Search

Your search keyword '"Anna Zivian"' showing total 17 results
Start Over Author "Anna Zivian"
17 results on '"Anna Zivian"'

1. Networked media and information ocean literacy: a transformative approach for UN ocean decade

Author

Leopoldo Cavaleri Gerhardinger, Andre Carlo Colonese, Rafael Gué Martini, Isabele da Silveira, Anna Zivian, Dannieli Firme Herbst, Bruce Glavovic, Santiago Tejedor Calvo, and Patrick Christie

Subjects
Oceanography, GC1-1581, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract The United Nations’ Ocean Decade calls for co-designing transformative science, ocean networks, and learning strategies to address ocean health decline and deep-blue social divides in ocean governance. Yet the transformative capacity to advance ocean sustainability pathways shared by the UN Ocean Decade ecosystem of partners is still under-realized in the early stages of this global campaign. This paper explores the conceptual and institutional implications of the combined use of marine learning networks (MLNs) and media and information ocean literacy (MIOL) approaches to strengthen capacities for ocean governance systems’ transformation (leadership, strategies, skills, and actions). We build upon an empirical case study of the self-organized, youth-led Brazilian Future Ocean Panel, applying a regional alternative to such a combined approach (namely Social-Environmental Educommunication) during a four-year transdisciplinary program. We reveal the synergistic benefits of MLNs and MIOL in empowering early-career ocean professionals and fostering their transformative capacity in ocean policymaking. Our findings emphasize the practical implications of these approaches for advancing ocean governance systems transformations in other regions. Insights are shared on MLNs and MIOL applications in the pursuit of transdisciplinary solutions, ocean governance transformation, capacity development, and effective responses to foundational challenges facing the UN Ocean Decade’s global efforts toward sustainability.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Pathways to Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Marine Science and Conservation

Author

Shaili Johri, Maria Carnevale, Lindsay Porter, Anna Zivian, Melina Kourantidou, Erin L. Meyer, Jessica Seevers, and Rachel A. Skubel

Subjects
equity, diversity, inclusion, conferences, peer-review, bias, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Marine conservation sciences have traditionally been, and remain, non-diverse work environments with many barriers to justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI). These barriers disproportionately affect entry of early career scientists and practitioners and limit the success of marine conservation professionals from under-represented, marginalized, and overburdened groups. These groups specifically include women, LGBTQ+, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). However, the issues also arise from the global North/South and East/West divide with under-representation of scientists from the South and East in the global marine conservation and science arena. Persisting inequities in conservation, along with a lack of inclusiveness and diversity, also limit opportunities for innovation, cross-cultural knowledge exchange, and effective implementation of conservation and management policies. As part of its mandate to increase diversity and promote inclusion of underrepresented groups, the Diversity and Inclusion committee of the Society for Conservation Biology-Marine Section (SCB Marine) organized a JEDI focus group at the Sixth International Marine Conservation Congress (IMCC6) which was held virtually. The focus group included a portion of the global cohort of IMCC6 attendees who identified issues affecting JEDI in marine conservation and explored pathways to address those issues. Therefore, the barriers and pathways identified here focus on issues pertinent to participants’ global regions and experiences. Several barriers to just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive conservation science and practice were identified. Examples included limited participation of under-represented minorities (URM) in research networks, editorial biases against URM, limited professional development and engagement opportunities for URM and non-English speakers, barriers to inclusion of women, LGBTQ+, and sensory impaired individuals, and financial barriers to inclusion of URM in all aspects of marine conservation and research. In the current policy brief, we explore these barriers, assess how they limit progress in marine conservation research and practice, and seek to identify initiatives for improvements. We expect the initiatives discussed here to advances practices rooted in principles of JEDI, within SCB Marine and, the broader conservation community. The recommendations and perspectives herein broadly apply to conservation science and practice, and are critical to effective and sustainable conservation and management outcomes.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Designing Coastal Adaptation Strategies to Tackle Sea Level Rise

