storage and degradation of pesticides. Two field campaigns were carried out to collect sediment samples within a regular quadrat from the inlet to the outlet of the pond in autumn 2019 and summer 2020 at different depth. A set of three pesticide was quantified as well as sediment texture. The results highlighted that sediment particle size distribution varied between upstream and downstream of the pond: from the finest to the coarsest; as did the spatial distribution of pesticides. This reveled that pesticides were partly controlled by their physicochemical properties: most hydrophilic pesticides had greater affinity with the finest fractions of the sediments. A difference in pesticide storage according to the depth has been observed, especially for boscalid (logK OW = 3) which was found in greater quantities in the deepest samples, with increasing coarse silt content. Finally, a seasonal effect was also observed on pesticide levels, as their presence was highly driven by firstly their uses in the catchment and secondly by the soil erosion occurring during intense spring flood events. This work provides new knowledge on the role of ponds in pesticide storage, dissipation and transfer downstream, which can•be used for agricultural landscape management.
Published: 2020
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29. What Can Be Learned about the Relationships between Water Discharge and Composition during Flood Events in a Forested Karstic Catchment from the Pyrenees Mountains (Southwestern France)?

Author: Anne Probst, Francesco Ulloa-Cedamanos, Vanessa Dos-Santos, and Jean-Luc Probst
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Flood myth, Drainage basin, Karst, Geology
Published: 2020
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30. Occupation des sols et évolution des paysages sur un bassin versant karstique du territoire Pyrénées-Garonne depuis le milieu du 20ème siècle : rôle potentiel sur la pCO2 des sols et de la qualité des eaux

Author: Eva Vrech, Francesco Ulloa-Cedamanos, Claire Marais-Sicre, Eric Maire, Jean-Luc Probst, Anne PROBST, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (ZA PYGAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoires de la zone critique - OZCAR (FRANCE), Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), LTSER France, Zone Atelier Pyrénées Garonne (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: OZCAR, Évolution des paysages, Qualité des eaux, ZA PYGAR, Occupation des sols, Bassin versant karstique, Environnement et Société, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, SNO Karst, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Hydrologie
Abstract: National audience; Les hydrosystèmes karstiques sont des milieux sensibles aux variations climatiques et aux pressions anthropiques ; ils sont doc d’excellents modèles pour étudier leurs impacts sur les ressources en eau et sur les cycles biogéochimiques du carbone et de l’azote, aujourd’hui fortement perturbés par les changements d’occupation des terres. Ainsi, la recolonisation par la forêt de terres abandonnées suite à la déprise agricole favorise la production de matières organiques dans les sols. Ces changements induisent une augmentation de la pression partielle en CO2 (pCO2) dans les sols et dans les réseaux karstiques qui favorisent la dissolution des carbonates, mais aussi la production de carbone organique dissous (COD) dans les eaux. Ainsi, une augmentation de la pCO2 dans les cavités karstiques (Ek & Godissart, 2014) et une évolution significative de la composition chimique des eaux de drainage ont pu être observées sur les bassins versants karstiques français (Binet et al., 2020 ; Ulloa-Cedamanos et al., 2020), grâce aux données collectées depuis parfois près de 50 ans dans le cadre du SNO Karst (IR OZCAR). Parallèlement à ces évolutions, on observe des tendances à long terme dans les fluctuations hydroclimatiques (notamment une augmentation de la température de l’air) et dans l’évolution des paysages avec un abandon progressif des terres cultivées au profit des friches (Houet et al., 2012). Dans le cadre de la ZA PYGAR, le bassin versant karstique du Baget (13 km2), observatoire du SNO Karst (près de Moulis, Pyrénées ariégeoises, entre 500 et 1500 m), a été retenu comme site pilote pour développer une méthode de reconstitution dans le temps de l’évolution des paysagesqui sera mise au regard de l’évolution des débits et de la qualité des eaux, suivis depuis près de 50 ans. Pour mettre au point la méthode, nous avons reconstitué l’évolution de l’occupation des sols depuis 1948, à intervalles de 8 ans (à l’exception de la période 1947-1963), à partir des images satellites depuis les années 2000 (SPOT 2 et 4, Sentinel 2) et des photographies aériennes pour les périodes plus anciennes. Cette méthode a consisté à (i) utiliser les données de l’inventaire forestier et de photo-interprétation (google earth ) pour développer une procédure de classification de l’occupation du sol à partir d’images satellites (SPOT, Sentinel) et primitives associées (texture), (ii) appliquer cette méthode de classification de l’occupation du sol au traitement des photos aériennes anciennes géo-référencées, (iii) développer un indicateur multicritère d’ouverture/fermeture du milieu, et (iv) évaluer l’intensité du changement d’occupation du sol en termes de surfaces relatives et d’ouverture des milieux, de fragmentation et de localisation. Pour la reconstitution dans les temps anciens, les formations végétales ont été in fine regroupées en 3 grands groupes, en fonction de leur couverture au sol, de la densité de biomasse et de leur rôle dans l’ouverture des milieux. Les résultats présenteront la démarche et la méthodologie misesen oeuvre, ainsi que l’évolution spatio-temporelle des surfaces occupées par chaque formation, quantifiées à partir de l’indicateur multicritère développé.
Published: 2020

