31 results on '"Anna Whitehead"'
Search Results
2. Key features of the environment promoting liver cancer in the absence of cirrhosis
- Author
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Marco Youssef William Zaki, Ahmed Khairallah Mahdi, Gillian Lucinda Patman, Anna Whitehead, João Pais Maurício, Misti Vanette McCain, Despina Televantou, Sameh Abou-Beih, Erik Ramon-Gil, Robyn Watson, Charlotte Cox, Jack Leslie, Caroline Wilson, Olivier Govaere, John Lunec, Derek Austin Mann, Sirintra Nakjang, Fiona Oakley, Ruchi Shukla, Quentin Mark Anstee, Dina Tiniakos, and Helen Louise Reeves
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising, even in the absence of cirrhosis. We aimed to develop a murine model that would facilitate further understanding of NAFLD-HCC pathogenesis. A total of 144 C3H/He mice were fed either control or American lifestyle (ALIOS) diet, with or without interventions, for up to 48 weeks of age. Gross, liver histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA-sequencing data were interpreted alongside human datasets. The ALIOS diet promoted obesity, elevated liver weight, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and spontaneous HCC. Liver weight, fasting blood glucose, steatosis, lobular inflammation and lipogranulomas were associated with development of HCC, as were markers of hepatocyte proliferation and DNA damage. An antioxidant diminished cellular injury, fibrosis and DNA damage, but not lobular inflammation, lipogranulomas, proliferation and HCC development. An acquired CD44 phenotype in macrophages was associated with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD-HCC. In this diet induced NASH and HCC (DINAH) model, key features of obesity associated NAFLD-HCC have been reproduced, highlighting roles for hepatic steatosis and proliferation, with the acquisition of lobular inflammation and CD44 positive macrophages in the development of HCC—even in the absence of progressive injury and fibrosis.
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- 2021
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3. Sulfatase-2 from cancer associated fibroblasts – an environmental target for hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Marco Y.W. Zaki, Sari F. Alhasan, Ruchi Shukla, Misti McCain, Maja Laszczewska, Daniel Geh, Gillian L. Patman, Despina Televantou, Anna Whitehead, João P. Maurício, Ben Barksby, Lucy M. Gee, Hannah L. Paish, Jack Leslie, Ramy Younes, Alastair D. Burt, Lee A. Borthwick, Huw Thomas, Gary S. Beale, Olivier Govaere, Daniela Sia, Quentin M. Anstee, Dina Tiniakos, Fiona Oakley, and Helen L. Reeves
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Introduction: Heparin sulfate proteoglycans in the liver tumour microenvironment (TME) are key regulators of cell signaling, modulated by Sulfatase-2 (SULF2). SULF2 overexpression occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aims were to define the nature and impact of SULF2 in the HCC TME. Methods: In liver biopsies from 60 patients with HCC, expression and localisation of SULF2 was analysed associated with clinical parameters and outcome. Functional and mechanistic impacts were assessed with immunohistochemistry (IHC), in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA), in primary isolated cancer activated fibroblasts, in monocultures, in 3D spheroids and in an independent cohort of 20 patients referred for sorafenib. IHC targets included αSMA, glypican-3, β-catenin, RelA-P-ser536, CD4, CD8, CD66b, CD45, CD68 and CD163. SULF2 impact of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed by migration assays, with characterization of immune cells phenotype using fluorescent activated cell sorting. Results: We report that while SULF2 was expressed in tumour cells in 15% (9/60) of cases, associated with advanced tumour stage and type-2-diabetes, SULF2 was more commonly expressed in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs)(52%) and independently associated with shorter survival (7.2 versus 29.2 months, p=0.003). Stromal SULF2 modulated glypican-3/β-catenin signalling in-vitro, although in vivo associations suggested additional mechanisms underlying the CAF-SULF2 impact on prognosis. Stromal SULF2 was released by CAFS isolated from human HCC. It was induced by TGFβ1, promoted HCC proliferation and sorafenib resistance, with CAF-SULF2 linked to TGFβ1 and immune exhaustion in TGCA HCC patients. Autocrine activation of PDGFRβ/STAT3 signalling was evident in stromal cells, with release of the potent monocyte/macrophage chemoattractant CCL2 in vitro. In Human PBMCs, SULF2 preferentially induced migration of macrophage precursors (monocytes), inducing a phenotypic chance consistent with immune exhaustion. In human HCC tissues, CAF-SULF2 was associated with increased macrophage recruitment, with tumouroid studies showing stromal-derived SULF2 induced paracrine activation of the IKKβ/NF-κB pathway, tumour cell proliferation, invasion and sorafenib resistance. Conclusion: SULF2 derived from CAFs modulates glypican-3/β-catenin signalling, but also the HCC immune TME, associated with tumour progression and therapy resistance via activation of the TAK1/IKKβ/NF-κB pathway. It is an attractive target for combination therapies for patients with HCC.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
4. Brown and beige adipose tissue regulate systemic metabolism through a metabolite interorgan signaling axis
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Anna Whitehead, Fynn N. Krause, Amy Moran, Amanda D. V. MacCannell, Jason L. Scragg, Ben D. McNally, Edward Boateng, Steven A. Murfitt, Samuel Virtue, John Wright, Jack Garnham, Graeme R. Davies, James Dodgson, Jurgen E. Schneider, Andrew J. Murray, Christopher Church, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Klaus K. Witte, Julian L. Griffin, and Lee D. Roberts
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Beige and brown fat may influence systemic metabolism through secreted signals. Here the authors identify a panel of metabolites secreted from beige and brown fat cells, which signal to influence fat tissue and skeletal muscle metabolism and have anti-obesity effects in mouse models of obesity and diabetes.