Author

Théophile Bongarts Lebbe, Hélène Rey-Valette, Éric Chaumillon, Guigone Camus, Rafael Almar, Anny Cazenave, Joachim Claudet, Nicolas Rocle, Catherine Meur-Férec, Frédérique Viard, Denis Mercier, Christine Dupuy, Frédéric Ménard, Bernardo Aliaga Rossel, Lauren Mullineaux, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Anna Zivian, Françoise Gaill, and Agathe Euzen

Subjects
climate change, sea level rise, adaptation, governance, nature-based solutions, multidisciplinary approach, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Faced with sea level rise and the intensification of extreme events, human populations living on the coasts are developing responses to address local situations. A synthesis of the literature on responses to coastal adaptation allows us to highlight different adaptation strategies. Here, we analyze these strategies according to the complexity of their implementation, both institutionally and technically. First, we distinguish two opposing paradigms – fighting against rising sea levels or adapting to new climatic conditions; and second, we observe the level of integrated management of the strategies. This typology allows a distinction between four archetypes with the most commonly associated governance modalities for each. We then underline the need for hybrid approaches and adaptation trajectories over time to take into account local socio-cultural, geographical, and climatic conditions as well as to integrate stakeholders in the design and implementation of responses. We show that dynamic and participatory policies can foster collective learning processes and enable the evolution of social values and behaviors. Finally, adaptation policies rely on knowledge and participatory engagement, multi-scalar governance, policy monitoring, and territorial solidarity. These conditions are especially relevant for densely populated areas that will be confronted with sea level rise, thus for coastal cities in particular.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Establishing the Foundation for the Global Observing System for Marine Life

Author

Erin V. Satterthwaite, Nicholas J. Bax, Patricia Miloslavich, Lavenia Ratnarajah, Gabrielle Canonico, Daniel Dunn, Samantha E. Simmons, Roxanne J. Carini, Karen Evans, Valerie Allain, Ward Appeltans, Sonia Batten, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Anthony T. F. Bernard, Sky Bristol, Abigail Benson, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Leopoldo Cavaleri Gerhardinger, Sanae Chiba, Tammy E. Davies, J. Emmett Duffy, Alfredo Giron-Nava, Astrid J. Hsu, Alexandra C. Kraberg, Raphael M. Kudela, Dan Lear, Enrique Montes, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Todd D. O’Brien, David Obura, Pieter Provoost, Sara Pruckner, Lisa-Maria Rebelo, Elizabeth R. Selig, Olav Sigurd Kjesbu, Craig Starger, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Marjo Vierros, John Waller, Lauren V. Weatherdon, Tristan P. Wellman, and Anna Zivian

Subjects
biodiversity, global coordination, long term observations, time series, environmental monitoring, sustainability, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Maintaining healthy, productive ecosystems in the face of pervasive and accelerating human impacts including climate change requires globally coordinated and sustained observations of marine biodiversity. Global coordination is predicated on an understanding of the scope and capacity of existing monitoring programs, and the extent to which they use standardized, interoperable practices for data management. Global coordination also requires identification of gaps in spatial and ecosystem coverage, and how these gaps correspond to management priorities and information needs. We undertook such an assessment by conducting an audit and gap analysis from global databases and structured surveys of experts. Of 371 survey respondents, 203 active, long-term (>5 years) observing programs systematically sampled marine life. These programs spanned about 7% of the ocean surface area, mostly concentrated in coastal regions of the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. Seagrasses, mangroves, hard corals, and macroalgae were sampled in 6% of the entire global coastal zone. Two-thirds of all observing programs offered accessible data, but methods and conditions for access were highly variable. Our assessment indicates that the global observing system is largely uncoordinated which results in a failure to deliver critical information required for informed decision-making such as, status and trends, for the conservation and sustainability of marine ecosystems and provision of ecosystem services. Based on our study, we suggest four key steps that can increase the sustainability, connectivity and spatial coverage of biological Essential Ocean Variables in the global ocean: (1) sustaining existing observing programs and encouraging coordination among these; (2) continuing to strive for data strategies that follow FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable); (3) utilizing existing ocean observing platforms and enhancing support to expand observing along coasts of developing countries, in deep ocean basins, and near the poles; and (4) targeting capacity building efforts. Following these suggestions could help create a coordinated marine biodiversity observing system enabling ecological forecasting and better planning for a sustainable use of ocean resources.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Sowing seeds of hope in California's fields of resistance to Pharm rice and Frankenfish

