75 results on '"Anne Nissen"'
Search Results
2. Former les futurs archéologues
- Author
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Anne Nissen and Haris Procopiou
- Subjects
archéologie ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Pilot Study Showing Acute Inhibitory Effect of GLP‐1 on the Bone Resorption Marker CTX in Humans
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Anne Nissen, Simone Marstrand, Kirsa Skov‐Jeppesen, Lasse Bremholm, Mads Hornum, Ulrik B Andersen, Jens Juul Holst, Mette Marie Rosenkilde, and Bolette Hartmann
- Subjects
BONE RESORPTION ,BONE REMODELING ,GLUCAGON‐LIKE PEPTIDE‐1 ,CTX ,EXENATIDE ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Bones have been suggested to be a target for glucagon‐like peptide ‐1 (GLP‐1); however, studies of the effects on human bones so far have given diverging results. We hypothesized that GLP‐1, together with glucagon‐like peptide‐2 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, plays a role in the gut–bone axis. We examined the acute effect of three GLP‐1 receptor ligands [GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide, GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide, and exenatide] on markers of bone remodeling. Eight healthy, normal‐weight participants, with a mean age of 24.3 years, were studied for 4 days in a double‐blinded, randomized clinical trial. Blood was collected before and after s.c. injection of GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide (1.5 nmol/kg), GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide (1.5 nmol/kg), exenatide (2.4 nmol/subject), or saline. Plasma was analyzed for bone markers and for osteoprotegerin (OPG), PTH, and IGF‐1 levels. All ligands were tested in vitro for their cAMP‐inducing activity on the human GLP‐1 receptor. GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide decreased CTX‐levels, compared with placebo (area under the curve [AUC] ±SD 0 to 120 min = –2143 ± 1294 % × min versus –883 ± 1557 % × min; p < 0.05). No difference was observed between placebo and GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide, or between placebo and exenatide, although exenatide had a similar potency as GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide for cAMP formation in vitro (EC50 of 0.093 and 0.054 nmol/L). However, exenatide reached maximum plasma concentration at 90 min versus 15 min for GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide, and plasma CTX was significantly decreased during the second hour of the study after exenatide injections compared with placebo (AUC ±SD –463.1 ± 218 % × min and –136 ± 91 % × min; p < 0.05). There was no effect of the injections on bone formation markers (P1NP and osteocalcin) or on OPG, PTH and IGF‐1 levels. In conclusion, we show that GLP‐1 receptor agonists, but not the primary metabolite GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide, decrease bone resorption, and suggest that GLP‐1 may be part of the gut–bone axis. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Armelle Alduc-Le Bagousse (dir.), Inhumations de prestige ou prestige de l’inhumation ? Expressions du pouvoir dans l’au-delà (ive-xve siècle)
- Author
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Anne Nissen
- Subjects
Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Bryophyte species differ widely in their growth and N2-fixation responses to temperature
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Agnieszka Marta Rzepczynska, Anders Michelsen, Maya Anne Nissen Olsen, and Signe Lett
- Subjects
acetylene reduction assay ,δ13C ,δ15N ,mosses ,nitrogen cycling ,subarctic tundra ecosystems ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 - Abstract
Bryophytes are abundant in tundra ecosystems, where they affect carbon and nitrogen cycling through primary production and associations with N2-fixing bacteria. Bryophyte responses to climate warming are inconclusive, likely because species-specific responses are poorly understood. Here we investigated how warming affects the growth and nitrogenase activity of 10 tundra bryophyte species in two tundra landscapes. Collected bryophyte samples were grown in temperature-controlled growth chambers for 12 weeks at five temperatures from 3 to 18 °C. We measured growth, N concentration, δ15N, and δ13C after 3 months and nitrogenase activity after 5 and 12 weeks. Bryophyte growth and associated nitrogenase activity generally increased with temperature, but species differed in their optima. Bryophyte N concentration and δ15N indicated that, for some species, increased N2-fixation could not compensate for growth-induced N limitation. High landscape coverage and large positive warming effects on feather mosses and Sphagnum species highlight their competitive advantages, confirm earlier field observations, and contribute to the mechanistic understanding of differential bryophyte growth in response to warming. We suggest that indirect effects of climate change, such as surface drying and shrub expansion, are likely main threats to slow-growing bryophytes across the Arctic, with consequences for biodiversity and C balance.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
6. Proppant powder – the protection and the pain – lurking hazards of silicosis
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Chris Barrand, Radika Lucas, and Anne Nissen
- Abstract
Resources Safety and Health Queensland (RSHQ) is the independent regulator for safety and health in Queensland’s resources sector. The Petroleum and Gas Inspectorate (the Inspectorate) administers safety and health regulation for the petroleum and gas industry. RSHQ uses a risk-based and data-driven approach to pursue its vision of zero serious harm for resource sector workers. In Queensland, on average, there are 200 fraccing operations conducted annually on oil and gas wells. For each fraccing operation, up to 450 tonnes of proppant may be used with an estimated 16 340–23 800 tonnes pumped annually. The majority of proppant used in Queensland is refined sand and is a potential source of exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) during these operations. In 2020 safe exposure levels for RCS was halved from 0.1 to 0.05 mg/m3. Exposure to levels above this threshold may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes, such as respiratory diseases including silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. These diseases are progressive, and typically can take at least 10 years of prolonged exposure to develop symptoms. All silica dust-related diseases are preventable through using effective controls. This paper outlines a study on RCS exposure levels in hydraulic fracturing operations in Queensland. The objective of the study was to understand the adequacy of the current controls in place to protect workers against exposure to RCS following the reduction of the safe exposure levels.
- Published
- 2023
7. Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical performance after childhood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
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Jesper Christensen, Anders Boesen Lindbo Larsen, Casper Simonsen, Abigail L. Mackey, Anne Nissen, Klaus Müller, Hanne Bækgaard Larsen, Martin Kaj Fridh, and Peter Schmidt-Andersen
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Transplantation ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cardiorespiratory fitness ,Hematology ,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ,Mean difference ,surgical procedures, operative ,Physical performance ,Meta-analysis ,Muscle strength ,Medicine ,business ,Clinical risk factor ,Systematic search - Abstract
The effects of childhood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on key organs can impair cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and physical performance. We aimed to provide an overview of childhood HSCT survivors' status on these parameters compared with healthy controls and discuss current insights into clinical risk factors. We performed a systematic search in six scientific databases, including studies published before April 2019 and performed a meta-analysis on cardiorespiratory fitness. Muscle strength and physical performance status were presented narratively. We included ten studies embodying 517 childhood HSCT survivors (mean 17.8 years at follow-up). The meta-analysis (n = 4 studies) showed that childhood HSCT survivors have lower cardiorespiratory fitness compared with healthy controls (Standard mean difference (SMD) -1.32 [95% CI -1-58 to -1.07]; I2 2%, p < 0.00001). Collectively, the studies indicated that childhood HSCT survivors have lower muscle strength (n = 4 studies) and physical performance (n = 3 studies) compared with healthy controls. Childhood HSCT survivors have impaired cardiorespiratory fitness years after ended treatment. Muscle strength and physical performance seem to be impaired, although these measures are insufficiently investigated. Associations between HSCT-specific clinical risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and physical performance are required.