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
5. Chronic heart failure with diabetes mellitus is characterized by a severe skeletal muscle pathology
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Jack O. Garnham, Lee D. Roberts, Ever Espino‐Gonzalez, Anna Whitehead, Peter P. Swoboda, Aaron Koshy, John Gierula, Maria F. Paton, Richard M. Cubbon, Mark T. Kearney, Stuart Egginton, T. Scott Bowen, and Klaus K. Witte
- Subjects
HFrEF ,Mitochondrial dysfunction ,Atrophy ,Exercise intolerance ,Diabetes ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 ,Human anatomy ,QM1-695 - Abstract
Abstract Background Patients with coexistent chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) demonstrate greater exercise limitation and worse prognosis compared with CHF patients without DM, even when corrected for cardiac dysfunction. Understanding the origins of symptoms in this subgroup may facilitate development of targeted treatments. We therefore characterized the skeletal muscle phenotype and its relationship to exercise limitation in patients with diabetic heart failure (D‐HF). Methods In one of the largest muscle sampling studies in a CHF population, pectoralis major biopsies were taken from age‐matched controls (n = 25), DM (n = 10), CHF (n = 52), and D‐HF (n = 28) patients. In situ mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species, fibre morphology, capillarity, and gene expression analyses were performed and correlated to whole‐body exercise capacity. Results Mitochondrial respiration, content, coupling efficiency, and intrinsic function were lower in D‐HF patients compared with other groups (P < 0.05). A unique mitochondrial complex I dysfunction was present in D‐HF patients only (P < 0.05), which strongly correlated to exercise capacity (R2 = 0.64; P < 0.001). Mitochondrial impairments in D‐HF corresponded to higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (P < 0.05) and lower gene expression of anti‐oxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (P < 0.05) and complex I subunit NDUFS1 (P < 0.05). D‐HF was also associated with severe fibre atrophy (P < 0.05) and reduced local fibre capillarity (P < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with D‐HF develop a specific skeletal muscle pathology, characterized by mitochondrial impairments, fibre atrophy, and derangements in the capillary network that are linked to exercise intolerance. These novel preliminary data support skeletal muscle as a potential therapeutic target for treating patients with D‐HF.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand's founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi.
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Lara D Shepherd, Peter Whitehead, and Anna Whitehead
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Genetic analyses provide a powerful tool with which to identify the biological components of historical objects. Te Tiriti o Waitangi | The Treaty of Waitangi is New Zealand's founding document, intended to be a partnership between the indigenous Māori and the British Crown. Here we focus on an archived piece of blank parchment that has been proposed to be the missing portion of the lower parchment of the Waitangi Sheet of the Treaty. However, its physical dimensions and characteristics are not consistent with this hypothesis. We perform genetic analyses on the parchment membranes of the Treaty, plus the blank piece of parchment. We find that all three parchments were made from ewes and that the blank parchment is highly likely to be a portion cut from the lower membrane of the Waitangi Sheet because they share identical whole mitochondrial genomes, including an unusual heteroplasmic site. We suggest that the differences in size and characteristics between the two pieces of parchment may have resulted from the Treaty's exposure to water in the early 20th century and the subsequent repair work, light exposure during exhibition or the later conservation treatments in the 1970s and 80s. The blank piece of parchment will be valuable for comparison tests to study the effects of earlier treatments and to monitor the effects of long-term display on the Treaty.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Cardiovascular dysfunction induced by combined exposure to nicotine inhalation and high fat diet
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Anna Whitehead, Zhen Li, Kyle LaPenna, Thomas Sharp, David Lefer, Eric Lazartigues, and Xinping Yue
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Physiology - Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and smoking remains the most significant preventable risk factor. The contribution of nicotine, the addictive component of all tobacco products, to smoking-related CVD remains poorly understood. In addition to smoking, obesity is also a major risk factor for the development of CVD. Recent studies indicate that individuals who are overweight or obese are at greater risk of nicotine product usage. With more than 40% of the US population affected by obesity, the combined effects of obesity and nicotine on cardiovascular (CV) health warrant urgent investigation. In the present study we investigated the combined effects of nicotine exposure and a high fat diet (HFD) on CV function.Male C57BL/6N mice (8 wk-old) were placed on either a HFD (60 kcal% Fat) or standard chow (SC, 22 kcal% Fat) and exposed to room air (RA) or nicotine vapor (NIC, 12 hr/day during the active phase) for 10 weeks (n=10-15/group). Mice with HFD exposure alone exhibited significantly greater weight gain at 10 weeks vs. SC-RA controls (122.5±9.8% increase in body weight in HFD-RA vs. 40.7±3.3% in SC-RA, p < 0.0001), whereas concurrent nicotine inhalation significantly reduced this weight gain (66.5±5.8% in HFD-NIC group, p < 0.0001). In the HFD-NIC group, blood pressure (BP) monitoring via telemetry (24 hours) revealed non-significant increases in BP in the inactive phase, coupled with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the expected dipping in BP during the inactive compared to the active phase (HFD-NIC: 4.5±1.2; SC-RA: 11.3±2.2; HFD-RA: 12.4±1.0 and SC-NIC: 9.7±4.6 mmHg). LV catheterization showed that mice exposed to both nicotine and HFD had elevated LV end diastolic pressure (HFD-NIC: 14.1±0.7; SC-RA: 4.5±0.8; HFD-RA: 2.8±0.7 and SC-NIC: 3.9±1.3 mmHg; p National Institute of Health [grant numbers HL135635 (to JDG, EL and XY); HL146098, HL146514, and HL151398 (to DJL.); and F30HL160071 (to AKW)]; Department of Veterans Affairs (BX004294 to EL) and the American Heart Association [Award 829761 (to AKW) and Award 20POST35200075 (to ZL)]. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
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- 2023
8. Sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in obesity
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Amanda D. V. MacCannell, Anna Whitehead, Klaus K. Witte, T. Simon Futers, Amy Moran, and Lee D. Roberts
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Adipose tissue ,Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Respiration ,Brown adipose tissue ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,Sex Characteristics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,medicine.disease ,Thermogenin ,Mitochondria ,Sexual dimorphism ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective The prevalence of obesity is growing globally. Adiposity increases the risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue distribution influences systemic metabolism and impacts metabolic disease risk. The link between sexual dimorphisms of adiposity and metabolism is poorly defined. We hypothesise that depot-specific adipose tissue mitochondrial function contributes to the sexual dimorphism of metabolic flexibility in obesity. Methods Male and female mice fed high fat diet (HFD) or standard diet (STD) from 8–18 weeks of age underwent whole animal calorimetry and high-resolution mitochondrial respirometry analysis on adipose tissue depots. To determine translatability we used RT-qPCR to examine key brown adipocyte-associated gene expression: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator 1α, Uncoupling protein 1 and cell death inducing DFFA like effector a in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) of 18-week-old mice and sWAT from human volunteers. Results Male mice exhibited greater weight gain compared to female mice when challenged with HFD. Relative to increased body mass, the adipose to body weight ratio for BAT and sWAT depots was increased in HFD-fed males compared to female HFD-fed mice. Oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and food consumption did not differ between males and females fed HFD. BAT mitochondria from obese females showed increased Complex I & II respiration and maximal respiration compared to lean females whereas obese males did not exhibit adaptive mitochondrial BAT respiration. Sexual dimorphism in BAT-associated gene expression in sWAT was also associated with Body Mass Index in humans. Conclusions We show that sexual dimorphism of weight gain is reflected in mitochondrial respiration analysis. Female mice have increased metabolic flexibility to adapt to changes in energy intake by regulating energy expenditure through increased complex II and maximal mitochondrial respiration within BAT when HFD challenged and increased proton leak in sWAT mitochondria.