Author

Dustin Mulvaney and Anna Zivian

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Political science
Abstract

California has been an important site of governance on risks from genetically engineered (GE) organisms. This paper reviews California's efforts to govern the ecological and food safety risks from GE salmon and GE pharmaceutical rice. We explain how a political constellation of actors emerged to pursue precautionary policies, and we discuss the prospects for similar policies elsewhere. We find that regulation of particularly risky objects is possible in some places, particularly where social movement organizations are mobilized and the possible consequences are severe, such as with impacts to wild salmon runs or pharmaceutically contaminated foods. But such regulations may only emerge when they are inconsequential to, or aligned with, the market concerns of dominant economic interests. Key Words: genetically engineered organisms, social movements, biosafety, California.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. An evolution towards scientific consensus for a sustainable ocean future

Author

Françoise Gaill, Tanya Brodie Rudolph, Lara Lebleu, Denis Allemand, Robert Blasiak, William W. L. Cheung, Joachim Claudet, Leopoldo Cavaleri Gerhardinger, Nadine Le Bris, Lisa Levin, Hans- Otto Pörtner, Martin Visbeck, Anna Zivian, Pierre Bahurel, Laurent Bopp, Chris Bowler, Frédérique Chlous, Philippe Cury, Didier Gascuel, Sylvie Goyet, Nathalie Hilmi, Frédéric Ménard, Fiorenza Micheli, Lauren Mullineaux, Rémi Parmentier, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Sabrina Speich, Olivier Thébaud, Torsten Thiele, Martha Bowler, Philippe Charvis, Raphael Cuvelier, François Houllier, Sarah Palazot, Francis Staub, Olivier Poivre d’Arvor, Plateforme Océan et Climat, Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch University, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences [UTokyo] (GSALS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia (UBC), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Sorbonne Université (SU), Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of California (UC), Climate Sciences Department [Bremerhaven], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Ocean Conservancy, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Pôle halieutique, Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hopkins Marine Station [Stanford], Stanford University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), The Varda Group, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Marseille (IRD Marseille), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), International Coral Reef Initiative, Oakland, USA, and Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)

Subjects
Environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Environmental social sciences, Ocean sciences, Scientific community, Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Systems biology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Climate sciences, Environmental studies, Social sciences
Abstract

The ocean has recently taken centre stage in the global geopolitical landscape. Despite rising challenges to the effectiveness of multilateralism, attention to ocean issues appears as an opportunity to co-create pathways to ocean sustainability at multiple levels. The ocean science community, however, is not sufficiently well organised to advance these pathways and provide policy input. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services demonstrate how knowledge consensus and integration have been instrumental in charting global pathways and eliciting commitments to address, respectively, climate change and biodiversity loss. An equally impactful global platform with a thematic focus on ocean sustainability is needed. Here we introduce the International Panel for Ocean Sustainability (IPOS) as a coordinating mechanism to integrate knowledge systems to forge a bridge across ocean science-policy divides collectively. The IPOS will enrich the global policy debate in the Ocean Decade and support a shift toward ocean sustainability.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. International and Domestic Leadership by U.S. States on Ocean Acidification

Author

Whitney Berry, Melissa R. McCutcheon, Sarah R. Cooley, and Anna Zivian

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental protection, Carbon dioxide, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Climate change, Ocean acidification, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Reducing global carbon dioxide emissions is the fundamental action required to make progress on climate change and to reduce ocean acidification. Acting on climate this way is acting on acidificati...