31. Trace metal legacy in mountain environments:A view from the Pyrenees Mountains

Author: Luca Da Ros, Dirk S. Schmeller, Gaël Le Roux, Pascal Laffaille, Sabine Sauvage, Laurent Marquer, Florence Mazier, Lluís Camarero, José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez, Pilar Durantez, Anaëlle Simonneau, Laure Gandois, Thomas Rosset, Adrien Claustres, Anne Probst, Sophia V. Hansson, Deonie Allen, Séverine Jean, Stéphane Binet, Roman Teisserenc, François De Vleeschouwer, Marilen Haver, Didier Galop, Stephen Lofts, Dontsova, Katerina, Balogh-Brunstad, Zsuzsanna, Le Roux, Gaël, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University-Lancaster University, and ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011)
Subjects: Background information, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mountain critical zone, Earth science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Bronze Age, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 11. Sustainability, Trace metal, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecosystem health, Pb isotopes, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Critical zone, 15. Life on land, Mining legacy, French pyrenees, Geography, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, French Pyrenees, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; The mineral reserves of mountain environments have been exploited since the beginning of metallurgy and legacy contamination from activities such as mining persist to this day. This is particularly the case in the soils of the European mountains where potential harmful trace elements (such as Pb, Sb, As, and Hg) of anthropogenic origin have accumulated since Antiquity. The French Pyrenees are no exception to this, as many mine sites in the region date back to the Bronze Age, resulting in landscape alternations and anthropogenic environmental impacts on a millennial scale. The mountain critical zone is sensitive both to human‐induced environmental changes (e.g., agriculture, mining, clear‐cutting) as well as to climate‐induced rapid environmental fluctuations. The legacy of trace metal contamination in other environments has been documented at individual sites in Europe and around the world, however, the fate of such legacy metals over time, in particular within mountainous regions, is poorly understood. This is despite the fact that a large proportion of metals was deposited and stored before 1800 CE in these areas. Using a case study from the Central French Pyrenees as a specific example, we here show that legacy metal (e.g., Pb) contamination in mountain environments is still persistent and a potential threat to mountain ecosystem health. We emphasize methods that aim to understand, in an interdisciplinary and coordinated way, the fate of legacy metals in the Central Pyrenees and beyond. We highlight the importance of research in the mountain critical zone for the whole of Europe, as mountains are the source of water and provide regional economic and socio‐ecological resources. The goal of this chapter is, therefore, to draw attention to and provide fellow researchers with, the background information and methodologies needed to address the problem of legacy metal accumulation, transport, storage, remobilization, and redeposition in mountain watersheds, as well as potential subsequent environmental impacts downstream.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Key Parameters Controlling the Seasonal and Inter-annual Variations of pCO2, Chemical Composition and Carbonate Equilibrium in Stream Water from a Mountainous Karstic Catchment (Pyrenees, France)

Author: Virginie Payre Suc, Francesco Ulloa Cedamanos, Thierry Camboulive, Anne Probst, Corinne Pautot, Michel Bakalowicz, Jean-Luc Probst, Sthépane Binet, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Critical zone, Drainage basin, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Karst, 6. Clean water, Sink (geography), chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Dissolved organic carbon, Carbonate, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Dissolution, Chemical composition
Abstract: The carbonate dissolution plays a major role in the atmospheric CO2 sink and in the riverine transfer of dissolved inorganic carbon from the atmosphere to the critical zone and to the oceans. In th...
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Elements over the Central Pyrenees

Author: François De Vleeschouwer, Laure Gandois, Marie-José Tavella, Thierry Camboulives, Pilar Durantez, Gaël Le Roux, Adrien Claustres, David Baqué, Anne Probst, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Trace (semiology), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. A Forty-Year Karstic Critical Zone Survey (Baget Catchment, Pyrenees-France): Lithologic and Hydroclimatic Controls on Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variations of StreamWater Chemical Composition, pCO2, and Carbonate Equilibrium

Author: Virginie Payre-Suc, Anne Probst, Sandra Beranger, Jean-Luc Probst, Francesco Ulloa-Cedamanos, Thierry Camboulive, Michel Bakalowicz, Corinne Pautot, Stéphane Binet, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier 2 (FRANCE), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - BRGM (FRANCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - INSU (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS INEE, CNRS-INSU, SNO KARST, OZCAR, Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (LTSER ZA PYGAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, Seasonal patterns, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Long-term monitoring, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, Planning and Development, Alkalinity, Drainage basin, Aquatic Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, lcsh:TC1-978, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Carbonate dissolution, Sulfate, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Mountainous catchment, Hydrologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrochemical trends, Hydrology, Calcite, geography, lcsh:TD201-500, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Keywords: long-term monitoring, Global warming, 15. Life on land, Karst, 6. Clean water, Mineral weathering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental science, Carbonate, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The long-term trends and seasonal patterns of stream water chemical composition in a small remote forested karst catchment, were investigated from 1978 to 2018. Calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonates, the dominant ions, increased over the period together with temperature, while sulfates decreased. Carbonate and sulfate mineral dissolution was the main source of these elements. These trends and the seasonal opposite patterns of discharge vs. temperature, calcite saturation index vs. pCO2 and bicarbonate vs. sulfates, suggested the influence of discharge, of reduced long-range atmospheric pollution, and of increasing air temperature on biological activity and carbonate dissolution. Furthermore, the hydrological regime controlled the seasonal stream water chemical composition and fluxes by: (i) a dilution during the high discharge period, (ii) a change in the contribution rate of the waters draining different lithological areas in the catchment, e.g., the increased sulfates to bicarbonates ratio during summer low flows, with a maximum alkalinity decrease of 24%, and (iii) a &ldquo, piston&rdquo, and a &ldquo, flushing&rdquo, effects of dissolved elements stored in soils and epikarst with the first autumn heavy rains. Long-term stream water hydrochemical surveys of karst system have proved to be powerful indicators of biogeochemical processes, water sources and pathways under variable natural and anthropogenic environmental pressure conditions.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Global warming and acid atmospheric deposition impacts on carbonate dissolution and CO2 fluxes in French karst hydrosystems: evidence from hydrochemical monitoring in recent decades