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- 2021
9. Obesity exacerbates SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in K18‐hACE2 mice
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Clara Berdasco, Anna Whitehead, Xuebin Qin, Xinping Yue, and Eric Lazartigues
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Genetics ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2022
10. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor mediates pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodeling induced by inhaled nicotine
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Nicholas D. Fried, Jason D. Gardner, Tamara M. Morris, Eric Lazartigues, Xinping Yue, and Anna Whitehead
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Male ,Nicotine ,Time Factors ,Physiology ,medicine.drug_class ,Hypertension, Pulmonary ,Pulmonary Artery ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pharmacology ,Losartan ,Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Renin–angiotensin system ,Animals ,Medicine ,Arterial Pressure ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Ventricular remodeling ,Receptor ,Inhalation Exposure ,Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ,Ventricular Remodeling ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Receptor antagonist ,Angiotensin II ,Pulmonary hypertension ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,E-Cigarette Vapor ,Ventricular Function, Right ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ,Signal Transduction ,Research Article ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Use of electronic cigarettes is rapidly increasing among youth and young adults, but little is known regarding the long-term cardiopulmonary health impacts of these nicotine-containing devices. Our group has previously demonstrated that chronic, inhaled nicotine induces pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) remodeling in mice. These changes were associated with upregulated RV angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to reverse cigarette smoking-induced PH in rats. ACE inhibitor and ARB use in a large retrospective cohort of patients with PH is associated with improved survival. Here, we utilized losartan (an ARB specific for angiotensin II type 1 receptor) to further explore nicotine-induced PH. Male C57BL/6 mice received nicotine vapor for 12 h/day, and exposure was assessed using serum cotinine to achieve levels comparable to human smokers or electronic cigarette users. Mice were exposed to nicotine for 8 wk and a subset was treated with losartan via an osmotic minipump. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and catheterization. Although nicotine exposure increased angiotensin II in the RV and lung, this finding was nonsignificant. Chronic, inhaled nicotine significantly increased RV systolic pressure and RV free wall thickness versus air control. These parameters were significantly lower in mice receiving both nicotine and losartan. Nicotine significantly increased RV internal diameter, with no differences seen between the nicotine and nicotine-losartan group. Neither nicotine nor losartan affected left ventricular structure or function. These findings provide the first evidence that antagonism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor can ameliorate chronic, inhaled nicotine-induced PH and RV remodeling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic, inhaled nicotine causes pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodeling in mice. Treatment with losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, ameliorates nicotine-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodeling. This novel finding provides preclinical evidence for the use of renin-angiotensin system-based therapies in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, particularly in patients with a history of tobacco-product use.
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- 2021
11. Chronic heart failure with diabetes mellitus is characterized by a severe skeletal muscle pathology
- Author
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Anna Whitehead, John Gierula, Peter P Swoboda, T. Scott Bowen, Richard M Cubbon, Maria F. Paton, Aaron Koshy, Jack Garnham, Klaus K. Witte, Mark T. Kearney, Ever Espino-Gonzalez, Stuart Egginton, and Lee D. Roberts
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,Exercise intolerance ,Population ,lcsh:QM1-695 ,Diabetes Complications ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Atrophy ,Physiology (medical) ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle, Skeletal ,education ,Aged ,Heart Failure ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,education.field_of_study ,NDUFS1 ,business.industry ,Diabetes ,Skeletal muscle ,Original Articles ,HFrEF ,lcsh:Human anatomy ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Heart failure ,Chronic Disease ,Female ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,lcsh:RC925-935 ,business ,Mitochondrial dysfunction - Abstract
Background Patients with coexistent chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) demonstrate greater exercise limitation and worse prognosis compared with CHF patients without DM, even when corrected for cardiac dysfunction. Understanding the origins of symptoms in this subgroup may facilitate development of targeted treatments. We therefore characterized the skeletal muscle phenotype and its relationship to exercise limitation in patients with diabetic heart failure (D‐HF). Methods In one of the largest muscle sampling studies in a CHF population, pectoralis major biopsies were taken from age‐matched controls (n = 25), DM (n = 10), CHF (n = 52), and D‐HF (n = 28) patients. In situ mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species, fibre morphology, capillarity, and gene expression analyses were performed and correlated to whole‐body exercise capacity. Results Mitochondrial respiration, content, coupling efficiency, and intrinsic function were lower in D‐HF patients compared with other groups (P < 0.05). A unique mitochondrial complex I dysfunction was present in D‐HF patients only (P < 0.05), which strongly correlated to exercise capacity (R 2 = 0.64; P < 0.001). Mitochondrial impairments in D‐HF corresponded to higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (P < 0.05) and lower gene expression of anti‐oxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (P < 0.05) and complex I subunit NDUFS1 (P < 0.05). D‐HF was also associated with severe fibre atrophy (P < 0.05) and reduced local fibre capillarity (P < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with D‐HF develop a specific skeletal muscle pathology, characterized by mitochondrial impairments, fibre atrophy, and derangements in the capillary network that are linked to exercise intolerance. These novel preliminary data support skeletal muscle as a potential therapeutic target for treating patients with D‐HF.
- Published
- 2020
12. Lrg1 is a Driver of Brown Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity
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Simon Futers, Amy L. Moran, Anna Whitehead, Amanda D. V. MacCannell, and Lee D. Roberts
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Obesity ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,LRG1 ,Internal medicine ,Brown adipose tissue ,Genetics ,medicine ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2021
13. Chronic Nicotine Inhalation‐Induced Vascular Dysfunction is Mediated by the Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
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Xinping Yue, David J. Lefer, Anna Whitehead, Jason D. Gardner, Zhen Li, Tamara M. Morris, Charlotte S. Pearson, Nicholas Fried, and Eric Lazartigues
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ,Chronic nicotine ,Inhalation ,business.industry ,Genetics ,Alpha (ethology) ,Medicine ,Pharmacology ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2021
14. Sex‐Dependent Effects of Nicotine on the Gut Microbiome
- Author
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Meng Luo, Margaret Meyers, Anna Whitehead, Christopher D. Taylor, Lauri O. Byerley, and Xinping Yue
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Nicotine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Physiology ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Gut microbiome ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2021
15. Chronic Inhaled Nicotine‐Induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Remodeling are Mediated by Angiotensin‐II Type 1 Receptor
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Eric Lazartigues, Jason D. Gardner, Anna Whitehead, Nicholas D. Fried, Tamara M. Morris, and Xinping Yue
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Pulmonary hypertension ,Angiotensin II ,Nicotine ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Receptor ,business ,Ventricular remodeling ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2021
16. Long-chain ceramides are cell non-autonomous signals linking lipotoxicity to endoplasmic reticulum stress in skeletal muscle
- Author
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Ben D, McNally, Dean F, Ashley, Lea, Hänschke, Hélène N, Daou, Nicole T, Watt, Steven A, Murfitt, Amanda D V, MacCannell, Anna, Whitehead, T Scott, Bowen, Francis W B, Sanders, Michele, Vacca, Klaus K, Witte, Graeme R, Davies, Reinhard, Bauer, Julian L, Griffin, and Lee D, Roberts
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Mice ,Unfolded Protein Response ,Animals ,Ceramides ,Endoplasmic Reticulum ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ,Muscle, Skeletal - Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulates cellular protein and lipid biosynthesis. ER dysfunction leads to protein misfolding and the unfolded protein response (UPR), which limits protein synthesis to prevent cytotoxicity. Chronic ER stress in skeletal muscle is a unifying mechanism linking lipotoxicity to metabolic disease. Unidentified signals from cells undergoing ER stress propagate paracrine and systemic UPR activation. Here, we induce ER stress and lipotoxicity in myotubes. We observe ER stress-inducing lipid cell non-autonomous signal(s). Lipidomics identifies that palmitate-induced cell stress induces long-chain ceramide 40:1 and 42:1 secretion. Ceramide synthesis through the ceramide synthase 2 de novo pathway is regulated by UPR kinase Perk. Inactivation of CerS2 in mice reduces systemic and muscle ceramide signals and muscle UPR activation. The ceramides are packaged into extracellular vesicles, secreted and induce UPR activation in naïve myotubes through dihydroceramide accumulation. This study furthers our understanding of ER stress by identifying UPR-inducing cell non-autonomous signals.
