22 results on '"Anna R Yousaf"'
Search Results
2. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in American Indian/Alaska Native Children, March 2020–May 2022
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Ethan R. Bornstein, Allison D. Miller, Laura D. Zambrano, Anna R. Yousaf, Andria Apostolou, Thomas Weiser, and Angela P. Campbell
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Published
- 2022
3. COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity and Vaccine Attitudes Among Children and Parents/Guardians After Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children or COVID-19 Hospitalization: September 2021—May 2022
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Anna R. Yousaf, Amber Kunkel, Joseph Y. Abrams, Ami B. Shah, Teresa A. Hammett, Kathryn E. Arnold, Yajira L. Beltran, Federico R. Laham, Carol M. Kao, David A. Hunstad, Laila Hussaini, Nadine Baida, Luis Salazar, Maria A. Perez, Christina A. Rostad, Shana Godfred-Cato, Angela P. Campbell, and Ermias D. Belay
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Published
- 2022
4. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists/CDC Surveillance Case Definition for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection — United States
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Michael Melgar, Ellen H. Lee, Allison D. Miller, Sarah Lim, Catherine M. Brown, Anna R. Yousaf, Laura D. Zambrano, Ermias D. Belay, Shana Godfred-Cato, Joseph Y. Abrams, Matthew E. Oster, and Angela P. Campbell
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Health (social science) ,Health Information Management ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine - Abstract
regarding identification of MIS-C and its distinction from other pediatric conditions, a review of available literature comparing MIS-C phenotype with that of pediatric COVID-19 and other hyperinflammatory syndromes, and retrospective application of different criteria to data from MIS-C cases previously reported to CDC.
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- 2022
5. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron Variant Circulation—United States, July 2021–January 2022
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Allison D Miller, Anna R Yousaf, Ethan Bornstein, Michael J Wu, Katherine Lindsey, Michael Melgar, Matthew E Oster, Laura D Zambrano, and Angela P Campbell
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Pneumonia, Viral ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Child ,Connective Tissue Diseases ,Coronavirus Infections ,Pandemics ,Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ,United States - Abstract
We describe 2116 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during Delta and Omicron circulation from July 2021 through January 2022. Half of MIS-C patients were aged 5–11 years, 52% received intensive care unit–level care, and 1.1% died. Only 3.0% of eligible patients were fully vaccinated prior to MIS-C onset.
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- 2022
6. Surveillance for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in US Children Aged 5–11 Years Who Received Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, November 2021 through March 2022
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Margaret M Cortese, Allan W Taylor, Lara J Akinbami, Andrea Thames-Allen, Anna R Yousaf, Angela P Campbell, Susan A Maloney, Theresa A Harrington, E Gloria Anyalechi, Datta Munshi, Satoshi Kamidani, C Robinette Curtis, David W McCormick, Mary A Staat, Kathryn M Edwards, C Buddy Creech, Oidda Museru, Paige Marquez, Deborah Thompson, John R Su, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, and Karen R Broder
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Infectious Diseases ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; in the United States, reporting of MIS-C after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is required for vaccine safety monitoring. Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine was authorized for children aged 5−11 years on 29 October 2021. Covering a period when approximately 7 million children received vaccine, surveillance for MIS-C ≤ 90 days postvaccination using passive systems identified 58 children with MIS-C and laboratory evidence of past/recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 4 without evidence. During a period with extensive SARS-CoV-2 circulation, MIS-C illness in children after COVID-19 vaccination who lacked evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was rare (
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- 2023
7. 1094. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in Persons Fully Vaccinated with Two Doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Compared with Persons with Partial or No Vaccination Reported, U.S. National MIS-C Surveillance
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Anna R Yousaf, Allison D Miller, Katherine Lindsey, Michael J Wu, Michael Melgar, Laura D Zambrano, and Angela P Campbell
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Infectious Diseases ,Oncology - Abstract
Background CDC began collecting COVID-19 vaccination status of persons with MIS-C as part of national surveillance in May, 2021. We describe and compare MIS-C in fully vaccinated persons with MIS-C in persons with partial or no vaccination reported. Methods We identified COVID-19 vaccine age-eligible persons meeting the CDC MIS-C case definition reported by health departments as of March 28, 2022 and divided them into 3 groups for this analysis: 1) fully vaccinated (receipt of a 2-dose mRNA primary vaccine series with MIS-C onset ≥28 days after vaccine dose 2 to account for the delay between infection and MIS-C), 2) partially vaccinated (MIS-C onset after dose 1 or < 28 days from dose 2 or receipt of Janssen [Johnson & Johnson] vaccine and 3) no vaccination reported. We compared characteristics between the groups. Results Of 7,880 MIS-C cases reported, 1,085 were vaccine eligible: 45 were fully vaccinated, 64 partially vaccinated, and 976 had no vaccine reported. Demographic characteristics were similar, although the Northeast had the lowest percentage of persons with vaccination not reported (Table). Though not statistically significant, fully vaccinated persons less frequently had severe cardiac involvement (67% vs 74%), shock (33% vs 44%), severe hematologic involvement (47% vs 54%), and mucocutaneous involvement (53% vs 63%) compared with those with no vaccine reported (Table). Forty-four percent of those fully vaccinated required ICU-level care vs 59% with no vaccine reported (p=0.053). Nineteen (2%) of those without vaccine reported died; no fully or partially vaccinated persons died. Table.Demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with MIS-C with COVID-19 vaccine not reported compared to partially and fully vaccinated individuals Conclusion Persons who acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection after being fully vaccinated can develop MIS-C, with similar clinical characteristics to those with no vaccination reported. A lower but not statistically significant percentage of fully vaccinated persons required ICU-level care compared with those without vaccination, and there were no deaths in the fully vaccinated group. These data do not account for trends in MIS-C over time, including the influence of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants on MIS-C clinical manifestations. We will continue to evaluate these comparisons as the sample size of reported MIS-C cases increases. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.