Author: Stéphane Binet, Jean-Luc Seidel, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, Michel Bakalowicz, Jean-Luc Probst, Chritophe Emblanch, Nicolas Peyraube, Chritelle Batiot, Anne Probst, Service National d'Observation sur le KARST (SNO Karst), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Avignon Université (AU), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), French KARST Observatory Network SNO KARST (www.sokarst.org) initiative of the INSU/CNRS, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bordeaux INP - BINP (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier 2 (FRANCE), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - BRGM (FRANCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - INSU (FRANCE), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse (FRANCE), Université de Bordeaux (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie (I2M), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Carbonate, media_common.quotation_subject, Weathering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, PCO2, Karst, Acid Rain, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Océan, Atmosphère, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, pCO2, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Carbonic acid, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Global warming, Acid Rain:Global warming Karst, 6. Clean water, chemistry, Carbon dioxide, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Acid rain, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface water
Abstract: International audience; The long-term change in surface water chemistry over time in remote areas is usually related to global change, including several processes such as global warming and acid atmospheric pollution. These cumulative factors limit the quantitative interpretation of the global warming effect on surface water acidification in relation to the atmospheric CO2 sink. To quantitatively estimate the impact of global warming on the atmospheric/soil CO2 uptake by carbonate weathering, the approach proposed here involves discriminating the proportion of [Ca + Mg] in waters resulting from soil carbonic acid dissolution (equal to the amount of CO2 uptake from soil/atmosphere) from the proportion resulting from strong acid pollution. This approach was applied to 5 karst hydrosystems located in France, far from local pollution sources and with several decades of hydrochemical monitoring.[Ca + Mg] from acid deposition represented between 16 and 25% of the total [Ca + Mg] concentration and the flux was positively correlated with the atmospheric deposition flux. This [Ca + Mg] increase is associated with increasing [Mg] and was found to be driven by the acid pollution inputs. Equilibrating water with calcite in presence of carbonic acid will release [Ca + Mg] into solution. The input of strong acids from atmospheric pollution contributes more to magnesian calcite dissolution because its solubility is lower than that of calcite.Since the 1980s, the decrease in [Ca + Mg] production due to the decrease in acid atmospheric deposition has minimized the increase in [Ca + Mg] linked to CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) increasing with global warming. It was found that [Ca + Mg] from H2CO3 dissolution did not decrease with an increase in air temperature, as suggested by carbonate solubility. The annual fluxes of Ca + Mg from H2CO3 dissolution, calculated for an average flow, showed a positive gradient with air temperature, of about 0.061 mol m2 yr−1 °C−1 (±0.006). In low rainfall areas, the pCO2 increase with air temperature was stronger than in rainy areas. For an average specific discharge of 300 L m−2 yr−1, global warming is estimated to increase the CO2 uptake flux by about 204 micromol L−1 °C−1 (5.7% of the observed flux).
Published: 2020
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36. Evolution de la qualité des eaux de surface en réponse à différents scénarios d’organisation des paysages agricoles en Gascogne : approche par modélisation agro-hydrologique

Author: Vanessa dos Santos, Sabine Simeoni-Sauvage, David Sheeren, James Desaegher, Thierry Camboulive, Virginie Payre, Francesco Ulloa-Cedamanos, Jeanne Laffont, Anne PROBST, Jose-Miguel Sanchez-Perez, Annie Ouin, Jean-Luc Probst, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Groupement des Agriculteurs de la Gascogne Toulousaine - GAGT (FRANCE), LTSER France, Zone Atelier Pyrénées Garonne (FRANCE), Observatoires de la zone critique - OZCAR (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne (ZA PYGAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Paysages, Nitrates, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Qualité des eaux, Modélisation scénarios, Débits, MES, Occupation des sols, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Environnement et Société, Services écosystémiques, Hydrologie
Abstract: National audience; Dans le cadre du site " Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne " (VCG) de la ZA PYGAR, le projet PACSE (Paysages et Compromis entre Services Ecosystémiques-Région Occitanie) vise à identifier les organisations paysagères les plus performantes en termes de biodiversité et de qualité des eaux. Pour cela, il prend en compte les structures de gouvernances pour assurer le meilleur compromis au sein d’un bouquet de services (maintien de la qualité de l’eau, de la pollinisation et de la régulation des ravageurs). Il vise aussi à évaluer les coûts des changements de pratiques nécessaires pour atteindre un tel compromis et leurs intérêts en lien avec la production agricole. Ces compromis " in silico " seront comparés à ceux souhaités ou acceptés par les acteurs locaux, notamment le Groupement des Agriculteurs de la Gascogne Toulousaine (GAGT). Les résultats présentés ici concernent principalement le volet " Agrohydrologie " qui consiste à modéliser la qualité de l’eau sur 3 bassins versants (BV) agricoles représentatifs de VCG (BV expérimental d’Auradé et BVs amont Louge et Touch). Cette approche utilise le modèle agro-hydrologique semi-distribué SWAT (Soil & Water Assessment Tool) qui s’appuie en amont, sur un Système d’Information Géographique (SIG) du BV et en aval, sur des données de qualité des eaux à l’exutoire du BV. Sur le BV d’Auradé (IR OZCAR), les données de qualité des eaux sont issues des mesures haute résolution effectuées depuis de nombreuses années, et sur les BVs de la Louge et du Touch, des mesures haute-résolution ont été réalisées pendant un cycle hydrologique complet. Les données utilisées concernent principalement les débits et les teneurs en nitrates et MES. Le SIG développé sur chacun des BVs inclut les paramètres nécessaires à SWAT (MNT, usage des terres, sols, climatologie). Les résultats présentés portent sur la simulation des variations de débits à l’échelle journalière entre 2011 et2020 et sur les concentrations et les flux de nitrates et de MES à l’exutoire des 3 BVs (Louge, Touch et Auradé). Les débits simulés montrent de très bonnes corrélations avec les débits observés (Nash-Sutcliff : 0,52 à 0,68 ; R2: 0,51 à 0,61). Les valeurs simulées en nitrates (6.12, 7.89 et 32.62 mg/L pour Louge, Touch et Auradé respectivement) et en MES (15.33, 19.64 et 38.32 mg/L respectivement) sont proches des teneurs moyennes observées en nitrates (5.44,7.61 et 31.96 mg/L respectivement) et en MES (11.9, 21.56 et 45.32 mg/L respectivement). Après calibration/validation du modèle SWAT sur ces 3 BVs, cette modélisation va être utilisée pour simuler la qualité des eaux en réponse à différents scénarios d’occupation des sols et d’organisation paysagère comprenant la diversité dans l’espace et le temps de la mosaïque cultivée et la présence de milieux semi-naturels (bois, haies, prairies et zones humides). Tous ces facteurs sont importants pour le maintien de la biodiversité, de la qualité des écosystèmes et des services écosystémiques associés. Ainsi, ces paysages constituent une ressource économique essentielle qu’il convient de préserver et d’organiser au mieux avec les acteurs du territoire dans un objectif de développement durable.
Published: 2020

