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While it has been taken for granted in the development of several automatic facial expression recognition tools, the question of the coherence between subjective feelings and facial expressions is still a subject of debate. On one hand, the “Basic Emotion View” conceives emotions as genetically hardwired and, therefore, being genuinely displayed through facial expressions. Consequently, emotion recognition is perceiver independent. On the other hand, the constructivist approach conceives emotions as socially constructed, the emotional meaning of a facial expression being inferred by the perceiver. Hence, emotion recognition is perceiver dependent. In order (1) to evaluate the coherence between the subjective feeling of emotions and their spontaneous facial displays, and (2) to compare the recognition of such displays by human perceivers and by an automatic facial expression classifier, 232 videos of expressers recruited to carry out an emotion elicitation task were annotated by 1383 human perceivers as well as by Affdex, an automatic classifier. Results show a weak consistency between self-reported emotional states by expressers and their facial emotional displays. They also show low accuracy both of human perceivers and of the automatic classifier to infer the subjective feeling from the spontaneous facial expressions displayed by expressers. However, the results are more in favor of a perceiver-dependent view. Based on these results, the hypothesis of genetically hardwired emotion genuinely displayed is difficult to support, whereas the idea of emotion and facial expression as being socially constructed appears to be more likely. Accordingly, automatic emotion recognition tools based on facial expressions should be questioned.

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood., National Science Centre, Poland; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker Programme; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Hungarian Brain Research Programme; Internal Fund of the Open University of Israel

Resume Pour anticiper le succes commercial d’un produit, les entreprises vont chercher a s’assurer que ce produit possede les caracteristiques necessaires pour declencher une premiere utilisation ou le renouvellement de cette utilisation. Parmi ces caracteristiques, l’aptitude a declencher des emotions chez ces utilisateurs se revele determinante. Ainsi, cet article vise a presenter les differentes approches integrant l’emotion suscitee par des produits. Afin d’illustrer leur potentiel emotionnel, une selection de 14 produits a ete evaluee par 87 participants. Les resultats de cette etude revelent une correlation significative entre l’activation emotionnelle suscitee par un produit et la tendance des individus a vouloir utiliser ce produit. L’emotion suscitee par un produit apparait donc comme etant un enjeu pour les concepteurs et une variable importante a introduire dans les modeles d’acceptabilite ou d’experience utilisateur.

International audience; This study aims at examining the precise temporal dynamics of the emotional facial decoding as it unfolds in the brain, according to the emotions displayed. To characterize this processing as it occurs in ecological settings, we focused on unconstrained visual explorations of natural emotional faces (i.e., free eye movements). The General Linear Model (GLM; Smith and Kutas, 2015a,b; Kristensen et al., 2017a) enables such a depiction. It allows deconvolving adjacent overlapping responses of the eye fixation-related potentials (EFRPs) elicited by the subsequent fixations and the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited at the stimuli onset. Nineteen participants were displayed with spontaneous static facial expressions of emotions (Neutral, Disgust, Surprise, and Happiness) from the DynEmo database (Tcherkassof et al., 2013). Behavioral results on participants’ eye movements show that the usual diagnostic features in emotional decoding (eyes for negative facial displays and mouth for positive ones) are consistent with the literature. The impact of emotional category on both the ERPs and the EFRPs elicited by the free exploration of the emotional faces is observed upon the temporal dynamics of the emotional facial expression processing. Regarding the ERP at stimulus onset, there is a significant emotion-dependent modulation of the P2–P3 complex and LPP components’ amplitude at the left frontal site for the ERPs computed by averaging. Yet, the GLM reveals the impact of subsequent fixations on the ERPs time-locked on stimulus onset. Results are also in line with the valence hypothesis. The observed differences between the two estimation methods (Average vs. GLM) suggest the predominance of the right hemisphere at the stimulus onset and the implication of the left hemisphere in the processing of the information encoded by subsequent fixations. Concerning the first EFRP, the Lambda response and the P2 component are modulated by the emotion of surprise compared to the neutral emotion, suggesting an impact of high-level factors, in parieto-occipital sites. Moreover, no difference is observed on the second and subsequent EFRP. Taken together, the results stress the significant gain obtained in analyzing the EFRPs using the GLM method and pave the way toward efficient ecological emotional dynamic stimuli analyses.

