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1. Fumagillin Shortage: How to Treat Enterocytozoon bieneusi Microsporidiosis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in 2024?

Author: Cyril Garrouste, Philippe Poirier, Charlotte Uro-Coste, Xavier Iriart, Nassim Kamar, Julie Bonhomme, Eve Calvar, Solène Le Gal, Luca Lanfranco, Brice Autier, Lucien Rakoff, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Clément Danthu, Florent Morio, Clément Deltombe, Alicia Moreno-Sabater, Nacera Ouali, Damien Costa, Dominique Bertrand, Adélaïde Chesnay, Philippe Gatault, Meja Rabodonirina, Emmanuel Morelon, Jérôme Dumortier, Emilie Sitterlé, Anne Scemla, Samia Hamane, Laurène Cachera, Céline Damiani, Coralie Poulain, Coralie L’Ollivier, Valérie Moal, Laurence Delhaes, Hannah Kaminski, Estelle Cateau, Laure Ecotière, Julie Brunet, Sophie Caillard, Stéphane Valot, Claire Tinel, Nicolas Argy, Quentin Raimbourg, Marie Gladys Robert, Johan Noble, Aude Boignard, Françoise Botterel, Marie Matignon, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Thomas Crépin, Jordan Leroy, Arnaud Lionet, Anne Debourgogne, Muriel Nicolas, Joëlle Claudéon, Maxime Moniot, Céline Lambert, and Céline Nourrisson
Subjects: solid organ transplant, nitazoxanide, microsporidiosis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, infectious diarrhea, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract: Intestinal microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an opportunistic infection that especially affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Management revolves around tapering the immunosuppressive regimen and/or using a specific anti-microsporidia treatment, but only fumagillin has demonstrated efficacy for treatment of this infection. Since fumagillin has been commercially discontinued, nitazoxanide is increasingly being used in this indication. We aimed to describe therapeutic management of E. bieneusi infections in this context. We conducted a French nationwide observational retrospective study on reported cases of E. bieneusi infections in SOT recipients. We identified 154 cases: 64 (41.6%) were managed by simply modifying the immunosuppressive regimen, 54 (35.1%) were given fumagillin, and 36 (23.4%) were given nitazoxanide. Clinical remission rate ranged from 77.8% to 90.7% and was not significantly different between therapeutic strategies but tended to be lower with nitazoxanide. Stool negativization rate was highest with fumagillin (91.7%) and lowest with nitazoxanide (28.6%). Relapses occurred in 6.9% of cases and were more frequent with nitazoxanide (14.3%). This study shows that tapering immunosuppression can result in a satisfactory remission rate but is sometimes accompanied by relapses. Nitazoxanide had limited effectiveness, whereas fumagillin had good results that provide a solid rationale for bringing fumagillin back to market.Trial Registration NumberClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05417815.
Published: 2024
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2. Interactions between Bacteria and Aspergillus fumigatus in Airways: From the Mycobiome to Molecular Interactions

Author: Anne Debourgogne, Lorra Monpierre, Khadeeja Adam Sy, Isabel Valsecchi, Jean-Winoc Decousser, and Françoise Botterel
Subjects: Aspergillus fumigatus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, polymicrobial biofilms, mixed biofilm, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Interactions between different kingdoms of microorganisms in humans are common but not well described. A recent analysis of the mycobiome has described the presence of different fungi and their positive and/or negative interactions with bacteria and other fungi. In chronic respiratory diseases, these different microorganisms form mixed biofilms to live inside. The interactions between Gram-negative bacteria and filamentous fungi in these biofilms have attracted more attention recently. In this review, we analyse the microbiota of the respiratory tract of healthy individuals and patients with chronic respiratory disease. Additionally, we describe the regulatory mechanisms that rule the mixed biofilms of Aspergillus fumigatus and Gram-negative bacteria and the effects of this biofilm on clinical presentations.
Published: 2023
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3. Characterisation of the antifungal effects of a plant-based compound, CIN-102, on the main septal filamentous fungi involved in human pathology

Author: Maurine D'Agostino, Nicolas Tesse, Rose Anne Lavergne, Patrice Le Pape, Jean Philippe Bouchara, Jean Pol Frippiat, Marie Machouart, and Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: Antifungal, Fungi, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Scedosporium, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: ABSTRACT: Objectives: Today, the increase of invasive fungal infections and the emergence of resistant strains are observed in medical practice. New antifungals are expected, and the plant world offers a panel of potentially active molecules. CIN-102 is a mixture of seven different compounds of plant origin developed from the formulation of cinnamon essential oil. Methods: The in vitro activity of CIN-102 was characterised against Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Scedosporium spp. by studying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), inoculum effect, germination inhibition, fungal growth, post-antifungal effect (PAFE) and synergy. Results: MICs determined for the three genera followed a unimodal distribution and their mean values ranged from 62–250 μg/mL. CIN-102 demonstrated an inoculum effect similar to voriconazole and amphotericin B, 100% inhibition of spore germination and a PAFE. Conclusion: CIN-102 has significant activity against filamentous fungi involved in human pathologies and should be further explored as a potential new treatment. Other studies regarding its mechanisms of action as well as animal investigations are awaited.
Published: 2021
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4. Fusarium infections: Epidemiological aspects over 10 years in a university hospital in France

Author: Benoît Thomas, Nelly Contet Audonneau, Marie Machouart, and Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: Fusarium, Fusariosis, Keratitis, Onychomycosis, Fungemia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Background: Fusarium is an environmental mold that causes deep or superficial mycosis in immunocompromised or immunocompetent patients respectively. Methods: This epidemiological study evaluated the frequency of Fusarium infections in our university hospital center in France over a decade from 2007 to 2016 and its representativeness in the main clinical infections. Results: A total of 715 Fusarium sp. were isolated from various sampling sites. Fusarium was detected in 0.47% of blood cultures, 31.1% of ophthalmic samples, and 8.48% of nail samples. The frequency of Fusarium infections was stable over this decade. Conclusions: The main Fusarium species complexes recorded in this study were Fusarium oxysporum species complex and Fusarium solani species complex, indicating the importance of Fusarium as a fungal agent that should be considered in clinical practice. A focus on invasive fusarioses shows that they all occur in hematology patients.
Published: 2020
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5. Simulated Microgravity Created Using a Random Positioning Machine Induces Changes in the Physiology of the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Author: Maurine D’Agostino, Anne-Lyse Babin, Marie Zaffino, Jean-Pol Frippiat, Marie Machouart, and Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), simulated microgravity, ground-based facilities, random positioning machine, biofilm, growth, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Fusarium is a phytopathogenic fungus involved in human pathology and is present in space stations. It is essential to understand the effects of microgravity on the physiology of this fungus to determine the potential risks to the health of crew members and to propose the necessary countermeasures. This study aimed to determine changes in the physiological parameters of the Fusarium solani species complex under simulated microgravity generated using a random positioning machine (RPM) and phenotypic approaches. We observed increased growth, spore production, and germination while biofilm production was reduced under RPM exposure. These in vitro data show the importance of further studying this fungus as it has been repeatedly demonstrated that microgravity weakens the immune system of astronauts.
Published: 2022
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6. CYP51 Mutations in the Fusarium solani Species Complex: First Clue to Understand the Low Susceptibility to Azoles of the Genus Fusarium

Author: Pierre Vermeulen, Arnaud Gruez, Anne-Lyse Babin, Jean-Pol Frippiat, Marie Machouart, and Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: Fusarium, antifungal susceptibility, CYP51, azole, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are cosmopolitan filamentous fungi responsible for invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Despite the treatment recommendations, many strains show reduced sensitivity to voriconazole. The objective of this work was to investigate the potential relationship between azole susceptibility and mutations in CYP51 protein sequences. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for azole antifungals have been determined using the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) microdilution method on a panel of clinical and environmental strains. CYP51A, CYP51B and CYP51C genes for each strain have been sequenced using the Sanger method. Amino acid substitutions described in multiple azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (mtrAf) strains have been sought and compared with other Fusarium complexes’ strains. Our results show that FSSC exhibit point mutations similar to those described in mtrAf. Protein sequence alignments of CYP51A, CYP51B and CYP51C have highlighted different profiles based on sequence similarity. A link between voriconazole MICs and protein sequences was observed, suggesting that these mutations could be an explanation for the intrinsic azole resistance in the genus Fusarium. Thus, this innovative approach provided clues to understand low azole susceptibility in FSSC and may contribute to improving the treatment of FSSC infection.
Published: 2022
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7. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with or without AIDS, France

Author: Antoine Roux, Emmanuel Canet, Sandrine Valade, Florence Gangneux-Robert, Samia Hamane, Ariane Lafabrie, Daniéle Maubon, Anne Debourgogne, Soléne Le Gal, Fréderic Dalle, Marion Leterrier, Dominique Toubas, Christelle Pomares, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Julie Bonhomme, Antoine Berry, Isabelle Durand-Joly, Denis Magne, Denis Pons, Christophe Hennequin, Eric Maury, Patricia Roux, and Élie Azoulay
Subjects: Immune suppression, HIV/AIDS, cancer, transplantation, mechanical ventilation, viruses, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients without AIDS is increasingly common. We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with proven PCP; of 544 patients, 223 (41%) had AIDS (AIDS patients) and 321 (59%) had other immunosuppressive disorders (non-AIDS patients). Fewer AIDS than non-AIDS patients required intensive care or ventilation, and the rate of hospital deaths—17.4% overall—was significantly lower for AIDS versus non-AIDS patients (4% vs. 27%; p
Published: 2014
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8. Essential Oils and Their Natural Active Compounds Presenting Antifungal Properties

