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In view of current COVID-19 pandemic scenario, uncertainties still remains around the role of domestic animals on COVID-19 epidemiology, this systematic review aims to present the scientific evidence available, so far, on dogs and cats epidemiological role in the COVID-19 pandemic. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses – PRISMA. Selected studies reports negative results of dogs and cats both in serological tests, for the detection of neutralizing antibodies, and in tests that investigated the presence of the SARS-CoV2 RNA. We verified the lack of national studies, which serves as a motivation for more research to be carried out in Brazil. In Brazil, in the animals tested, 5.4 and 6.2% of cats and dogs were positive, respectively. Few studies, so far, have been carried out with stray animals or animals belonging to shelters. This absence of broad conducted studies on animal interface enphasizes the need for more research with animals in vulnerable conditions, since they can contribute to the spread of the disease if they are confirmed as positive for SARS-COV-2. The compilation of data, through this systematic review of the literature, to date suggests that dogs and cats are not factors of viral spread to humans. However, further studies are still recommended.

The addition of essential oils (EO) as a natural preservative in dairy products and food matrices has been an alternative to synthetic preservatives. Clove EO (Syzygium aromaticum L.) is a potential possibility because it has therapeutic functions, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, as well as bioactive compounds. In this study, concentrations of S. aromaticum EO were added to a fermented milk drink and the effect on the conservation of the microbiological and physicochemical quality of the product during storage was evaluated. Headspace analysis identified four bioactive chemical compounds from the EO of S. aromaticum in the fermented milk drink, namely eugenol, β-Caryophyllene, α-Humelene and copaene. The microbiological and physicochemical stability parameters of the fermented milk beverage were maintained during storage, indicating that the EO of S. aromaticum contributed to the maintenance of the quality of the manufactured product. In conclusion, the addition of S. aromaticum EO at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 µL/mL in fermented milk drink helped to preserve the quality of the product in storage. In addition, the milk matrix does not interfere with the presence of bioactive chemical compounds in the oils.

Background and Aim: Broiler meat is susceptible to lipid oxidation due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially when stored for a long time. Concerning with that problem, we can add natural compounds to the animal feed, as the plant essential oils, which have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, and chemical composition of the meat of broilers fed with diets containing different essential oil, including lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and pedestrian tea (Lippia aff. rotundifolia). Materials and Methods: The experimental design used was a 4×4 factorial scheme (storage time×diets), and each treatment was repeated thrice. The treatments were applied as negative control (without antimicrobial); positive control (ration supplemented with 10 ppm of enramycin and 42 ppm of salinomycin), lemongrass (ration with 120 mg of essential oil of lemongrass for each kilogram of live weight of the animals), and pedestrian tea (ration with 120 mg of essential oil of pedestrian tea for each kilogram of live weight of the animals). Storage was performed after slaughter and evaluated monthly for 4 months. Results: The inclusion of lemongrass oil and pedestrian tea in the broiler diet did not change the ether extract content of the meat sample obtained from thigh and drumstick. The storage time promotes an increase in the moisture loss of the meat from the 2nd month in all treatments. There was an interaction between the additive and storage time for moisture loss. In the 2nd month of storage, the meat from broilers fed the antibiotic-containing feed had a lower moisture loss than those from broilers in the other treatment groups. The fatty acid profile did not differ statistically between the different treatment groups. The inclusion of additives in the food dropped the lipid oxidation at the 2nd month of storage. From the 3rd month, however, only the essential oils showed antioxidant effect. Conclusion: Antioxidant activity was positive for treatments that included essential oils. The lemongrass oil and pedestrian tea can be used as antioxidant additives in broiler diets to improve the oxidative stability of thigh-drumstick meat during storage. The results of the study suggest a good prospective for further research with profitability of usage essentials oils examined, for their economical application as feed components in broiler nutrition.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar identificar, rastrear enzimas de interesse biotecnologico, tracar o perfil de resistencia a antimicrobianos e verificar a atividade antagonista de microrganismos termotolerantes isolados em aquifero termal em Caldas Novas, Brasil. Para tal foram coletadas amostras de aguas profundas em tres pocos artesianos, inoculadas em agar nutriente e incubadas a 37°C durante 24 horas. Os isolados foram identificados ao nivel de especie por espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF. As especies identificadas foram submetidas ao screening enzimatico para amilase, celulase, gelatinase, caseinase, lipase e pectinase conforme metodologias padrao. O perfil de susceptibilidade das bacterias aos antimicrobianos foi realizado por disco difusao e a atividade antagonista foi avaliada frente a Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 e Staphilococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Foram obtidas quatro isolados identificados como Bacillus pumilus , Bacillus subtilis e dois Bacillus megaterium. Os isolados produziram caseinase e gelatinase e foram sensiveis a todos os antimicrobianos testados. Bacillus pumilus , Bacillus subtilis e B. megaterium 3207 exibiram atividade antagonista frente ao S. aureus . A atividade antagonista frente a cepa de S. aureus aqui encontrada abre uma perspectiva para futuros estudos de identificacao de metabolitos secundarios com potencial atividade antimicrobiana

