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Transmission system of the Rajasthan state, India is used to transfer power from the centralized generating stations to load centers. There is a thermal complex in the Kota region which includes four thermal power stations (TPS). These are Kawai Super Critical TPS (SCTPS), Chhabra TPS, Chhabra SCTPS, and Kalisindh TPS. Existing transmission system is not sufficient to evacuate power from this thermal complex during the contingency conditions. Hence, restructuring of the existing power network is required to mitigate the power evacuation constraints from this thermal complex. This research presents an optimized design for the restructuring of the transmission network associated with this thermal complex to mitigate power evacuation constraints. This is achieved by analysing the various possible options of the creation of various 400/220 kV GSS or 220/132 kV GSS in the region. Research also considered replacement of the existing ICTs at the thermal power stations by ICTs of higher ratings. The strength of the proposed restructured power system network is tested during various contingency conditions so that the power system network always takes care of power evacuation from the thermal complex and avoids the requirement of backing down the generation. Modified network is tested using the load flow study as well as a short circuit study. Results of these studies established that creation of 400/220 kV GSS at Sangod will be technically most feasible, effective and sufficient to mitigate the power evacuation constraints associated with the thermal complex. The study is performed using the MiPower software.

Transmission network expansion planning problem (TNEP) is of utmost importance in power system now a days. In this paper, a voltage stability indicator (L-index) is applied to limit the voltage of buses. Hence TNEP is formulated incorporating this voltage stability feature. Thus formulated TNEP is termed as voltage stability constrained TNEP (VSC-TNEP). TNEP has been solved using various conventional and non-conventional strategies by various researchers in these days. Here, TNEP and VSC-TNEP for IEEE-24 bus test system is solved using grey wolf optimization technique (GWO) and modified GWO. The modified GWO algorithm namely, fast convergent GWO (FCGWO) is validated over 25 standard benchmark test functions and compared with other techniques.

Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) problem is a large-scale, complex mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. The solution of TNEP problem is essential to fulfill the load demand in an economical manner. A grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm which is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm is used to solve the TNEP problem. Further, a modified GWO is developed, and to validate its result, it is tested on 20 standard benchmark test functions. The basic and modified version of GWO algorithms is applied to solve TNEP problem for Graver’s six-bus and Brazilian 46-bus systems. The obtained results are compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms. The results demonstrate the accuracy as well as proficiency of the proposed algorithm.

In the present scenario where the power system uses the fossil fuels and conventional energy resources for fulfilling the consumers demand, to decrease this penetration and as per environmental concern the use of renewable energy sources is the only option. After this adaption the environmental and economic concerns are highly effective in positive way. Towards the new advancement adaption in this paper simulation study of an isolated microgrid consisting electrical vehicle (EV) charging station and multiple RESs. This isolated microgrid consist 15 MW diesel generator, 4.5 MW wind farm, 8MW PV farm and 10 MW residential load. In this paper main focus is charging of electric vehicle and relation between vehicle and grid. The study of model is done over a day (24 hour). Various and impactful results are discussed in this paper which are got after simulation of model. In this paper charging station has capacity of 5 profile of Vehicles. Moreover, the high penetration pf RESs reduced the GHG emissions.

Day by day increment in the necessity of the consumer side is observed so we use FACTS technology for utilising better functionality of the power system. HPFC is the useful device like UPFC that observed severally and selectively Performance characteristics over actual controllers. The main demerit of UPFC is so expensive from HPFC because of its full rating (MVA) of VSC's converter. So, the total cost of controller (HPFC) is reduces. This paper defines the study of performance improvisation in the power system by comparing the HPFC and UPFC. Here we used one topology of HPFC which is formed by two VSC's are connected in series and SVC is connected in shunt through the tie-lines. The outcomes of comparison on HPFC and UPFC are explained on SMIB system that observes the HPFC is economically better than other controllers with better performance.

This paper present amelioration power quality of hybrid power system integration with PV, wind and battery system by FACTS device. In transmission and distribution system power quality is major restraint. FACTS device have many merits in transmission like flexibility and high speed. Benefit of this system is the diverse sources can be connected to at one junction of power line, because of this these method are ascertaining to be an efficacious and ductile method for the development of the system. Harmonics produce when two diverse source connected to grid and it removed by using UPFC. The unified power flow control is the most promising device of fact family at which study in this paper is concentrated. In the study of this paper UPFC is modeled and interpretation of UPFC in a hybrid-grid connected system is examined. The extraordinary feature of the UPFC is such that it can control flow of real and reactive power as well as voltage amplitude at the same time at the UPFC nodes. The planned model is simulating in MATLAB/Simulink software.