- Published
- 2021
17. Brown and beige adipose tissue regulate systemic metabolism through a metabolite interorgan signaling axis
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Graeme Davies, Julian L. Griffin, Anna Whitehead, Amanda D. V. MacCannell, Jürgen E. Schneider, Christopher Church, Steven A. Murfitt, Jason L. Scragg, Andrew J. Murray, Samuel Virtue, Fynn N. Krause, Edward Boateng, Jack Garnham, Amy Moran, Ben D. McNally, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Lee D. Roberts, Klaus K. Witte, James Dodgson, John Wright, Whitehead, Anna [0000-0002-1213-4853], Krause, Fynn N [0000-0001-6664-2637], Murray, Andrew J [0000-0002-0929-9315], Vidal-Puig, Antonio [0000-0003-4220-9577], Witte, Klaus K [0000-0002-7146-7105], Roberts, Lee D [0000-0002-1455-5248], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Krause, Fynn N. [0000-0001-6664-2637], Murray, Andrew J. [0000-0002-0929-9315], Witte, Klaus K. [0000-0002-7146-7105], and Roberts, Lee D. [0000-0002-1455-5248]
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adipocytes, White ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Adipose tissue ,Mass Spectrometry ,38/1 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adipose Tissue, Brown ,Homeostasis ,14/19 ,Cells, Cultured ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,96/63 ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Adipocytes, Brown ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,59/78 ,38/77 ,38/39 ,64/60 ,Fat metabolism ,Signal Transduction ,631/443/319/2723 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,631/443/319/1557 ,Science ,38/90 ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,13/109 ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,38/91 ,Cell Line ,38/43 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,38/89 ,medicine ,Metabolomics ,Animals ,Humans ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,96/106 ,631/443/319/1642 ,Insulin ,82/58 ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Skeletal muscle ,Lipid metabolism ,Metabolic diseases ,General Chemistry ,Metabolism ,Adipose Tissue, Beige ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,631/443/319/320 ,82/51 ,Energy Metabolism ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissue are emerging as distinct endocrine organs. These tissues are functionally associated with skeletal muscle, adipose tissue metabolism and systemic energy expenditure, suggesting an interorgan signaling network. Using metabolomics, we identify 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 5-oxoproline, and β-hydroxyisobutyric acid as small molecule metabokines synthesized in browning adipocytes and secreted via monocarboxylate transporters. 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 5-oxoproline and β-hydroxyisobutyric acid induce a brown adipocyte-specific phenotype in white adipocytes and mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism in skeletal myocytes both in vitro and in vivo. 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid and 5-oxoproline signal through cAMP-PKA-p38 MAPK and β-hydroxyisobutyric acid via mTOR. In humans, plasma and adipose tissue 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 5-oxoproline and β-hydroxyisobutyric acid concentrations correlate with markers of adipose browning and inversely associate with body mass index. These metabolites reduce adiposity, increase energy expenditure and improve glucose and insulin homeostasis in mouse models of obesity and diabetes. Our findings identify beige adipose-brown adipose-muscle physiological metabokine crosstalk., Beige and brown fat may influence systemic metabolism through secreted signals. Here the authors identify a panel of metabolites secreted from beige and brown fat cells, which signal to influence fat tissue and skeletal muscle metabolism and have anti-obesity effects in mouse models of obesity and diabetes.
- Published
- 2021
18. Nicotine and vascular dysfunction
- Author
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Xinping Yue, Anna Whitehead, and Abigail P. Erwin
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0301 basic medicine ,Nicotine ,Vascular smooth muscle ,Physiology ,NICOTINE EXPOSURE ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Receptors, Nicotinic ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Bioinformatics ,Article ,Vascular remodelling in the embryo ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Risk factor ,media_common ,Acetylcholine receptor ,business.industry ,Addiction ,030104 developmental biology ,Nicotinic agonist ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Endothelium, Vascular ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the single most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the role of nicotine, the addictive component of all tobacco products, in the development of CVD is incompletely understood. Although increased public awareness of the harms of cigarette smoking has successfully led to a decline in its prevalence, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cig) or electronic nicotine delivery system has increased dramatically in recent years because of the perception that these products are safe. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the expression and function of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the cardiovascular system and the impact of nicotine exposure on cardiovascular health, with a focus on nicotine-induced vascular dysfunction. Nicotine alters vasoreactivity through endothelium-dependent and/or endothelium-independent mechanisms, leading to clinical manifestations in both cigarette smokers and e-cig users. In addition, nicotine induces vascular remodelling through its effects on proliferation, migration and matrix production of both vascular endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. The purpose of this review is to identify critical knowledge gaps regarding the effects of nicotine on the vasculature and to stimulate continued nicotine research.