Resume Dans la vie courante, le terme emotion designe en premier lieu des phenomenes experientiels qui sortent de l’ordinaire. En raison des mouvements de l’âme qui les caracterisent, Descartes a designe ces phenomenes par le terme emotion, un mot qui a son epoque signifiait emeute ou agitation. Aristote reconnaissait le meme phenomene dans son emploi du mot kinesis. En effet, les ressentis emotionnels sont des perceptions de l’engagement dynamique du corps dans l’interaction. Pourtant, la qualite cinesthesique des emotions a ete delaissee par la plupart des theories psychologiques. Cet article presente les arguments plaidant en faveur d’un modele perceptif de l’emotion qui defend l’idee que les emotions sont des attitudes corporelles exprimant la relation du sujet a l’objet emotionnel. Ces arguments sont bases sur les recentes avancees des sciences cognitives notamment en matiere de cognition incarnee. Ce modele perceptif decrit une sequence fonctionnelle du processus de l’emotion qui s’inscrit dans la perspective des theories multi-componentielles actuelles des emotions.

Resume Les effets deleteres de l’alcool sur la perception des expressions faciales emotionnelles (EFE) statiques et posees sont bien demontres. Cette recherche a pour objectif d’etudier ces effets aupres de buveurs normaux dans une perspective ecologique, a savoir pour la perception d’EFE dynamiques et spontanees. Les resultats confirment le deficit d’identification des emotions du a l’alcool, et ce independamment des croyances des buveurs concernant la nature alcoolisee ou non de la boisson qu’ils ont consommee : les participants ayant bu de l’alcool identifient moins bien, telle qu’elle l’exprime spontanement sur son visage, l’emotion ressentie par une personne. De plus, ils montrent qu’a l’exception des expressions d’amusement, l’alcool accroit la probabilite qu’un visage soit interprete comme exprimant de l’anxiete.

User eXperience studies with products, systems or services have significantly increased in companies in order to anticipate their commercial success. Among the user experience dimensions, emotions are predominant. However User eXperience studies used several concepts to refer to emotions and current measures still have some flaws. Consequently, this doctoral project aims firstly to provide a multi-componential approach of emotions based on a psychological view, and secondly to provide Affective Computing solutions in order to evaluate emotions in User eXperience studies. Through a study using hand-gesture interface devices, three components of users' emotions were simultaneously measured with self-reports: the subjective, cognitive and motivational components. The results point out the possibility of measuring different components in order to gain a better understanding of emotions triggered by products. They also point out that self-reports measures could be improved with Affective Computing solutions. In this perspective, two emotion assessment tools were developed: Oudjat and EmoLyse.

L’emission d’expressions faciales non equivoques et le decryptage correct des signaux faciaux d’autrui sont un imperatif de la vie en societe. Le cas des malades psychiatriques illustre combien un mauvais encodage ou un mauvais decodage compromet, parfois serieusement, les interactions interpersonnelles. De nombreuses etudes psychologiques se sont consacrees a l’analyse structurale des expressions faciales emotionnelles. Elles ont surtout porte sur l’importance relative des differents traits faciaux et sur la mecanique du mouvement facial. Elles ont examine, par exemple, la predominance respective des parties hautes ou basses du visage dans l’expression des emotions. Elles ont egalement procede a une description detaillee de l’activite emotionnelle faciale. Cette approche, de type mecaniste, est surtout axee sur les processus d’encodage. Aussi son pouvoir explicatif des processus lies a la communication emotionnelle et aux comportements expressifs est-il faible. De nombreuses recherches se tournent desormais vers le contexte interactionnel, cle de comprehension de ces manifestations expressives. En effet, les expressions faciales emotionnelles se manifestent toujours, peu ou prou, dans un contexte social et souvent dans le cadre d’une relation interpersonnelle. Par consequent, tant les protagonistes de l’interaction que le contexte social dans lequel celle-ci a lieu constituent des elements critiques. L’evolution de la communication non verbale durant une interaction interpersonnelle prend la forme d’un echange dynamique, chaque partenaire s’ajustant mutuellement a l’autre dans cette situation particuliere. Deux processus paralleles et complementaires y concourent : un processus comportemental d’encodage et un processus sociocognitif de decodage, celui-ci relevant d’une perception semiotique. La perception de la signification emotionnelle d’un comportement expressif est avant tout la perception d’une activite relationnelle, c’est-a-dire d’une conduite pourvue de reference intentionnelle. Des yeux grands ouverts et des sourcils leves ne sont pas des globes luisants surmontes d’une touffe de poils. Ces yeux regardent ; ils regardent quelque chose ou quelqu’un. Ils indiquent ainsi une direction. Manifestement, ils relient l’individu a l’environnement, ou a un autre individu, ou a l’objectif qu’il vise… C’est pourquoi il s’agit d’adopter une analyse fonctionnelle des conduites expressives. Le sens des signaux faciaux renvoie a l’activite relationnelle des protagonistes en presence. Dans cette perspective, le phenomene d’echoisation illustre combien toute perturbation de l’activite relationnelle affectera la synchronie sociale. Il importe donc que toute intervention sur la physionomie de la face et sur sa dynamique expressive tienne compte de son eurythmie fonctionnelle : modifier l’apparence du visage ne doit pas en modifier le sens.