Microgrid (MCG) musters of distribution system and distributed energy resources concurrently storage units and adjustable loads. Operating conditions for these systems are sovereign (Islanding mode) or depending (Grid connected mode). Various technologies are using now a days for making easeful the local generation using very small sources and the extendable (in time phrase)sources which are available in bulk and in the nature like wind, biomass, geothermal, sun radiation on earth etc. the planned accomplishment of local microgrid going through the view of study which contains residential type load whose nature may be critical or non-critical, a governed battery, pv system power by solar radiation as RES, distribution network of any grid which integrate an islanding MCG into grid through a pole mounted transformer. Different load conditions are examined over a 24-hour time phrase and the variation results on battery POC (Phrase of Charge) examined on MATLAB2018a software and relative imposition is examined for the time limit at various parameters of load for planned groundwork purpose.

Due to hike in price of conventional source of energy we attentive toward non -conventional source of energy. This paper with present of a hybrid solar-wind energy system with gird connected. Hybrid solar-wind system consist wind, solar source and ac loads. In solar dc output system is raised by boost converter. MPPT technique is used to maximize the output of solar system. The wind subsystem is made of a permanent magnet synchronous generator and rectifier, boost converter for maximum output. Voltage regulator is used for controlling the hybrid solar & wind system. Modeling of hybrid PV and wind turbine which is controlled by voltage regulator is explained. To increase reliability & reduce reliance on one single source we connected these two systems.

The power system is a complex interconnected network which can be subdivided into three components: generation, distribution, and transmission. Capacitors of specific sizes are placed in the distribution network so that losses in transmission and distribution is minimum. But the decision of size and position of capacitors in this network is a complex optimization problem. In this paper, Limacon curve inspired local search strategy (LLS) is proposed and incorporated into spider monkey optimization (SMO) algorithm to deal optimal placement and the sizing problem of capacitors. The proposed strategy is named as Limacon inspired SMO (LSMO) algorithm. In the proposed local search strategy, the Limacon curve equation is modified by incorporating the persistence and social learning components of SMO algorithm. The performance of LSMO is tested over 25 benchmark functions. Further, it is applied to solve optimal capacitor placement and sizing problem in IEEE-14, 30 and 33 test bus systems with the proper allocation of 3 and 5-capacitors. The reported results are compared with a network without a capacitor (un-capacitor) and other existing methods.

The nature-inspired algorithms NIAs have shown efficiency to solve many complex real-world optimisation problems. The efficiency of NIAs is measured by their ability to find adequate results within a reasonable amount of time, rather than an ability to guarantee the optimal solution. This paper presents a solution for lower order system modelling using spider monkey optimisation SMO algorithm to obtain a better approximation for lower order systems and reflects almost original higher order system's characteristics. Further, a local search strategy, namely, power law-based local search is incorporated with SMO. The proposed strategy is named as power law-based local search in SMO PLSMO. The efficiency, accuracy and reliability of the proposed algorithm is tested over 20 well-known benchmark functions. Then, the PLSMO algorithm is applied to solve the lower order system modelling problem.

Transmission network expansion planning problem (TNEP) is extensive, complicated, nonlinear programmable issue. A cost-effective result of TNEP is required to get the power generation pattern with load demand in economical and reliable manner. In this paper, AC optimal power flow-based TNEP is solved using a recent nature-inspired algorithm, namely grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO). The GWO is tested to this TNEP for solution of six bus Graver’s system and 24 bus IEEE system. The reported outcomes reveal that GWO is cost-effective and more accurate strategy to solve this TNEP.

With the ever-advancing technology, our electricity consumption is taking a hike, too. To indemnify this hike, the power engineers have to ensure that the consumers get an uninterrupted power supply. Unfortunately, the conventional grid is no longer reliable to provide a continuous power supply to the consumers. So, the power industry has switched onto the new power generation sources like solar photovoltaic, wind energy systems, hydel power etc. Out of these, solar photovoltaic has proved to be the most efficient one. In this paper, we shall integrate the solar power with the conventional grid and study the effects of high solar penetration on the conventional grid. The problems which arise due to high solar penetration include load variation, voltage rise and reverse power flow. Also, the sporadic nature of solar PV makes the system a bit unstable. So, to resolve all these issues, a new FACTS device, UPFC has been used. The UPFC ameliorates the voltage profile of the system as the series converter of UPFC injects an ac bus voltage into the system. Also, during the specified switching time, the UPFC removes the power oscillations arising at the utility grid side. The model also enhances the voltage profile of the system and increases the power at the grid side. The model is simulated on MATLAB Simulink and simulation outcomes have been shown.