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Establishing the Foundation for the Global Observing System for Marine Life

Author

Astrid J. Hsu, Raphael M. Kudela, J. Emmett Duffy, Craig J. Starger, Todd D. O’Brien, Nicholas J. Bax, Patricia Miloslavich, Sanae Chiba, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, David Obura, Erin V. Satterthwaite, Daniel C. Dunn, Olav Sigurd Kjesbu, Marjo Vierros, Tristan P. Wellman, Anthony T. F. Bernard, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Abigail Benson, Frank E. Muller-Karger, S. Bristol, Anna Zivian, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Alexandra Kraberg, Sonia D. Batten, Ward Appeltans, Enrique Montes, Sara Pruckner, Alfredo Giron-Nava, Leopoldo Cavaleri Gerhardinger, Elizabeth R. Selig, John Waller, Pieter Provoost, D Lear, Lavenia Ratnarajah, Gabrielle Canonico, Valerie Allain, Tammy E. Davies, Lauren V. Weatherdon, Karen Evans, Roxanne J. Carini, Lisa-Maria Rebelo, and Samantha E. Simmons

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, essential ocean variables, Ecological forecasting, Ocean Engineering, Marine life, Information needs, Aquatic Science, QH1-199.5, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, biodiversity, environmental monitoring, Global and Planetary Change, long term observations, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Capacity building, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, climate change, global coordination, sustainability, time series, Gap analysis (conservation), 15. Life on land, Geography, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, business
Abstract

Maintaining healthy, productive ecosystems in the face of pervasive and accelerating human impacts including climate change requires globally coordinated and sustained observations of marine biodiversity. Global coordination is predicated on an understanding of the scope and capacity of existing monitoring programs, and the extent to which they use standardized, interoperable practices for data management. Global coordination also requires identification of gaps in spatial and ecosystem coverage, and how these gaps correspond to management priorities and information needs. We undertook such an assessment by conducting an audit and gap analysis from global databases and structured surveys of experts. Of 371 survey respondents, 203 active, long-term (>5 years) observing programs systematically sampled marine life. These programs spanned about 7% of the ocean surface area, mostly concentrated in coastal regions of the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. Seagrasses, mangroves, hard corals, and macroalgae were sampled in 6% of the entire global coastal zone. Two-thirds of all observing programs offered accessible data, but methods and conditions for access were highly variable. Our assessment indicates that the global observing system is largely uncoordinated which results in a failure to deliver critical information required for informed decision-making such as, status and trends, for the conservation and sustainability of marine ecosystems and provision of ecosystem services. Based on our study, we suggest four key steps that can increase the sustainability, connectivity and spatial coverage of biological Essential Ocean Variables in the global ocean: (1) sustaining existing observing programs and encouraging coordination among these; (2) continuing to strive for data strategies that follow FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable); (3) utilizing existing ocean observing platforms and enhancing support to expand observing along coasts of developing countries, in deep ocean basins, and near the poles; and (4) targeting capacity building efforts. Following these suggestions could help create a coordinated marine biodiversity observing system enabling ecological forecasting and better planning for a sustainable use of ocean resources.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. The Aichi Biodiversity Targets: achievements for marine conservation and priorities beyond 2020

Author

Hannah Carr, Sarah N. de Mendonça, Marina Abas, Abbie S. A. Chapman, Wing Yan Chan, Abigail Engleman, Filippo Ferrario, Kayelyn R. Simmons, Loubna Boutahar, Anna Zivian, Jana Verdura, and Olivia N. Caretti

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Marine conservation, Aichi, Target, Conservation Biology, Science Policy, Biodiversity, Marine Biology, Conservation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ecosystem services, Conference of the parties, Political science, Citizen science, Environmental planning, Strategic planning, Convention on Biological Diversity, Marine, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Neuroscience, General Medicine, Work (electrical), Priorities, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