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- 2022
8. Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in United States Children Ages 5 to 11 Years
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Anne M. Hause, David K. Shay, Nicola P. Klein, Winston E. Abara, James Baggs, Margaret M. Cortese, Bruce Fireman, Julianne Gee, Jason M. Glanz, Kristin Goddard, Kayla E. Hanson, Brandon Hugueley, Tat’Yana Kenigsberg, Elyse O. Kharbanda, Bruno Lewin, Ned Lewis, Paige Marquez, Tanya Myers, Allison Naleway, Jennifer C. Nelson, John R. Su, Deborah Thompson, Babatunde Olubajo, Matthew E. Oster, Eric S. Weintraub, Joshua T.B. Williams, Anna R. Yousaf, Ousseny Zerbo, Bicheng Zhang, and Tom T. Shimabukuro
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Male ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Adolescent ,Vaccination ,COVID-19 ,Article ,United States ,Myocarditis ,Young Adult ,Influenza Vaccines ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ,Humans ,Child - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Limited postauthorization safety data for the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination among children ages 5 to 11 years are available, particularly for the adverse event myocarditis, which has been detected in adolescents and young adults. We describe adverse events observed during the first 4 months of the United States coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination program in this age group. METHODS We analyzed data from 3 United States safety monitoring systems: v-safe, a voluntary smartphone-based system that monitors reactions and health effects; the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS), the national spontaneous reporting system comanaged by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Food and Drug Administration; and the Vaccine Safety Datalink, an active surveillance system that monitors electronic health records for prespecified events, including myocarditis. RESULTS Among 48 795 children ages 5 to 11 years enrolled in v-safe, most reported reactions were mild-to-moderate, most frequently reported the day after vaccination, and were more common after dose 2. VAERS received 7578 adverse event reports; 97% were nonserious. On review of 194 serious VAERS reports, 15 myocarditis cases were verified; 8 occurred in boys after dose 2 (reporting rate 2.2 per million doses). In the Vaccine Safety Datalink, no safety signals were detected in weekly sequential monitoring after administration of 726 820 doses. CONCLUSIONS Safety findings for Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine from 3 United States monitoring systems in children ages 5 to 11 years show that most reported adverse events were mild and no safety signals were observed in active surveillance. VAERS reporting rates of myocarditis after dose 2 in this age group were substantially lower than those observed among adolescents ages 12 to 15 years.
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- 2022
9. Persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA Shedding Without Evidence of Infectiousness: A Cohort Study of Individuals With COVID-19
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Kimberly Christensen, Elizabeth A. Dietrich, Anna R Yousaf, Almea Matanock, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Daniel Owusu, Angela Dunn, Natalie J. Thornburg, Victoria T Chu, Brett Whitaker, Ian W Pray, Ashutosh Wadhwa, Mary Pomeroy, Tair Kiphibane, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Aron J. Hall, Sarah Willardson, Hannah L Kirking, Ryan P Westergaard, Trivikram Dasu, and Jacqueline E. Tate
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Adult ,Male ,viral shedding ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Virus Replication ,Persistence (computer science) ,Young Adult ,Nasopharynx ,Internal medicine ,Major Article ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Viral shedding ,Child ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Infectivity ,infectious period ,SARS-CoV-2 ,infectivity ,business.industry ,Viral culture ,Hazard ratio ,Age Factors ,viral culture ,COVID-19 ,RNA ,Middle Aged ,Virus Shedding ,AcademicSubjects/MED00290 ,Infectious Diseases ,COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ,Child, Preschool ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Contact Tracing ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background To better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding and infectivity, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding duration, described participant characteristics associated with the first negative rRT-PCR test (resolution), and determined if replication-competent viruses was recoverable ≥10 days after symptom onset. Methods We collected serial nasopharyngeal specimens from 109 individuals with rRT-PCR–confirmed COVID-19 in Utah and Wisconsin. We calculated viral RNA shedding resolution probability using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and evaluated characteristics associated with shedding resolution using Cox proportional hazards regression. We attempted viral culture for 35 rRT-PCR–positive nasopharyngeal specimens collected ≥10 days after symptom onset. Results The likelihood of viral RNA shedding resolution at 10 days after symptom onset was approximately 3%. Time to shedding resolution was shorter among participants aged Conclusions Although most patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 for ≥10 days after symptom onset, our findings suggest that individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19 are unlikely to be infectious ≥10 days after symptom onset.