Author: Maurine D’agostino, Nicolas Tesse, Jean Pol Frippiat, Marie Machouart, and Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: essential oil, antifungal, invasive fungal infection, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract: The current rise in invasive fungal infections due to the increase in immunosuppressive therapies is a real concern. Moreover, the emergence of resistant strains induces therapeutic failures. In light of these issues, new classes of antifungals are anticipated. Therefore, the plant kingdom represents an immense potential of natural resources to exploit for these purposes. The aim of this review is to provide information about the antifungal effect of some important essential oils, and to describe the advances made in determining the mechanism of action more precisely. Finally, the issues of toxicity and resistance of fungi to essential oils will be discussed.
Published: 2019
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9. Gradient concentration strip–specific epidemiological cut-off values of antifungal drugs in various yeast species and five prevalent Aspergillus species complexes

Author: Victor Mercier, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Laurence Delhaes, Francoise Botterel, Danièle Maubon, Frédéric Dalle, Alexandre Alanio, Sandrine Houzé, Eric Dannaoui, Carole Cassagne, Sophie Cassaing, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Arnaud Fekkar, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Julie Bonhomme, Damien Dupont, Damien Costa, Boualem Sendid, Taieb Chouaki, Nathalie Bourgeois, Antoine Huguenin, Sophie Brun, Caroline Mahinc, Lilia Hasseine, Solène Le Gal, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Eric Bailly, Florent Morio, Céline Nourrisson, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Estelle Perraud-Cateau, Anne Debourgogne, Hélène Yéra, Laurence Lachaud, Milène Sasso, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques - Fungal Biology and Pathogenicity (BPF), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), CHU Limoges, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Brest (UBO), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Département de microbiologie [CHU Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Univ - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Infection Inflammation et Interaction Hôtes Pathogènes [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (3IHP ), Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Gradient concentration strip–specific, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus, Epidemiological cut-off values, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, Antifungal susceptibility, Candida
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: To determine the epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs) of ten antifungal agents in a wide range of yeasts and Aspergillus spp. using gradient concentration strips.Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations for amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, determined with gradient concentration strips at 35 French microbiology laboratories between 2002 and 2020, were retrospectively collected. Then, the ECVs were calculated using the iterative method and a cut-off value of 97.5%.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations were available for 17 653 clinical isolates. In total, 48 ECVs (including 32 new ECVs) were determined: 29 ECVs for frequent yeast species (e.g. Candida albicans and itraconazole/flucytosine, and Candida glabrata species complex [SC] and flucytosine) and rare yeast species (e.g. Candida dubliniensis, Candida inconspicua, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Cryptococcus neoformans) and 19 ECVs for Aspergillusflavus SC, Aspergillusfumigatus SC, Aspergillusnidulans SC, Aspergillusniger SC, and Aspergillusterreus SC.Conclusions: These ECVs can be added to the already available gradient concentration strip-specific ECVs to facilitate minimum inhibitory concentration interpretation and streamline the identification of nonwild type isolates.
Published: 2022
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10. S2.3d Mixed biofilm of Aspergillus fumigatus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Microscopic visualization of galactosaminogalactan and galactomannan polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix

Author: Isabel Valsecchi, Anne Debourgogne, Thierry Fontaine, and Françoise Botterel
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, General Medicine
Abstract: S2.3 Novel diagnostic tools for invasive mold infection, September 21, 2022, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Introduction Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Sm) are commonly co-isolated from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients, especially in mixed biofilms. A mixed Af-Sm biofilm model, developed by our lab, demonstrated that Sm exhibits an antibiosis effect on Af by (1) inhibiting fungal growth, (2) rendering the fungal mycelia highly branched, and (3) increasing the fungal cell wall thickness.1 The presence of three Af cell wall polysaccharides, galactomannan (GM), galactosaminogalactan (GAG), and α-1,3-glucan, have been described in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of Af biofilms.2 GM and GAG are known to be released out from the cell wall of Af.3 GAG contains N-acetylgalactosamines (GalNAc) which undergo partial deacetylation extracellularly, to be converted to GalN, and thus transform this polysaccharide into a polycation with strong surface binding properties.4 Aim of the study Analyze the structure of fungal cell wall polysaccharides in the formation of Af biofilm alone or mixed with Sm. Methods The Af-Sm co-culture was prepared on an 8-chambers Lab-Tek slide as described previously1. Anti-GAG and anti-GM monoclonal antibodies produced at the Aspergillus Unit at Pasteur Institute of Paris, were used to focus on the 3D structure of GAG and GM in the ECM of the biofilm. These polysaccharides were analyzed by fluorescence confocal microscopy at 24 h. Results and Conclusion GM was found, as expected, in the hyphal Af cell wall but was very little in the ECM. GAG was also found in the cell wall but mainly formed a beautiful fibrillary network between the hyphae, showing the importance of this polysaccharide in cell-cell interaction and in the structuration of Af biofilm. GAG could be the surface receptor for Sm, which would promote strong adhesion between Sm and Af in the biofilm. Sources 1. Melloul E et al. Front Microbiol. 2018; 2. Beauvais A et al. Microbiol Spectr. 2015; 3. Fontaine T et al. J Fungi. 2020; 4. Briard B et al. Mycologia 2016.
Published: 2022
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11. P006 Resistance of Aspergillus flavus clinical isolates and associated fitness-cost

Author: Elie Djenontin, Anne Debourgogne, Imane Bergui, Jean-Marc Costa, Bita Mousavi, Nawel Ait-Ammar, Jacques Guillot, Françoise Botterel, and Eric Dannaoui
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, General Medicine
Abstract: Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives Aspergillus flavus and closely related species could be pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants and could also produce mycotoxins. The members of the Flavi section are morphologically quite similar making precise identification to the species level difficult. In this study, we present the antifungal susceptibility profiles of French clinical isolates belonging to the Flavi section. Isolates have been characterized by molecular methods and the potential fitness-cost associated with azole-resistance has been determined. Methods A total of 120 isolates phenotypically identified as A. flavus were included in the study. These clinical isolates were recovered over a 15-year period (2001-2015). For all isolates, specific identification was confirmed by sequencing a part of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. The isolates were first screened for their susceptibility to azoles antifungal agents by using 3-sectors agar plates containing itraconazole, voriconazole, and a drug-free control. Susceptibility to six antifungal drugs was further determined by using the EUCAST reference microdilution broth technique. Fitness cost was evaluated by growth curve kinetics in RPMI and by evaluation of virulence in a Galleria mellonella invertebrate animal model. Results Out of 120 isolates, molecular analysis of the partial β-tubulin and calmodulin sequences showed that 117 isolates were A. flavus sensu stricto and the three remaining corresponded to A. parasiticus, A. nomius, and A. tamarii. Two isolates were azole-resistant by the screening test. For the A. flavus sensu stricto isolates, the geometric mean MIC values (range) of amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, and caspofungin were 1.84 (0.25-16), 0.29 (0.125-2), 0.82 (0.5-8), 0.27 (0.06-2), 1.15 (0.25-8), and 0.061 (0.03-0.125) μg/ml, respectively. For A. parasiticus, A. nomius, and A. tamarii, MICs were in the same range. Two A. flavus sensu stricto isolates (AfR1 and AfR2) had voriconazole and isavuconazole MICs at 8 μg/ml. Compared to susceptible isolates, these two azole-resistant isolates had a delayed growth in RPMI liquid medium. In the G. mellonella model, the mortality was 100% for susceptible isolates. In contrast, the Galleria infected by AfR1 and AfR2 showed a significantly lower mortality rate. Conclusion Antifungal susceptibility to six drugs was determined on a large collection of clinical isolates belonging to Aspergillus Flavi section. Most of the isolates were identified as A. flavus sensu stricto and most of them were susceptible to antifungal drugs. Nevertheless, the occurrence of two resistant isolates highlights the need for susceptibility testing for A. flavus. It seems that azole-resistance is associated with a fitness-cost including a lower growth rate and a lower virulence.
Published: 2022
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12. Fusarium infections: Epidemiological aspects over 10 years in a university hospital in France

Author: Nelly Contet Audonneau, Marie Machouart, Anne Debourgogne, Benoît Thomas, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Fusariosis, Fusarium, medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, Antifungal Agents, FUSARIUM INFECTIONS, 030106 microbiology, Superficial mycosis, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Fusarium solani species complex, Onychomycosis, Epidemiology, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Fungemia, Keratitis, biology, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, lcsh:RA1-1270, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, University hospital, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, France, business
Abstract: Background Fusarium is an environmental mold that causes deep or superficial mycosis in immunocompromised or immunocompetent patients respectively. Methods This epidemiological study evaluated the frequency of Fusarium infections in our university hospital center in France over a decade from 2007 to 2016 and its representativeness in the main clinical infections. Results A total of 715 Fusarium sp. were isolated from various sampling sites. Fusarium was detected in 0.47% of blood cultures, 31.1% of ophthalmic samples, and 8.48% of nail samples. The frequency of Fusarium infections was stable over this decade. Conclusions The main Fusarium species complexes recorded in this study were Fusarium oxysporum species complex and Fusarium solani species complex, indicating the importance of Fusarium as a fungal agent that should be considered in clinical practice. A focus on invasive fusarioses shows that they all occur in hematology patients.
Published: 2020
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13. Characteristics and outcome according to underlying disease in non-AIDS patients with acute respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis pneumonia