- Published
- 2021
8. Bryophyte species differ widely in their growth and N2-fixation responses to temperature
- Author
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Rzepczynska, Agnieszka Marta, Michelsen, Anders, Olsen, Maya Anne Nissen, Lett, Signe, Rzepczynska, Agnieszka Marta, Michelsen, Anders, Olsen, Maya Anne Nissen, and Lett, Signe
- Abstract
Bryophytes are abundant in tundra ecosystems, where they affect carbon and nitrogen cycling through primary production and associations with N-2-fixing bacteria. Bryophyte responses to climate warming are inconclusive, likely because species-specific responses are poorly understood. Here we investigated how warming affects the growth and nitrogenase activity of 10 tundra bryophyte species in two tundra landscapes. Collected bryophyte samples were grown in temperature-controlled growth chambers for 12 weeks at five temperatures from 3 to 18 degrees C. We measured growth, N concentration, delta N-15, and delta C-13 after 3 months and nitrogenase activity after 5 and 12 weeks. Bryophyte growth and associated nitrogenase activity generally increased with temperature, but species differed in their optima. Bryophyte N concentration and delta N-15 indicated that, for some species, increased N-2-fixation could not compensate for growth-induced N limitation. High landscape coverage and large positive warming effects on feather mosses and Sphagnum species highlight their competitive advantages, confirm earlier field observations, and contribute to the mechanistic understanding of differential bryophyte growth in response to warming. We suggest that indirect effects of climate change, such as surface drying and shrub expansion, are likely main threats to slow-growing bryophytes across the Arctic, with consequences for biodiversity and C balance.
- Published
- 2022
9. Bryophyte species differ widely in their growth and N2-fixation responses to temperature
- Author
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Rzepczynska, Agnieszka Marta, primary, Michelsen, Anders, additional, Olsen, Maya Anne Nissen, additional, and Lett, Signe, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Des processus de décroissance variés
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Anne Bretagnolle, Sophie Baudet-Michel, Nicolas Verdier, Marie-Charlotte Arnauld, Anne Nissen, Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sanders L., Bretagnolle A., Brun P., Ozouf-Marignier M.-V., and Verdier N.
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,EHGO ,COUV ,PARIS team ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2020
11. Former les futurs archéologues
- Author
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Haris Procopiou, Anne Nissen, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TranSphères, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Protohistoire égéenne (ProtoEgéenne), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03)
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[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,archéologie ,lcsh:Archaeology ,lcsh:CC1-960 ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
Depuis la parution du premier numero des Nouvelles de l’archeologie, l’evolution des cadres economiques et legislatifs a profondement modifie les pratiques de l’archeologie et le metier d’archeologue. Bien que cette evolution ait ete emaillee de crises successives, les progres de l’archeologie ont ete considerables, aussi bien dans les pratiques de terrain que dans l’exploitation des donnees. L’archeologie de sauvetage, devenue preventive au tournant du troisieme millenaire, a bouleverse les ...
- Published
- 2019
12. Lieux de pouvoir et voies navigables dans le sud de la Scandinavie avant 1300
- Author
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Jaubert, Anne Nissen, primary
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. A Pilot Study Showing Acute Inhibitory Effect of GLP‐1 on the Bone Resorption Marker CTX in Humans
- Author
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Simone Marstrand, Jens J. Holst, Lasse Bremholm, Mette M. Rosenkilde, Mads Hornum, Kirsa Skov-Jeppesen, Ulrik B. Andersen, Bolette Hartmann, and Anne Nissen
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system ,EXENATIDE ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,BONE RESORPTION ,Bone resorption ,Bone remodeling ,Osteoprotegerin ,GLUCAGON‐LIKE PEPTIDE‐1 ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Potency ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Orthopedic surgery ,biology ,Chemistry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Area under the curve ,Original Articles ,Glucagon-like peptide-1 ,BONE REMODELING ,Endocrinology ,RC925-935 ,Osteocalcin ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,CTX ,Exenatide ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,RD701-811 ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Bones have been suggested to be a target for glucagon‐like peptide ‐1 (GLP‐1); however, studies of the effects on human bones so far have given diverging results. We hypothesized that GLP‐1, together with glucagon‐like peptide‐2 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, plays a role in the gut–bone axis. We examined the acute effect of three GLP‐1 receptor ligands [GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide, GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide, and exenatide] on markers of bone remodeling. Eight healthy, normal‐weight participants, with a mean age of 24.3 years, were studied for 4 days in a double‐blinded, randomized clinical trial. Blood was collected before and after s.c. injection of GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide (1.5 nmol/kg), GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide (1.5 nmol/kg), exenatide (2.4 nmol/subject), or saline. Plasma was analyzed for bone markers and for osteoprotegerin (OPG), PTH, and IGF‐1 levels. All ligands were tested in vitro for their cAMP‐inducing activity on the human GLP‐1 receptor. GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide decreased CTX‐levels, compared with placebo (area under the curve [AUC] ±SD 0 to 120 min = –2143 ± 1294 % × min versus –883 ± 1557 % × min; p < 0.05). No difference was observed between placebo and GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide, or between placebo and exenatide, although exenatide had a similar potency as GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide for cAMP formation in vitro (EC50 of 0.093 and 0.054 nmol/L). However, exenatide reached maximum plasma concentration at 90 min versus 15 min for GLP‐1 (7‐36)amide, and plasma CTX was significantly decreased during the second hour of the study after exenatide injections compared with placebo (AUC ±SD –463.1 ± 218 % × min and –136 ± 91 % × min; p < 0.05). There was no effect of the injections on bone formation markers (P1NP and osteocalcin) or on OPG, PTH and IGF‐1 levels. In conclusion, we show that GLP‐1 receptor agonists, but not the primary metabolite GLP‐1 (9‐36)amide, decrease bone resorption, and suggest that GLP‐1 may be part of the gut–bone axis. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