Previous research has documented that the major forms of emotional action readiness are likely to be universal and that the main forms of states of action readiness are exhibited in facial expressions of emotion. A comparative study between an African (Burkinabe) and an European (French) population was conducted in order to investigate how these two cultures assess facial expressions of four emotions (joy, sadness, anger and fear) in terms of action readiness modes as well as in terms of emotion labels. Results show that specific patterns of action readiness modes characterize the facial expressions. According to discriminant analyses, these patterns yield high percentages of correct classifications, comparable to those yielded with emotion labels ratings. Action readiness patterns even allow, for the African group, better classifications of the facial expressions than do the emotion labeling. Finally, an ethnic bias seems to emerge. Compared to black faces, white faces are slightly better classified by French participants whereas black faces are somewhat better classified than are white ones by Burkinabe participants, except for anger expressions which profile of result differ from the other facial expressions.

L'auteur examine les diverses conceptions dont la psychologie dispose aujourd'hui sur la problematique de la perception et la reconnaissance des expressions emotionelles faciales. Le probleme aborde est plus particulierement celui du contenu des expressions emotionnelles faciales, a savoir les processus psychologiques auxquels elles correspondent, et ce que, en fait, les observateurs deduisent des expressions. La revue de question critique et les reflexions theoriques issues de cette critique amenent l'auteur a suggerer que la correspondance emotions-expressions n est pas aussi stricte que le postulent les theories traditionnelles. Elle propose une approche nouvelle au probleme de la signification des expressions faciales des emotions et de leur perception par autrui, en l'abordant selon une nouvelle orientation, basee sur la theorie des emotions formulee par Frijda en 1986.

International audience; DynEmo is a database available to the scientific community (https://DynEmo.liglab.fr/). It contains dynamic and natural emotional facial expressions (EFEs) displaying subjective affective states rated by both the expresser and observers. Methodological and contextual information is provided for each expression. This multimodal corpus meets psychological, ethical, and technical criteria. It is quite large, containing two sets of 233 and 125 recordings of EFE of ordinary Caucasian people (ages 25 to 65, 182 females and 176 males) filmed in natural but standardized conditions. In the Set 1, EFE recordings are associated with the affective state of the expresser (self-reported after the emotion inducing task, using dimensional, action readiness, and emotional labels items). In the Set 2, EFE recordings are both associated with the affective state of the expresser and with the time line (continuous annotations) of observers' ratings of the emotions displayed throughout the recording. The time line allows any researcher interested in analysing non-verbal human behavior to segment the expressions into emotions.

International audience; The use of facial interfaces in distant communications highlights the relevance of emotional recognition. However researches on emotional facial expression (EFE) recognition are mainly based on static and posed stimuli and their results are not much transferable to daily interactions. The purpose of the present study is to compare emotional recognition of authentic EFEs with 11 different interface designs. A widget allowing participants both to recognize an emotion and to assess it on-line was used. Divided-face and compound-face interfaces are compared with a common full frontal interface. Analytic and descriptive on-line results reveal that some interfaces facilitate emotional recognition whereas others would decrease it. This study suggests that relevant interfaces could improve emotional recognition and thus facilitate distant communications.