In 2010 the Conference of the Parties (COP) for the Convention on Biological Diversity revised and updated a Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, which included the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Here a group of early career researchers mentored by senior scientists, convened as part of the 4th World Conference on Marine Biodiversity, reflects on the accomplishments and shortfalls under four of the Aichi Targets considered highly relevant to marine conservation: target 6 (sustainable fisheries), 11 (protection measures), 15 (ecosystem restoration and resilience) and 19 (knowledge, science and technology). We conclude that although progress has been made towards the targets, these have not been fully achieved for the marine environment by the 2020 deadline. The progress made, however, lays the foundations for further work beyond 2020 to work towards the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity. We identify key priorities that must be addressed to better enable marine biodiversity conservation efforts moving forward.

Published
2020

10. A Roadmap for using the UN decade of ocean science for sustainable development in support of science, policy, and action

Author

Anny Cazenave, Jacqueline Uku, Agathe Euzen, M. Araujo, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Cyrille Barnerias, Elva Escobar-Briones, Patricia Ricard, Nathalie Hilmi, Silva Osvaldina, Stéphanie Thiébault, Johanna J. Heymans, Antoine Pebayle, Alexander Turra, Nele Matz-Lück, Lauren S. Mullineaux, Patricia Miloslavich, Julian Barbière, Martin Visbeck, Cameron Diver, Amadou Thierno Gaye, Robert T. Watson, Romain Troublé, Torsten Thiele, Remi Parmentier, Frédéric Ménard, Norma Patricia Muñoz, Cyril Moulin, Joachim Claudet, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Anna Zivian, Laurent Bopp, Denis Bailly, Françoise Gaill, Isabelle Ansorge, Peter M. Haugan, Rodolphe Devillers, William W. L. Cheung, Salvatore Arico, Ricardo S. Santos, Victor Brun, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Chris Bowler, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia (UBC), Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICMYL), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), European Marine Board, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Ocean Conservancy, Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Laboratoria de Oceanografia Fisica Estuarina e Costeira, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pacific community (SPC), Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés (LATTS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère et de l'Océan Siméon Fongang (LPAO-SF), École Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), The Varda Group, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (INDP), Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard, Instituto do Mar - Universidade dos Açores (IMAR-UAc), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), Tara Expéditions, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute - KMFRI (KENYA), Plateforme Océan et Climat, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes (LSIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DEAL Martinique, MEDDTL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Musee oceanographique de Monaco, UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, United Nations, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate change, [SDU.STU.OC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Fish stock, 01 natural sciences, Literacy, 12. Responsible consumption, Political science, 11. Sustainability, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Environmental planning, human well-being, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, policy levers, Sustainable development, transformative actions, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean chemistry, ocean health, sustainability, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Transformative learning, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Science policy, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, strategy
Abstract

The health of the ocean, central to human well-being, has now reached a critical point. Most fish stocks are overexploited, climate change and increased dissolved carbon dioxide are changing ocean chemistry and disrupting species throughout food webs, and the fundamental capacity of the ocean to regulate the climate has been altered. However, key technical, organizational, and conceptual scientific barriers have prevented the identification of policy levers for sustainability and transformative action. Here, we recommend key strategies to address these challenges, including (1) stronger integration of sciences and (2) ocean-observing systems, (3) improved science-policy interfaces, (4) new partnerships supported by (5) a new ocean-climate finance system, and (6) improved ocean literacy and education to modify social norms and behaviors. Adopting these strategies could help establish ocean science as a key foundation of broader sustainability transformations.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Synergistic interactions among growing stressors increase risk to an Arctic ecosystem