- Published
- 2021
19. Brown and beige adipose tissue regulate systemic metabolism to resist diet-induced obesity through metabolite signals in an inter-organ signaling axis
- Author
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Anna Whitehead, Jack Garnham, Edward Boateng, Graeme Davies, Amy L. Moran, James Dodgson, Julian L. Griffin, John Wright, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Steven A. Murfitt, Sam Virtue, Lee D. Roberts, Jason L. Scragg, Andrew J. Murray, Klaus K. Witte, Fynn N. Krause, Ben D. McNally, Amanda D. V. MacCannell, Jürgen E. Schneider, and Christopher Church
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Metabolite ,medicine ,Adipose tissue ,Metabolism ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Obesity - Abstract
Brown and beige adipose tissue are emerging as distinct endocrine organs. These tissues are functionally associated with skeletal muscle, adipose tissue metabolism and systemic energy expenditure, suggesting an inter-organ signaling network. Using a metabolomic approach we identified 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid (MOVA), 5-oxoproline (5OP), and β-hydroxyisobutyric acid (BHIBA) as small molecule metabokines synthesized in browning adipocytes and secreted via monocarboxylate transporters. MOVA, 5OP and BHIBA induce a brown adipocyte-specific phenotype in white adipocytes and mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism in skeletal myocytes both in vitro and in vivo. MOVA and 5OP signal through cAMP-PKA-p38 MAPK and BHIBA via mTOR. These metabolites reduce adiposity, increase energy expenditure and improve glucose and insulin homeostasis in mouse models of obesity and diabetes. In humans, plasma and adipose tissue MOVA, 5OP and BHIBA concentrations are correlated with markers of adipose browning and inversely associated with BMI. Our findings identify beige adipose-brown adipose-muscle physiological metabokine crosstalk.
- Published
- 2020
20. Teacher experiences of a school-based mindfulness programme
- Author
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Anna Whitehead and Linda Daniell
- Subjects
Mindfulness ,Pedagogy ,School based ,Psychology - Published
- 2016
21. Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi
- Author
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Peter Whitehead, Anna Whitehead, and Lara D. Shepherd
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,History ,International Cooperation ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Biochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Health services ,Sequencing techniques ,DNA library construction ,DNA sequencing ,Phylogeny ,Light exposure ,Mammals ,Multidisciplinary ,Health Equity ,Ancient DNA ,Health Policy ,Eukaryota ,Ruminants ,Genomics ,Genomic Library Construction ,Mitochondrial DNA ,Genealogy ,Nucleic acids ,Biometric Identification ,Vertebrates ,Treaty of Waitangi ,Medicine ,Female ,Research Article ,Forms of DNA ,Parchment ,Science ,DNA construction ,Research and Analysis Methods ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Blank ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,Animals ,Health Services, Indigenous ,Humans ,Genetic Testing ,Repeated Sequences ,Treaty ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Molecular Biology ,Evolutionary Biology ,Sheep ,Population Biology ,Organisms ,Dideoxy DNA sequencing ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Paleontology ,DNA ,United Kingdom ,Earth sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Genome, Mitochondrial ,Amniotes ,Haplogroups ,Paleogenetics ,Population Genetics ,New Zealand - Abstract
Genetic analyses provide a powerful tool with which to identify the biological components of historical objects. Te Tiriti o Waitangi | The Treaty of Waitangi is New Zealand's founding document, intended to be a partnership between the indigenous Māori and the British Crown. Here we focus on an archived piece of blank parchment that has been proposed to be the missing portion of the lower parchment of the Waitangi Sheet of the Treaty. However, its physical dimensions and characteristics are not consistent with this hypothesis. We perform genetic analyses on the parchment membranes of the Treaty, plus the blank piece of parchment. We find that all three parchments were made from ewes and that the blank parchment is highly likely to be a portion cut from the lower membrane of the Waitangi Sheet because they share identical whole mitochondrial genomes, including an unusual heteroplasmic site. We suggest that the differences in size and characteristics between the two pieces of parchment may have resulted from the Treaty's exposure to water in the early 20th century and the subsequent repair work, light exposure during exhibition or the later conservation treatments in the 1970s and 80s. The blank piece of parchment will be valuable for comparison tests to study the effects of earlier treatments and to monitor the effects of long-term display on the Treaty.
- Published
- 2019
22. New Zealand women's experience during their first year of Jadelle® contraceptive implant
- Author
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Christine Roke, Helen Roberts, and Anna Whitehead
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Levonorgestrel ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient satisfaction ,medicine ,Contraceptive Agents, Female ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Reproductive health ,Gynecology ,Drug Implants ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Medical Assistance ,business.industry ,General surgery ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Family planning ,Patient Satisfaction ,Cohort ,Female ,Implant ,Uterine Hemorrhage ,business ,Contraceptive implant ,Developed country ,medicine.drug ,New Zealand - Abstract
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Subsidisation of the levonorgestrel-releasing Jadelle® contraceptive implant in 2010 resulted in a rapid uptake. Clinicians had little prior experience of client satisfaction, side effect profile, and removal rate of this contraceptive method. AIM To obtain information on satisfaction, bleeding patterns, continuation rates and reasons for removal for New Zealand women during their first year of use of a subsidised contraceptive implant, Jadelle®. METHODS Women having a Jadelle® implant inserted in New Zealand Family Planning clinics were recruited to be followed up by phone, text or email at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. They were asked about their bleeding pattern, satisfaction and their views on benefits of, or problems with, implant use. RESULTS 252 women were recruited. The three common bleeding patterns in the cohort were regular periods, amenorrhoea and irregular bleeding. Eighteen percent had their implant removed within the first year with more than half of those being unhappy with their bleeding pattern. This was usually prolonged bleeding. Otherwise satisfaction rates were high throughout the year. DISCUSSION The majority of New Zealand women using Jadelle® were satisfied with this method of contraception during their first year of use. Implant removals were most likely to be related to prolonged bleeding. However the commonest bleeding pattern was regular periods. KEYWORDS Contraceptive implant; progestin; bleeding; satisfaction; continuation rate; reducing reproductive health inequalities
- Published
- 2016
23. The WA Goldfields Aboriginal Community Antenatal Program—A community midwifery initiative
- Author
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Anna Whitehead, Ailsa Munns, Karine Miller, and Anne Mahony
- Subjects
Data collection ,Service delivery framework ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,MEDLINE ,Staffing ,050301 education ,Qualitative property ,Aboriginal community ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Agency (sociology) ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Thematic analysis ,business ,0503 education ,General Nursing - Abstract
Aim To investigate the acceptability and satisfaction with the Aboriginal Community Antenatal Program by staff in the program and partner agencies. Design A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats framework guided the research and data collection methods. Mixed methodology was used, accessing qualitative and quantitative information from data bases, program and supporting agency staff. Quantitative data were analysed through a social sciences statistical package. Qualitative data were identified through questionnaires and analysed using thematic analysis. Setting Remote Aboriginal communities in the Goldfields region of Western Australia. Participant sources Twenty two participants including program and supporting agency staff. Main outcome measures This study measures acceptability and satisfaction of program antenatal and pre-conception activities by program staff and partner agencies. Results Qualitative results indicate acceptability and satisfaction with the program, identifying a range of organisational, staffing, cultural and interagency issues relating to a model of service provision. Quantitative data suggested positive program outputs from service delivery. Conclusion Findings suggest the Aboriginal Community Antenatal Program and partner agencies are increasing provision of community based pre-conception and antenatal health services and enhancing collaboration between a range of health provider agencies, with partnerships between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal program staff contributing to an emerging model of community antenatal care.