A recently new proposed control structure for improvement for Power Quality in power-systems has introduced an extension for FACTS, known as Distributed Power Flow Controller. This device controls the system behavior under defective conditions by controlling series and parallel convertors associated with it. The DPFC is the modified version of Unified power Flow Controller (UPFC) by terminating its interconnection using dc-link capacitor. It applies the D-FACTS concepts in series control convertor and STATCOM like control in parallel convertor. The power transferring is bi-directional between two convertors with the help of X-mission line. The controlling capacity of DPFC is as same for UPFC and additionally it is much convenient and cheaper than UPFC. In this presented paper DPFC is used for mitigating power fluctuations during unbalance fault. The simulation model and its results are evaluated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and validates its ability for PQ improvement.

Low frequency electromechanical oscillation are prescribed features in power system and it tremendous affect on the line transfer capability and stability of the power system. power system oscillations can be damped by FACTS devices. Computer simulation studies performed on a multimachine test system are presented in this paper and comprehensive analysis and results are obtained for voltage profile at all buses, damping of oscillations in the power system during fault conditions with UPFC at various locations in the test system.

Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) problem has been continuously solved for many years still the cost effective, reliable, and optimise solution is always desirable. The TNEP has been solved by various conventional and non conventional strategies. The strategy to find the solution of TNEP by classical mathematical optimisation techniques is tedious, slow and inefficient. In recent years, nature inspired algorithms (NIAs) have proven their importance to provide the solutions of the TNEP problem over classical mathematical optimisation techniques. This paper presents a review on the key contributions of the state-of-art NIAs to solve the TNEP problem. Further, the TNEP system specific significant works presented in the literature are summarised for easy understanding of the readers. The readers can get a brief description of the considered NIAs algorithms which has been applied to solve various systems of TNEP problem and they can also identify the significant NIA which is being applied for specific TNEP system.

Low frequency oscillations are the major problem in power system. To magnify the power system stability, new FACTS device is introduced i.e. Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) for damping the low frequency electro-mechanical oscillations. DPFC works on the theory of D-FACTS (distributed FACTS). It is modified form of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) with removal of common DC link in UPFC. In this paper, optimal design problem is solved using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to optimize the damping controller parameters. Results shows that DPFC employed with DE algorithm improves the stability more effectively compared with GA.

As energy demand is increasing rapidly, our deployment must be tending towards Renewable Energy Sources (RES), in order to meet the demand. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most focused RES due to plenty than other sources. Before serving to the load, the generated power by solar array is treated electronically and this process is called 'power conditioning'. In power conditioning, two major functions are frequently discussed i.e. DC-AC conversion and maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In order to supply the maximum power to the load, it is desired to operate the solar array at its maximum power point (MPP). Maximum Power Point Tracker automatically and electronically matches the load with the array. There are various techniques to determine the maximum power point. In this paper, one soft computing technique is discussed for this purpose i.e. Fuzzy Logic. With the fuzzy logic based control technique, the duty cycle of the boost converter is controlled in order to obtain the maximum power from PV array. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based MPPT system is implemented to the grid through multilevel inverter (MLI).

In this paper, the design of a damping controller for a STATCOM using periodic output feedback technique is presented. By this technique, a very simple controller, in the form of a gain matrix only, is obtained, which is effective over a range of operating conditions. As a result, the control system designed by the proposed technique is very easy to implement. The effectiveness of the proposed technique has been validated through detailed non-linear simulation studies on 10-machine-39 bus New England system.

In this article, the design of a damping controller for a static synchronous compensator using a fast output sampling feedback technique is presented. The proposed technique needs only the information of locally available signals, and moreover, by this technique, a very simple controller in the form of a simple gain matrix is obtained, which is effective over a range of operating conditions. Because of these two reasons, the control system designed by the proposed technique is very easy to implement. The effectiveness of the proposed technique has been validated through detailed non-linear simulation studies on the 10-machine 39-bus New England system.