Author: Christophe Hennequin, Virginie Lemiale, Julie Bonhomme, Antoine Roux, Xavier Iriart, M. Leterrier, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Solène Le Gal, Dominique Toubas, Samia Hamane, Danièle Maubon, Isabelle Durand-Joly, Sandrine Valade, Lucie Biard, Eric Maury, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Anne Debourgogne, Denis Pons, Christelle Pomares, Denis Magne, Frédéric Dalle, Gaston Burghi, Elie Azoulay, Antoine Berry, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de biostatistique et information médicale de l’hôpital Saint Louis (Equipe ECSTRA) (SBIM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut national du cancer [Boulogne] (INCA)-Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Hôpital Pasteur [Nice] (CHU), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille, CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), French ministry of health, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Organ transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Medical microbiology, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Aged, Outcome, business.industry, Pneumocystis, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Immunosuppression, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Hematologic Diseases, 3. Good health, Leukemia, Lymphoid, Infectious Diseases, Acute Disease, ICU, Observational study, Female, business, Respiratory Insufficiency
Abstract: International audience; In the non-AIDS group, several underlying conditions and immune defects could lead to different PCP presentations. This study compared PCP presentation and outcome according to the underlying disease. A secondary analysis of a previously published prospective observational study including 544 PCP patients was done. Only non-AIDS patients were included. Underlying disease was defined as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), organ transplantation, solid cancer, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT), other hematological diseases, and immunosuppressive treatment. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups. Multiple correspondent analyses compared clinical characteristics at diagnosis. Day 30 mortality was analyzed. Three hundred and twenty-one patients were included in the study. The underlying diseases were hematological malignancy (n = 75), AHSCT (n = 14), CLL (n = 19), solid organ transplant (n = 94), solid tumor (n = 39), and immunosuppressive treatment (n = 57). Compared with other underlying diseases, PCP related to CLL was closer to PCP related to AIDS presentation (long duration of symptoms before diagnosis, high level of dyspnea, and low oxygen saturation at diagnosis). Day 30 mortality was associated with underlying disease, oxygen flow, and shock at ICU admission. PCP presentations may vary according to the underlying reason for immunosuppression. Response to treatment and adjuvant steroid therapy should be analyzed regarding this result.
Published: 2021
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14. Overinduction of CYP51A Gene After Exposure to Azole Antifungals Provides a First Clue to Resistance Mechanism in Fusarium solani Species Complex

Author: Jean Pol Frippiat, Amandine Luc, Claire Dufay, Anne Debourgogne, Thomas Lemmet, Maurine D'Agostino, Marie Machouart, Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Impact Biomolécules, ANR-15-IDEX-0004,LUE,Isite LUE(2015), and Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy]
Subjects: Azoles, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Posaconazole, Antifungal Agents, Antifungal drugs, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, CYP51, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Fusarium, Drug Resistance, Fungal, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Fusarium solani species complex, voriconazole, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), over-induction, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Tebuconazole, Pharmacology, Voriconazole, chemistry.chemical_classification, antifungal resistance, 3. Good health, chemistry, Fusariosis, Azole, Genus Fusarium, medicine.drug
Abstract: The genus Fusarium is largely represented in fungal infections, not only mostly in plants but also in humans. Fungi belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are those that are most frequently isolated in invasive fusariosis and present elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations for the main antifungal drugs used in medicine. This study is the first to investigate the resistance mechanism in FSSC by monitoring CYP51A expression in the presence of azole antifungals. After exposure to voriconazole, an overinduction of CYP51A was observed irrespective of the concentration of antifungal used and the generation studied. The same observation is made for other azole antifungals, posaconazole and tebuconazole, but not for amphotericin B. This observation could contribute to explaining why some antifungal molecules used in agriculture or medical practices may have low susceptibility for some fungi.
Published: 2018
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15. Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence among laboratory staff: Safe handling of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) samples

Author: Cédric Hartard, Véronique Venard, Christine Prin-Mathieu, Nelly Agrinier, Evelyne Schvoerer, Hélène Jeulin, Patricia Franck, and Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Epidemiology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, Safe handling, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Virology, Virus, Infectious Diseases, COVID-19 Testing, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Virus Diseases, Seroprevalence, Medicine, Humans, Respiratory system, business, Letter to the Editor, Coronavirus
Published: 2021

16. Update on Actinomucor elegans , a mucormycete infrequently detected in human specimens: how combined microbiological tools contribute efficiently to a more accurate medical care

Author: M. Cuenin, G. Lecoanet, Patrice Gallet, Alexandre Rivier, M. Guillaso, Maud d'Aveni, Marie Machouart, Joséphine Dorin, Anne Debourgogne, Western General Hopsital (WGH), Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale [CHRU Nancy], Département de Radiologie adultes [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Service d'Hématologie [CHRU Nancy]
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, 030106 microbiology, Biology, Microbiology, Medical care, Mannans, Actinomucor elegans, Immunocompromised Host, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Mucormycosis, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Sinusitis, Intensive care medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Voriconazole, Surgical debridement, Galactose, Immunocompromised patient, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Diagnostic strategy, Polymerase chain reaction, 3. Good health, Surgery, Europe, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Debridement, Mucorales, Galactomannan antigen, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Actinomucor elegans is a fungus belonging to mucormycetes and is still probably underdiagnosed due to misidentification. Based on a recent first case of Actinomucor elegans sinusitis in Europe, in an immunocompromised patient under voriconazole treatment, this paper aims to summarize knowledge about A. elegans mucormycoses. Even if the diagnosis of mucormycosis was made using traditional mycology techniques, precise identification of the fungus could only be achieved using molecular tools. In this observation, the galactomannan dosage was positive until the introduction of treatment and surgical debridement. The patient experienced no relapse after one year. By reviewing the four previous A. elegans reported cases and describing the mycological characteristics of this species, we highlight the need to use a combination of tools to improve the diagnostic strategy in such rare and life-threatening clinical situations.
Published: 2017
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17. Development of a new TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of both Entamoeba gingivalis genotypes

Author: Marie Zaffino, Catherine Bisson, Anne Debourgogne, Marie Dubar, Marie Machouart, Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), and Faculté d'odontologie [Nancy]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Genotype, 030106 microbiology, Pcr assay, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Parasite load, DNA, Ribosomal, Sensitivity and Specificity, Entamoeba, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, TaqMan, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Periodontitis, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Entamoebiasis, Entamoeba gingivalis, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Oral disease
Abstract: International audience; Entamoeba gingivalis is a parasitic protozoan found in the mouth of patients suffering from periodontitis, a widespread oral disease with an underestimated prevalence and major consequences on health. We present the development of the first TaqMan PCR assay targeting both E. gingivalis subtypes. This method has been evaluated on 50 samples from patients diagnosed with periodontitis in comparison with 2 different conventional PCRs, and a real-time SYBR Green PCR. Fifty percent of the samples were found positive for the E. gingivalis ST1 subtype with this new PCR, the SYBR Green PCR and one of the conventional PCRs. Among the 25 remaining samples, 12 (24%) were found positive for the E. gingivalis ST2 kamaktlii variant. This new TaqMan PCR could be used before and after periodontitis treatment to follow its efficacy and measure the parasite load in order to better understand the role of these parasites in oral diseases.
Published: 2019
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18. Pneumocystis Infection Outbreaks in Organ Transplantation Units in France: A Nation-Wide Survey

Author: M. Leterrier, Anne Totet, Céline Damiani, Danièle Maubon, Solène Le Gal, Isabelle Accoceberry, Julie Bonhomme, Pierre Marty, E. Bailly, Ermanno Candolfi, Anne Debourgogne, Laurence Millon, Frédéric Dalle, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Patrice Le Pape, Denis Pons, Christelle Pomares, Yann Le Meur, Marie Machouard, Marie-Laure Dardé, Laurence Delhaes, Ahmed Abou Bacar, Dominique Toubas, Frédéric Gabriel, Estelle Cateau, Gilles Nevez, Loïc Favennec, Marie-Hélène Rodier, Xavier Iriart, Eric Dannaoui, Laurence Lachaud, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Pierre Flori, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie (Parasito - Myco - BREST), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CHRU Brest - Service de Nephrologie (CHU - BREST - Nephrologie), Microbiologie cellulaire et moléculaire et pathogénicité (MCMP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, UMR-I 01 - AMIENS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Institut d'Histoire de la Pensée Classique (IHPC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Microbiologie (CHD de la Roche-Sur-Yon), CHD Vendee (La Roche Sur Yon), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche - CHRU Brest (CHU - BREST ), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Service de néphrologie, Sagem - SAFRAN Gr., Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Service de parasitologie et de mycologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales [CHU Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques - UMR INERIS_I 1 (PERITOX), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Histoire des Représentations et des Idées dans les Modernités (IHRIM), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Pneumocystis carinii, Organ transplantation, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, genotypes, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Pneumocystis jirovecii, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Genotyping, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Retrospective Studies, Transplant recipients, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Pneumocystis, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Outbreak, Organ Transplantation, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Transplantation, Infectious Diseases, Renal transplant, France, business, Pneumocystis Infections
Abstract: The burden of nosocomial Pneumocystis infections in transplantation units in France was evaluated through a retrospective survey. Over 12 years, 16 outbreaks occurred, including 13 among renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We performed Pneumocystis jirovecii genotyping in 5 outbreaks, which suggested that specific strains may have been selected by RTRs.
Published: 2019
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19. Evaluation of a Flotation Adapted Parasep® for Stool Ova and Parasite Examination