37. Multi-Indices Assessment of Origin and Controlling Factors of Trace Metals in River Sediments from a Semi-Arid Carbonated Basin (the Sebou Basin, Morocco)

Author: Anne Probst, Jean-Luc Probst, Souad Haida, Sara El Mrissani, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Ibn Tofaïl (UIT), Université Ibn Tofail (MOROCCO), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Texture and organic carbon, Geography, Planning and Development, trace metals, chemistry.chemical_element, contamination indices, Weathering, Contamination indices, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, River sediments, Metal, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Trace metals, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Sebou basin, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, TD201-500, Available fraction, river sediments, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Ecologie, Environnement, Cadmium, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Phosphorus, Sediment, Hydraulic engineering, Contamination, Arid, 6. Clean water, texture and organic carbon, chemistry, 13. Climate action, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, available fraction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, TC1-978, Enrichment factor
Abstract: River water quality is particularly of concern in semi-arid countries with limited water resources. Increasing anthropogenic activities can lead to the accumulation of trace metals (TM) in bottom sediments, which is a specific storage compartment. The present study aimed to investigate the geochemistry of trace metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and of some physico-chemical parameters in bottom sediments from the Sebou basin, which represents 1/3 of the surface water resources of Morocco. The order of abundance of the metals was Zn &gt, Cr &gt, Cu &gt, Ni &gt, Pb &gt, Co &gt, As &gt, Cd. A major fingerprint of weathering on metal concentration, and point and non-point anthropogenic sources were highlighted. The origin and intensity of the contamination were determined using a combination of geochemical indicators. The contamination was on the whole moderate, with Cr, Zn, Cu, and Pb as the most enriched metals, especially at the A1, S3, and S4 stations located downstream of Fez city, well known for its intensive industrial and tannery activities. A multi-variate analysis evidenced the strong link between natural elements such as Co with clays and Fe oxides, and As with Ca, whereas Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, partly originating from anthropogenic activities (industrial and domestic waste, agricultural inputs), were linked to phosphorus, oxides, carbonates, and/or POC, indicating their anthropic source and/or control by sediment compounds. Cadmium, Pb, and Cu were the most available metals. Finally, in addition to Cd, Pb and Zn were identified as hazardous metals in sediments as evidenced by the positive relationship between the proportion of the labile fraction and the enrichment factor revealing anthropogenic inputs.
Published: 2021
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38. Role of Pond Sediments for Trapping Pesticides in an Agricultural Catchment (Auradé, SW France): Distribution and Controlling Factors

Author: Virginie Payre, Thierry Camboulive, Franck Granouillac, Jean-Luc Probst, Betty Chaumet, Anne Probst, Pierre Eon, David Riboul, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Observatoires de la zone critique - OZCAR (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Drainage basin, Partition coefficients, Wetland, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Ecotoxicologie, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Metolachlor, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tebuconazole, Seasonality effect, TD201-500, Hydrologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, business.industry, Aquatic ecosystem, Sediment, Hydraulic engineering, Particle size, Pesticide, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Bottom sediments, Sorption, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, TC1-978, Boscalid, business
Abstract: In agricultural areas, ponds are suitable wetland environments to dissipate and reduce the occurrence of pesticides in aquatic environments. However, their impact at a catchment scale is still poorly understood. This study aims to determine how these organic contaminants were trapped in a pond located in an agricultural critical zone from SW France (Auradé catchment). The spatial distribution of pesticide concentrations and their different controlling factors were investigated in waters and sediments collected during two distinct seasons. The results highlighted (i) the link between the presence of the molecules and the agricultural practices upstream, (ii) the influence of hydrological/seasonal conditions, especially on hydrophobic molecule accumulation such as tebuconazole, (iii) the key role of clay content in sediments on the control of moderately hydrophilic pesticides (metolachlor and boscalid), but also the unexpected role of coarse particles for boscalid, and (iv) the influence of sediment depth on pesticide storage. Nevertheless, other physico-chemical parameters, such as mineralogical composition of sediment, needed to be considered to explain the pesticide patterns. This study brings a new hypothesis to be investigated in the future about pesticide behaviour in such pond environments.
Published: 2021
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39. Influence of ponds on hazardous metal distribution in sediments at a catchment scale (agricultural critical zone, S-W France)