Author

George H. Leonard, Kevin R. Arrigo, Gert L. van Dijken, Matthew M. Mills, Lisa M. Wedding, Anna Zivian, Fiorenza Micheli, M. Levi, Richard M. Bailey, Andreas Merkl, Nicholas T. Ouellette, Mary A. Cameron, J. M. A. van der Grient, Stephen G. Monismith, Jim Leape, and Lucie Hazen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, endocrine system, Conservation of Natural Resources, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Climate Change, Oceans and Seas, Population, Fisheries, General Physics and Astronomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, behavioral disciplines and activities, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Ecosystem services, Animals, Ecosystem, Ice Cover, Biomass, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Overfishing, Ecology, Arctic Regions, Fishes, Temperature, General Chemistry, Models, Theoretical, Food web, Environmental sciences, Habitat destruction, Ocean sciences, Arctic, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, Systems biology, psychological phenomena and processes, Algorithms, Ursidae
Abstract

Oceans provide critical ecosystem services, but are subject to a growing number of external pressures, including overfishing, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. Current models typically treat stressors on species and ecosystems independently, though in reality, stressors often interact in ways that are not well understood. Here, we use a network interaction model (OSIRIS) to explicitly study stressor interactions in the Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean) due to its extensive climate-driven loss of sea ice and accelerated growth of other stressors, including shipping and oil exploration. The model includes numerous trophic levels ranging from phytoplankton to polar bears. We find that climate-related stressors have a larger impact on animal populations than do acute stressors like increased shipping and subsistence harvesting. In particular, organisms with a strong temperature-growth rate relationship show the greatest changes in biomass as interaction strength increased, but also exhibit the greatest variability. Neglecting interactions between stressors vastly underestimates the risk of population crashes. Our results indicate that models must account for stressor interactions to enable responsible management and decision-making., Multiple co-occurring stressors may affect food webs in ways that are not predictable by studying individual stressors. Here the authors apply a network interaction model to a marine food web in the Arctic, finding that nonlinear interactions between stressors can more than double the risk of population collapse compared to simpler simulations.

Published
2019

12. The role of subnational governments in addressing ocean health and diversity in a time of global change

Author

Anna Zivian

Subjects
Marine biodiversity, Ocean policy, Geography, Natural resource economics, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate change, Global change, Subnational government, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract

Threats to marine biodiversity are increasing, from overfishing to seismic activity to nutrient pollution. The ocean is warming and acidifying, dissolved oxygen is decreasing, and global mean sea level is rising as sea ice melts. Even with a new global focus on the ocean and a goal of reducing emissions faster and sooner, there will be centuries of lag time in the ocean’s response to greenhouse gases. We are already seeing the effects of individual climate stressors, including accelerated loss of sea ice, changes in ocean currents, coral bleaching, and coastal erosion. We are thus faced with dual problems of mitigating and adapting to climate change, but political action remains difficult due to ongoing uncertainty and partisan conflict. As governance issues become more complex and more difficult, local government is proving to be a place where people are actively implementing solutions, and a place where citizenscan make their voices heard and effect change. Growing examples of this in the ocean realm include subnational creation of Marine Protected Areas, local policies to reduce marine debris, and leadership in climate fora from the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification to C40 Cities. This presentation reviews subnational engagement and suggests paths forward for improved ocean governance.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Poetry as a Creative Practice to Enhance Engagement and Learning in Conservation Science

Author

Patrick Goff, Bethann Garramon Merkle, Anna Zivian, Samantha Oester, Christina Lux, Natalie Sopinka, and Stephanie R. Januchowski-Hartley

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, education, Poetry, Forum, communication, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Professional development, 050301 education, Creativity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, interdisciplinarity, Argument, Component (UML), Conservation science, Engineering ethics, Sociology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 0503 education, creativity, media_common, professional development
Abstract

Creativity is crucial to the capacity to do science well, to communicate it in compelling ways, and to enhance learning. Creativity can be both practiced and enhanced to strengthen conservation science professionals’ efforts to address global environmental challenges. We explore how poetry is one creative approach that can further conservation scientists’ engagement and learning. We draw on evidence from peer-reviewed literature to illustrate benefits of integrating science and poetry, and to ground our argument for the growth of a science-poetry community to help conservation scientists develop skills in creative practices as a component of professional development. We present examples from literature as well as two short poetry exercises for scientists to draw on when considering writing poetry, or deciding on forms of poetry to include, in their practice. Opportunity exists to grow science–poetry projects to further our understanding of what such initiatives can offer.