- Published
- 2016
24. Pregnancy outcomes and intimate partner violence in New Zealand
- Author
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Janet Fanslow, Elizabeth Robinson, Anna Whitehead, and Martha Silva
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Population ,Poison control ,Abortion ,Miscarriage ,Interviews as Topic ,Young Adult ,Pregnancy ,Injury prevention ,Odds Ratio ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Pregnancy Outcome ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Abortion, Induced ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Abortion, Spontaneous ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Spouse Abuse ,Domestic violence ,Female ,business ,New Zealand - Abstract
AIM: This study aims to describe pregnancy outcomes for a population-based sample of New Zealand women, and to explore the relationship between lifetime experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) and two non-birth pregnancy outcomes: spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) and termination of pregnancy (abortion). METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a random sample of 2391 women who had ever been pregnant, aged 18-64 years old, in two regions (urban and rural). Both outcome measures were determined by asking women if they had ever had a miscarriage or an abortion. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression. RESULTS: Almost one in three ever-pregnant women reported having at least one miscarriage, and at least one in ten reported terminating a pregnancy. Even controlling for potential confounders, women who had ever experienced IPV were 1.4 times more likely to report they had ever had a miscarriage compared with women who had never experienced violence (P = 0.008), and were 2.5 times more likely to report they had ever had an abortion (P < 0.0001). Ethnicity was significantly associated with experiencing a miscarriage (Asian and Pacific women were less likely compared with European/Pakeha women), and having ever had an abortion (Asian women were 3.5 times more likely compared with Pakeha women). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based sample, miscarriage was relatively common, as was termination of pregnancy. IPV was significantly associated with both induced and spontaneous abortion. Healthcare settings that see women experiencing these pregnancy outcomes need to be cognisant of the link with current and historical IPV, and be able to respond to women appropriately. Language: en
- Published
- 2008
25. Unintended pregnancy and therapeutic abortion in the postpartum period. Is an opportunity to intervene being missed?
- Author
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Karen, Joseph and Anna, Whitehead
- Subjects
Adult ,Adolescent ,Nurse Midwives ,Communication ,Postpartum Period ,Pregnancy, Unplanned ,Abortion, Induced ,Young Adult ,Patient Education as Topic ,Pregnancy ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Female ,Contraception Behavior ,Referral and Consultation ,New Zealand - Abstract
To explore the reasons why women have an abortion soon after delivering an infant and what could reduce unintended pregnancy and abortion in this group of women.Data were collected from anonymous self-complete questionnaires from women who presented to a first trimester Termination of Pregnancy service and who had delivered a live-born infant within the preceding 6 months; and also from the healthcare professionals who are responsible for maternity care to identify the reasons behind the unintended pregnancies, and around Lead Maternity Caregivers' (LMCs') usual practice of postnatal contraceptive provisions, and any barriers to its provision.22 women were recruited into the study and completed the questionnaire. The majority of women (19) reported that they had discussed contraception with the LMC. However only 4 women were given a prescription for the pill and 2 women were given a prescription for condoms (which was not filled). Almost all women had previously accessed contraception from another provider. 59 LMCs responded. All LMCs reported that they discuss contraception with women, However the majority reported that they discuss contraception with all women at discharge (50) and/or postnatally (49). Only 23 LMCs reported discussing contraception antenatally or at booking.Opportunities to intervene are being missed. These include: discussing contraception with all women at booking and/or antenatally; for LMCs to offer prescriptions for contraception to all women and to encourage them to access the supplies, for LMCs to be trained so they feel confident to advise and supply all contraceptive options. Improvements for women could also be made by providing postnatal women with free consultations to her choice of provider, during pregnancy to organise postnatal contraception.
- Published
- 2012
26. Violence during pregnancy: associations with pregnancy intendedness, pregnancy-related care, and alcohol and tobacco use among a representative sample of New Zealand women
- Author
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Janet Fanslow, Martha Silva, Elizabeth Robinson, and Anna Whitehead
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Postnatal Care ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Poison control ,Prenatal care ,Suicide prevention ,Interviews as Topic ,Young Adult ,Pregnancy ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Battered Women ,Smoking ,Attendance ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Prenatal Care ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Pregnancy, Unwanted ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Spouse Abuse ,Domestic violence ,Female ,business ,Demography ,New Zealand - Abstract
To explore the extent of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its association with pregnancy intendedness and pregnancy-related behaviours among a representative sample of New Zealand women.Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 2391 women who had ever been pregnant, aged 18-64 years old in two regions (urban and rural) in New Zealand.Six per cent of urban women and 9% of rural women had ever experienced violence during pregnancy; approximately 40% of these had experienced violence in more than one pregnancy. Women who had experienced violence in pregnancy, compared with those who had not, were less likely to report their last pregnancy had been wanted at that time (28% vs 55%), and less likely to report that their partner wanted the pregnancy (40% vs 57%). Antenatal and postnatal care attendance was almost universal during the last pregnancy. Women who had experienced violence during pregnancy were more likely to smoke tobacco during pregnancy (67% vs 22%, P0.0001), and more commonly, consumed alcohol (31% vs 20%, not significant). For the most recent pregnancy in which women had experienced violence, most was perpetrated by the child's biological father (96%), and most women (74%) reported that the same man had also beaten her before she was pregnant.Violence during pregnancy is a significant problem for New Zealand women, with negative health implications for both women and their children. Active intervention and support is necessary to mitigate potential consequences.
- Published
- 2008
27. Contraceptive use and associations with intimate partner violence among a population-based sample of New Zealand women
- Author
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Elizabeth Robinson, Anna Whitehead, Martha Silva, and Janet Fanslow
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,law.invention ,Condoms ,Condom ,law ,Pregnancy ,Injury prevention ,Medicine ,Humans ,Contraception Behavior ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Human factors and ergonomics ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Sexual intercourse ,Contraception ,Spouse Abuse ,Domestic violence ,Women's Health ,Female ,business ,Demography ,New Zealand - Abstract
Aim: To outline the use of contraception among a representative sample of New Zealand women, and explore associations with intimate partner violence (IPV), and contraception and condom use. Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a random sample of 2790 women who had ever had sexual intercourse, aged 18–64 years old in two regions (urban and rural) in New Zealand. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression and Wald χ2 tests. Results: Almost all women had used contraception at some point in their life, and almost one half of all women 18–49 years were currently using methods of contraception. Contraceptive use and methods varied significantly by location. Women who had ever experienced IPV were significantly more likely to report having ever used contraception, compared with women who had not experienced IPV (91% vs 85.2%). While having a partner who refused to use or tried to stop women from using a method of contraception was rare, it was significantly more common among women who had ever experienced IPV (5.4% vs 1.3%). Conclusions: Most women have used contraception at some point. Women who have ever experienced IPV were: more likely to have used contraception than women who have not experienced IPV, and to have had partners who refused to use condoms or prevented women from using contraception. Partner refusal may be a key indicator of IPV. These findings emphasise the importance of family violence screening at routine health consultations.