Author: Anne Probst, Xinda Wu, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic retention time, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Context (language use), Weathering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Hazardous waste, parasitic diseases, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Critical zone ponds, Bottom sediment, Metal, Science des sols, 15. Life on land, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Molasse, Enrichment and availability, Ecosystèmes, Multivariate analysis, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Erosion, Environmental science, Spatial variability, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Clay minerals
Abstract: International audience; Eight potentially toxic trace elements were investigated together with the physicochemical characteristics of sediments collected upstream, downstream, and from various ponds from three adjacent carbonated agricultural catchments in southwestern France. Geochemical indices with local references and multivariate data analysis revealed a significant enrichment of Cd, followed by Ni and Cu in sediments, originating from agricultural practices, especially in the upper catchments sensitive to erosion processes. Five other PTEs (As, Pb, Co, Cr, and Zn) mostly originated from the weathering process of the molasse. Clay minerals and/or iron oxides were the main controlling factors for most PTEs. In ponds, Cd was regulated by Ca co-precipitation favoured by the long hydraulic retention time and increased pH, whereas it was mostly controlled by silicates in stream sediments. Copper, Pb, and Cd were the highly extractable metals, suggesting the risk of a hazardous environment. Multivariate analysis revealed that several environmental factors affected the spatial variation of PTE concentrations in sediments as well as the trapping role of ponds (texture, slope, soil erosion, pond size and position, discharge, hydraulic retention time) in this area of intensive agricultural practices. Our conclusions are useful for pond management in a context of increasing water demand and climate warming.
Published: 2021
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40. Long and short-term trends of stream hydrochemistry and high frequency surveys as indicators of the influence of climate change, agricultural practices and internal processes (Aurade agricultural catchment, SW France)

Author: Anne-Sophie Perrin, Jean-Luc Probst, Sylvain Ferrant, Franck Granouillac, Vivien Ponnou-Delaffon, Virginie Payre-Suc, Anne Probst, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hydrological conditions, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Hydrochemical indicators, General Decision Sciences, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Major elements trends, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrology (agriculture), Nitrate, High frequency, Evapotranspiration, Dissolved organic carbon, Precipitation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Nitrates, Ecology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Critical Zone, chemistry, Nycthemeral cycle, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface runoff
Abstract: International audience; The hydrochemical time series of stream water from a cultivated catchment were investigated at different time scales and survey frequencies. A 35-year time series of nitrate concentration and discharge, a 15-year time series of major elements and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were analysed from a yearly to a daily/hourly basis during discharge recession after storm event periods, to determine the origin of elements, the time trends and the main controlling factors of the trends. A significant decrease over time of nitrate, base cations and other major anions was observed. These trends were controlled by agricultural practice changes (decrease of N-fertiliser input, grass-band set up) and discharge increase, especially in the last years of the period. On the other hand, K and DOC increased over the 15-year period. This increase might result from both 1) organic matter eroded from the soil surface by runoff during flood events and 2) an increase in mineralisation with increasing temperature. Seasonal variations and nycthemeral cycles indicated either calcite precipitation and nitrification processes and/or evapotranspiration, water and/or vegetation uptake during the day with increasing temperature. This paper highlights that the hydrochemical parameters measured at various time scales and frequencies can be used as powerful indicators of catchment internal processes, and of changes in agricultural management and climate change. Particularly, the multivariate high-resolution survey has shown its ability to evidence very tenuous processes not detectable by discrete sampling. The recent observed changes in hydrology argue for the need to continue the hydrochemical survey over decades.
Published: 2019
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41. High-frequency monitoring of surface water quality at the outlet of the Ibrahim River (Lebanon): A multivariate assessment