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- 2021
10. Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the United States
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Mark Fajans, Allison Binder, Hannah E. Reses, Natalie J. Thornburg, Michelle Banks, Ian W Pray, Brandi Freeman, Angela Dunn, Almea Matanock, Tair Kiphibane, Sherry Yin, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Katherine A. Battey, Lisa A. Mills, Hannah L Kirking, Daniel Owusu, Anna R Yousaf, Cuc H. Tran, Radhika Gharpure, Erin E. Conners, Victoria T Chu, Lucia C. Pawloski, Aron J. Hall, Henry Njuguna, Patrick Dawson, Sean A Buono, Ryan P Westergaard, Jeni Vuong, Christopher J. Gregory, Michelle O'Hegarty, Jared R. Rispens, Sarah Willardson, Susan I. Gerber, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Elizabeth A. Dietrich, Rebecca J Chancey, Kim Christensen, Lindsey Page, Lindsey M. Duca, Ashutosh Wadhwa, Scott A Nabity, Perrine Marcenac, Ann Christiansen, John C. Watson, Amy C Schumacher, Phillip P. Salvatore, Rebecca L. Laws, Elizabeth M Rabold, Victoria L. Fields, Eric Pevzner, Garrett Fox, Dongni Ye, Jacqueline E. Tate, Mary Pomeroy, Trivikram Dasu, and Sandra Lester
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Secondary infection ,Odds ratio ,Confidence interval ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,El Niño ,Spouse ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Medical history ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Contact tracing - Abstract
Background The evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission. Methods We recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household contacts in Utah and Wisconsin during 22 March 2020–25 April 2020. We interviewed patients and all household contacts to obtain demographics and medical histories. At the initial household visit, 14 days later, and when a household contact became newly symptomatic, we collected respiratory swabs from patients and household contacts for testing by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We estimated SIR and odds ratios (ORs) to assess risk factors for secondary infection, defined by a positive rRT-PCR or ELISA test. Results Thirty-two (55%) of 58 households secondary infection among household contacts. The SIR was 29% (n = 55/188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23%–36%) overall, 42% among children (aged Conclusions We found substantial evidence of secondary infections among household contacts. People with COVID-19, particularly those with immunocompromising conditions or those with household contacts with diabetes, should take care to promptly self-isolate to prevent household transmission.
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- 2020
11. Reported cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children aged 12-20 years in the USA who received a COVID-19 vaccine, December, 2020, through August, 2021: a surveillance investigation
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Anna R Yousaf, Margaret M Cortese, Allan W Taylor, Karen R Broder, Matthew E Oster, Joshua M Wong, Alice Y Guh, David W McCormick, Satoshi Kamidani, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Kathryn M Edwards, C Buddy Creech, Mary A Staat, Ermias D Belay, Paige Marquez, John R Su, Mark B Salzman, Deborah Thompson, Angela P Campbell, Oidda Museru, Leigh M. Howard, Monica Parise, John J. Openshaw, Chloe LeMarchand, Lauren E. Finn, Moon Kim, Kiran V. Raman, Kenneth K. Komatsu, Bryce L. Spiker, Cole P. Burkholder, Sean M. Lang, and Jonathan H. Soslow
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Male ,Young Adult ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Adolescent ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Female ,Child ,Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ,United States - Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a hyperinflammatory condition associated with antecedent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the USA, reporting of MIS-C after vaccination is required under COVID-19 vaccine emergency use authorisations. We aimed to investigate reports of individuals aged 12-20 years with MIS-C after COVID-19 vaccination reported to passive surveillance systems or through clinician outreach to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).In this surveillance activity, we investigated potential cases of MIS-C after COVID-19 vaccination reported to CDC's MIS-C national surveillance system, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (co-administered by CDC and the US Food and Drug Administration), and CDC's Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment Project. A multidisciplinary team adjudicated cases by use of the CDC MIS-C definition. Any positive SARS-CoV-2 serology test satisfied case criteria; although anti-nucleocapsid antibodies indicate previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-spike protein antibodies indicate either past or recent infection or COVID-19 vaccination. We describe the demographic and clinical features of cases, stratified by laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To calculate the reporting rate of MIS-C, we divided the count of all individuals meeting the MIS-C case definition, and of those without evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, by the number of individuals aged 12-20 years in the USA who received one or more COVID-19 vaccine doses up to Aug 31, 2021, obtained from CDC national vaccine surveillance data.Using surveillance results from Dec 14, 2020, to Aug 31, 2021, we identified 21 individuals with MIS-C after COVID-19 vaccination. Of these 21 individuals, median age was 16 years (range 12-20); 13 (62%) were male and eight (38%) were female. All 21 were hospitalised: 12 (57%) were admitted to an intensive care unit and all were discharged home. 15 (71%) of 21 individuals had laboratory evidence of past or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, and six (29%) did not. As of Aug 31, 2021, 21 335 331 individuals aged 12-20 years had received one or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine, making the overall reporting rate for MIS-C after vaccination 1·0 case per million individuals receiving one or more doses in this age group. The reporting rate in only those without evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0·3 cases per million vaccinated individuals.Here, we describe a small number of individuals with MIS-C who had received one or more doses of a COVID-19 vaccine before illness onset; the contribution of vaccination to these illnesses is unknown. Our findings suggest that MIS-C after COVID-19 vaccination is rare. Continued reporting of potential cases and surveillance for MIS-C illnesses after COVID-19 vaccination is warranted.US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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- 2022
12. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children-United States, February 2020-July 2021
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Allison D, Miller, Laura D, Zambrano, Anna R, Yousaf, Joseph Y, Abrams, Lu, Meng, Michael J, Wu, Michael, Melgar, Matthew E, Oster, Shana E, Godfred Cato, Ermias D, Belay, Angela P, Campbell, and Andrea R, Liptack
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Microbiology (medical) ,Male ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ,United States ,Infectious Diseases ,AcademicSubjects/MED00290 ,Major Article ,Humans ,epidemiology ,Female ,Child ,Connective Tissue Diseases ,multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - Abstract
Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe hyperinflammatory condition in persons aged Methods We included patients meeting the MIS-C case definition with onset date from 19 February 2020 through 31 July 2021, using CDC’s MIS-C case report form, which collects information on demographics, clinical presentation, and laboratory results. Trends over time across 3 MIS-C pandemic waves were assessed using Cochran-Armitage test for categorical and Jonckheere-Terpstra test for continuous variables. Results Of 4901 reported cases, 4470 met inclusion criteria. Median patient age increased over time (P Conclusions Over the first 3 pandemic waves of MIS-C in the United States, cardiovascular complications and clinical outcomes including length of hospitalization, receipt of ECMO, and death decreased over time. These data serve as a baseline for monitoring future trends associated with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) or other variants and increased COVID-19 vaccination among children.