- Published
- 2019
14. Le village médiéval et son environnement
- Author
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A. Settia, Aldo, Alexandre-Bidon, Danièle, Arcifa, Lucia, Bailly-Maître, Marie-Christine, Bazzana, André, Beck, Patrice, Bon, Philippe, Bresc, Henri, Bresc-Bautier, Geneviève, Burnouf, Joëlle, Charvàt, Petr, Colardelle, Michel, Comet, Georges, Dalarun, Jacques, Darnas, Isabelle, De Meulemeester, Johnny, Esquieu, Yves, Feller, Laurent, Gourdin, Philippe, Guerreau, Alain, Hubert, Étienne, Jaubert, Anne Nissen, Klapste, Jan, Lesnes, Élisabeth, Le Goff, Jacques, Lorcin, Marie-Thérèse, Mane, Perrine, Martin, Jean-Marie, Piponnier, Françoise, Poisson, Jean-Michel, Poklewski-Koziell, Tadeusz, Querrien, Armelle, Racinet, Philippe, Remacle, Claudine, Renoux, Annie, Reveyron, Nicolas, Roux, Simone, Sigaut, François, Trochet, Jean-René, Verdel, Éric, von Verschuer, Charlotte, Zadora-Rio, Élisabeth, Feller, Laurent, Mane, Perrine, and Piponnier, Françoise
- Subjects
village ,History ,architecture ,maison rurale ,Archaeology ,habitats ruraux ,HIS013000 ,habitat ,technique de construction ,maison ,habitation ,HBJD - Abstract
Depuis les années 1960, la contribution de J.-M. Pesez a été déterminante dans la définition des méthodes et des buts de l'archéologie médiévale en France. Initiateur des grandes enquêtes lancées autour de la question des désertions des habitats ruraux dans le courant du Moyen Age, il est une autorité en ce qui concerne le village et la civilisation matérielle médiévale. Il a présidé durant de nombreuses années le Conseil Supérieur de l'Archéologie. Au moment de son départ à la retraite, ses élèves et ses amis ont souhaité constituer un recueil thématique d'articles, et le lui offrir en hommage. Le volume est divisé en trois sections, qui correspondent aux trois axes des travaux et de renseignement de Jean-Marie Pesez : la maison (techniques de construction, distribution de l’espace, fonction de ses éléments), les habitants et les objets (technique de formation et de conservation), le finage (constitution du paysage, utilisation des terroirs) sont tour à tour abordes dans ce recueil qui présente un état de la recherche sur ces questions.
- Published
- 2019
15. Les finages et leurs rendements : l'exemple danois
- Author
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Jaubert, Anne Nissen
- Subjects
village ,History ,architecture ,maison rurale ,Archaeology ,habitats ruraux ,HIS013000 ,habitat ,technique de construction ,maison ,habitation ,HBJD - Abstract
Comme le reste de l’Occident, le Danemark a connu un formidable mouvement de défrichements durant les XIe-XIIIe siècle. Les cultures s'étendaient sur des terres de plus en plus arides. La grande crise du bas Moyen Âge offre aux ruraux des zones marginales la possibilité de quitter leur habitat et d’investir des terres vacantes dans les vieux terroirs. Ces établissements désertés dominent l’archéologie rurale médiévale avec des sites de référence comme Dracy, Essertines, Rougiers, la Grange du...
- Published
- 2019
16. Ports maritimes et ports fluviaux au Moyen Âge
- Author
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Arízaga Bolumburu, Beatriz, Balard, Michel, Bochaca, Michel, Cailleux, Philippe, Chapelot, Jean, Curveiller, Stéphane, Doumerc, Bernard, Fejic, Nenad, Grélois, Jean-Pierre, Hardy-Guilbert, Claire, Jaubert, Anne Nissen, Kervran, Monik, Lardin, Philippe, Le Jan, Régine, Malamut, Élisabeth, Monnet, Pierre, Penet, Hadrien, Picard, Christophe, Renel, Hélène, Rieth, Eric, Rossiaud, Jacques, Rougeulle, Axelle, Suttor, Marc, Teyssot, Josiane, Tranchant, Mathias, and Société des historiens médiévistes de l’Enseignement supérieur public
- Subjects
Medieval & Renaissance Studies ,History ,port fluvial ,espace urbain ,voie navigable ,activité portuaire ,port maritime ,HBLC ,HIS037010 ,navigation ,système portuaire ,topographie - Abstract
Le Moyen Âge apparaît, à bien des égards, comme un âge d'or des ports. Et d'abord parce qu'il fut une grande époque de navigation. La mer et le fleuve génèrent en effet des déplacements, des passages, des échanges en des sites soigneusement choisis et construits par l'homme. Ce sont ces sites maritimes et fluviaux, désignés par des termes issus du vieux nordique hofn ou du latin portus, qui font l'objet des études rassemblées ici. Répondant à l'invitation de la jeune université de La Rochelle, la Société des historiens médiévistes de l'Enseignement supérieur public y a tenu son XXXVe congrès en juin 2004. Comme il se devait dans un port atlantique et un lieu hautement symbolique, le thème retenu, Ports maritimes et ports fluviaux au Moyen Âge, touchait aux déplacements par voie d'eau. Les actes de la rencontre traitent donc de la navigation, mais aussi de toutes les activités qui lui étaient liées et des hommes qui s'y consacraient ou qui en dépendaient. Des rives de l'Atlantique à celle de la mer Noire et de la Baltique, en passant par la Méditerranée, et sans oublier les grands fleuves, les études que l'on va lire tirent parti des progrès de l'archéologie et d'une attention critique aux sources écrites pour reconstituer la topographie des sites portuaires, la variété des activités et des métiers liés aux fonctions des ports, les configurations des réseaux d'échanges construits ou non, ainsi que les mécanismes de prélèvement fiscaux et de contrôle des activités de ces lieux singuliers. Elles mettent ainsi en lumière les systèmes portuaires reliant les fleuves aux bassins maritimes, ainsi que les changements intervenus au cours des dix siècles médiévaux, en particulier de part et d'autre de la césure du xiiie siècle.
- Published
- 2019
17. Lieux de pouvoir et voies navigables dans le sud de la Scandinavie avant 1300
- Author
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Jaubert, Anne Nissen
- Subjects
Medieval & Renaissance Studies ,History ,port fluvial ,espace urbain ,voie navigable ,activité portuaire ,port maritime ,HBLC ,HIS037010 ,navigation ,système portuaire ,topographie - Abstract
Aujourd’hui comme hier, le Danemark et le sud de la Scandinavie sont des régions maritimes et la mer constitue la voie de communication par excellence. Le bateau y occupe une place centrale et les changements techniques dans la construction navale ont rapidement entraîné des conséquences économiques, sociales et politiques. L’utilisation de la voile à partir de la fin du viie siècle est souvent mise en relation avec la mise en place des grandes entités territoriales, notamment la formation du...