Author: Amine Kassouf, Naim Ouaini, Anne Probst, Desiree El Azzi, Jean-Luc Probst, Paula El Najjar, Claude Daou, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), LARIFA - Faculty of Sciences Libanese University Lebanon, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Holy-Spirit University of Kaslik [Jounieh], Institut de Recherches Agronomiques au Liban (IRAL), Institut de Recherches Agronomiques au Liban, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Lebanese University - LU (LEBANON), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Holy Spirit University of Kaslik - USEK (LEBANON), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biochemical oxygen demand, Surface water monitoring, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Dissolved organic carbon, Lebanon, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total suspended solids, Ecologie, Environnement, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Suspended solids, Principal Component Analysis, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Chemical oxygen demand, Total dissolved solids, 6. Clean water, Parameters’ reduction, Water quality index, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Water quality, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface water
Abstract: International audience; Surface water quality monitoring is essential to evaluate the quality of a water resource. The current studyassesses the quality of the Ibrahim River, one of the main Lebanese rivers, exposed to considerable humanactivities. 285 samples were collected at the outlet of the river, between May 2016 and July 2017, covering onehydrological year. Twenty-three physico-chemical parameters (flow, pH, temperature, electrical conductivity,turbidity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, biochemicaloxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand/biochemical oxygen demand, specificultraviolet absorbance, dissolved cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), total alkalinity, dissolved anions (Cl−, NO3−,NO2−, PO43− and SO42−)) and five microbiological tests were assessed (total germs, total coliforms, fecal coliforms,Escherichia coli and Enterococcus). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied for data analysis.The first component showed high levels of anthropogenic characteristics mainly due to organic and bacteriologicalparameters, differentiating low and high river discharges (explaining around 35% of the total variance).The second component was mainly influenced by mineral variables showing a clear annual discrimination(explaining about 17% of the total variance). Moreover, this study led to variables reduction fromtwenty-eight to ten. The final shortlisted parameters are Q, pH, EC, NO3−, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, BOD5,K+, TA and Cl−. A new PCA performed with the reduced matrix validated this selection. The water quality index(WQI) was then calculated in this study, using the shortlisted parameters characterizing the basin, excluding theflow since it cannot be considered as a quality indicator. Thus, the water was evaluated as « medium » to « good »with values ranging from 63.1 (August 2016) to 73.1 (November and December 2016) with an average of69.0 ± 1.9. The proposed WQI should be further tested for monitoring practices in the Ibrahim River basin orother similar basins of the region.
Published: 2019
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42. Origin, distribution, and behaviour of rare earth elements in river bed sediments from a carbonate semi-arid basin (Tafna River, Algeria)

Author: Anne Probst, Amina Taleb, Nouria Belaidi, Amine Benabdelkader, Jean-Luc Probst, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Electronique Quantique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB)-Faculté de Physique, LEcGEN, Université Tlemcen, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene = University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB)-Faculté de Physique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen (ALGERIA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Hydrological conditions, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Rare earth, Geochemistry, Fractionation, Ingénierie de l'environnement, 010501 environmental sciences, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Contamination, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Rare earth elements, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedrock, Pollution, Arid, 6. Clean water, chemistry, Erosion, Bottom sediments, Carbonate, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Clay minerals, Dams
Abstract: International audience; The behaviour and sources of rare earth elements (REE) in river sediments were investigated at ten stations and two dams of the Tafna basin (Northern Algeria) during contrasting hydrological conditions and using a combination of normalisation procedures, REE anomalies, various REE ratios, and multivariate statistical analysis. The ranking and REE concentrations were in the range of other carbonated areas. The classical fractionation of the heavy REE(HREE) erosion pattern, evidenced from upstream to downstream by the La/Yb or Sm/Yb ratios, was disturbed by the presence of dams, which retained the light REE (LREE) in particular. The hydrological conditions, particle size, and geochemical characteristics controlled the REE patterns. The LREE were associated with clay minerals and HREE with coarse silts, whereas carbonate and particulate organic carbon (POC) did not influence the transport downstream. The total concentration of REE in sediments was not strongly affected by anthropogenic inputs from various sources (industrial activities, and domestic or medical wastes). Indeed, some LREE enrichment and anomalies were detected at a few stations and locally for Gd, Tb, and Yb. However, the anthropogenic contribution can partially be hidden by dilution due to particle erosion. High flow increased the LREE and MREE enrichment and LREE/HREE fractionation in some places due to erosion processes and an-thropic influences (dam releases and local wastes inputs). Middle REE (MREE) and HREE were the most ex-tractable elements unlike LREE (which are the most concentrated), particularly during high water conditions. Finally, the REE demonstrated the impact of natural processes (hydrological, geochemical, and physical) and some anthropogenic disturbances (waste inputs, fertilisers, and dams). This might inspire to develop such investigations in other similar semi-arid basins undergoing various pressures. The use of local bedrock as a reference and a set of geochemical and statistical tools, is recommended.
Published: 2019
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43. Impact du changement climatique et de l’activité anthropique sur les cycles biogéochimiques de C et de N dans les hydrosystèmes karstiques : du bassin versant du Baget à l'échelle régionale

Author: Francesco Ulloa Cedamanos, Jean Luc Probst, Anne PROBST, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS, Toulouse, France, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

44. Twenty-five year record of chemicals in open field precipitation and throughfall from a medium-altitude forest catchment (Strengbach - NE France): an obvious response to atmospheric pollution trends