Our experiment aims at examining the impact of induced shame on altruism in a dictator game context with exit option. Using an Internet design, we collect a large battery of psychological and demographic variables which enables us to investigate dispositional and social characteristics likely to influence subjects’ altruistic behaviour. Using the emotional induction technique, we induce either shameful or neutral emotions to the participants before they play the dictator game. We then measure the evaluation that subjects give of their own emotions, and subsequently observe their altruistic behaviour. We find that imagined shame-induction is able to increase significantly altruistic behaviour. We observe that forty-one percent of participants are willing to choose to exit the game and do not observe any difference in exiting between the two emotion conditions. Our data show that women are significantly more eager to take the exit option than males. Economics students are, to a large extent, more prone to adopt greedy choices patterns than other social sciences students.

Our experiment aims at studying the impact of self-esteem on risk-prone choices in an Allais-type decision context using hypothetical money. We use an Internet protocol in order to reach a large heterogeneous student population sample. An anticipated regret explanation for the certainty effect implies that self-esteem is a crucial psychological variable in what concerns risky decision, but only when the choice is between a safe option and a risky option. Thus, in our experiment, we hypothesize that low self-esteem people will choose more frequently the safe option (rather than the risky-prone option) than high self-esteem people, whereas low self-esteem and high self-esteem individuals will show the same pattern of choices between two different risk-based options. Our data confirm our hypothesis. Regarding risky choices preferences, we also observe that females, non economists and older people significantly exhibit safer choice preferences than other participants. We find also that men and students in economics are more likely to conform to expected utility theory than females and other social science students respectively. We then discuss what these findings mean for economic regret theory, and suggest that a complete theory of decision-making under risk should introduce both situational and motivational explanations of individual behaviour.

In supporting the visual-mediated emotional recognition, little research has centred on analysing the effect of presenting different combinatorial facial designs. Moreover, in the theoretical field of emotions, research on the recognition of emotional facial expressions (EFE) is mainly based on static and posed databases tested in unnatural contexts (explicit recognition task of an emotion).Our research has constructed and validated a database, DynEmo, with dynamic and spontaneous emotional facial expressions. So different facial interface designs (whole face, zoomed face, eyes + mouth, whole face + mouth, whole face + eyes, etc., n = 11) are experimentally compared to find their impact in terms of emotional recognition.The results show the facial interface design relevance in terms of emotional recognition. The application of this work is transferable to facial interfaces useful for video-mediated interaction.

This paper addresses methodological considerations relevant to nonverbal communication of emotion research. In order to gather more information about the interpretations given to spontaneous and dynamic facial expressions, two main objectives guide the present exploratory research. The first one is to obtain naturalistic recordings of emotional expressions in realistic settings that are ‘emotional enough’. The second one is to address the issue of dynamic judgments of facial expressions of emotion, that is real-time emotional recognition. An innovative device has been created for this specific purpose. Results show that, although the social nature of the eliciting situation is minimal, the experience of some emotions is reflected on the encoders' faces while being covertly videotaped in natural conditions. Moreover, results show the utility to investigate dynamic emotional judgments of spontaneous and dynamic expressions since observers seem to be sensitive to the slightest facial expression change in making their emotional judgments. A promising paradigm is thus proposed for the study of the dynamics of real-time nonverbal emotional interaction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In response to a high failure rate in innovation projects, being able to anticipate and explain an innovation’s acceptance before its development is an interesting yet differentiating asset for companies. To some extent, acceptance models proposed in the literature allow identifying factors that have a significant influence on the intentions to use innovations. The latest extensions of these pioneer models show an increasing importance in considering the role of affects in the acceptance of innovations. However, these models propose a relatively disparate and unstructured conceptualization of emotional dimensions. In response to this issue, the objective of this work is to propose a framework for studying the relationships between emotions and acceptance of innovations. First, studies 1, 2 and 3 will demonstrate how innovations are perceived as complex and how this could be detrimental to their adoption. We will show that this effect is however qualified when taking the attitude towards innovation into account. Second, studies 4, 5, 6 and 7 will allow us to study precisely the relationships between emotional components and acceptance. Finally, an integrative analysis of some of the results is carried out in order to propose a probabilistic model of the relationships between emotion and acceptance. This model, named Eminosa®, offers three new possibilities: inferring the subjective experiences that an innovation generates by measuring cognitive appraisals, inferring cognitive appraisals by measuring subjective experiences, and finally inferring the acceptance of an innovation by measuring cognitive appraisals or subjective experiences. The implications of the model for the scientific literature and for the application perspectives in terms of innovation support will give rise to a set of recommendations.; Face au constat d’une forte probabilité d’échec au stade de commercialisation des produits innovants, être en mesure d’anticiper et d’expliquer leur acceptabilité avant même d’entreprendre leur développement représente un atout différenciant pour les entreprises. Les modèles d’acceptabilité proposés par la littérature scientifique permettent dans une certaine mesure d’identifier les facteurs ayant une influence significative sur les intentions d’usage à l’égard d’une innovation. De plus, les dernières extensions de ces modèles de référence accordent une place de plus en plus importante au rôle que peuvent jouer les affects dans l’acceptabilité des innovations. Ces modèles proposent néanmoins une conceptualisation relativement disparate et peu structurée des dimensions affectives. Face à ce constat, l’objectif de ces travaux consiste à étudier les relations entre les émotions et l’acceptabilité des innovations. Premièrement, les études 1, 2 et 3 permettront de démontrer en quoi les innovations sont perçues comme complexes et en quoi ceci peut constituer une entrave à leur adoption. Nous montrerons que cet effet est toutefois nuancé par la prise en compte de l’attitude à l’égard de l’innovation. Deuxièmement, les études 4, 5, 6 et 7 permettront d’étudier précisément les relations entre les composantes émotionnelles et l’acceptabilité des innovations. Enfin, nous procéderons à une analyse intégrative d’une partie des résultats en vue de proposer un modèle probabiliste des relations entre émotion et acceptabilité. Ce modèle, baptisé Eminosa®, offre la possibilité d’inférer les évaluations cognitives à partir d’une mesure des expériences subjectives et d’inférer l’acceptabilité d’une innovation à partir des évaluations cognitives ou des expériences subjectives. Les implications du modèle vis-à-vis de l’accompagnement à l’innovation donneront lieu à un ensemble de préconisations et de futures pistes de recherche.