- Published
- 2019
18. Les finages et leurs rendements : l'exemple danois
- Author
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Jaubert, Anne Nissen, primary
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 1 H‐MRS measured ectopic fat in liver and muscle is associated with the metabolic syndrome in Danish girls but not in boys with overweight and obesity
- Author
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Jens-Christian Holm, Anne Nissen, Elizaveta Chabanova, Cilius Esmann Fonvig, Torben Hansen, Oluf Pedersen, Henrik S. Thomsen, Cæcilie Trier, and Christine Bøjsøe
- Subjects
obesity ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Overweight ,Ectopic fat ,Childhood obesity ,paediatrics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Original Articles ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Endocrinology ,Original Article ,metabolic syndrome X ,Metabolic syndrome ,Steatosis ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Dyslipidemia - Abstract
Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complication to overweight and obesity, which can be observed already in childhood. Ectopic lipid accumulation in muscle and liver has been shown to associate with the development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Thus, the interaction between Mets and ectopic fat may offer clinical relevance. Objectives To investigate the prevalence of MetS, or components hereof, and ectopic fat accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle tissue in children, as well as interactions between these. Methods Two-hundred-and-sixteen children and adolescents (95 boys) with overweight/obesity were investigated, as well as 47 controls (22 boys) with normal weight. The assessments included anthropometry, fasting blood biochemistry, and blood pressure measurements. Liver and muscle lipid contents were assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results We observed an odds ratio in girls with overweight/obesity of 12.2 (95% CI: [3.8; 49.0]) for exhibiting MetS when hepatic steatosis was present, whereas no association was observed in boys with overweight/obesity (odds ratio 0.7 [0.2; 2.7]). The odds ratio of exhibiting MetS in the presence of muscular steatosis was 3.5 [1.4; 9.5] in girls with overweight/obesity and 1.0 [0.2; 5.6] in boys with overweight/obesity. Similar results were seen for girls with overweight/obesity exhibiting concurrent hepatic and muscular steatoses. Conclusion Hepatic and muscular steatoses were associated with MetS among girls, but not among boys with overweight/obesity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00928473, the Danish Childhood Obesity Biobank. Registered June 25, 2009.
- Published
- 2016
20. Searching for the physiological role of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- Author
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Bolette Hartmann, Johanne Agerlin Windeløv, Jens Pedersen, Geke Aline Boer, Mikkel Christensen, Jens J. Holst, Meena Asmar, Anne Nissen, Berit Svendsen, and Signe S. Torekov
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Proceedings of INCRETIN 2015, A Symposium Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of the Discovery of GIP, 29–31 July 2015, Vancouver, Canada. This publication has been supported by: The Local Organizing Committee of INCRETIN 2015 ,Enteroendocrine Cells ,Mini Review ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Enteroendocrine cell ,Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Biology ,Glucagon ,Bone and Bones ,Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone ,Bone remodeling ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gastric inhibitory polypeptide ,Internal medicine ,Bone cell ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Review Articles ,Lipid metabolism ,General Medicine ,Lipid Metabolism ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Hormone - Abstract
Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was established as a gut hormone more than 40 years ago, and there is good experimental support for its role as an incretin hormone although deletion of the GIP receptor or the GIP cells or GIP receptor mutations have only minor effects on glucose metabolism. Unlike the related hormone, GLP‐1, GIP stimulates the secretion of glucagon, which in healthy individuals may help to stabilize glucose levels, but in people with type 2 diabetes may contribute to glucose intolerance. A role in lipid metabolism is supported by numerous indirect observations and by resistance to diet‐induced obesity after deletion of the GIP receptor. However, a clear effect on lipid clearance could not be identified in humans, raising doubt about its importance. The GIP receptor is widely expressed in the body and also appears to be expressed on bone cells, and experimental studies in rodent point to effects on bone metabolism. Recent studies revealed pronounced inhibitory effects of GIP on bone resorption markers in humans and suggest that GIP may be (one of the) gastrointestinal regulators of bone turn‐over. In support of this, a loss‐of‐function GIP receptor mutation in humans is associated with a marked increase in fracture risk. The lack of a reliable GIP receptor antagonist contributes to the uncertainty regarding the physiological role of GIP.
- Published
- 2016
21. Estimates of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in children and adolescents with and without components of the metabolic syndrome
- Author
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Jens-Christian Holm, Cæcilie Trier, Cilius Esmann Fonvig, Torben Hansen, Poul Jannik Bjerrum, Oluf Pedersen, Christine Frithioff-Bøjsøe, Julie T. Kloppenborg, Anne Nissen, and P.M. Mollerup
- Subjects
Male ,Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,Adolescent ,Obesity/physiopathology ,Childhood obesity ,Insulin resistance ,Metabolic syndrome X ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Internal medicine ,Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass index ,Obesity ,Child ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Glucose tolerance test ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Median body ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,Metabolic syndrome ,business - Abstract
The accumulation of components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a disturbed glucose metabolism in obese children.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between MetS and estimates of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function obtained from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived indices in lean and obese children.A 2-hour OGTT was administered in 83 children aged 7-17 years. 47 children were obese and recruited from a childhood obesity clinic and 36 were lean age- and sex-matched controls. Surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were assessed by the OGTT-derived indices: the Matsuda index, the insulinogenic index, and the oral disposition index. The severity of MetS was assessed by measures of waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose.The 83 children were allocated to one of three groups according to the number of components of MetS: the median body mass index standard deviation score was 0.2 (range -0.6-2.9) in the low MetS risk group (n=36), 2.8 (0.1-4.1) in the high MetS risk group (n=25), and 2.9 (2.1-4.4) in the MetS group (n=22). An increasing number of MetS components were associated with a lower insulin sensitivity and an altered β-cell function according to the Matsuda index (p0.0001), the insulinogenic index (p0.0001), and the oral disposition index (p=0.005).Children burdened by the accumulation of components of MetS exhibited a disturbed glucose metabolism as expressed by lowered peripheral insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.Wstęp. Akumulacja komponentów zespołu metabolicznego (MetS) związana jest z zaburzeniami metabolizmu węglowodanów u otyłych dzieci. Celem badania była ocena związku pomiędzy MetS i wskaźnikami wrażliwości na insulinę oraz funkcją komórek β na podstawie doustnego testu obciążenia glukozą (OGTT) u dzieci szczupłych i otyłych. Materiał i metody. 2-godzinny test OGTT wykonano u 83 dzieci w wieku 7–17 lat. 47 dzieci było otyłych i rekrutowanych z kliniki otyłości dziecięcej, a 36 było szczupłych, dobranych wiekowo i pod względem płci. W OGTT oceniono następujące wykładniki wrażliwości na insulinę oraz funkcji komórek β: index Matsudy, index insulinogeniczny, oraz index doustnego zużycia glukozy. Ciężkość zespołu metabolicznego oceniono na podstawie pomiarów obwodu talii, ciśnienia tętniczego krwi, stężenia triglicerydów, HDL-cholesterolu oraz glukozy. Wyniki. 83 badanych podzielono na trzy grupy w zależności od liczby komponentów zespołu metabolicznego: w grupie niskiego ryzyka MetS mediana SDS indeksu masy ciała wynosiła 0,2 (zakres 0,6–2,9)(n=36), 2,8 (0,1–4,1) w grupie wysokiego ryzyka (n=25), i 2,9 (2,1–4,4) w grupie z MetS (n=22). Wzrastająca liczba komponentów zespołu metabolicznego była związana z mniejszą wrażliwością na insulinę i upośledzoną funkcją komórek β na podstawie indeksu Matsudy (p0,0001), insulinogenicznego (p0,0001) oraz wskaźnika doustnego zużycia glukozy (p=0,005). Wnioski. Dzieci z akumulacją komponentów MetS wykazują nieprawidłowy metabolizm glukozy, wyrażony w postaci zmniejszonej wrażliwości na insulinę i zmniejszonej funkcji komórek β.