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- 2021
13. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Children and Adolescents
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Victoria T, Chu, Anna R, Yousaf, Karen, Chang, Noah G, Schwartz, Clinton J, McDaniel, Scott H, Lee, Christine M, Szablewski, Marie, Brown, Cherie L, Drenzek, Emilio, Dirlikov, Dale A, Rose, Julie, Villanueva, Alicia M, Fry, Aron J, Hall, Hannah L, Kirking, Jacqueline E, Tate, Tatiana M, Lanzieri, Rebekah J, Stewart, and Kathryn, Winglee
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Adult ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Adolescent ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Physical Distancing ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,law ,Risk Factors ,Environmental health ,Correspondence ,Summer camp ,Medicine ,Humans ,Family ,Young adult ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Masks ,Outbreak ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Hospitalization ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Logistic Models ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,business - Abstract
Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Children In an outbreak of Covid-19 at a summer camp, 224 confirmed cases in children and adolescents 7 to 19 years of age were identified. After the campe...
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- 2021
14. Comparison of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ELISA and the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG nucleocapsid protein assays for detection of antibodies
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Marie E Killerby, Mary Pomeroy, Jacqueline E. Tate, Lisa Mills, Sandra Lester, Patricia Hall, Brandi D. Freeman, Daniel Owusu, Anna R Yousaf, Ashutosh Wadhwa, Sherry Yin, Natalie J. Thornburg, Sean A Buono, Hannah L Kirking, Victoria T Chu, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, and Rebecca B. Hershow
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,RNA viruses ,Viral Diseases ,Coronaviruses ,Physiology ,viruses ,Antibody Response ,Antibodies, Viral ,Biochemistry ,Nucleocapsids ,Immunoglobulin G ,Serology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medical Conditions ,Immune Physiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Child ,Immune Response ,Pathology and laboratory medicine ,Virus Testing ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,Immune System Proteins ,biology ,Middle Aged ,Nucleocapsid Proteins ,Medical microbiology ,Infectious Diseases ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Child, Preschool ,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,Viruses ,Medicine ,Female ,Antibody ,SARS CoV 2 ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Adult ,Adolescent ,SARS coronavirus ,Science ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Viral Structure ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Microbiology ,Antibodies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Antigen ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Virology ,Humans ,Nucleocapsid ,Immunoassays ,Viral immunology ,Aged ,Biology and life sciences ,SARS-CoV-2 ,fungi ,Infant, Newborn ,Organisms ,Viral pathogens ,Spike Protein ,COVID-19 ,Infant ,Proteins ,Covid 19 ,respiratory tract diseases ,Microbial pathogens ,body regions ,030104 developmental biology ,Antibody response ,biology.protein ,Immunologic Techniques - Abstract
Serologic assays developed for SARS-CoV-2 detect different antibody subtypes and are based on different target antigens. Comparison of the performance of a SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein ELISA and the nucleocapsid-based Abbott ArchitectTM SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay indicated that the assays had high concordance, with rare paired discordant tests results.
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- 2021
15. Adolescent with COVID-19 as the Source of an Outbreak at a 3-Week Family Gathering — Four States, June–July 2020
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Aron J. Hall, Christine M Szablewski, Marie Brown, Utpala Bandy, Anna R Yousaf, Victoria T Chu, Rebekah J Stewart, Anna Makaretz, Ailis Clyne, Noah G. Schwartz, Cherie Drenzek, Adam Muir, Tatiana M. Lanzieri, Karen T. Chang, Jacqueline Korpics, Jan Drobeniuc, Hannah L Kirking, Amanda L DellaGrotta, Jacqueline E. Tate, and Anne C. Moorman
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Adult ,Male ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,01 natural sciences ,Disease Outbreaks ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Medicine ,Family ,Full Report ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Young adult ,Child ,Pandemics ,Aged ,business.industry ,010102 general mathematics ,COVID-19 ,Outbreak ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,United States ,El Niño ,Female ,Coronavirus Infections ,business ,Demography - Abstract
There is increasing evidence that children and adolescents can efficiently transmit SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1-3). During July-August 2020, four state health departments and CDC investigated a COVID-19 outbreak that occurred during a 3-week family gathering of five households in which an adolescent aged 13 years was the index and suspected primary patient; 11 subsequent cases occurred.
