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Modern progress in photopharmocology calls for new generation of compounds joining bioactivity, photoswitchable properties and high selectivity of response to light wavelength. Introduced here, phosphonate-fullerene hybrids are the first representatives of such compounds. Phosphonate-fullerene hybrids were synthesized on a base of fullerene C

The effect of laser activation on butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by a series of phosphorylated arylaminomalonates with different substituents in the phenyl ring is demonstrated.

Herein, the synthesis, design, and the physicochemical characterization of phosphorus functionalized thiazolotriazole (PFT) compound are presented. The PFT tests on the biological activity revealed butyrylcholinesterase inhibition that was confirmed and explained with molecular docking studies. The pronounced reduction of optical density and biological activity was found as a result of irradiation of the PFT water solution with laser beam at wavelength 266 nm. The observed phenomenon was explained on the base of molecular dynamics, docking, and density functional theory modeling by the formation of PFT conformers via laser-induced phosphonate group twisting. The reorganization of the PFT geometry was found to be a reason of butyrylcholinesterase inhibition mechanism change and the site-specificity loss. These results demonstrate that PFT combines photoswitching and bioactive properties in one molecule that makes it promising as a molecular basis for the further design of bioactive substances with photosensitive properties based on the mechanism of the phosphonate group phototwisting.

Raman spectra of the different ecotoxicants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate acid, organotin compounds of different families tributyl-, and triphenyl-, as well as chemically close compounds belonging to the same family – such as mono-, di-, and tributyl organotin compounds were analyzed. The comprehensive Raman spectra analysis allowed suggesting the identification scheme for clear recognition of the toxins family and the following intra-group specification. Possibility of unambiguous toxins detection and identification was demonstrated also for complex mixtures of various toxins on a base of control of characteristic peak groups, which can be considered as Raman fingerprints of the listed environmentally hazardous substances.

The chapter discusses the different types of amperometric sensors based on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase for the analysis of neurotoxins. Analytical characteristics of sensors based on the manganese dioxide allow determining the neurotoxins in the nanomolar concentration range. The authors of this publication examined in detail the application of such sensors for monitoring of water samples. The data obtained indicates the presence of anatoxin A(s) in the analyzed samples. The study revealed the potential of the developed sensors to monitor the neurotoxic cyanobacteria at water “blooms”.

A method for the analysis of thiocholine, as well as of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and its inhibitors using thiol-sensitive thick-film sensors has been proposed. Sensor sensitivity to thiocholine was achieved by mediator layer of manganese dioxide formed on the working carbon electrode. The detection limit for BChE and its inhibitor diazinon was 1·10-10 M and 1·10-9 M, respectively. The developed method of analysis using a thiol-sensitive sensor chip was applied for rapid determination of anticholinesterase substances in natural waters and to control the incoming water mass at water intakes. In this case, the analysis was carried out on a "common" neurotoxicity, which may be the cause of unauthorized releases of relevant toxins or harmful blue-green algae. Studies of natural reservoirs show seasonal changes "common" neurotoxicity, which generally confirmed by biological observations. As a verification method for the analysis of natural water samples contained cyanotoxins and showed the presence of a "common neurotoxicity" the absence of phosphorus-organic and carbamate compounds of anthropogenic origin (pesticides, for example) also confirmed using high - performance liquid – chromatography – high-resolution -mass - spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) (LTQ Orbitrap, Thermo Finnigan).