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- 2017
22. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Inhibits Bone Resorption in Humans
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Filip K. Knop, Bolette Hartmann, Mikkel B. Christensen, Anne Nissen, Tina Vilsbøll, and Jens J. Holst
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Incretin ,Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ,Biology ,Peptide hormone ,Biochemistry ,Bone and Bones ,Collagen Type I ,Bone resorption ,Bone remodeling ,Young Adult ,Endocrinology ,Gastric inhibitory polypeptide ,Internal medicine ,Bone cell ,medicine ,Humans ,Bone Resorption ,Pancreatic hormone ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Fasting ,Hyperglycemia ,Glucose Clamp Technique ,Peptides ,Hyperglycemic agent ,Biomarkers ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
In humans, the pronounced postprandial reduction in bone resorption (decreasing bone resorption markers by around 50%) has been suggested to be caused by gut hormones. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a peptide hormone secreted postprandially from the small intestine. The hormone is known as an incretin hormone, but preclinical studies have suggested that it may also influence bone metabolism, showing both antiresorptive and anabolic effects as reflected by changes in biomechanical measures, microarchitecture, and activity of the bone cells in response to GIP stimulation. Its role in human bone homeostasis, however, is unknown.To examine the effect of GIP administration on bone resorption in humans.Plasma samples were obtained from 10 healthy subjects during four conditions: euglycemic (5 mmol/L) and hyperglycemic (12 mmol/L) 90-minute glucose clamps with co-infusion of GIP (4 pmol/kg/min for 15 min, followed by 2 pmol/kg/min for 45 min) or placebo. The samples were analyzed for concentrations of degradation products of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), a bone resorption marker. RESULTS regarding effects on pancreatic hormone secretion have been published.During euglycemia, the decremental area under the curve in CTX was significantly (P.001) higher during GIP infusion (2084 ± 686 % × min) compared to saline infusion (656 ± 295 % × min). During hyperglycemia, GIP infusion significantly (P.001) augmented the decremental area under the curve to 2785 ± 446 % × minutes, compared to 1308 ± 448 % × minutes during saline infusion, with CTX values corresponding to 49% of basal values.We conclude that GIP reduces bone resorption in humans, interacting with a possible effect of hyperglycemia.
- Published
- 2014
23. 2. Early Middle Ages, 500-1000
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Jean-Pierre Devroey and Anne Nissen
- Published
- 2015
24. Early Medieval Religion and Social Power: A Comparative Study of Rural Elites and Church Building in Northern France and Southern Scandinavia
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Anne Nissen
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Geography ,Social power ,Ancient history - Published
- 2015
25. Prospection du lit mineur et des berges sur le site médiéval de Taillebourg - Port-d’Envaux (Charente-Maritime) : un secteur d’activité lié à la Charente
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Jean-François Mariotti, Annie Dumont, Vivien Mathé, Adrien Camus, François Lévêque, Anne Nissen Jaubert, Olivia Hulot, Sandra Greck, and Béatrice Szepertyski
- Abstract
The village of Taillebourg is situated on the right bank of the Charente river about 40 km from the Atlantic Ocean. On the opposite bank is the village of Port-d’Envaux, in the alluvial plain which forms the main channel of the Charente. Tide influence can be seen as far as Taillebourg and beyond : this phenomenon, combined with a strong currant at this point of the river, allowed certain types of sea faring boats to come upriver, thus favorising port activities. The medieval port site at Taillebourg – Port-d’Envaux has revealed numerous remains dating primarily from the VIIth and Xth centuries. Fifteen logboats, three wrecks, structural remains including a late IXth century dyke, as well as numerous objects (pottery, weapons, tools) are all conserved at a depth of 8 m along a succession of three shallows. Subaquatic prospecting revealed three objects, the identities of which are definitely scandinavian (two axes and a ring) and other objects (leads and an anchor) which are probably of scandinavian origin. In addition, amongst the abundant archaeological finds collected from the river, there are objects, particulary arms, which correspond chronologically with the period of the viking raids (IXth century) but which are not of clear scandinavian origin and could equally correspond to the local population. A geophysical survey was performed on the banks adjoining the site. The aim was to find potential remains of a settlement of the banks that could be linked with fittings of the river’s bed. A magnetic cartography, completed with electromagnetic data (Slingram method), was realized with a caesium vapor magnetometer on 13 000 m2. No structure can’t be highlight with assurance ; however, in boundaries of the map appear some parallel and parpendicular linear anomalies with probably anthropic origin., Les prospections subaquatiques menées sur le site portuaire médiéval de Taillebourg – Port-d’Envaux (situé à environ 40 km de l’Océan Atlantique), ont livré de nombreux vestiges datés entre les VIIe et Xe siècles ; pirogues monoxyles, épaves assemblées, vestiges structurés et objets variés (céramiques, armes, outils) sont répartis sur ou aux abords de trois hauts-fonds. Le corpus comprend également des éléments qui trouvent des comparaisons typologiques et stylistiques dans l’Europe du Nord ainsi que des productions qui correspondent à l’époque des raids vikings (IXe siècle) mais qui peuvent aussi bien être associées aux populations locales qu’aux vikings. Une prospection géophysique conduite sur les berges a mis en évidence des anomalies linéaires dont l’origine anthropique et la relation avec l’aménagement du lit du fleuve sont probables., Mariotti Jean-François, Dumont Annie, Mathé Vivien, Camus Adrien, Lévêque François, Jaubert Anne Nissen, Hulot Olivia, Greck Sandra, Szepertyski Béatrice. Prospection du lit mineur et des berges sur le site médiéval de Taillebourg - Port-d’Envaux (Charente-Maritime) : un secteur d’activité lié à la Charente. In: Aquitania : une revue inter-régionale d'archéologie, tome 21, 2005. pp. 299-336.