Published
2018

14. Overlooked ocean strategies to address climate change

Author

Anthony Mansell, Anna Zivian, Sarah R. Cooley, Andreas Merkl, Nigel Purvis, Susan Ruffo, Brittany Bello, George H. Leonard, Gwynne Taraska, and Daniel Bodansky

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Climate system, Climate change, Ocean acidification, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Convention, Political science, Psychological resilience, Adaptation (computer science), Environmental planning, Diplomacy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

The U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC’s) Paris Agreement—which aims to limit climate change and increase global resilience to its effects—was a breakthrough in climate diplomacy, committing its Parties to develop and update national climate plans. Yet the Parties to the Agreement have largely overlooked the effect of climate change on ocean-based communities, economies, and ecosystems—as well as the role that the ocean can play in mitigating and adapting to climate change. Because the ocean is an integral part of the climate system, stronger inclusion of ocean issues is critical to achieving the Agreement’s goals. Here we discuss four ocean-climate linkages that suggest specific responses by Parties to the Agreement connected to 1) accelerating climate ambition, including via sustainable ocean-based mitigation strategies; 2) focusing on CO2 emissions to address ocean acidification; 3) better understanding ocean-based mitigation; and 4) pursuing ocean-based adaptation. These linkages offer a more complete perspective on the reasons strong climate action is necessary and inform a systematic approach for addressing ocean issues under the Agreement to strengthen climate mitigation and adaptation.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. NGO involvement in marine spatial planning: A way forward?

Author

David W. Johnson, Julia Bentz, Matthew R. Phillips, Kiat Ng, Colin Pringle, Anna Zivian, Helena Calado, and Nicole Schaefer

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Process (engineering), business.industry, Political science, Sustainability, Environmental resource management, Marine spatial planning, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Directive, business, Law, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are playing important roles in environmental conservation and management. Some are actively involved in the development and implementation of marine spatial planning (MSP), especially in Europe where this has been embodied within a European Directive. MSP is being used by many countries to sustainably manage coastal and marine areas, and reduce conflicts. However, recommendations regarding specific NGO roles within the MSP process are lacking. Consequently, to fill this gap and discuss a way forward, a session at the 5th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts and Islands (GOF5) brought together MSP experts and NGO representatives. This paper reports the conclusions of these discussions and presents a summary guideline document for efficient and effective NGO MSP engagement.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Near-term priorities for the science, policy and practice of Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP)

Author

Benjamin S. Halpern, Stefan Gelcich, Anna Zivian, Karen L. McLeod, Astrid Scholz, Jordan Diamond, Kit Rawson, Bettina Saier, Simon Jennings, Laurence J. McCook, Steve Gaines, Mary Ruckelshaus, Amber Mace, Nicholas Napoli, Mary Gleason, Jake Rice, Andrew Rosenberg, Sarah E. Lester, and Paul A. Sandifer

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Decision support system, Process development, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Marine spatial planning, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Ecosystem-based management, Political science, Action plan, Decision support tools, Science policy, business, Law, General Environmental Science, Valuation (finance)
Abstract

There is currently a rare opportunity to inform emerging efforts to implement coastal and marine spatial planning (CMSP) in the United States, Europe and elsewhere around the world. In particular, the newly formed US National Ocean Council is developing a strategic action plan for CMSP over the next 18–24 months. In order to identify priority needs for significantly advancing CMSP, a group of experts in the science, policy and practice of CMSP developed recommendations for (1) process development, (2) communication and engagement efforts, (3) tradeoff and valuation analyses, and (4) decision support. Some of these priorities are supported by existing activities in the United States and elsewhere. Others have yet to be addressed and merit immediate attention.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results