Author: Nicolas Monnin, Anne Debourgogne, Brieuc Lefaure, Marie Machouart, Clément Kebbabi, Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], and Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA)
Subjects: Diarrhea, Veterinary medicine, Faust, 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, MESH: Parasitic Diseases, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Entamoeba, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Blastocystis hominis, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Giardia lamblia, MESH: Entamoeba, Parasitic Diseases, Helminths, Parasite hosting, Animals, MESH: Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Blastocystis hominis, Parasites, MESH: Parasites, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, Stool Ova and Parasite Examination, MIF, MESH: Feces, MESH: Diarrhea, Parasitology, Parasep®, Giardia lamblia
Abstract: International audience; Stool ova and parasite examination using concentration methods remains the gold standard for the investigation of digestive parasitosis. Recently, single-use filtration devices have been marketed for stool concentration sedimentation methods such as MIF or Bailenger, which improve the analytical quality by avoiding contact with feces. In this study, the Parasep® device was adapted to the Faust technique flotation method. In addition, the performance between conventional techniques (MIF concentration and Faust) and techniques using this device was evaluated on 25 formalin-preserved stools and 3 fresh stools. With the Parasep device, the main parasites (protozoa or helminths) were isolated, and the technical requirements such as hygiene control for the operator and realization according to good laboratory practice were improved due to the filtration device.
Published: 2019
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20. Molecular identification of Fusarium species complexes: Which gene and which database to choose in clinical practice?

Author: Anne Debourgogne, Benoît Thomas, Nelly Contet Audonneau, Marie Machouart, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville (CHR Metz-Thionville), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Fusarium, medicine.medical_specialty, Species complex, Biology, computer.software_genre, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Molecular genetics, RNA polymerase, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Internal transcribed spacer, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, Gene, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, Database, 030306 microbiology, food and beverages, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Fusariosis, GenBank, Multilocus sequence typing, Databases, Nucleic Acid, computer, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Identification of Fusarium at the level of the species complex is difficult with phenotypic methods, so it is necessary to use molecular sequencing methods. This study presents, for 33 isolates distributed among the four major species complexes, the performance of five identification schemes involving ITS (internal transcribed spacer), EF1α (translation elongation factor 1 alpha), RPB1 (largest subunit of RNA polymerase) and RPB2 (second largest subunit of RNA polymerase) genes and two databases: GenBank and Fusarium MLST (MultiLocus Sequence Typing). In our practice, the identification of the fungus from a culture is performed with EF1α and from a primary sample with ITS, using in both cases the specific database Fusarium MLST.
Published: 2019
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21. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017)

Author: Damien Costa, Romy Razakandrainibe, Marc Sautour, Stéphane Valot, Louise Basmaciyan, Gilles Gargala, Denis Lemeteil, Loïc Favennec, Frédéric Dalle, Anne Debourgogne, Adela Angoulvant, Patrice Agnamey, Julie bonhomme, Brigitte Degeilh, Cathy Chemla, Cécile Garnaud, Coralie Lollivier, Cécile angebault, Pascal Delaunay, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Emilie Fréalle, Frédéric Grenouillet, Florent Morio, Françoise Botterel, Ghania Belkadi, Hélène Yera, Gilles Nevez, Xavier Iriart, Isabelle Accoceberry, Julie Brunet, Marc Thellier, Meja Rabodonirina, Milene Sasso, Charline Miossec, Murielle Nicolas, Nicole Desbois, Philippe Poirier, Christelle Pomares, Sandrine Houze, Yohann Le govic, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Franck Labbe, Marie Laure Darde, Olivier Duquesnoy, Pierre Flori, Patrick Bastien, Thomas Gueudet, Isabelle Villena, Dominique Aubert, Estelle Cateau, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Nathalie Kapel, Eric Dannaoui, Alexis Valentin, Anne Totet, Jean Menotti, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Emmanuel Dutoit, Renaud Piarroux, Emilie Sitterle, Denis Magne, Samsa Hamane, Antoine Berry, Cecile Ramade, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Microbiologie cellulaire et moléculaire et pathogénicité (MCMP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des interactions Hôte pathogène, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Sérologies Bactériennes et Parasitaires [CHU de la Martinique], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique - CHU Martinique, Parasitologie-Mycologie Fort de France, CHU Fort de France, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Service de réanimation médicale, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe hospitalier Albert Chenevier – Henri Mondor, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Région Haute Normandie, Projet COS Sesa, 2015-2018, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Rennes (UR), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité (MFP), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Cryptosporidiosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Child, Immunodeficiency, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Mortality rate, Cryptosporidium, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Cryptosporidium parvum, Child, Preschool, Protozoan, Cyclosporine, Female, Immunotherapy, France, medicine.symptom, Cryptosporidium hominis, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Context (language use), Tacrolimus, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Immunocompromised, Aged, Immunosuppression Therapy, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Mycophenolic Acid, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunodeficient individuals. In 2006, a national network was set up on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Since January 2015, the 41 tertiary care hospitals and the 3 private laboratories of the French National Network on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis have been able to declare confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis online. Between 2015 and 2017, 210 cases of cryptosporidiosis were declared in immunodeficient patients in France; Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis represented 66% and 22% of cases, respectively. A peak was observed in autumn. Cryptosporidiosis occurred mainly in a context of solid organ transplantation (SOT) (49%) and of HIV infection (30%). In SOT recipients, cryptosporidiosis appeared more frequently in the first 6 months post transplantation. Regarding cases declared in SOT recipients, mycophenolate mofetil was used in 68%. A mortality rate of 6% was observed. Present results underline the importance of screening for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients suffering from diarrhea, especially in the course of major cell mediated immunodeficiency or even systematic screening before SOT. Exclusive Cryptosporidium free water feeding could be suggested during major cell mediated immunodeficiency.
Published: 2018
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22. Multi-locus sequence typing provides epidemiological insights for diseased sharks infected with fungi belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex

Author: Deanna A. Sutton, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Marie Zaffino, Anne Debourgogne, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Carolyn Cray, Rachel E. Burns, Salvatore Frasca, Michael W. Hyatt, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), Pathologies Respiratoires : Protéolyse et Aérosolthérapie, Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), University of Connecticut (UCONN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Fusarium, Genes, Fungal, 030106 microbiology, Locus (genetics), Microbiology, Fish Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Genotype, Environmental Microbiology, Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 14. Life underwater, Typing, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, Genotyping, Phylogeny, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Outbreak, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, Fusariosis, Sharks, Multilocus sequence typing, Fusarium solani, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Fusarium spp. are saprobic moulds that are responsible for severe opportunistic infections in humans and animals. However, we need epidemiological tools to reliably trace the circulation of such fungal strains within medical or veterinary facilities, to recognize environmental contaminations that might lead to infection and to improve our understanding of factors responsible for the onset of outbreaks. In this study, we used molecular genotyping to investigate clustered cases of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) infection that occurred in eight Sphyrnidae sharks under managed care at a public aquarium. Genetic relationships between fungal strains were determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis based on DNA sequencing at five loci, followed by comparison with sequences of 50 epidemiologically unrelated FSSC strains. Our genotyping approach revealed that F. keratoplasticum and F. solani haplotype 9x were most commonly isolated. In one case, the infection proved to be with another Hypocrealian rare opportunistic pathogen Metarhizium robertsii. Twice, sharks proved to be infected with FSSC strains with the same MLST sequence type, supporting the hypothesis the hypothesis that common environmental populations of fungi existed for these sharks and would suggest the longtime persistence of the two clonal strains within the environment, perhaps in holding pools and life support systems of the aquarium. This study highlights how molecular tools like MLST can be used to investigate outbreaks of microbiological disease. This work reinforces the need for regular controls of water quality to reduce microbiological contamination due to waterborne microorganisms.
Published: 2018
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23. Characteristics of Pneumocystis pneumonia in Nancy from January 2007 to April 2011 and focus on an outbreak in nephrology