Author: Daniel Viville, Etienne Dambrine, Anne Probst, Solenn Cotel, Marie-Claire Pierret, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université de Strasbourg - UNISTRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Savoie Mont Blanc - USMB (FRANCE), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Observatoire Hydro-Geochimique de l'Environnement, CNRS/INSU France, Universite de Strasbourg UNISTRA, Aubure municipality, Alsace Region, France, project ANR HYDROCRIZTO [ANR-15-CE01-0010-01], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversité et Ecologie, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, long-term data, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Vegetation type, Calcium flux, Atmospheric deposits, Precipitation, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Beech, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, nutrient, 15. Life on land, Throughfall, acid rain, atmospheric deposits, Deposition (aerosol physics), Spruce, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Environmental science, throughfall, Acid rain, Interception, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Long-term data, beech, spruce, Nutrient
Abstract: International audience; This study concerned a 25 yr continuous record of bulk precipitation and throughfall composition in a medium-altitude forested environment. The 1986-2012 survey from the more intense acid rain period in the mid-eighties until the present allowed the quantification of the interaction between atmospheric deposition and vegetation and the long-term evolution following pollutant emission trends. The long-term monitoring evidenced some significant temporal trends (pH, conductivity, SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+). Significant decreases in the concentrations and fluxes of several ions were observed (H+ and SO42-, Cl-, and Ca2+) in open field precipitation and throughfalls. The regular and strong decrease in protons and sulfate followed the decreases in anthropogenic SO2 and NOx (proton precursors) since the 1980s. The decrease in Cl- concentrations was weaker and could have been related to the regional reduction in HCl emissions and/or to changes in the precipitation regime. The annual calcium fluxes were reduced from approximately 15 to 9 and 6 to 2 kg ha(-1) under spruces and beeches, respectively, as a consequence of reductions in anthropogenic industrial dust. In such calcium-limited resource soils, the atmospheric Ca flux exceeded the Ca flux from mineral weathering and was highly bioavailable for vegetation growth. This decrease in nutrient input had strong consequences for soil nutrients and may thus have participated in forest decline. The two tree plantations had contrasting effects on the physico-chemical parameters of the incoming precipitation with higher water interception and chemical concentrations under spruces than under beeches, which underlined the role of tree species in atmospheric inputs to soils. The structure and persistence of spruce needles enhanced the capture of particles and water, accentuating the acidity of the deposition and leading to the intensification of acidification processes, nutrient leaching in soils and forest decline. In contrast, beech leaves were able to neutralize a portion of the atmospheric protons, which minimized and reduced the negative effects of acid rain. In addition, the throughfalls represented an important part of the biological cycle of trees for some elements such as K or N, as indicated by the contrasting patterns at year and long-term scales regarding the vegetation type. However, our study indicated that the influence of tree species might change over time with changes in atmospheric pollution, in precipitation regime, or in stand structure. This study outlined the importance of the long-term record of open field precipitation and throughfalls under various tree types to better evaluate the real inputs of elements to forest ecosystems and among them, essential mineral nutrients.
Published: 2019
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45. Buried Paleosols as Reference Objects for Assessing the Current Level of Soil Pollution with Lead in the Lower Volga Steppes

Author: Frédéric Candaudap, Anne Probst, Tatiana Pampura, Markus Meili, K. Holm, Russian Academy of Science, Institute of physicochemical and biological Problems of Soil Science, Stockholm University, Stockton University (Stockton), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Météo France (FRANCE), Russian academy of sciences (RUSSIA), Stockholm University (SWEDEN), and Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées - OMP (Toulouse, France)
Subjects: Steppe, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Paleoenvironmental reconstruction, Soil Science, Soil lead, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Anthropogenic lead, Soil lead forms, Lead of atmospheric deposition, Lead (geology), [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Stable lead isotopes, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Significant difference, Géochimie, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Paleosol, Soil contamination, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Current (stream), 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Paleosol lead, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Environnement et Société
Abstract: International audience; The estimation of soil contamination with anthropogenic lead requires uncontaminated analogues of the recent soils for comparison. For this purpose, a paleosol buried under a 2-m high burial mound of the Bronze Age and protected by it from atmospheric deposition during 4500 years was studied. The content and isotopic composition of mobile and total lead in the buried and recent soils (roadside and remote from lead sources) were compared. Obvious signs of anthropogenic contamination were revealed in only the upper layer of the roadside soil within 10 m from a highway. These were an increase in the absolute content of all lead forms; a high relative content of mobile forms; high ratios of Pb relative to Ti, Zr, and Y; and the similarity between isotopic compositions of the soil lead and the lead from modern atmospheric aerosols and Russian gasoline. Interestingly, no significant difference was found in the total lead contents or in the isotopic compositions between the recent soil remote from roads and the buried soil. However, some signs of anthropogenic impact could be revealed by the analysis of mobile lead forms, which make up a small portion of the total content.
Published: 2019
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46. Disturbance and resilience of a granitic critical zone submitted to acid atmospheric influence (the Ringelbach catchment, Vosges Mountains, France): Lessons from a hydrogeochemical survey in the nineties

Author: Bruno Ambroise, Anne Probst, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université de Strasbourg - UNISTRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Acid precipitation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Weathering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0207 environmental engineering, Alkalinity, Drainage basin, Streamflow, Ingénierie de l'environnement, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Major elements, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Evapotranspiration, Catchment budgets, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Sulfate, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Milieux et Changements globaux, 020701 environmental engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Acid rain, Sulfur
Abstract: International audience; The chemistry of precipitations and stream waters in the critical zone of a small granitic catchment mainly covered by grassland has been investigated backward (period 1990 to 1997). Major elements concentrations, fluxes and budgets at annual and seasonal scales allowed evaluating the catchment response to variation trends in atmospheric deposition and hydrological patterns. Acid precipitation was efficiently buffered by soil cations exchange and mineral weathering processes, as attested by the dominance of Ca and HCO3 in stream waters. A decrease of sulfate acidity in precipitation following clean air measures was accompanied by an increase of alkalinity and a decrease of sulfate in stream waters. Waters of short residence time from water-saturated areas in the valley bottom and rapid shallow circulations within slopes were a very effective diluted weathering end-member contributing to stream outlet in high flow conditions, whereas evapotranspiration from saturated areas and/or deep waters with long residence time influenced the stream water concentration pattern in low flow conditions. Water discharge controlled the variations of the annual and seasonal budgets of major elements, except for nitrate and sulfate, mainly stored during summer. Soil legacy sulfate was mainly released during the first autumn stormflows, with high peak concentrations decreasing rapidly from 1990 to 1992 and disappearing afterwards. The output water flux was the main driver of the weathering rate in the acidification recovery period 1993-97, contrary to the first period 1990-92 when acidification was still under way, as attested by the weathering plateau (constant Si/BC ratio). At that time, the intense weathering testifies the disturbance caused by acidification process. However; this critical zone was resilient enough to allow rapid and significant recovery over a few years following sulfur atmospheric abatement. For the future, the atmospheric nitrogen deposition pressure remains still challenging in a global change context, which argues for the necessity of long-term observatories.
Published: 2018
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47. Geochemical composition of fluvial sediments in the Milo River basin (Guinea): is there any impact of artisanal mining and of a big African city, Kankan?