In response to a high failure rate in innovation projects, being able to anticipate and explain an innovation’s acceptance before its development is an interesting yet differentiating asset for companies. To some extent, acceptance models proposed in the literature allow identifying factors that have a significant influence on the intentions to use innovations. The latest extensions of these pioneer models show an increasing importance in considering the role of affects in the acceptance of innovations. However, these models propose a relatively disparate and unstructured conceptualization of emotional dimensions. In response to this issue, the objective of this work is to propose a framework for studying the relationships between emotions and acceptance of innovations. First, studies 1, 2 and 3 will demonstrate how innovations are perceived as complex and how this could be detrimental to their adoption. We will show that this effect is however qualified when taking the attitude towards innovation into account. Second, studies 4, 5, 6 and 7 will allow us to study precisely the relationships between emotional components and acceptance. Finally, an integrative analysis of some of the results is carried out in order to propose a probabilistic model of the relationships between emotion and acceptance. This model, named Eminosa®, offers three new possibilities: inferring the subjective experiences that an innovation generates by measuring cognitive appraisals, inferring cognitive appraisals by measuring subjective experiences, and finally inferring the acceptance of an innovation by measuring cognitive appraisals or subjective experiences. The implications of the model for the scientific literature and for the application perspectives in terms of innovation support will give rise to a set of recommendations.; Face au constat d’une forte probabilité d’échec au stade de commercialisation des produits innovants, être en mesure d’anticiper et d’expliquer leur acceptabilité avant même d’entreprendre leur développement représente un atout différenciant pour les entreprises. Les modèles d’acceptabilité proposés par la littérature scientifique permettent dans une certaine mesure d’identifier les facteurs ayant une influence significative sur les intentions d’usage à l’égard d’une innovation. De plus, les dernières extensions de ces modèles de référence accordent une place de plus en plus importante au rôle que peuvent jouer les affects dans l’acceptabilité des innovations. Ces modèles proposent néanmoins une conceptualisation relativement disparate et peu structurée des dimensions affectives. Face à ce constat, l’objectif de ces travaux consiste à étudier les relations entre les émotions et l’acceptabilité des innovations. Premièrement, les études 1, 2 et 3 permettront de démontrer en quoi les innovations sont perçues comme complexes et en quoi ceci peut constituer une entrave à leur adoption. Nous montrerons que cet effet est toutefois nuancé par la prise en compte de l’attitude à l’égard de l’innovation. Deuxièmement, les études 4, 5, 6 et 7 permettront d’étudier précisément les relations entre les composantes émotionnelles et l’acceptabilité des innovations. Enfin, nous procéderons à une analyse intégrative d’une partie des résultats en vue de proposer un modèle probabiliste des relations entre émotion et acceptabilité. Ce modèle, baptisé Eminosa®, offre la possibilité d’inférer les évaluations cognitives à partir d’une mesure des expériences subjectives et d’inférer l’acceptabilité d’une innovation à partir des évaluations cognitives ou des expériences subjectives. Les implications du modèle vis-à-vis de l’accompagnement à l’innovation donneront lieu à un ensemble de préconisations et de futures pistes de recherche.