Author: S. Favreau, Anne Debourgogne, M. Ladrière, Marie Machouart, S. Bourry, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), and Service de Néphrologie [CHRU Nancy]
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Opportunistic infection, Pneumocystis carinii, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Disease Outbreaks, Kidney transplantation, Young Adult, Pneumocystose, medicine, Humans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Child, Mycological Typing Techniques, Intensive care medicine, Aged, biology, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Infant, Outbreak, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Épidémiologie, Pneumonia, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Nephrology, Child, Preschool, Transplantation rénale, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Multilocus sequence typing, Female, Kidney Diseases, France, business, MLST
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii is responsible for pneumonia in immunocompromised populations. Pneumocystis pneumonia has first been discovered as a common and life-threatening opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to characterize the epidemiological aspects of Pneumocystis pneumonia and then to highlight an outbreak of this infection in a nephrology unit with molecular tools.Patients/MethodsA multilocus sequence typing method has been used to study the epidemiology of strains isolated during this episode.ResultsFrom January 2007 to April 2011, 39 cases of P. jirovecii pneumonia have been observed. In two thirds of cases, underlying diseases as transplantations, hematologic or solid malignancies, or immunodepressed treatment were the main risk factors and in one third of cases, there were HIV positive patients. This distribution is due to an outbreak of 13 cases in a nephrology unit, where the MLST resulted in two strains profiles regrouping each one 6 and 4 cases among the 10 available isolates.ConclusionsNew categories of risk patients of Pneumocystis infection have emerged with severe clinical manifestations and mostly with a fatal outcome. The origin of the transmission is still unknown but a local transmission has been showed in our nephrology unit.; ContextePneumocystis jirovecii est responsable de pneumopathies chez les patients immunodéprimés. La pneumocystose était considérée initialement comme une infection opportuniste, commune et potentiellement mortelle des patients infectés par le VIH.ObjectifsLes objectifs de cette étude sont de caractériser sur le plan épidémiologique des pneumocystoses et de mettre en évidence une épidémie dans un service de néphrologie par des outils moléculaires.Patients/MéthodesUne technique de MLST a étudié les caractéristiques moléculaires des souches de P. jirovecii isolées en néphrologie.RésultatsDe janvier 2007 à avril 2011, 39 cas de pneumocystose ont été observés. Dans deux tiers des cas, les principaux facteurs de risque sont les traitements immunosuppresseurs et les pathologies sous-jacentes telles que les transplantations, les hémopathies malignes ou les tumeurs solides. Dans un tiers des cas, les patients étaient infectés par le VIH. Cette répartition est due à une épidémie de 13 cas survenue dans le service de néphrologie. Le typage moléculaire a déterminé deux types de profils parmi les 10 isolats disponibles, regroupant chacun 6 et 4 cas.ConclusionsDe nouvelles catégories de patients à risque de pneumocystose ont émergé et les manifestations cliniques y sont sévères et généralement associées à un mauvais pronostic. L’origine de cette infection est encore inconnue mais une transmission locale a été observée dans un service de néphrologie.
Published: 2014
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24. Du cochon d’Inde à l’Homme : épidémie de teigne à Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. porcellae dans les animaleries nancéiennes

Author: N. Contet-Audonneau, R. Cavignaux, Joséphine Dorin, Marie Machouart, M. Bloch, Anne Debourgogne, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0301 basic medicine, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, 030106 microbiology, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 3. Good health
Abstract: Resume Les dermatophytes sont responsables d’atteintes fongiques superficielles cosmopolites et representent actuellement un reel probleme de sante publique. Parmi les champignons impliques dans ces mycoses, certains sont transmis par les animaux de compagnie. Ainsi, une nouvelle variete de dermatophytes zoophiles a ete decrite ces dernieres annees par le laboratoire de mycologie du CHU de Nancy, au sein du complexe T. mentagrophytes. Ce variant emergent a ete nomme T. mentagrophytes variete porcellae, suite a l’isolement de cette souche chez un nombre important de patients presentant des epidermophyties des regions decouvertes du corps et ayant eu un contact avec un cochon d’Inde. Le travail presente fait suite a cette premiere description et a pour but d’evaluer la frequence de portage de T. mentagrophytes var. porcellae chez les cochons d’Inde de trois animaleries de la region nanceienne. Au total, pratiquement deux tiers des cochons d’Inde preleves etaient porteurs de ce nouveau dermatophyte. Cette etude met en lumiere les risques lies a l’adaptation des dermatophytes a de nouveaux hotes potentiels et la dissemination de nouvelles especes. Dans ce contexte, face a l’engouement croissant de la population pour les nouveaux animaux de compagnie, des mesures sanitaires pourraient etre proposees aupres des animaleries, de maniere a limiter la contamination fongique des animaux.
Published: 2016
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25. Optimising the diagnostic strategy for onychomycosis from sample collection to FUNGAL identification evaluation of a diagnostic kit for real-time PCR

Author: Anne Debourgogne, Dimitri Petinataud, Nelly Contet-Audonneau, Sibel Berger, Marie Machouart, Cyril Ferdynus, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service de Virologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Time Factors, Sample (material), 030106 microbiology, Direct examination, Culture, Medical laboratory, Dermatology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Onychomycosis, Diagnosis, Humans, Medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, DNA, Fungal, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, Retrospective Studies, biology, business.industry, Arthrodermataceae, Fungi, Kit, General Medicine, Diagnostic strategy, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR, Female, Identification (biology), Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Sample collection, business
Abstract: International audience; Onychomycosis is a common nail disorder mainly due to dermatophytes for which the conventional diagnosis requires direct microscopic observation and culture of a biological sample. Nevertheless, antifungal treatments are commonly prescribed without a mycological examination having been performed, partly because of the slow growth of dermatophytes. Therefore, molecular biology has been applied to this pathology, to support a quick and accurate distinction between onychomycosis and other nail damage. Commercial kits are now available from several companies for improving traditional microbiological diagnosis. In this paper, we present the first evaluation of the real-time PCR kit marketed by Bio Evolution for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Secondly, we compare the efficacy of the kit on optimal and non-optimal samples. This study was conducted on 180 nails samples, processed by conventional methods and retrospectively analysed using this kit. According to our results, this molecular kit has shown high specificity and sensitivity in detecting dermatophytes, regardless of sample quality. On the other hand, and as expected, optimal samples allowed the identification of a higher number of dermatophytes by conventional mycological diagnosis, compared to non-optimal samples. Finally, we have suggested several strategies for the practical use of such a kit in a medical laboratory for quick pathogen detection.
Published: 2016
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26. Emerging infections due to filamentous fungi in humans and animals: Only the tip of the iceberg?

Author: Joséphine Dorin, Anne Debourgogne, and Marie Machouart
Subjects: Fusarium, Mucorales, 0301 basic medicine, Aspergillus, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), Mucormycosis, 030106 microbiology, Disease, Biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Microbiology, Iceberg, 3. Good health, Scedosporium, 03 medical and health sciences, Emerging infections, medicine, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Over the last few decades, the number of patients susceptible to invasive filamentous fungal infections has steadily increased, especially in populations suffering from hematological diseases. The pathogens responsible for such mycoses are now quite well characterized, such as Aspergillus spp. - the most commonly isolated mold -, Mucorales, Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp. or melanized fungi. An increase in the incidence of this category of 'emerging' fungi has been recently highlighted, evoking a shift in fungal ecology. Starting from these medical findings, taking a step back and adopt a wider perspective offers possible explanations of this phenomenon on an even larger scale than previously reported. In this review, we illustrate the link between emerging fungi in medicine and changes in ecology or human behaviours, and we encourage integrative approaches to apprehend the adverse effects of progress and develop preventive measures in vast domains, such as agriculture or medicine.
Published: 2016
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27. Amphotericin B and voriconazole susceptibility profiles for the Fusarium solani species complex: comparison between the E-test and CLSI M38-A2 microdilution methodology

Author: Alain Lozniewski, Anne Debourgogne, Marie Machouart, S. de Hoog, and Evolutionary Biology (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Voriconazole, Infectious Diseases, Amphotericin B, Fusarium solani species complex, medicine, General Medicine, Biology, Microbiology, medicine.drug
Published: 2012

28. Comparison of two DNA sequence-based typing schemes for the Fusarium solani Species Complex and proposal of a new consensus method

Author: Cécile Gueidan, Sybren de Hoog, Alain Lozniewski, Marie Machouart, Anne Debourgogne, and Evolutionary Biology (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Genetics, Phylogenetic tree, Haplotype, Biology, Microbiology, DNA sequencing, Housekeeping gene, Fusarium, Phylogenetics, Cluster Analysis, Multilocus sequence typing, Typing, Mycological Typing Techniques, Molecular Biology, Gene, Phylogeny, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a widely used approach for differentiating microbial isolates presenting many advantages such as easy access through online databases and straightforward interpretation. For the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). three gene regions have been widely used to investigate phylogenetic relationships at the interspecific level (ITS-nuLSU, EF1a, RPB2) and a nomenclature system has been proposed for the different known haplotypes. More recently, a MLST scheme was proposed for this species complex based on the polymorphisms of five housekeeping genes (ACC, ICL, GDP, MDP, SOD). Here, we compare the phylogenetic resolution and sequence discriminatory powers of these two sets of loci on 50 epidemiologically unrelated FSSC strains. Although the widely used gene set offers better phylogenetic resolution, the newly developed gene set is slightly better at discriminating isolates using a MIST method. A consensus scheme of eight loci is proposed for typing FSSC strains combining the advantages of the two previous gene sets and offering the best typing efficiency. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012
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29. Fatal Histoplasma capsulatum Mitral Endocarditis in a French Patient Treated for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author: Thierry May, Lorraine Letranchant, Anne Debourgogne, Thanh Doco-Lecompte, Nelly Contet-Audonneau, and Marie Machouart
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Histoplasma, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Asymptomatic, Histoplasmosis, Serology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Immunocompromised Host, Fatal Outcome, fluids and secretions, Medical microbiology, medicine, Humans, Endocarditis, Travel, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, Surgery, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Rheumatoid arthritis, Female, France, medicine.symptom, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Immunosuppressive Agents
Abstract: Histoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum spores, a fungus encountered in many diverse areas around the world. Although this infection is often asymptomatic, it may become dramatic in immunocompromised patients. In November 2005, an endocarditis due to Histoplasma capsulatum was diagnosed in a French woman treated for rheumatoid arthritis and who had traveled to South America 2 years earlier. We confirmed the biological diagnosis by mycological, serological, and histological methods. In spite of receiving the appropriate treatment, the patient died 3 months later of cardiac insufficiency. We report here this additional case of Histoplasma endocarditis, by hoping to help rapid and accurate diagnosis of such infections in their early stages of development, in non-endemic areas.
Published: 2011
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30. Fatal disseminated infection due toScedosporium prolificansin a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and posaconazole prophylaxis