- Published
- 2008
28. Prevalence of family violence amongst women attending an abortion clinic in New Zealand
- Author
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Janet Fanslow and Anna Whitehead
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Poison control ,Abortion ,Suicide prevention ,Ambulatory Care Facilities ,Occupational safety and health ,Pregnancy ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,business.industry ,Sex Offenses ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,Abortion Applicants ,Physical abuse ,Sexual abuse ,Spouse Abuse ,Domestic violence ,Female ,business ,Needs Assessment ,New Zealand - Abstract
Aims: To measure the prevalence of family violence reported by women seeking a termination of pregnancy (TOP). Methods: A cross sectional survey involving consecutive women at one Health Waikato abortion clinic. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire in private counselling rooms. Results: Sixty-two of the 125 women invited to participate did so (response rate: 49.6%). The reported lifetime prevalence of physical or sexual abuse was 50.8%. The reported lifetime prevalence of physical abuse was 43.3% and that of sexual abuse was 32.2%. The reported prevalence of physical abuse within the last year was 13.3%, and of sexual abuse within the last year was 8.5%. Of women reporting a lifetime history of physical abuse, 69% reported that her partner was the perpetrator/one of the perpetrators of abuse. Conclusions: The study demonstrated a high prevalence of family violence amongst women attending an abortion clinic. Consideration should be given to screening for family violence in abortion clinics in New Zealand. Screening should be accompanied by the provision of appropriate information and support for women with family violence issues.
- Published
- 2005
29. Clinical procedures manual for remote and rural practice: supporting clinical practice in the bush
- Author
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Sabina Knight, Andrew White, Caitlin Steiner, Chris Del Mar, Christine Connors, Frances Vaughan, Janet Struber, Jo Wright, Kerrie Gell, Nick Williams, George Tripe, Peter McCormack, Rosemary Schmidt, Andrew Lee, Carolyn MacLennan, Gaynor Garstone, Graeme Maguire, Jane Smith, Malcolm Mcdonald, Nathan Ryder, Paul Lawton, Peter May, Rachael Lockley, Rosalie Schultz, Shelley Crowther, Simon Kane, Steve Margolis, Timothy Carey, Ahmed Latif, Alan Cass, Alison Mustapha, Amanda Sanburg, Andrew Bezzina, Andrew Crowhurst, Andrew McCallum, Anne Bromhead, Anne Chang, Anne Davis, Annie Tangey, Anthony Brown, Bart Currie, Belinda Davis, Beth Amega, Bronwyn Silver, Bruce Simmons, Buddhima Lokuge, Phillips, Dr Cameron J., Cherian Sajiv, Dale Edgar, Damien Fagan, Daniel Ewald, Darryl Maybery, David Hockley, Dennis Pashen, Dion Dionysopoulos, Don Boldiston, Elise Beachley, Erik Tikoft, Fiona Wood, Geri Malone, Glenda Gleeson, Gregory Perry, Helen Vaughan, Hugh Taylor, Jason Warnock, Jennifer Alison, Joanna Keily, Joshua Davis, Julia Stewart, Keith Edwards, Lin Davis, Lisa Wallace, Louise Roufeil, Megan Halliday, Lesley Scott, Linda Medlin, Louise Maple-Brown, Lucy Little, Michele Luey, Patrick AhKit, Paul Torzillo, Peter Morris, Pippa Tessmann, Pippa Travers-Mason, Rae-Lin Huang, Ral Antic, Rita Apelt, Robert Parker, Rose Fahy, Rosemary Lee, Sandra Meihubers, Sarah Jackson, Sarah Larkins, Selina Taylor, Sharon Johnson, Rourke, Sharon O., Sheila Kavanagh, Sheryl Alexander, Sridhar Chitturi, Sue Kruske, Sue Orsmond, Sue Roth, Suzanne Connor, Timothy Henderson, Tina Hourigan, Tracy Johns, Warwick Beever, Alison Dawes, Allan Donnelly, Andrew Bisits, Anne Sneddon, Claire Boardman, David Ellwood, Donna Chung, Duncan Reed, Greg McHugh, Hannah Dahlen, Heather Mumme, Helen Land, Jenny May, Jonathon Ball, Judith Gardiner, Kathy Currie, Katie Sullivan, Koen De Decker, Libby Bowell, Lukas Arkapaw, Lyn Byers, Lyndall Young, Brien, Margaret O., Michael Nicholl, Pamela Wood, Peter Markey, Raelene Carroll, Rishi Narasimhan, Shaun Soloman, Shona Sandford, Steve Milanese, Steven Doherty, Susan Gordon, Sue Kildea, Susan Howell, Wendy Bowyer, Zi Li, Adeline Drogemuller, Alanna Watson, Andrew Urquhart, Anna Ralph, Anna Whitehead, Annie Hepner, Anton Drover, Antony Veale, Beverley Hamerton, Breanna Monk, Brycen Brook, Catherine Moody, Charles Douglas, Clare Golding, Colin Watson, Deborah Hales, Denise Sheedy, Diane Griffin, Dy Kelaart, Emslie Lankin, Evonne Thompson, Fabian Schwarz, Fay Clark, Frances Squires, Gayle Woodford, Graham Clegg, Holi Catton, Jacqueline Boyd, Jane Giles, Jeannie Campbell, Jennie McDowall, Jennifer Peters, Jeremy Downes, John Wright, Josephine Appoo, Joy Hussain, Kenneth McNeil, Keppel Schafer, Larissa Meneri, Laura Edwards, Lenaire Keatch, Lesley Woolf, Lynette Flynn, Marcel Campbell, Marjie Middleton, Mark Ramjan, Matthew Steer, Monica Ostigh, Noelene Simmonds, Patricia Woolven, Perry Burstin, Philip Hungerford, Rachael Charles, Rebecca Numina, Ree Dunn, Renita Kantawara, Sally Foxley, Sandra Bell, Sandra McElligott, Sharon Marchant, Stephen Permezel, Suzanne Lenthall, Tanya Gardner, Terrie Ivanhoe, Thea Nungala, Vicki Gordon, Stephanie MacKie-Schneider, Melinda Barlow, Allison Gray, Andrew Lal, Brenda Thornley, Dianne Bell, Erin Emmons, Georgina Brunsdon, Jessica Lopes, Sally Herring, and Sandeep Reddy