To quantify amines in ingredients and in different types of feed and to verify spermine inclusion influence in polyamine levels at storage of experimental diets of broiler, ingredients to formulate diets and commercial starting and growth feeds and were purchased. Spermidine, spermine, putrescine, cadaverine, agmatine, tyramine and histamine were detected by ion pair high performance liquid chromatography in ingredients, commercial diets, control and 0.06 and 012% spermine included formulations. Bioactive amines levels were analysed weekly to initial and growth diets, respectively until 21st and 49th days of storage at 26 ± 3°C and 72% relative humidity. All amines were detected in commercial feed. Spermidine and spermine predominate in soybean, wheat and corn, and tyramine in meat and bone meal. To initial diets averages of cadaverine reduced significantly in day 21, except for 0.06% spermine inclusion; agmatine decreased (p

To evaluate the shaping ability of the single-file XP-endo Shaper system (XP-S; FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) employing a different working time and of the multiple-file ProTaper Next system (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) technology.Twenty long oval-shaped canals in mandibular incisors were matched anatomically and scanned by micro-CT (Skyscan 1172; Bruker micro-CT, Kontich, Belgium). The canals were divided into two groups (n = 10) according to the canal preparation protocol: XP-endo Shaper (XP-S) with an extra 45 s of instrumentation and ProTaper Next (PTN X4). The images recorded before and after preparation were evaluated for morphometric measures of volume, surface area, structure model index and untouched walls. The data were compared statistically (Student's t-test for homogenous variances and Mann-Whitney test) between the two groups (XP-S and PTN X4) at α = 5%.Root canal preparation significantly increased all parameters (volume, surface area, structure model index and untouched walls) tested in each group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference (P 0.05) in the percentage increase of volume (107.50%-93.13%), surface area (27.74%-29.68%) or untouched canal wall (13.08%-11.74%) between XP-S and PTN X4, respectively.The XP-endo Shaper system (single-file) with an extra 45 s of instrumentation and the ProTaper Next system (multiple files) had a similar root canal shaping ability. Neither technique was able to fully prepare the long oval-shaped canals of mandibular incisors.

Staphylococcus aureus e o patogeno mais ocorrente em mastite bovina. A resistencia a meticilina e preocupante em producao animal e aos carbapenemicos e ainda pouco descrita na literatura em relacao a esta bacteria. O objetivo deste estudo foi averiguar a frequencia de Staphylococcus aureus em mastite bovina subclinica em fazendas do norte de Minas e determinar a sensibilidade aos Beta-lactâmicos. Para isso, foi procedido o California Mastitis Test e coletadas amostras de leite dos tetos subclinicos. Realizou-se semeadura em agar sangue e identificacao microbiana por MALDI-TOF. Foi testada por difusao em disco a suscetibilidade dos Staphylococcus aureus aos antimicrobianos amoxacilina, oxacilina, ampicilina/sulbactam, cefoxitina, imipenem e meropenem. Como resultado, foram detectados 214 microrganismos, sendo Staphylococcus o genero mais frequente (N = 146) e, destes, 79 foram da especie aureus . Entre os Staphylococcus aureus , 30 (37,9%) isolados foram resistentes a cefoxitina e o restante (62,1%) sensivel ao farmaco. Ja no teste de sensibilidade a oxacilina, 29 (36,7%) foram resistentes. Quanto a amoxicilina, a resistencia foi de 27 (34,2%) e ao meropenem, de 9 (11,4%). Houve associacao significativa entre resistencia e fazenda de origem dos isolados.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of Kale leaves, as well as to quantify the levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids present in its aqueous extract, and the viability when added to a fermented milk drink. The leaves were subjected to four treatments: fresh crushed in a blender, fresh sprayed with liquid nitrogen, dried in an oven at 45°C for 72 hours and frozen. Antioxidant activity, concentration of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antimicrobial activity were determined. To prepare the dairy drink, the amounts of 5%, 10% and 15% of the dry extract of Kale leaves were added, as well as 15% of the dry extract with sorbate and the control treatment. Furthermore, it determined the antioxidant activity and the number of lactic acid bacteria in the drink. The dried and frozen leaves showed better antioxidant activity and, when compared to fresh powdered leaves, they did not differ in phenolic compounds, presenting the best contents. Fresh powdered leaves showed the highest flavonoid yield. The aqueous extracts of kale leaves did not show antibacterial activity against the studied microorganisms. The abstract did not show antioxidant capacity contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in kale subjected to different treatments.