Author: Jessica Perny, Anne Debourgogne, Marie Machouart, Alain Gerard, Bruno Levy, Alexandre Rivier, and Carine Thivillier
Subjects: Cancer Research, Posaconazole, Scedosporium prolificans, biology, business.industry, Dematiaceous, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, biology.organism_classification, Scedosporium, Oncology, parasitic diseases, Immunology, Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Scedosporium spp. are dematiaceous molds increasingly reported as opportunistic pathogens, particularly in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies such as those with acute leukem...
Published: 2011
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31. Successful management of rhinosinusal zygomycosis in a renal transplant recipient

Author: Anne Debourgogne, Thomas Georgel, Nathalie Marcon, Marie Machouart, Patrice Gallet, Jean-Michel Vignaud, Roger Jankowski, Alexandre Rivier, and Marc Ladrière
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious Diseases, business.industry, Renal transplant, Medicine, Dermatology, General Medicine, Zygomycosis, business, medicine.disease, Surgery
Published: 2010
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32. Disseminated Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in an allogeneic stem cell recipient: case report and review of the literature

Author: Laurence Clement, J. Collomb, F. Plénat, A. Salmon, Pierre Bordigoni, Anne Debourgogne, Marie Machouart, and M. Vasbien
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Aspergillus, Antifungals, Myeloid, biology, business.industry, diagnosis, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Transplantation, Leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Infectious Diseases, Scopulariopsis, Immunology, medicine, opportunist, Sputum, Stem cell, medicine.symptom, business, transplantation
Abstract: A fatal case of disseminated Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient is described. The patient was initially thought to have pulmonary aspergillosis, on the basis of clinical signs and antigenaemia, but Aspergillus was not isolated by culture. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was subsequently isolated from skin and then from sputum and stool. Further investigation revealed that the infection had spread from a primary pulmonary site to the skin. A review of the literature underscores the difficulty of diagnosing infections caused by such emerging fungal pathogens and the poor outcome of immunocompromised patients with non-Aspergillus mould infections.
Published: 2010
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33. Molecular Diagnosis of Disseminated Adiaspiromycosis Due to Emmonsia crescens

Author: J.-M. Dot, J. Champigneulle, F. Plénat, M. Brizion, J.-M. Puyhardy, J. Collomb, Marie Machouart, Y. Salles, and Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, Tuberculosis, Itraconazole, Molecular Sequence Data, Case Reports, Biology, Histoplasmosis, Chrysosporium, medicine, Animals, Humans, Pulmonary pathology, DNA, Fungal, Lung, Pathogen, Mycosis, Lung Diseases, Fungal, Fungal genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Radiography, Thoracic, France, medicine.drug
Abstract: Emmonsia crescens is a saprophytic fungus that is distributed worldwide, causing diseases mostly in rodents. It has also been described, though rarely, as an etiologic agent of pulmonary pathology in humans, potentially leading to death. A case of pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is reported in a 30-year-old immunocompetent man. The patient presented with a history of several weeks of weakness, cough, fever, and weight loss of 10 kg. Clinical and radiographic findings showed pulmonary lesions consistent with tuberculosis or histoplasmosis, but no pathogen was found with classical microbiological procedures. The diagnosis of adiaspiromycosis due to Emmonsia crescens was initially made using molecular biology techniques. Histological observations subsequently confirmed the presence of adiaspores in granulomas. To our knowledge, this is the first case of adiaspiromycosis diagnosed by PCR and sequencing. The patient was treated with itraconazole and was seen at 1 month with symptomatic improvement. Here we will discuss this rare fungal infection and its difficult treatment and diagnosis. As represented in this case, molecular biology is a powerful method to optimize diagnostic tests and therefore improve the care of the infected patient.
Published: 2009
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34. Neotropical echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus vogeli in a 6-year-old child: the second case report in humans in French Guiana

Author: Angela Fior, Christine Aznar, Anne Debourgogne, Stéphane Simon, Gérald Umhang, Denis Blanchet, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Registre des Cancers de Guyane, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Biopsy, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Echinococcus vogeli, Parasitic infection, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Echinococcosis, parasitic diseases, medicine, Molecular diagnostic techniques, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, business.industry, Histocytochemistry, Neglected Disease, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Echinococcus, French Guiana, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Molecular diagnosis, business
Abstract: International audience; Human polycystic echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus vogeli which occurs in rural areas of Central and South America. Abdominal echinococcosis caused by E. vogeli is reported for the first time in a child, a 6-year-old boy in French Guiana. The diagnosis was made by histological and molecular techniques. In tropical regions, this neglected disease must be considered even in children.
Published: 2015
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35. Cardiac Manifestations of Toxocariasis: A Case Report of Loffler Endocarditis and Literature Review

Author: Laura Filippetti, Joséphine Dorin, Damien Voilliot, Olivier Huttin, Anne Debourgogne, Marie Machouart, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service de Cardiologie [CHRU Nancy], Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Löffler endocarditis, Hypereosinophilia, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Albendazole, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Corticoids, Endocarditis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Toxocara, business.industry, medicine.disease, Dermatology, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Immunology, Toxocariasis, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, medicine.symptom, business, Larva migrans syndrome, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; This paper reports a case of toxocariasis with cardiac manifestations. The patient was a 48-year-old man suffering from a Löffler endocarditis with hypereosinophilia. ELISA and Western blot tests confirmed the diagnosis of toxocariasis. The disease was successfully managed by a combination of albendazole and corticosteroids.A few cases of cardiac toxocariasis have been described previously in the literature focusing on this unusual location. Eosinophils may have a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, clinicians should always investigate toxocariasis in case of hypereosinophilia with cardiac involvement.
Published: 2015
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36. First unusual case of keratitis in Europe due to the rare fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

Author: Marie Machouart, Marie-Christine Bazard, Joséphine Dorin, Anne Debourgogne, Mohamed Zaidi, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), and Service d'ophtalmologie [CHRU Nancy]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Microbiological Techniques, Metarhizium, Antifungal Agents, genetic structures, Metarhizium anisopliae, Fungus, Microbiology, Keratitis, Corneal Transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Amphotericin B, medicine, Humans, Corneal Ulcer, 0303 health sciences, Unusual case, biology, 030306 microbiology, fungi, food and beverages, General Medicine, medicine.disease, corneal ulcer, biology.organism_classification, eye diseases, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Keratoplasty, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, sense organs, France, Eye Infections, Fungal, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus utilized worldwide for insect-pest biocontrol. Few M. anisopliae infections have been reported previously. Here, M. anisopliae was isolated from a corneal ulcer in a healthy man. It is the first ocular case in France and Europe of this extremely rare fungus in humans.
Published: 2015
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37. À propos d’un cas rare de sinusite à Actinomucor elegans : contribution des principaux outils diagnostiques pour une prise en charge précoce

Author: Anne Debourgogne, Joséphine Dorin, M. Cuenin, M. D’aveni, Marie Machouart, and Patrice Gallet
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Abstract: Actinomucor elegans est un champignon appartenant aux zygomycetes, et donc de ce fait ubiquitaire et retrouve dans l’environnement (sols, substrats naturels vegetaux et animaux…). A ce jour, quatre infections humaines impliquant A. elegans ont ete decrites dans la litterature, dont deux atteintes disseminees mortelles. Nous rapportons un premier cas francais et europeen de sinusite a A. elegans chez un patient traite par voriconazole a onze mois d’une allogreffe de moelle. Cinq mois apres le diagnostic initial l’evolution est stable et sans rechute ; avec une prise en charge associant deux episodes chirurgicaux, des lavages quotidiens des sinus et un traitement medicamenteux par amphotericine B liposomale a forte dose et posaconazole. Les techniques de mycologie classique (examen direct et culture) ont leur place en premiere intention dans de telles infections, permettant un diagnostic precoce de la mucormycose, etape essentielle d’une prise en charge rapide et adaptee. Les techniques de biologie moleculaire (PCR 18S et sequencage, PCR mucorales) ont permis de confirmer ce diagnostic et de determiner precisement l’espece fongique. Actuellement, seules les caracteristiques culturales permettent de differentier les quatre varietes au sein de l’espece A. elegans . A l’occasion de ce cas, nous rapportons pour la premiere fois, la positivite de test de detection de l’antigene galactomannane dans une infection a A. elegans . Ce cas permet d’illustrer l’emergence de champignons rares en pathologie humaine, face auxquels la combinaison des differents outils du mycologue est indispensable de maniere a documenter avec precision l’etiologie de l’infection et donc traiter le plus precocement possible l’atteinte.
Published: 2017
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38. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with or without AIDS, France