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- 2020
16. SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Infection Among Attendees of an Overnight Camp — Georgia, June 2020
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Emilio Dirlikov, Maranda Lumsden, Asfia Mohammed, Victoria T Chu, Rebekah J Stewart, Karen T. Chang, Cherie Drenzek, Jaina A. Shah, Robert Montierth, Erin Mayweather, Tatiana M. Lanzieri, Christine M Szablewski, Jacqueline E. Tate, Clinton J. McDaniel, Ndubuisi Anyalechi, Hannah L Kirking, Marie Brown, Anna R Yousaf, Peter A. Aryee, and Noah G. Schwartz
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Georgia ,Health (social science) ,Evening ,Adolescent ,Executive order ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Disease Outbreaks ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,030225 pediatrics ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Full Report ,Child ,Pandemics ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Public health ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Test (assessment) ,Family medicine ,Camping ,Positive test result ,Female ,Coronavirus Infections ,business - Abstract
Limited data are available about transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), among youths. During June 17-20, an overnight camp in Georgia (camp A) held orientation for 138 trainees and 120 staff members; staff members remained for the first camp session, scheduled during June 21-27, and were joined by 363 campers and three senior staff members on June 21. Camp A adhered to the measures in Georgia's Executive Order* that allowed overnight camps to operate beginning on May 31, including requiring all trainees, staff members, and campers to provide documentation of a negative viral SARS-CoV-2 test ≤12 days before arriving. Camp A adopted most† components of CDC's Suggestions for Youth and Summer Camps§ to minimize the risk for SARS-CoV-2 introduction and transmission. Measures not implemented were cloth masks for campers and opening windows and doors for increased ventilation in buildings. Cloth masks were required for staff members. Camp attendees were cohorted by cabin and engaged in a variety of indoor and outdoor activities, including daily vigorous singing and cheering. On June 23, a teenage staff member left camp A after developing chills the previous evening. The staff member was tested and reported a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 the following day (June 24). Camp A officials began sending campers home on June 24 and closed the camp on June 27. On June 25, the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) was notified and initiated an investigation. DPH recommended that all attendees be tested and self-quarantine, and isolate if they had a positive test result.
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- 2020
17. SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Dynamics in a Sleep-Away Camp
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Camp Outbreak Field Investigation Team, Kathryn Winglee, Prabasaj Paul, Tatiana M. Lanzieri, Suxiang Tong, Noah G. Schwartz, Cherie Drenzek, Rachel B. Slayton, Victoria T Chu, Zhaohui Cui, Julie Villanueva, Jacqueline E. Tate, Alicia M. Fry, Aron J. Hall, Karen T. Chang, Jing Zhang, Sarah M. Sharkey, Yan Li, Clinton J. McDaniel, Anna R Yousaf, Emilio Dirlikov, Hannah L Kirking, Rebekah J Stewart, Christine M Szablewski, Marie Brown, Dale A. Rose, and Anna Uehara
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Adult ,Male ,Georgia ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Attack rate ,Article ,Disease Outbreaks ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hygiene ,030225 pediatrics ,Medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,Child ,media_common ,Retrospective Studies ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Outbreak ,COVID-19 ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cohort ,Camping ,Female ,business ,Demography ,Cohort study - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In late June 2020, a large outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred at a sleep-away youth camp in Georgia, affecting primarily persons ≤21 years. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among campers and staff (attendees) to determine the extent of the outbreak and assess factors contributing to transmission. METHODS: Attendees were interviewed to ascertain demographic characteristics, known exposures to COVID-19 and community exposures, and mitigation measures before, during, and after attending camp. COVID-19 case status was determined for all camp attendees on the basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results and reported symptoms. We calculated attack rates and instantaneous reproduction numbers and sequenced SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from the outbreak. RESULTS: Among 627 attendees, the median age was 15 years (interquartile range: 12–16 years); 56% (351 of 627) of attendees were female. The attack rate was 56% (351 of 627) among all attendees. On the basis of date of illness onset or first positive test result on a specimen collected, 12 case patients were infected before arriving at camp and 339 case patients were camp associated. Among 288 case patients with available symptom information, 45 (16%) were asymptomatic. Despite cohorting, 50% of attendees reported direct contact with people outside their cabin cohort. On the first day of camp session, the instantaneous reproduction number was 10. Viral genomic diversity was low. CONCLUSIONS: Few introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into a youth congregate setting resulted in a large outbreak. Testing strategies should be combined with prearrival quarantine, routine symptom monitoring with appropriate isolation and quarantine, cohorting, social distancing, mask wearing, and enhanced disinfection and hand hygiene. Promotion of mitigation measures among younger populations is needed.
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- 2021
18. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Children and Adolescents
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Aron J. Hall, Maranda Lumsden, Asha Ivey-Stephenson, Jennifer K. Knapp, Noah G. Schwartz, Shanica Railey, Alicia M. Fry, Cherie Drenzek, Dawn Tuckey, Deirdre D. Pratt, Tony Holmes, Cindy Castaneda, Alpa Patel-Larson, Hannah L Kirking, Christin H. Goodman, Amy C. Fleshman, Tiffiany Aholou, Zhaohui Cui, Clinton J. McDaniel, Erin Mayweather, Christine M Szablewski, Trudy Chambers, Victoria T Chu, Peter A. Aryee, Scott H. Lee, Julie Villanueva, Kathryn Winglee, Adebola Adebayo, Jaina A. Shah, Anna R Yousaf, Tatiana M. Lanzieri, Karen Chang, Asfia Mohammed, Emiko Kamitani, Jacqueline E. Tate, Susan Katz, Maureen Kolasa, Rebekah J Stewart, Marie Brown, Lara Perinet, Emilio Dirlikov, Minal M. Amin, Anne C. Moorman, Dale A. Rose, and Mark Pilgard
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medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Public health ,Environmental health ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,medicine ,Outbreak ,Retrospective cohort study ,Transmission risks and rates ,business ,Confidence interval - Abstract
A better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from children and adolescents is crucial for informing public health mitigation strategies. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among household contacts of primary cases defined as children and adolescents aged 7⍰19 years with laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection acquired during an overnight camp outbreak. Among household contacts, we defined secondary cases using the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists definition. Among 526 household contacts of 224 primary cases, 48 secondary cases were identified, corresponding to a secondary attack rate of 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%–12%). Our findings show that children and adolescents can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to adult contacts and other children in a household setting.