The objective of this work is to report the pedagogical practices performed by preceptors of the classes of the Improvement Course for Obstetric Nurses by Rede Cegonha, developed for six years by the Anna Nery School of Nursing, in partnership with the Ministry of Health. From a qualitative approach, the experience and life of preceptorship is evidenced and from the testimonies of the course participants, in the various practice scenarios, the interpretative thematic inference is used for analysis. The results were the following pedagogical practices: Conversation circle – welcoming, bonding and knowledge of the realities experienced; Theory and guided practical simulation of themes selected by the participants in the classes - experiences in the construction of socialized knowledge; Care practice with direct contact with clients, family and community – critical reflective analysis of the care model in which they were inserted; and Closing meeting to consolidate the acquired knowledge – composition of initial ideas for the implementation of activities, experienced in a practical field, in the health units of origin. It is concluded that the diversified pedagogical practices allowed adaptation to the needs of each participant, as they do not restrict knowledge. This allowed them to be heard and exchange expectations of actions to change attitudes, aiming at reformulating the care model in obstetric care. The experiences resulting from socialized experiences in the group generate social and professional mobilization and impact. With this, it is understood that preceptorship contributed to qualitative and meaningful learning, highlighting experiences in respecting the other, as an individual of singularities and bearer of different realities. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer las praticas pedagógicas realizadas por los tutores de las clases del Curso de Perfeccionamiento de Enfermeros (los) Obstetras de Rede Cegonha, desarrollado durante seis años por la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery, en alianza con el Ministerio de la Salud. Desde un enfoque cualitativo se evidencia la experiencia y vida de la tutela y de los testimonios de los participantes del curso, en los distintos escenarios de práctica, se utiliza la inferencia temática interpretativa para el análisis. Los resultados fueron las siguientes prácticas pedagógicas: Círculo de conversación - acogida, vinculación y conocimiento de las realidades vividas; Simulación teórica y práctica guiada de temas seleccionados por los participantes en las clases - experiencias en la construcción del conocimiento socializado; Práctica asistencial con contacto directo con el cliente, la familia y la comunidad - análisis crítico reflexivo del modelo asistencial en el que se insertó; y Reunión de clausura para consolidar los conocimientos adquiridos - composición de ideas iniciales para la implementación de actividades, experimentadas en un campo práctico, en las unidades de salud de origen. Se concluye que las prácticas pedagógicas diversificadas permitieron adaptarse a las necesidades de cada participante, ya que no restringen el conocimiento. Esto les permitió hacerse escuchar e intercambiar expectativas de acciones para cambiar actitudes, con el objetivo de reformular el modelo de atención en la atención obstétrica. Las vivencias resultantes de las vivencias socializadas en el grupo generan movilización e impacto social y profesional. Con ello, se entiende que la tutela contribuyó al aprendizaje cualitativo y significativo, destacando las vivencias en el respeto al otro, como individuo de singularidades y portador de realidades distintas. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar as práticas pedagógicas realizadas pelos preceptores das turmas do Curso de Aprimoramento para Enfermeiras (os) Obstetras pela Rede Cegonha, desenvolvido durante seis anos pela Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery, em parceria com o Ministério da Saúde. Assim, através de abordagem qualitativa evidencia-se a experiência e da vivência da preceptoria e a partir dos depoimentos dos participantes do curso, nos diversos cenários de práticas e utiliza-se para análise a inferência temática interpretativa. Os resultados foram as seguintes práticas pedagógicas: Roda de conversa – acolhimento, formação de vínculo e o conhecimento das realidades vividas; Teoria e simulação prática dirigida de temas selecionados pelos participantes das turmas - experiências de construção de conhecimento socializado; Prática assistencial com o contato direto com as clientes, família e comunidade – análise crítica reflexiva do modelo assistencial que estavam inseridos; e Reunião de encerramento para consolidação dos conhecimentos adquiridos – composição de ideias iniciais para implantação das atividades, vivenciadas em campo prático, nas unidades de saúde de origem. Conclui-se que as práticas pedagógicas diversificadas permitiram adequação às necessidades de cada participante, pois não engessam o conhecimento. Isso possibilitou que eles pudessem ser ouvidos e trocassem expectativas de ações para mudanças de atitudes, visando à reformulação do modelo assistencial na atenção obstétrica. As experiências decorrentes das vivencias socializadas no grupo geram mobilização e impacto social e profissional. Com isso, entende-se que a preceptoria contribuiu para o aprendizado qualitativo e significativo, ressaltando experiências no respeito ao outro, enquanto indivíduo de singularidades e portador de diversas realidades.