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Abstract In the past years, scientific reports present statements of a specific trend of an increase in dental caries among the children all over the world. This condition is influenced, among the others, by dietary habits, such as presence or overload of sugars in the diet and improper oral hygiene habits. The increase of tooth decay in children under the age of six, resulting in severe teeth decay, corresponds to frequency of general anesthesia in the treatment of pediatric patients. Dental treatment is one of the most common causes of medication intake in children. Moreover, general anesthesia enables timely and effective comprehensive care, which is a crucial condition, especially in reference to patients with special treatment needs. The aim of the study This work aims to raise awareness that the knowledge of types and doses of medications used by anesthesiologists during general anesthesia and its importance in order to achieve and maintain a high-quality standard for patients undergoing dental procedures under the general anesthesia. Material and methods The authors reviewed the novel publications, relating to the topic of medications (general anesthetics) most commonly used in general anesthesia during dental procedures in children. Results The publication presents important information on general anesthesia and the characteristics of individual groups of drugs, considering the specific and characteristic substances used by anesthesiologists. Conclusion In the opinion of the authors, the presented work is a kind of compendium of knowledge in the field of anesthesiology for the dentists performing procedures under general anesthesia in children, as well as for the dentists preparing to perform such procedures and for the doctors who receive patients with special dental care needs (such as mentally retarded patients), whose treatment is possible only under general anesthesia. Key words: general anesthesia in children, anesthesiology, anesthetics, child dentistry