Given the sizable economic investment of innovative products’ development, anticipating their success has become essential for companies. Therefore, a descriptive framework centered on user experience – also called UX – highlights individuals’ emotions as a criterion to predict the future use of products. Nevertheless, despite the pros of the models derived from this framework, they also have limits regarding the predictions they allow to make. Meanwhile, other psychological models aim to identify predictors of individuals’ behavioral intention to use these products for the first time or to use them again. These models – such as the Technology Acceptance Model, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technologies or the Consumer Acceptance of Technology – enable to foresee individuals’ attitudes towards product characteristics and their intention to use them. However, they are also problematic regarding their way to take users’ emotions into account.To address the problem of the study of emotions triggered by products, we propose to adapt the Component Process Model. In this model emotions are the result of internal and external changes that can be categorized into five components: the cognitive component, the motivational component, the subjective component, the expressive component and the physiological component. We suggest using this model to specifically study the influence of a product’s innovational impact on emotions. Thus, in Studies 1 and 2 we show; firstly that it is possible to analyze the emotion elicited by products before their uses from three of the five components and secondly, that these emotions are not influenced by individuals’ personality and context. Then, in Studies 3 and 4, we experimentally test these components by comparing the emotions triggered by the first uses of so-called “innovative” products compared to the uses of products known as being “traditional”. The results of these studies confirm the advantage of using the Component Process Model to analyze emotions triggered by products and, more particularly, by innovative products.; Étant donné l’investissement économique que représente le développement de produits innovants ainsi que leur faible taux de succès auprès du grand public, anticiper ce succès est devenu essentiel pour les industriels. Par conséquent, un cadre d’analyse centré sur l’expérience utilisateur met en avant l’émotion des individus comme critère déterminant pour prédire l’utilisation future d’un produit. Néanmoins, malgré les avantages des modèles issus de ce cadre d’analyse, ils apparaissent également comme étant limités du point de vue des prédictions qu’ils permettent de réaliser. Parallèlement, d’autres modèles issus de la théorie des intentions ont cherché à identifier les prédicteurs de l’intention comportementale des individus à utiliser pour la première fois ces produits ou bien ceux de l’intention comportementale des individus à les utiliser de nouveau. Ces modèles, comme le Technology Acceptance Model, l’Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology et le Consumer Acceptance of Technology, mettent en lien les attitudes envers les caractéristiques des produits et ces intentions d’utilisation. Cependant, ils posent également quelques problèmes vis-à-vis de leurs manières de prendre en compte l’émotion des individus.Pour répondre à la problématique de l’étude de l’émotion suscitée par des produits, nous proposons d’adopter le Component Process Model. Selon ce modèle l’émotion est le résultat de modifications internes et externes qui peuvent être regroupées en cinq composantes : la composante cognitive, la composante motivationnelle, la composante subjective, la composante expressive et la composante physiologique. Nous proposons d’utiliser ce modèle pour étudier spécifiquement l’influence de l’innovation des produits sur les émotions. Ainsi dans nos Études 1 et 2, nous monterons d’une part qu’il est possible d’analyser l’émotion suscitée par des produits avant même leur utilisation d’après trois des cinq composantes et d’autre part que ces émotions ne sont pas influencées par des caractéristiques propres aux individus. Ensuite dans nos Études 3 et 4, nous testerons expérimentalement ces composantes en comparant les émotions suscitées par les toutes premières utilisations de produits dits « innovants » avec l’utilisation de produits dits « communs ». Les résultats de ces études confirmeront l’intérêt qu’a l’utilisation du Component Process Model dans l’étude des émotions suscitées par des produits et plus particulièrement par des produits innovants.