Author: K. Sidibe, M. Camara, Jean-Luc Probst, Frédéric Julien, David Baqué, Virginie Payre-Suc, M.A. Sow, Anne Probst, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Julius Nyéréré de Kankan, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Julius Nyéréré de Kankan - UJNK (GUINEA), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Spatial variations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Geochemistry, Drainage basin, Fluvial, Seasonal variations, 010501 environmental sciences, Enrichment factors, 01 natural sciences, Tributary, education, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Ecologie, Environnement, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, Aquatic ecosystem, Major and trace elements, Geology, 15. Life on land, Artisanal mining, Mineral resource classification, REE, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Kankan, Bed sediments, Guinea, Milo river, Labile fractions
Abstract: International audience; For the first time, the bed sediments of the Milo River and its tributaries were sampled and analyzed to characterize their geochemical signature in terms of major, trace and rare earth elements and to determine the potential impacts of artisanal mining and of the anthropogenic activities of Kankan city. 24 sites have been sampled along the Milo river from upstream to downstream and on its tributaries during one sampling campaign to assess the spatial variations of the geochemical signature. During one year, the bed sediments have been sampled monthly on the Milo river upstream and downstream Kankan to determine the seasonal variations of their chemical composition and to investigate the potential impacts of Kankan on the fluvial sediment quality. The geochemical signatures of the sediments are mainly controlled by the geological substratum and the lateritic soil cover, showing that there is no impact of the artisanal mining and very few impacts of Kankan, except for As and Sb on two small tributaries draining the urban agglomeration. All the sediments are more concentrated and naturally enriched in Zr, Hf, U and Th compared to PAAS, due to the regional geochemical background. REE distribution patterns show LREE and HREE enrichments and positive Ce and Eu anomalies. The La/Yb ratios are positively correlated to Al and Fe-oxides and negatively to silica. The non-residual fractions (labile) extracted with EDTA represent less than 20% of the total concentration, showing that the threats for aquatic ecosystems and human populations are limited. This study can represent a reference with regard to the potential development of industrial mining and increase of population due the abundant mineral resources within this catchment.
Published: 2018
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48. The part of global warming and acid atmospheric pollution inputs on carbonate dissolution and associated CO2 sink fluxes enhancement: evidences from 40 years of monitoring in karstic systems

Author: Stéphane Binet, Probst, J. L., Christelle Batiot-Guilhe, Seidel, J. L., Christophe Emblanch, Nicolas Peyraube, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, Michel Bakalowicz, Anne PROBST, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire d'Hydrogéologie d'Avignon (LHA), Avignon Université (AU), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), CNRS, Toulouse, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service National d'Observation sur le KARST (SNO Karst), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

49. Anthropogenic contribution and influencing factors on metal features in fluvial sediments from a semi-arid Mediterranean river basin (Tafna River, Algeria): A multi-indices approach

Author: Amine Benabdelkader, Jean-Luc Probst, Amina Taleb, Anne Probst, Nouria Belaidi, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Aboubekr Belkaid - University of Belkaïd Abou Bekr [Tlemcen], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Université Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen (ALGERIA)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drainage basin, Fluvial, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, River sediments, Mediterranean sea, Trace metals, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Available fraction, Ecologie, Environnement, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Dam, Contamination, Pollution, Arid, 6. Clean water, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Erosion, Environmental science, Biodiversité, Geochemical and isotopic indices, Hydrology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Metals in river sediments from a semi-arid Mediterranean basin were investigated from upstream to downstream during contrasting hydrological conditions in 2014 and 2015. The level and origin of the contamination were evaluated using several geochemical and isotopic indicators. Elements were grouped by their level of contamination: high (Pb > Cd > Zn > Cu) and low (Al, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni). Multiple local sources of contamination were identified (industrial, agricultural and domestic waste), as well as very specific ones (gasoline station) and diffuse pollution from atmospheric deposition (gasoline, ores, aerosols). During storm events, the upstream dams can either be secondary sources of contamination or dilutors through particles derived from natural erosion. The contamination was slowed downstream due to the river geomorphology, but eventually washed into the Mediterranean Sea by intense storm events. Naturally derived elements (Co, Ni, Cr, As) were associated with Al, Fe and Mn oxides or clays, and anthropogenic originated metals with phosphorus (Cd and Zn), sulphur (Cu) and POC (Pb enrichment). Cadmium and Pb were the most available metals upstream and at the outlet, but their availability was not strictly related to their degree of contamination. These conclusions could be drawn thanks to an approach by multiple indicators.
Published: 2018
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50. Simuler les effets combinés de la pollution atmosphérique et du changement climatique sur les écosystèmes forestiers

Author: Anne Probst, Simon Rizzetto, Salim Belyazid, Jean-Claude Gegout, Gaudio, Noémie N., Manuel Nicolas, Harald Sverdrup, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Office National des Forêts [Nancy] (ONF), Office National des Forêts (ONF), Industrial Engineering, VR-II, Hjardarhagi 2–6, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Albert Maillet, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2018

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