The power system is a complex interconnected network which consists of four components: generation, distribution, transmission, and load. The loads may be varying in nature. For supplying these loads, with an aim of minimum losses in transmission and distribution, the additional transmission lines are required to be added for expansion. To find out the optimum locations of these additional lines are a complex and challenging task. Swarm intelligence motivated algorithms have been proved to be efficient to deal this type of optimisation problem. Therefore, this work applies a recent swarm intelligence motivated algorithm namely, spider monkey optimisation (SMO) to identify the optimum locations for the additional lines in the system. Further, to augment the solution search capacity of SMO algorithm, a Fibonacci series-based local search (FLS) is proposed and incorporated with SMO. The modified SMO is named as Fibonacci inspired spider monkey optimisation algorithm (FSMO). The authenticity of the suggested FSMO is analysed through statistical analysis over 20 benchmark functions. Further, both the algorithms, FSMO and SMO are applied to solve the transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem for IEEE-24 bus system. The reported results are judged against other state-of-art algorithms for solving TEP issues.

The increasing penetration of wind power makes the power system more and more complicated, deregulated, and distributed. Thus, the time critical protection needs to be implemented in proper coordination. This requires real time monitoring and controlling of highly non linear modern electric grid, which can be achieved through Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS). Successful implementation of WAMS requires incorporation of fast and reliable modern communication technologies in the power system. In this paper, the system's dynamic performance is examined with the incorporation of communication technologies. The active power system with 9 MW wind farm is used for the study. WAMS and wind farm communication are based on IEEE standard C37.118.2 and IEC 61400-25 respectively. The different fault scenarios have been simulated and performance is analyzed with the incorporation of communication technologies. The power system has been simulated in MATLAB while communication based simulations have been performed in OPNET. Simulation results clearly show that the incorporation of communication network can avoid wind farm tripping even in severe fault conditions.

This paper investigates the consequences of integration of solar PV and wind power generation on the small signal stability of power system. Standard benchmark IEEE 14 bus system is selected for study. Impact has been analyzed by substituting the conventional synchronous generator with Solar Photo-Voltaic Generation (SPVG) and Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind turbines separately as well as jointly. The effect of varying penetration level of solar and wind power is also investigated. Eigenvalue analysis is used to compute the frequency and damping factor of oscillatory components that arise due to small disturbances. The oscillatory modes are also identified using discrete wavelet transform, a spectral analysis technique. Power spectral density and time frequency curves are used to extract hidden frequency information from the signal. The different cases have been simulated in MATLAB based PSAT, wavelet, and time frequency signal analysis toolboxes.

Induction motors are widely used in power system due to their robustness, even though induction motors are highly non-linear and their control is quite complicated. Proportional integral derivative acceleration PIDA controller is used with induction motor for improving its efficiency. But, finding optimal PIDA controller parameters is a complex task and cannot be easily dealt by the available analytical strategies. As the nature inspired algorithms NIAs have shown their accuracy and efficiency to solve such complicated optimization problems, in this paper, a recent NIA, namely Spider Monkey Optimization SMO algorithm is used for finding the optimal PIDA controller's parameters for controlling the induction motor. As per the best of authors knowledge, it is the first attempt to design optimal PIDA controller's parameters for induction motor through any swarm intelligence motivated algorithm.

Optimal power flow OPF is the most requisite tool in the power system analysis. The OPF is relatively a difficult constrained optimisation problem and broadly solved by conventional as well as modern intelligent methods. In this paper the authors proposed a Levy flight spider monkey optimisation LFSMO algorithm to solve the standard OPF problem for IEEE 30-bus system, which is proposed to improve the exploitation capability of spider monkey optimisation SMO algorithm. The performance of LFSMO is evaluated by testing it over 25 benchmark functions.

In this paper, a simple and efficient algorithm for incorporating STATCOM losses in the load flow calculation is proposed. In this technique, both the STATCOM switching loss and the step-down transformer ohmic loss are accounted for and are calculated iteratively. To reduce the computational burden, the system load flow equations and the STATCOM equations are solved separately. The proposed algorithm has been tested on IEEE 30 bus and IEEE 57 bus power systems. Based on the results obtained on different operating conditions, the proposed algorithm has been found to possess good convergence characteristics. The influence of different factors on the convergence characteristics of the proposed algorithm has also been investigated in detail.

This paper investigates the impact of wind power on small signal stability of power system using parameters like; wind power penetration level and Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) voltage controller gain. The impact of wind penetration has been analysed by replacing conventional synchronous generator with DFIG based wind turbines. For this purpose, standard IEEE 14 Bus system has been selected. Time tested modal analysis has been used to compute the oscillatory modes that occur due to small disturbances. Further, the identification of low frequency oscillations has been done using prony analysis. Prony analysis has been performed in time as well as in frequency domain, and used for extracting hidden frequency information from the waveform of the signal.