- Published
- 2005
26. Lieux de pouvoir et voies navigables dans le sud de la Scandinavie avant 1300
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Anne Nissen-Jaubert
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General Medicine - Abstract
Nissen-Jaubert Anne. Lieux de pouvoir et voies navigables dans le sud de la Scandinavie avant 1300. In: Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l'enseignement supérieur public, 35ᵉ congrès, La Rochelle, 2004. Ports maritimes et ports fluviaux au Moyen Age. pp. 217-233.
- Published
- 2004
27. Bibliographie
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Joëlle Burnouf, Danielle Arribet-Deroin, Bruno Desachy, Florence Journot, and Anne Nissen-Jaubert
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- 2012
28. Chapitre 6 - L’espace rural
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Anne Nissen-Jaubert
- Published
- 2012
29. Manuel d'archéologie médiévale et moderne
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Joëlle Burnouf, Danielle Arribet-Derouin, Bruno Desachy, Florence Journot, and Anne Nissen-Jaubert
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- 2012
30. Conclusion
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Joëlle Burnouf, Danielle Arribet-Derouin, Bruno Desachy, Florence Journot, and Anne Nissen-Jaubert
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- 2012
31. Introduction
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Joëlle Burnouf, Danielle Arribet-Derouin, Bruno Desachy, Florence Journot, and Anne Nissen-Jaubert
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- 2012
32. Gérer la terre sans écrit, est-ce possible ?
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Anne Nissen-Jaubert
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Linguistics and Language ,History ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Language and Linguistics - Abstract
Kan een domein beheerd worden zonder geschriften ? Onze kennis van het landbeheer steunt voornamelijk op geschreven bronnen. Op het eerste gezicht zijn archeologische data nutteloos om inzicht te verwerven in die materie. Nochtans is het documentaire bewijsmateriaal beperkt tot specifieke streken en het heeft enkel betrekking op grote domeinen. De vraag stelt zich dus hoe elites hun inkomen beheerden zonder gebruik te (kunnen) maken van administratieve geschriften. In de afgelopen decennia hebben grootschalige opgravingen het mogelijk gemaakt om rurale nederzettingen over heel Noord-West Europa te vergelijken en chronologische trends te onderscheiden. Greppels en omheiningen bakenen de boerderijen af en bepalen de vormgeving van de rurale sites. Geregelde en mogelijk zelfs geplande landindelingen bestonden al in Noord-Europa en later in de oude Romeinse provincies. Het geregelde uitzicht van de nederzettingen is bijzonder opvallend tijdens de tweede fase van de vroege middeleeuwen. De Scandinavische landbouwsystemen bolskifte en solskifte geven enkele aanwijzingen betreffende landuitbatingsmethoden zonder geschreven ondersteuning, door hun referentie aan de toft, het bebouwde hoevegedeelte.
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- 2012
33. 2. Family, income and labour around the North Sea, 500–1000
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Jean-Pierre Devroey and Anne Nissen Jaubert
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- 2011
34. La femme riche. Quelques réflexions sur la signification des sépultures féminines privilégiées dans le Nord-Ouest Européen
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Anne Nissen Jaubert
- Published
- 2010
35. Un ou plusieurs royaumes danois ?
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Anne Nissen Jaubert, Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours
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Archéologie ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,rayonnement ,espaces ,royaumes ,élites ,VIe au IXe siècle ,Danemark ,mobilité ,domination - Abstract
Ed. P. Depreux
- Published
- 2007
36. Lieux de pouvoir et voies navigables dans le sud de la Scandinavie avant 1300
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Anne Nissen Jaubert
- Published
- 2005
37. Some Aspects of Viking Research in France
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Anne Nissen Jaubert, Doyen, Gabriel, Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours
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Les mondes scandinaves ,010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,History ,060102 archaeology ,colonisation ,migrations ,Art history ,06 humanities and the arts ,01 natural sciences ,Mouvements de peuples ,Sources archéologiques (Joelle Burnouf) ,invasions ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,0601 history and archaeology ,voyages ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Place: Copenhague Publisher: Munksgaard
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- 2000
38. Le village médiéval et son environnement
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François Sigaut, Anne Nissen Jaubert, Lucia Arcifa, Isabelle Darnas, Jean-Marie Martin, Jacques Dalarun, Joëlle Burnouf, Elisabeth Lesnes, Perrine Mane, Philippe Gourdin, Claudine Remacle, Le Goff Jacques, Jean-René Trochet, Élisabeth Zadora-Rio, Eric Verdel, Françoise Piponnier, Armelle Querrien, Simone Roux, Petr Charvát, Philippe Bon, De Meulemeester Johnny, Marie-Thérèse Lorcin, Danièle Alexandre-Bidon, Laurent Feller, Jean-Michel Poisson, Yves Esquieu, Georges Comet, Marie-Christine Bailly-Maître, Alain Guerreau, Nicolas Reveyron, Philippe Racinet, Tadeusz Poklewski-Koziell, Étienne Hubert, Henri Bresc, Jan Klapste, Geneviève Bresc-Bautier, Annie Renoux, von Verschuer Charlotte, Michel Colardelle, A. Settia Aldo, André Bazzana, and Patrice Beck
- Abstract
Depuis les annees 1960, la contribution de J.-M. Pesez a ete determinante dans la definition des methodes et des buts de l'archeologie medievale en France. Initiateur des grandes enquetes lancees autour de la question des desertions des habitats ruraux dans le courant du Moyen Age, il est une autorite en ce qui concerne le village et la civilisation materielle medievale. Il a preside durant de nombreuses annees le Conseil Superieur de l'Archeologie. Au moment de son depart a la retraite, ses eleves et ses amis ont souhaite constituer un recueil thematique d'articles, et le lui offrir en hommage. Le volume est divise en trois sections, qui correspondent aux trois axes des travaux et de renseignement de Jean-Marie Pesez : la maison (techniques de construction, distribution de l’espace, fonction de ses elements), les habitants et les objets (technique de formation et de conservation), le finage (constitution du paysage, utilisation des terroirs) sont tour a tour abordes dans ce recueil qui presente un etat de la recherche sur ces questions.