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- 2020
19. Symptoms and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Among Children - Utah and Wisconsin, March-May 2020
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Tair Kiphibane, Sherry Yin, Mark Fajans, Michelle Banks, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Brandi Freeman, Hannah E. Reses, Daniel Owusu, Garrett Fox, Sean A Buono, Ryan P Westergaard, Alison M. Binder, Mary Pomeroy, Elizabeth M Rabold, Jacqueline E. Tate, Jared R. Rispens, Sandra Lester, Henry Njuguna, Cuc H. Tran, Michelle O'Hegarty, Ann Christiansen, Kim Christensen, Lindsey Page, Victoria T Chu, Christopher J. Gregory, Ashutosh Wadhwa, Lisa A. Mills, Hannah L Kirking, Rebecca J Chancey, Robyn Atkinson-Dunn, Lindsey M. Duca, Phillip P. Salvatore, Natalie J. Thornburg, Eric Pevzner, Dongni Ye, Trivikram Dasu, Elizabeth A. Dietrich, Patrick Dawson, Victoria L. Fields, Jeni Vuong, Angela Dunn, Alicia M. Fry, Erin E. Conners, Aron J. Hall, Scott A Nabity, Almea Matanock, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Rebecca L. Laws, Anna R Yousaf, Sarah Willardson, Katherine A. Battey, Ian W. Pray, Radhika Gharpure, and Perrine Marcenac
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Secondary infection ,Serology ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Wisconsin ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Utah ,Sore throat ,Medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,Child ,Aged ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Infant ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Limited data exist on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in children. We described infection rates and symptom profiles among pediatric household contacts of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019. METHODS: We enrolled individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 and their household contacts, assessed daily symptoms prospectively for 14 days, and obtained specimens for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and serology testing. Among pediatric contacts ( RESULTS: Among 58 households, 188 contacts were enrolled (120 adults; 68 children). Secondary infection rates for adults (30%) and children (28%) were similar. Among households with potential for transmission from children, child-to-adult transmission may have occurred in 2 of 10 (20%), and child-to-child transmission may have occurred in 1 of 6 (17%). Pediatric case patients most commonly reported headache (79%), sore throat (68%), and rhinorrhea (68%); symptoms had low positive predictive values, except measured fever (100%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 44% to 100%). Compared with symptomatic adults, children were less likely to report cough (odds ratio [OR]: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.57), loss of taste (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.74), and loss of smell (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.96) and more likely to report sore throat (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.04 to 11.18). CONCLUSIONS: Children and adults had similar secondary infection rates, but children generally had less frequent and severe symptoms. In two states early in the pandemic, we observed possible transmission from children in approximately one-fifth of households with potential to observe such transmission patterns.
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- 2020
20. A Prospective Cohort Study in Nonhospitalized Household Contacts With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Symptom Profiles and Symptom Change Over Time
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Perrine Marcenac, Ann Christiansen, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Ryan P. Westergaard, Sandra Lester, Tair Kiphibane, Garrett Fox, Elizabeth M Rabold, Jeni Vuong, Almea Matanock, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Sherry Yin, Alison M. Binder, Victoria T Chu, Henry Njuguna, Natalie J. Thornburg, Kim Christensen, Mary Pomeroy, Sean A Buono, Elizabeth A. Dietrich, Hannah E. Reses, Victoria L. Fields, Radhika Gharpure, Eric Pevzner, Phillip P. Salvatore, Aron J. Hall, Susan I. Gerber, Patrick Dawson, Dongni Ye, Lisa A. Mills, Jared R. Rispens, Scott A Nabity, Jacqueline E. Tate, Michelle O'Hegarty, Mark Fajans, Michelle Banks, Cuc H. Tran, Brandi Freeman, Rebecca J Chancey, Angela Dunn, Rebecca L. Laws, Alicia M. Fry, Erin E. Conners, Christopher J. Gregory, Ashutosh Wadhwa, Trivikram Dasu, Daniel Owusu, Hannah L Kirking, Lindsey M. Duca, Anna R Yousaf, and Ian W Pray
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Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,010102 general mathematics ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Asymptomatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Infection control ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,medicine.symptom ,Young adult ,Respiratory system ,business ,Prospective cohort study ,Contact tracing ,Coronavirus - Abstract
Background Improved understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spectrum of disease is essential for clinical and public health interventions. There are limited data on mild or asymptomatic infections, but recognition of these individuals is key as they contribute to viral transmission. We describe the symptom profiles from individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods From 22 March to 22 April 2020 in Wisconsin and Utah, we enrolled and prospectively observed 198 household contacts exposed to SARS-CoV-2. We collected and tested nasopharyngeal specimens by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) 2 or more times during a 14-day period. Contacts completed daily symptom diaries. We characterized symptom profiles on the date of first positive rRT-PCR test and described progression of symptoms over time. Results We identified 47 contacts, median age 24 (3–75) years, with detectable SARS-CoV-2 by rRT-PCR. The most commonly reported symptoms on the day of first positive rRT-PCR test were upper respiratory (n = 32 [68%]) and neurologic (n = 30 [64%]); fever was not commonly reported (n = 9 [19%]). Eight (17%) individuals were asymptomatic at the date of first positive rRT-PCR collection; 2 (4%) had preceding symptoms that resolved and 6 (13%) subsequently developed symptoms. Children less frequently reported lower respiratory symptoms (21%, 60%, and 69% for Conclusions Household contacts with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection reported mild symptoms. When assessed at a single timepoint, several contacts appeared to have asymptomatic infection; however, over time all developed symptoms. These findings are important to inform infection control, contact tracing, and community mitigation strategies.