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Outra Agência Background and aim: The term ESKAPE, recognized by the WHO, is an acronym, which refers to the pathogens Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp., which is extremely virulent and multidrug-resistant. Although the term is used to designate nosocomial pathogens, in a milking environment, strains of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus have been isolated from cattle diagnosed with clinical and subclinical mastitis. Resistant strains may be involved in the transfer of genes conferring resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials among the species of microorganisms related to mastitis etiology. This study aimed to trace the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of susceptibility to beta-lactams in S. aureus isolated from milk of cattle diagnosed with subclinical mastitis obtained from different rural properties located in the North of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Materials and methods: Sixteen microorganisms previously identified as S. aureus isolated from milk of cattle diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were submitted to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), mass spectrometry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for microbial species confirmation. The S. aureus beta-lactams antimicrobial phenotypic resistance profile was investigated by disk diffusion method. PCR methods were also performed to investigate the S. aureus genotypic beta-lactams resistance profile. For this purpose, bla Z, mec A, mec ALGA251, bla Oxa23, and bla KPC genes were screened among S. aureus isolates. The genetic diversity of S. aureus by fingerprint random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was also performed in this study. Results: All isolates showed phenotypic resistance to at least three beta-lactams, among which was meropenem. None of the isolates tested positive for the genes mec ALGA251, bla Oxa23, and bla KPC; however, the presence of the genes bla Z and mecA was detected among the isolates. The fingerprint analysis divided isolates into two distinct groups and 15 different subgroups. Despite the presence of clonality among the isolates, the PCR-RAPD analysis unveiled a heterogeneous profile with genetic diversity among the S. aureus isolates. Conclusion: In this study, we identified beta-lactams resistant S. aureus strains isolated from the milk of cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. The S. aureus beta-lactams resistance was investigated using a phenotypic and genotypic approach. We believe that molecular epidemiology, improved knowledge, and genetic basis of resistance to beta-lactams might assist in asserting guidelines for better management practices of dealing with subclinical mastitis and mapping of origin of resistant pathogens in the studied Brazilian area.

Outra Agência Exposure to animal feces contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms poses a risk to human health. The presence of fungi and yeasts in environments is related to adverse effects on respiratory health. An objective approach to mitigating possible health effects due to exposure to fungi and yeasts in closed environments is dificult due to the lack of guidelines. The aim of this work was, to identify and characterize microorganisms of medical importance isolated from pigeon feces collected on roof tiles of a university building and also to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the study area. Excrement sampling points were established, and the microorganisms were identiied by standard biochemical and microbiological methods followed by MALDI-TOF proteomics for identiication at the species level. Microbial identiication revealed the presence of medically important microorganisms in the samples analyzed, namely the fungi Candida krusei, Candida rugosa, Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichosporon asahii and bacterium Klebsiela pneumoniae. The results obtained demonstrated the need for the development of methods that help mitigate risks to human health due to exposure to pathogenic agents in environments such as that studied. A exposição humana a fezes de animais contaminados com microrganismos patogênicos representa um risco para a saúde. A presença de fungos e leveduras em ambientes está relacionada a efeitos adversos na saúde respiratória. A abordagem objetiva para a mitigação de possíveis efeitos à saúde devido à exposição a fungos e leveduras em ambientes fechados é difícil devido à falta de diretrizes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as condições higiênico-sanitárias, identiicar e caracterizar microorganismos de importância médica isolados de fezes de pombos coletadas na laje de um telhado de um prédio público. Para tais pontos, a coleta de excrementos foi estabelecida e os microrganismos foram identiicados por métodos bioquímicos e microbiológicos padronizados, seguidos da abordagem proteômica de MALDI-TOF para a identiicação do nível de espécie. Os resultados da identiicação microbiana revelaram a presença de microrganismos de importância médica nas amostras analisadas, a saber: Candida krusei, Candida rugosa, Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Trichosporon asahii. Os resultados encontrados revelam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de metodologias que permitam mitigar os riscos à saúde humana devido à exposição a agentes patogênicos no ambiente examinado.