- Published
- 1998
39. Les finages et leurs rendements : l'exemple danois
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Anne Nissen Jaubert
- Published
- 1998
40. Systèmes agraires dans le sud de la Scandinavie entre 200 et 1200
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Jaubert, Anne Nissen
- Abstract
Nissen-Jaubert Anne. Systèmes agraires dans le sud de la Scandinavie entre 200 et 1200. In: L'homme et la nature au Moyen Âge. Paléoenvironnement des sociétés occidentales. Actes du Ve Congrès international d'Archéologie Médiévale (Grenoble, 6-9 octobre 1993) Caen : Société d'Archéologie Médiévale, 1996. pp. 76-86. (Actes des congrès de la Société d'archéologie médiévale, 5)
- Published
- 1996
41. Les sacrifices de butin de guerre dans le Sud de la Scandinavie à partir des recherches de la vallée d'Illerup au Danemark
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Ilkaer, Jorgen and Jaubert, Anne Nissen
- Abstract
Ilkaer Jorgen, Nissen-Jaubert Anne. Les sacrifices de butin de guerre dans le Sud de la Scandinavie à partir des recherches de la vallée d'Illerup au Danemark. In: La noblesse romaine et les chefs Barbares du IIIe au VIIe siècle. Actes du Colloque International organisé par le Musée des Antiquités Nationales et l'URA 880 du CNRS (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 16-19 mai 1992) Chelles : Association française d'archéologie mérovingienne, 1995. pp. 101-112. (Mémoires de l'Association française d'archéologie mérovingienne)
- Published
- 1995
42. Centre. PCR Habitat rural du Moyen Âge en région Centre
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Anne Nissen and Sébastien Jesset
- Subjects
General Arts and Humanities - Published
- 2010
43. Prospection du lit mineur et des berges sur le site médiéval de Taillebourg - Port-d’Envaux (Charente-Maritime) : un secteur d’activité lié à la Charente
- Author
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Mariotti, Jean-François, primary, Dumont, Annie, additional, Mathé, Vivien, additional, Camus, Adrien, additional, Lévêque, François, additional, Jaubert, Anne Nissen, additional, Hulot, Olivia, additional, Greck, Sandra, additional, and Szepertyski, Béatrice, additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Some Aspects of Viking Research in France
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Jaubert, Anne Nissen, primary
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Royal Castles during the Reign of Erik Menved (1286–1319)
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JAUBERT, ANNE NISSEN, primary
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Voies fluviales et itinéraires terrestres de Poitiers : des premières phases urbaines jusqu'à la fin du XVIIe siècle
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Gorin, Camille, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TranSphères, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Panthéon-Sorbonne, Anne Nissen (directrice), Frédéric Gerber (tuteur), and Sandrine Robert (tutrice)
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,city ,river ,itinerary ,ville ,itinéraires ,rivière - Abstract
Waterways and land routes influence the internal organization of cities and determine their importance in urban networks. At the same time, bridges, embankments, mills and other installations have consequences for the sedimentary dynamics of waterways. These Human-Environment interactions have been largely investigated by the so-called waterfront archaeology, which focuses on the development of riverbanks and waterfronts. In France, this research topic has been growing since 1970s thanks to the CNRS's PIREN program (Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Program) and the development of river archaeology. Nevertheless, the articulation of waterways with land routes together with their impact on the hierarchy of road networks in the urban fabric and in the organization of the urban environment received much minor attention. These matters are at the core of this work, focusing on waterways and the terrestrial routes of Poitiers.Poitiers is located in an area with an irregular topography, formed by a vast promontory of about 250 ha, at the confluence of the Clain and the Boivre river. The topographical context and the role of Poitiers as a crossroads in relation to the major ancient land routes (Tours-Saintes, Nantes-Bourges, Limoges) and to the river traffic of the Clain (which joins the Vienne river and then the Loire) makes it a particularly relevant case study. Through six years of surveys on the rivers of Poitiers, with sonar surveys and underwater observations, we have identified several previously unknown river installations and crossing points. Thanks to these new data, we examined how the topography and the layout of access points (fords, bridges, ferries) influenced the development of the main streets in Poitiers and of various centers in the city and its surroundings (castle, monasteries, market, etc.). We also investigated the consequences of river developments on sediment dynamics and navigation study (evolution and diversity of boats through time). Observations made during several preventive operations on the banks of the Clain suggest a significant rise in the level of the river since the ancient period of the order of 1 m to 1.80 m.Although it has never been a major river artery, the Clain provides access to the river traffic of the Vienne, which joins the Loire at Candes-Saint-Martin. In 2013, the discovery of a roman quay on the banks of the city of Vieux-Poitiers (25 km downstream Poitiers) and of late antique riverbank developments at Cenon-sur-Vienne (Clain-Vienne confluence), led a reconsideration of the navigability of the Clain river since Antiquity. In the town of Poitiers, although no port facilities have been identified, a fluvial port is mentioned in 1259, then around 1285 and in 1387. Subsequently, from 1429 to 1670, several interventions in the river demonstrate the intention to improve navigation, probably linked to changes in shipbuilding (locks, canals, dredging, etc.). These observations raise broader questions about the importance of modest rivers in navigation over time, in connection with the evolution of shipbuilding.Finally, at a time when rivers are subject of numerous works in connection with ecological continuity and the removal of obstacles to flow (i.e. dams and weirs), it is urgent to improve knowledge of this fluvial heritage. Last but not least, the dissemination and promotion of this same knowledge finds even more importance nowadays, when archaeological remains are constantly being destroyed.; Les voies fluviales et terrestres influencent l’organisation interne des villes et déterminent leur importance dans les réseaux urbains. En même temps, les ponts, berges, moulins et autres installations ont des conséquences sur les dynamiques sédimentaires des voies fluviales. Ces interactions Humain-Milieu occupent une grande place dans la waterfront archaeology, qui porte plus particulièrement sur l’aménagement des rives et des fronts de mer. En France, cette archéologie s’est développée à partir des années 1970 dans le cadre du programme PIREN du CNRS (Programme Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Environnement) et de l'archéologie fluviale. L’articulation des voies fluviales avec les itinéraires terrestres et leur impact sur la hiérarchisation des réseaux viaires dans le tissu urbain et dans l'organisation de l’environnement des villes sont en revanche moins étudiés. Ces thématiques sont au cœur du travail consacré aux voies d’accès et aux réseaux viaires de Poitiers. La ville est