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- 2020
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21. First 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States
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Rebecca Sunenshine, Diane Buell, Martin Fenstersheib, Christopher Shepherd, Margie Morgan, Cheri Grigg, Rebecca Fisher, Marc Fischer, Isaac Benowitz, Rebecca C. Woodruff, Isaac Ghinai, Brandon Bonin, John T. Watson, Kelly Lo, Shifaq Kamili, Olivia Almendares, Glenn E. Mathisen, Catherine M. Brown, Lynn Mello, Ruth N. Moro, Matthew Westercamp, Hannah L Kirking, Brian Rha, Sara Cody, Alison M. Binder, Moon Kim, Dawn Terashita, Sarah Scott, Joana Y Lively, Lauren Epstein, Holly M. Biggs, Shanon Smith, Timothy M. Uyeki, Jan King, Manisha Patel, Marielle J Fricchione, Aron J. Hall, Alicia P. Budd, Krista Queen, Vaughn Barry, Lindsay Kim, Kevin Chatham-Stephens, Kathleen Harriman, Francisco N Alvarez, Melissa A Rolfes, Mark A. Pallansch, Karen K. Wong, Anna R Yousaf, Jennifer P Collins, Graham Gerrard, Chelsea Foo, Ying Tao, Jennifer O'Shea, Miwako Kobayashi, Elizabeth Traub, Jeffrey D. Gunzenhauser, Megan J. Wallace, Heather Reese, Stephanie A Kujawski, Elsa Villarino, Azaibi Tamin, Olivia L McGovern, Keith Erickson, Xiaoyan Lu, Michelle Livingston, Lawrence C. Madoff, Hollianne Bruce, Glen R. Abedi, N Seema Ahmed, Oren Friedman, Matthew Zahn, Nora Chea, Susan Robinson, Matthew Donahue, Bryan Stierman, Thomas Haupt, Sarah Wilkerson, Rachel Bystritsky, Melissa M. Garcia, Sarah L. Rudman, Kayla N. Anderson, Jonathan Bryant-Genevier, Suxiang Tong, Victoria T Chu, Jennifer R. Verani, Jennifer C. Hunter, Mariel Marlow, Satish K. Pillai, Massimo Pacilli, Janell Routh, Amy Xie, Kiran Joshi, Anna Uehara, Howard Chiou, Vishal Dasari, Nancy McClung, Regina Sy-Santos, Jonathan M. Wortham, Michael Ben-Aderet, Patrick Dawson, Meredith Haddix, Gary I. Gutkin, Claire M Midgley, Sung-Sil Moon, Ahmet Tural, Jeremy A. Falk, Shannon A. Novosad, William V. Stoecker, Lindsey M. Duca, Janna Murray, Isabel Pedraza, Rachel Rubin, Michael A. Jhung, Michelle Holshue, Anna Kocharian, Amber K. Haynes, Romeo R. Galang, Gregory Marks, Traci DeSalvo, Jennifer L Harcourt, Karri Bartlett, Lijuan Wang, Jennifer E Layden, Alicia M. Fry, Mathew D. Esona, Erin E. Conners, Philip Robinson, George A. Diaz, Susa I. Gerber, George S Han, Suzanne Evans, Prabhu Gounder, Audrey Meier, Brian Lynch, Senthilkumar K. Sakthivel, Tiffany Wu, Jordan Cates, Talia Pindyck, Yan Li, Kenneth Komatsu, Stephanie R. Black, Mitali Mehta, Varun Shetty, Claire Jarashow, Brett Whitaker, Max W. Jacobs, E. Matt Charles, Scott Lindquist, Clinton R. Paden, Amanda Kita-Yarbro, Max Cohen, Sharon Balter, Talar Kamali, Heather J. Rhodes, Ethan A. Smith, Ruth Link-Gelles, Jing Zhang, Sajan Patel, Rachel Klos, Marie E Killerby, Grace M Vahey, Natalie J. Thornburg, Suzanne Donovan, Cora Hoover, Tristan D. McPherson, Aaron T. Curns, Nichole Quick, Sara E. Oliver, Demian Christiansen, Ram Koppaka, Jonathan Grein, Rekha Murthy, Leora R. Feldstein, Karlyn D. Beer, Jennifer Lo, Stephen Lindstrom, Lakshmi Malapati, and Ian W. Pray
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Viral culture ,business.industry ,Urine ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Virus ,Pneumonia ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Respiratory system ,business ,Coronavirus - Abstract
IntroductionMore than 93,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide. We describe the epidemiology, clinical course, and virologic characteristics of the first 12 U.S. patients with COVID-19.MethodsWe collected demographic, exposure, and clinical information from 12 patients confirmed by CDC during January 20–February 5, 2020 to have COVID-19. Respiratory, stool, serum, and urine specimens were submitted for SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR testing, virus culture, and whole genome sequencing.ResultsAmong the 12 patients, median age was 53 years (range: 21–68); 8 were male, 10 had traveled to China, and two were contacts of patients in this series. Commonly reported signs and symptoms at illness onset were fever (n=7) and cough (n=8). Seven patients were hospitalized with radiographic evidence of pneumonia and demonstrated clinical or laboratory signs of worsening during the second week of illness. Three were treated with the investigational antiviral remdesivir. All patients had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in respiratory specimens, typically for 2–3 weeks after illness onset, with lowest rRT-PCR Ct values often detected in the first week. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected after reported symptom resolution in seven patients. SARS-CoV-2 was cultured from respiratory specimens, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool from 7/10 patients.ConclusionsIn 12 patients with mild to moderately severe illness, SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viable virus were detected early, and prolonged RNA detection suggests the window for diagnosis is long. Hospitalized patients showed signs of worsening in the second week after illness onset.