Author: Emmanuel Canet, Denis Magne, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Elie Azoulay, Sandrine Valade, Frédéric Dalle, Ariane Lafabrie, M. Leterrier, Samia Hamane, Solène Le Gal, Julie Bonhomme, Dominique Toubas, Christelle Pomares, Patricia Roux, Christophe Hennequin, Antoine Roux, Antoine Berry, Florence Gangneux-Robert, Anne Debourgogne, Isabelle Durand-Joly, Eric Maury, Denis Pons, Danièle Maubon, Droits International, Comparé et Européen/ Institut Louis Favoreu - Groupe d 'études et de recherches sur la justice constitutionnelle [DICE - UMR 7318] (DICE / ILF-GERJC), Droits International, Comparé et Européen (DICE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Aix-en-Provence, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble, Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Groupe d'Acoustique de l'Université de Sherbrooke (GAUS), Département de génie mécanique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des Soins Intensifs [CHU Saint-Antoine], Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hopital Saint Louis Paris, CHU Saint Louis [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Département de génie mécanique [Sherbrooke], Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Centre orthopédique médicochirurgical, Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], CHU, Dauphine Recherches en Management ( DRM ), Université Paris-Dauphine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Relations Hôte-Environnement ( RHEM ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest ( CHRU Brest ), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU Reims ), service de parasitologie mycologie CHU Jean Minjoz BESANCON, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), CHU Caen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires ( ICBMS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Gabriel Montpied ( CHU ), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Relations Hôte-Environnement (RHEM), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), UL, SIMPA, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Pneumocystis carinii, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, immunosuppressive disorder, Pneumocystis jirovecii, 0303 health sciences, biology, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, HIV/AIDS, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, France, prophylaxis, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, mechanical ventilation, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, respiratory infections, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Intensive care, Internal medicine, Immune suppression, medicine, Humans, cancer, pneumonia, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, Mortality, Intensive care medicine, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Mechanical ventilation, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, Odds ratio, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Transplantation, Pneumonia, fungi, business, transplantation
Abstract: Immunosuppressed patients without AIDS had longer time to treatment and a higher rate of death than did patients with AIDS., Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients without AIDS is increasingly common. We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with proven PCP; of 544 patients, 223 (41%) had AIDS (AIDS patients) and 321 (59%) had other immunosuppressive disorders (non-AIDS patients). Fewer AIDS than non-AIDS patients required intensive care or ventilation, and the rate of hospital deaths—17.4% overall—was significantly lower for AIDS versus non-AIDS patients (4% vs. 27%; p
Published: 2014
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39. Primary Cerebral Alveolar Echinococcosis: Mycology to the Rescue

Author: Marie Machouart, Gérald Umhang, Franck Boué, Thierry May, François Goehringer, Anne Debourgogne, Guillaume Gauchotte, Sandrine Henard, Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (NGERE), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Biopsy, Foxes, Strains, Alveolar echinococcosis, Case Reports, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serology, X ray computed, Echinococcosis, medicine, Molecular diagnostic techniques, Humans, Favorable outcome, Brain Diseases, Microscopy, Ribosomal DNA, medicine.diagnostic_test, Histocytochemistry, Brain, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilocularis, 3. Good health, Tomography x ray computed, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: A case of primary cerebral alveolar echinococcosis with a favorable outcome is reported. A universal fungal PCR enabled this diagnosis, while the initial serological analysis remained noncontributive.
Published: 2014
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40. Thérapeutique

Author: Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Published: 2015
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41. [High risk of strongyloïdes hyperinfection in a patient with sarcoidosis]

Author: Hélène Barraud, Anne Debourgogne, Pascale Perez, Thomas Valloton, Marie Machouart, Abdelbasset Nani, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), and Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie [CHRU Nancy]
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sarcoidosis, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Strongyloides stercoralis, Anguillose, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Risk Factors, medicine, Animals, Humans, Gynecology, 0303 health sciences, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Sarcoïdose, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Superinfection, Strongyloides, Strongyloidiasis, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, business, Anguillolosis
Abstract: International audience; Strongylo des stercoralis infection is a polymorphic and non specific clinical presentation. Often asymptomatic, it can be not seen. However, in patients with immunodeficiency, high parasite load can be observed, consequence of self-infestation cycle, and can spread throughout the body. This presentation of malignant strongyloidiasis presents a mortality rate of 70%. The case report presents a 45 years old patient of Caribbean origin, long time treated with corticosteroids for sarcoidosis, and hospitalized for Strongylo des stercoralis colitis with high parasite load, raising fears an evolution to hyperinfection. His last visit to endemic area was in 2002. In conclusion, the potential severity of strongyloidiasis is strongly increased by immunosuppression, including corticosteroids. This risk should be notified prior to initiation of any treatment with corticosteroids, firstly by looking at a stay in endemic areas. The case of our patient illustrates the fact that a long time between risk of contamination and clinical manifestations is not a sufficient criterion for excluding an asymptomatic chronic infection with Strongylo des stercoralis. It is therefore recommended for patients who have lived in endemic areas to search the parasite in stool by a sensitive method.; L’infection à Strongyloïdes stercoralis a une présentation clinique polymorphe non spécifique. Peu fréquente en France et souvent asymptomatique, elle passe fréquemment inaperçue. Cependant, chez les patients présentant un déficit immunitaire, on peut observer de fortes charges parasitaires, conséquences du cycle d’auto-infestation, avec une dissémination dans tout l’organisme. Ce tableau d’anguillulose maligne présente un taux de mortalité de 70 %. Le cas que nous rapportons est celui d’un patient de 45 ans d’origine antillaise, traité par corticothérapie au long court pour une sarcoïdose, et hospitalisé pour une colite à Strongyloïdes stercoralis avec une forte charge parasitaire, qui a fait craindre une évolution vers une anguillulose maligne. Son dernier séjour en zone endémique datait de 2002. En conclusion, la gravité potentielle d’une anguillulose est fortement majorée par l’immunosuppression, et notamment par une corticothérapie au long cours. Ce risque doit donc être systématiquement prévenu avant l’instauration de tout traitement par corticoïdes, en premier lieu par la recherche à l’interrogatoire d’un séjour en zone d’endémie. Le cas de notre patient illustre bien le fait que l’ancienneté de la situation à risque de contamination n’est en aucun cas un critère suffisant pour éliminer une infection chronique asymptomatique à Strongyloïdes stercoralis. Il est donc recommandé chez tout patient ayant séjourné en zone d’endémie d’effectuer une recherche du parasite dans les selles par une technique sensibilisée.
Published: 2013
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42. Successful treatment of Cryptococcus gattii neurocryptococcosis in a 5-year-old immunocompetent child from the French Guiana Amazon region

Author: Olivier Lortholary, Bernard Carme, Anne Debourgogne, Vincent Veron, Christine Aznar, Ferry Hagen, Denis Blanchet, Laurence Long, Narcisse Elenga, and Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Subjects: Antifungal, medicine.drug_class, Cryptococcus, Microbiology, Central Nervous System Fungal Infections, Amphotericin B, Genotype, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Child, Preschool, Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcosis/therapy, biology, Amazon rainforest, Incidence (epidemiology), Remission Induction, Cryptococcosis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/therapy, medicine.drug
Abstract: Compared to the incidence in adults, cryptococcosis is rare among children. We report a case of neurocryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii in a five-year-old girl without identified risk factors living in French Guiana. Neurological surgery in combination with long-term antifungal treatment with amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine successfully resolved the cryptococcal infection. Subsequent molecular characterization of the Cryptococcus isolate revealed that the infection was caused by a C. gattii genotype AFLP6B/VGIIb strain.
Published: 2012

43. Ethmoido-maxillary sinusitis caused by the basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune

Author: Jean-Michel Vignaud, Roger Jankowski, Marie Machouart, Alexandre Rivier, Sokolowska-Gillois J, Anne Debourgogne, and Lorentz C
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, biology, media_common.quotation_subject, Schizophyllum commune, medicine, Dermatology, General Medicine, Art, biology.organism_classification, Sinusitis, medicine.disease, Humanities, media_common
Abstract: C. Lorentz, A. Rivier, A. Debourgogne, J. Sokolowska-Gillois, J-M. Vignaud, R. Jankowski and M. Machouart Service d Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU de Nancy, Hopital Central, Nancy Cedex, France, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Nancy, Hopital Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculte de Medecine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France and Service d Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hopital Central, CHU de Nancy, Nancy Cedex, France
Published: 2011
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44. Characteristics and specificities of Cryptococcus infections in French Guiana, 1998-2008