30. CARPA Standard Treatment Manual
- Author
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Sabina Knight, Andrew White, Caitlin Steiner, Chris Del Mar, Christine Connors, Frances Vaughan, Janet Struber, Jo Wright, Kerrie Gell, Nick Williams, George Tripe, Peter McCormack, Rosemary Schmidt, Andrew Lee, Carolyn MacLennan, Gaynor Garstone, Graeme Maguire, Jane Smith, Jeff Brownscombe, Malcolm Mcdonald, Nathan Ryder, Paul Burgess, Paul Lawton, Peter May, Shelley Crowther, Rosalie Schultz, Steve Margolis, Carey, Timothy A., Ahmed Latif, Alan Cass, Alan Ruben, Alison Dawes, Alison Mustapha, Amanda Sanburg, Andrew Bezzina, Andrew Crowhurst, Andrew McCallum, Anne Bromhead, Anne Chang, Anne Davis, Annie Tangey, Annie Villeseche, Anthony Brown, Balan Iyngkaran, Bart Currie, Belinda Davis, Beth Amega, Robert Batey, Bronwyn Silver, Bruce Simmons, Buddhima Lokuge, Phillips, Dr Cameron J., Cherian Sajiv, Clare MacVicar, Dale Edgar, Damien Fagan, Daniel Ewald, Darryl Maybery, David Hockley, Dennis Pashen, Dion Dionysopoulos, Donald Boldiston, Elise Beachley, Erik Tikoft, Fiona Wood, Gavin Wheaton, Geri Malone, Gregory Perry, Helen Vaughan, Hugh Taylor, Jason Warnock, Jennifer Delima, Jennifer Alison, Joanna Keily, Joshua Davis, Julia Stewart, Kathy Currie, Keith Edwards, Lesley Scott, Lin Davis, Linda Medlin, Louise Maple-Brown, Louise Roufeil, Marcus Ilton, Margot Webster, Melissa Cumming, Monique Stone, Annette Flaherty, Patrick AhKit, Paul Torzillo, Peter Morris, Pippa Tessmann, Pippa Travers-Mason, Rae-Lin Huang, Ral Antic, Renee Gwee, Robert Parker, Rose Fahy, Rosemary Lee, Sandra Meihubers, Sarah Jackson, Sarah Larkins, Selina Taylor, Sharon Johnson, Rourke, Sharon O., Sheila Kavanagh, Sridhar Chitturi, Stephen Brady, Sue Kruske, Sue Orsmond, Suzanne Connor, Tina Hourigan, Timothy Henderson, Vivienne Hobson, Warwick Beever, Alan Clough, Andrew Frukacz, Andrew Wilkinson, Antony Veale, Bernadette Rogerson, Chris Johnstone, Christine Quigley, Digby Green, Donna Chung, Duncan Reed, Gary Sinclair, Heather Ferguson, Helen Land, Ian Norton, Jenni Judd, Jenny May, John Whitehall, Jonathon Ball, Julian White, Karen Coss, Karen Edmond, Kimberly Poole, Koen De Decker, Laurencia Grant, Lewis Marshall, Libby Bowell, Lucy Comerford, Lyn Byers, Marianne Cummins, Matthew Wright, Maureen Mitchell, Rosalind Webby, Rosemary Wanganeen, Rowena Ivers, Sally Edmonds, Sheree Cairney, Stephen Gourley, Steve Milanese, Steven Doherty, Susan Gordon, Susan Jacups, Teem-Wing Yip, Treasure McGuire, Victoria Krause, Adeline Drogemuller, Alanna Watson, Alexander Hope, Alexander Gallus, Alice Gilbert, Andrew Urquhart, Anna Whitehead, Anne Patton, Annie Hepner, Anton Drover, Bhavini Patel, Catherine Marshall, Catherine Moody, Charles Douglas, Colin Watson, Dana Dabrowska, David Thomas, Debbie Moon, Deb Spurgeon, Deborah Hales, Emslie Lankin, Evonne Thompson, Fabian Schwarz, Fay Clark, Frances Squires, Gayle Woodford, Graham Clegg, Holi Catton, Jacqueline Boyd, Jan Bowman, Jane Giles, Jane Whitehead, Jayasree Subi, Jeanette Smith, Jeannie Campbell, Jennie McDowall, Jeremy Downes, Jill Pettigrew, John Wright, Josephine Appoo, Joy Hussain, Judi Arthur, Julie Hughes, Kara Milne, Karrina Demasi, Kenneth McNeil, Kerrie Simpson, Lachlan Lock, Laura Edwards, Lea Davidson, Leila Kennett, Lesley Woolf, Louise Dennis, Lynette Flynn, Lynnette Laker, Marea Fittock, Marjie Middleton, Mark Ramjan, Mark Russell, Matthew Steer, Michele Luey, Monica Ostigh, Nat McLean, Nazlin Remtulla, Neale Cohen, Nicholas Antic, Noelene Simmonds, Patricia Woolven, Philip Hungerford, Philip McMahon, Philippa Thomas, Rachael Charles, Ree Dunn, Richard Hosking, Rodney Roulstone, Roslyn Dart, Ruth Soorley, Sharon Marchant, Sharon Weymouth, Shelley Parker, Shirley Bailey, Simon Slota-Kan, Sophie Higgins, Susan Willis, Tanya Gardner, Terrie Ivanhoe, Vanessa Johnston, Stephanie MacKie-Schneider, Melinda Barlow, Allison Gray, Andrew Lal, Brenda Thornley, Dianne Bell, Erin Emmons, Georgina Brunsdon, Jessica Lopes, Sally Herring, and Sandeep Reddy
31. Arthur Stanley Eddington Memorial Lectureship
- Author
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Joseph Barcroft, Max Born, Elsie Watchorn, G. M. Trevelyan, A. Victor Murray, W. H. Thorpe, Hilda Sturge, Henry T. Tizard, Charles E. Raven, H. G. Wood, Martin Johnson, G. A. Chase, Wilson Harris, G. B. Jeffery, Kathleen Lonsdale, Anna Whitehead, Edmund Whittaker, Harold Spencer Jones, Rufus M. Jones, Alex Wood, E. W. Birmingham, Winifred Eddington, F. J. M. Stratton, W. Maude Brayshaw, Henry Dale, Howard Diamond, E. J. Maskell, Herbert Dingle, and R. B. Braithwaite
- Subjects
Philosophy ,Environmental ethics ,Classics - Published
- 1946
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