implantée sur un secteur au relief mouvementé, formé par un vaste promontoire d’environ 250 ha, au confluent du Clain et de la Boivre. Le contexte topographique et le rôle de carrefour de Poitiers par rapport aux grands axes antiques terrestres (Tours-Saintes, Nantes-Bourges, Limoges) et au trafic fluvial du Clain (qui rejoint la vallée de la Vienne, puis la Loire) en fait un cas d’étude particulièrement pertinent. Six années de prospections inventaire puis thématique sur les rivières de Poitiers, avec la réalisation de relevés sonar et d’observations subaquatiques, ont permis d’inventorier plusieurs aménagements fluviaux et points de franchissement inconnus jusqu’alors. Grâce à ces nouvelles données, il s’agit d’examiner comment la topographie et l’aménagement des points d’accès (gués, ponts, bacs) ont influencé la mise en place des rues principales dans Poitiers et de différents pôles dans la ville et dans ses alentours (château, monastères, marché, etc.). Les conséquences des aménagements fluviaux sur les dynamiques sédimentaires et la navigation constituent un autre volet de l’étude (évolution et diversité des bateaux à travers le temps). Des observations effectuées lors de plusieurs opérations préventives sur les rives du Clain suggèrent une élévation significative du niveau de la rivière depuis la période antique : de l’ordre de 1 m à 1,80 m.Bien que n’ayant jamais été une grande artère fluviale, le Clain permet un accès au trafic fluvial de la Vienne, qui rejoint la Loire à Candes-Saint-Martin. La découverte en 2013 d’un quai antique sur les rives de l’agglomération de Vieux-Poitiers (à 25 km en aval de Poitiers) et d’aménagements de berge de l’Antiquité tardive à Cenon-sur-Vienne (confluence Clain-Vienne), ont permis de reconsidérer les navigabilités du Clain depuis l’Antiquité. Au niveau de la ville de Poitiers, bien qu’aucun aménagement portuaire n’ait été repéré, un port fluvial est mentionné en 1259 puis vers 1285 et en 1387. Par la suite, de 1429 jusqu’à 1670, des projets d'aménagements témoignent, à plusieurs reprises, de la volonté de faciliter la navigation, probablement en lien avec l’évolution de la construction navale (écluses, canaux, curages, etc.). Ces observations soulèvent des questions plus larges concernant l’importance des rivières modestes dans les navigations à travers le temps, en lien avec l’évolution de la construction navale.Pour finir, dans une période où les cours d’eau font l’objet de nombreux aménagements en lien avec la continuité écologique des cours d’eau et l’effacement des obstacles à l’écoulement (à savoir les barrages et les seuils), il est urgent de mieux connaître ce patrimoine fluvial autant que de le valoriser. Lorsque les vestiges sont en constante destruction…
- Published
- 2022
47. Identifier les équipements et les pratiques de labours entre l’Antiquité et le Moyen Âge. Discussion autour des sources disponibles
- Author
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Anaïs Berson, Guillaume Huitorel, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie de la Gaule : structures économiques et sociales (GAMA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Départemental d'Archéologie de Seine-et-Marne (SDASM), Anne Nissen, Anaïs Berson, Agathe Riou, Cristina Gonçalves-Buissart, and Guillaume Huitorel
- Subjects
Archéologie gallo-romaine ,Labours ,Gaule romaine ,Araire ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Rural archaeology ,Archéologie rurale ,Outillage gallo-romain ,Roman Gaul ,Roman tools ,Roman archaeology - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2022
48. La construction en pan de bois dans l'habitat orléanais (XVe - XVIe siècles)
- Author
-
Alix, Clément, Centre d'études supérieures de la Renaissance UMR 7323 (CESR), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joëlle Burnouf, Danielle Arribet-Deroin, Bruno Desachy, Florence Journot, Anne Nissen-Jaubert, Alix, Clément, and Joëlle Burnouf, Danielle Arribet-Deroin, Bruno Desachy, Florence Journot, Anne Nissen-Jaubert
- Subjects
Moyen Âge ,Renaissance ,[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,habitat urbain ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,pan de bois ,techniques de construction ,archéologie du bâti - Published
- 2009
49. Les ' caves ' des maisons d'Orléans (XIIe - début XVe siècles)
- Author
-
Alix, Clément, Alix, Clément, Joëlle Burnouf, Danielle Arribet-Deroin, Bruno Desachy, Florence Journot, Anne Nissen-Jaubert, Centre d'études supérieures de la Renaissance UMR 7323 (CESR), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joëlle Burnouf, Danielle Arribet-Deroin, Bruno Desachy, Florence Journot, and Anne Nissen-Jaubert
- Subjects
Moyen Âge ,caves ,[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,habitat urbain ,carrières ,techniques de construction ,[SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history ,[SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history ,architecture domestique - Published
- 2009
50. L'évolution des pratiques culinaires au bas Moyen Age dans le nord de la France
- Author
-
Chantran, Aurélie, STAR, ABES, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, Anne Nissen Jaubert, Bruno Laurioux, and Danielle Arribet-Deroin
- Subjects
Histoire de l'alimentation ,Tracéologie ,[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Cuisine ,Archéologie médiévale ,[SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history ,Use-wear analysis ,Archaeology of techniques ,Culture matérielle ,Medieval archeology ,Food hidtory ,[SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history ,Cooking ,Material culture ,Archéologie des techniques - Abstract
Was there in the Middle Ages, as in present world, different way of cooking depending on the region, the social backgrounds ? Do these specificities evolve through the long millennium that the Middle Ages represent? Several elements allowed to envisage a change in culinary practices between the 12th century and the 15th century in the north of France. To understand what exactly these changes are, this thesis explores, through innovative methods, ways to perceive the details of medieval cooking through two aspects. The first one is the study of cooking methods used, based on recipies that have been put in writing, cooking traces visible on cooking containers, food residue trapped in their surface, and animal bones found on archaeological sites. The second is the kitchen environment : the equipment available, specially the type of fireplace used according to the different types of contexts and the place of the kitchen itself., Existait-il au Moyen Âge, comme on peut le voir aujourd’hui, une cuisine différente selon les région, les milieux sociaux ? Ces cuisines évoluent-elles à travers le long millénaire que représente le Moyen Âge ? Plusieurs éléments permettent d’envisager un changement dans les pratiques culinaires entre le XIIe siècle et le XVe siècle dans le nord de la France. Pour comprendre Quels sont exactement ces changements, cette thèse explore, grâce à des méthodes innovantes, les moyens de percevoir les détails de la cuisine médiévale à travers deux aspects. Le premier est l’étude des modes de cuisson employés, à partir des textes de recettes, des traces de cuisson visibles sur les récipients, des résidus alimentaires prisonniers dans leurs parois, et des os animaux retrouvés sur les sites archéologiques. Le second est l’environnement de cuisine : l’équipement disponible, en particulier les foyers utilisés selon les différents types de contextes et la place de la cuisine en tant que lieu.
- Published
- 2022
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