Author: Denis Blanchet, Mathieu Nacher, Christine Aznar, Vincent Veron, Rachida Boukhari, Bernard Carme, Xavier Iriart, and Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: Serotype, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Antigens, Fungal, Adolescent, Cryptococcus, Disease, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, HIV Seronegativity, parasitic diseases, Epidemiology, HIV Seropositivity, medicine, Humans, Serotyping, Child, Cryptococcus gattii, Aged, Demography, Retrospective Studies, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aged, 80 and over, biology, Incidence, General Medicine, Cryptococcosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Etiology, Female
Abstract: Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic systemic mycosis caused by members of the encapsulated yeast genus Cryptococcus. The aetiological agents of the disease are classified into two species, i.e., Cryptococcus neoformans (serotypes A, D, and AD) affecting mainly immunocompromised patients and Cryptococcus gattii (serotypes B and C) usually found in immunocompetent individuals. Limited data exist on Cryptococcus infections in French Guiana, the department with the highest HIV incidence in the French territories. A retrospective study between January 1998 and December 2008 was performed on all patients with cryptococcosis, admitted to hospitals in French Guiana. Epidemiological data, clinical forms and diagnosis methods were studied. Of the 43 patients with cryptococcosis, 29 (67.4%) had HIV infections. Among the HIV-negative patients, two (4.7%) presented identified risk factors for cryptococcosis. This study has shown a high frequency of patients with HTLV-1 positive serology (12.1%). C. neoformans var. grubii was recovered with a frequency of 77.3% and was mainly isolated from patients with AIDS (13/17), whereas C. gattii (22.7%) was strictly isolated from HIV-negative patients with no apparent risk factors. Despite a socio-economic environment closer to western countries, the overall epidemiology of cryptococcosis in French Guiana is more similar to that found in South America, particularly with reference to the serotypes of the causative yeasts. Indeed, French Guiana presents an especially high proportion of cases caused by C. gattii, which may explain the significant incidence of this disease, particularly in HIV-negative and immunocompetent patients.
Published: 2011

45. Emergence of disseminated infections due to Geosmithia argillacea in patients with chronic granulomatous disease receiving long-term azole antifungal prophylaxis

Author: Emilie Catherinot, Anne Debourgogne, Marc Lecuit, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Marie Machouart, Stéphane Blanche, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, H. Coignard, N. Hassouni, Olivier Lortholary, Alexandre Rivier, Alexandra Salmon, Relations Hôte-Environnement (RHEM), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: MESH: Histocytochemistry, Azoles, Male, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Chemoprevention, MESH: Fatal Outcome, Posaconazole, Antifungal Agents, Case Reports, Granulomatous Disease, Chronic, chemistry.chemical_compound, Echinocandins, Chronic granulomatous disease, Fatal Outcome, MESH: Granulomatous Disease, Chronic, MESH: Lipopeptides, Caspofungin, MESH: Azoles, Interferon gamma, Abscess, DNA, Fungal, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, Histocytochemistry, Fungal genetics, MESH: Naphthalenes, Eurotiales, 3. Good health, MESH: Eurotiales, MESH: Caspofungin, Female, medicine.drug, Rasamsonia, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Microscopy, MESH: Terbinafine, food.ingredient, Adolescent, MESH: Interferon-gamma, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Abscess, Biology, Naphthalenes, Chemoprevention, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, Lipopeptides, MESH: Mycoses, food, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, medicine, Humans, MESH: DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Terbinafine, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Echinocandins, MESH: Adult, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Triazoles, MESH: Antifungal Agents, medicine.disease, Dermatology, MESH: Male, MESH: DNA, Fungal, MESH: Triazoles, chemistry, Mycoses, Immunology, MESH: Female
Abstract: We report two cases of invasive infections due to Geosmithia argillacea , an emerging mold, in patients with chronic granulomatous disease receiving prolonged azole antifungal prophylaxis. One patient died despite receiving a combination of four antifungals, and the other developed cerebral and medullary lesions under a combination of caspofungin, posaconazole, terbinafine, and gamma interferon.
Published: 2011
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46. Diagnostic moléculaire des onychomycoses

Author: N. Contet-Audonneau, Marie Machouart, Anne Debourgogne, and D. Petitnataud
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Published: 2014
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47. Place du sérodiagnostic dans les infections fongiques invasives à Candida au CHU de Nancy

Author: Marie Machouart, Joséphine Dorin, Cynthia Pianetti, and Anne Debourgogne
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Abstract: Introduction Les infections a Candida sont au premier rang des infections fongiques et sont associees a une mortalite elevee. Leur diagnostic est difficile. L’hemoculture est l’examen de reference. Neanmoins leur faible sensibilite et leur positivite tardive au cours de l’infection sont connues. De ce fait, des tests complementaires qui permettent un diagnostic precoce sont necessaires. Ainsi, le serodiagnostic Candida reposant sur la recherche concomitante d’Ag mannanes et d’anticorps anti-mannanes fait partie des nouvelles recommandations de 2012 de l’ESCMID pour le diagnostic des candidemies. Materiel et methodes Dans un premier temps, une enquete sur la prescription de la serologie Candida au CHU de Nancy a ete realisee afin de connaitre les indications et d’evaluer les besoins des cliniciens. Dans un second temps, 39 patients presentant une candidose prouvee et ayant des serums disponibles ont ete selectionnes. La recherche d’Ag Mn et d’Ac anti-Mn a ete realisee par les techniques Elisa Platelia BIORAD® sur differents serums preleves sur une periode encadrant l’hemoculture positive. Resultats Une inadequation entre les prescriptions du serodiagnostic Candida, les populations a risque et les candidemies averees a ete observee. Ces analyses figurent le plus souvent dans des bilans systematiques de protocoles de greffe. La detection de l’Ag Mn et des Ac anti-Mn lors d’une candidemie a montre une sensibilite de 82 % lorsque ces deux tests etaient utilises en association. La precocite du diagnostic par rapport aux hemocultures a ete demontree dans 63 % des cas. Discussion Le serodiagnostic Candida, realise de maniere reguliere chez les patients a risque, conserve une place de choix dans la strategie diagnostique des candidemies car il constitue un argument supplementaire pour faire le choix d’une mise sous traitement empirique avant que les hemocultures se positivent.
Published: 2015
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48. ABPA et mucoviscidose : place du western blot dans la démarche diagnostique

Author: Anne Debourgogne, Jocelyne Derelle, Joséphine Dorin, Julien Decker, and Marie Machouart
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Abstract: Introduction L’aspergillose bronchopulmonaire allergique (ABPA) survient principalement au cours de la mucoviscidose. Les criteres diagnostiques biologiques definis sont un taux d’IgE totales > 1000 UI/mL, la presence d’IgE et d’IgG specifiques d’A. fumigatus pouvant etre associes a la presence de precipitines. Cependant, les techniques de precipitations sont longues, difficiles a interpreter, de sensibilite mediocre, et presentent des defauts d’approvisionnement en reactifs. Recemment, une nouvelle technique de confirmation, par western blot, a ete commercialisee. Patients et methodes Dix-sept patients presentant une ABPA sur un terrain de mucoviscidose suivis aux CRCM du CHU de Nancy ont ete selectionnes et inclus dans l’etude. Les serums etaient preleves soit au moment d’une poussee d’ABPA, soit au cours du bilan annuel de suivi. Deux methodes diagnostiques de confirmation : la co-electrosynerese (CoES), et le western blot (WB) ont ete comparees, dans le but de mettre en place cette nouvelle technique au sein du laboratoire. Resultats Cent pour cent des patients presentaient une serologie aspergillaire positive en Elisa. Cinquante-trois pour cent etaient positifs en CoES et 82 % en WB. L’analyse des donnees montrait 12 concordances et 5 discordances (CoES negative et WB positif) entre ces deux methodes. Discussion Le western blot a de meilleures performances diagnostiques que la co-electrosynerese (sensibilite = 71 % vs 57 %). Il permet egalement de detecter et de confirmer la specificite des anticorps circulants, et notamment ceux de taux faible dans des situations ou la co-electrosynerese ne le permettait pas. Le western blot peut ainsi remplacer les techniques de precipitation en pratique courante.
Published: 2015
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49. Metarhizium anisopliae : à propos d’un cas rare de kératite fongique invasive

Author: Marie Machouart, Marie-Christine Bazard, Anne Debourgogne, Joséphine Dorin, and Mohamed Zaidi
Subjects: Infectious Diseases
Abstract: Metarhizium anisopliae ( M. anisopliae ) est un champignon filamenteux entomopathogene largement utilise dans l’agriculture comme pesticide naturel. Son developpement est favorise par les climats temperes et humides des pays nordiques (latitude > 40°N) et les sols acides (pH Nous rapportons le premier cas de keratite fongique a M. anisopliae en France et en Europe rapporte a ce jour. Il s’agit d’un homme de 39 ans, en bonne sante par ailleurs, developpant un abces de cornee suite a une projection de terre dans l’œil droit quelques semaines auparavant. Devant l’absence d’amelioration clinique sous traitement anti-infectieux large spectre, un recours a une keratoplastie transfixiante « a chaud » a ete necessaire. L’analyse du bouton corneen met en evidence des filaments a l’examen direct puis une culture positive a M. anisopliae apres confirmation par biologie moleculaire (sequencage de l’ADN ribosomique 18S). L’antifongigramme montre une resistance a l’amphotericine B. En post-greffe, un traitement par amphotericine B local et voriconazole oral a ete maintenu pendant 2 semaines. A 5 mois post-greffe, il n’y a eu ni rejet du greffon, ni rechute de l’infection.
Published: 2015
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50. Cardiac Manifestations of Toxocariasis: A Case Report of Loffler Endocarditis and Literature Review

Author: Anne Debourgogne, Laura Filippetti, primary
Published: 2015
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