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- 2020
22. Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States
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Hannah L Kirking, Demian Christiansen, Varun Shetty, Eva Leidman, Rachel M Burke, Marc J. C. Fischer, Sharon Balter, Megan T. Patel, Max W. Jacobs, Claire P. Mattison, Scott Lindquist, Jennifer C. Hunter, Rebecca Fisher, Alicia M. Fry, Hollianne Bruce, Aron J. Hall, Lynn Mello, Heather E. Reese, Rebecca Sunenshine, Matthew Westercamp, Grace M Vahey, Elizabeth Traub, Heather J. Rhodes, Mireille B. Ibrahim, Jennifer R. Verani, Mariel Marlow, Megan J. Wallace, Amanda Kita-Yarbro, Elizabeth Soda, Jonathan Bryant-Genevier, Victoria T Chu, Vance Kawakami, Misty Lang, Howard Chiou, Max Cohen, Janell Routh, Amy Xie, Nancy McClung, Patrick Dawson, Vishal Dasari, Ruth Link-Gelles, Rachel Klos, Melissa A. Rolfes, Kiran Joshi, Shannon A. Novosad, Holly M. Biggs, Claire M Midgley, Lindsey M. Duca, Tristan D. McPherson, Sarah L. Rudman, Miwako Kobayashi, Kristen Pettrone, Jonathan M. Wortham, Talar Kamali, Denny Russell, Leora R. Feldstein, Karlyn D. Beer, Shauna Clark, Jeffrey D. Gunzenhauser, Anna Kocharian, M. Claire Jarashow, Satish K. Pillai, Jeffrey S. Duchin, Rachel Rubin, Traci DeSalvo, Erin E. Conners, Thomas Haupt, Marty Fenstersheib, Jonathan W. Dyal, Christopher Spitters, Karri Bartlett, George Han, Nora Chea, Sarah Scott, Moon Kim, Chelsea Foo, Dawn Terashita, Cheri Grigg, Alissa Dratch, Isaac Ghinai, Jessica Gant, Sarah E. Smith-Jeffcoat, Stephen Lindstrom, Ian W. Pray, Matthew Zahn, Romesh Gautom, Matthew Donahue, Jordan Cates, Brandi Freeman-Ponder, Susan Robinson, Jennifer E. Layden, Prabhu Gounder, Michelle Holshue, Emily D. Barnes, Sara Cody, Vaughn Barry, Kevin Chatham-Stephens, Anna R Yousaf, Isaac Benowitz, and Bryan Stierman
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RNA viruses ,Male ,Viral Diseases ,Pulmonology ,Coronaviruses ,Epidemiology ,law.invention ,Medical Conditions ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Pandemic ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Public and Occupational Health ,Medical Personnel ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Transmission risks and rates ,Young adult ,Child ,Pathology and laboratory medicine ,Virus Testing ,Family Characteristics ,Multidisciplinary ,Transmission (medicine) ,Respiratory disease ,Medical microbiology ,Middle Aged ,Professions ,Infectious Diseases ,Viruses ,Engineering and Technology ,Medicine ,Female ,Safety Equipment ,Safety ,SARS CoV 2 ,Pathogens ,Anatomy ,United States ,COVID-19 ,Medical risk factors ,Respiratory infections ,Virus testing ,Medical personnel ,Safety equipment ,Coronavirus Infections ,Travel-Related Illness ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,SARS coronavirus ,Adolescent ,Isolation (health care) ,Health Personnel ,Science ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,030231 tropical medicine ,Equipment ,Microbiology ,Rapid detection ,Respiratory Disorders ,Betacoronavirus ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Internal medicine ,Quarantine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Aged ,Biology and life sciences ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Organisms ,Viral pathogens ,Covid 19 ,medicine.disease ,Microbial pathogens ,Medical Risk Factors ,Face ,People and Places ,Respiratory Infections ,Population Groupings ,Contact Tracing ,business ,Head ,Contact tracing - Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. In response to the first cases identified in the United States, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases were investigated to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in the United States were identified and monitored daily for development of symptoms (active monitoring). Selected close contacts (including those with exposures categorized as higher risk) were targeted for collection of additional exposure information and respiratory samples. Respiratory samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four hundred four close contacts were actively monitored in the jurisdictions that managed the travel-related cases. Three hundred thirty-eight of the 404 close contacts provided at least basic exposure information, of whom 159 close contacts had ≥1 set of respiratory samples collected and tested. Across all actively monitored close contacts, two additional symptomatic COVID-19 cases (i.e., secondary cases) were identified; both secondary cases were in spouses of travel-associated case patients. When considering only household members, all of whom had ≥1 respiratory sample tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate (i.e., the number of secondary cases as a proportion of total close contacts) was 13% (95% CI: 4-38%). The results from these contact tracing investigations suggest that household members, especially significant others, of COVID-19 cases are at highest risk of becoming infected. The importance of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers is also underlined. Isolation of persons with COVID-19, in combination with quarantine of exposed close contacts and practice of everyday preventive behaviors, is important to mitigate spread of COVID-19.
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- 2020
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