Previous studies have shown that the clove essential oil concentration of 200 mg/kg did not present toxicity and histopathological changes in the liver. Based on the evidence presented in this study, we decided to evaluate in vivo the ability of a previously developed fermented dairy beverage, tested only in vitro, in which the standard chemical preservative, potassium sorbate, was replaced by clove essential oil (2 μl/ml), to be a functional food. To this end, twenty-four male Swiss mice were divided into three groups and submitted insulin sensitivity (IST) and glucose tolerance (GTT) testing, evaluation of physiological and biochemical parameters, histopathological analysis and quantification of the expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver, after administering daily of the fermented dairy beverage with or without clove essential oil by gavage during 30 days. The group that received the fermented dairy beverage with clove essential oil showed a lower glycemic level in GTT, a higher sensitivity to insulin and a higher glucose decay constant rate (Kitt), with relation to the other groups. In the evaluation of physiological parameters there were no signs of toxicity in the mice during the experimental period. The biochemical parameters, histopathological analysis and expression of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory (IL1β, IL6 e TNFα) cytokines in the liver of the mice, was not significantly affected by the treatment. These results corroborated by bioinformatics analysis demonstrate that the fermented dairy beverage with clove essential oil it can function as a substitute for conventional chemical preservatives and reduce glycemic levels. Estudios previos han demostrado que la concentración de aceite esencial de clavo de 200 mg / kg no presenta toxicidad y cambios histopatológicos en el hígado. Con base en la evidencia encontrada en este estudio, decidimos evaluar in vivo la capacidad de una bebida láctea fermentada desarrollada previamente, probada solo in vitro, en la que el conservante químico estándar, sorbato de potasio, fue reemplazado por aceite esencial de clavo (2 μl / ml), para ser un alimento funcional. Con este fin, veinticuatro ratones suizos se dividieron en tres grupos y se sometieron a pruebas de sensibilidad a la insulina (ITS) y tolerancia a la glucosa (GTT), evaluación de parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicos, análisis histopatológico y cuantificación de la expresión de antiinflamatorios y pro- citocinas -inflamatorias normativas, después de la administración después de la administración administración de bebida láctea fermentada con o sin aceite esencial de clavo por sonda durante 30 días. El grupo que bebió la leche italiana fermentado con aceite esencial de clavo presentó menor nivel de glucemia en el GTT, mayor sensibilidad a la insulina y mayor tasa constante de desintegración de glucosa (Kitt), en relación a los otros grupos. En la evaluación de los parámetros fisiológicos, no hubo evidencia de toxicidad en los ratones durante el período experimental. Parámetros bioquímicos, análisis histopatológico y expresión de citocinas antiinflamatorias (IL-10) y proinflamatorias (IL1β, IL6 y TNFα) en el hígado de ratones no afectados por el tratamiento. Estos resultados corroborados por análisis bioinformáticos demuestran que la bebida láctea fermentada con aceite esencial de clavo puede actuar como sustituto de los conservantes químicos convencionales y reducir los niveles glucémicos. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que o óleo essencial de cravo da índia na concentração de 200 mg/kg não apresentou toxicidade e alterações histopatológicas no fígado. Com base nas evidências apresentadas neste estudo, decidimos avaliar in vivo a capacidade de uma bebida láctea fermentada desenvolvida e testada anteriormente apenas in vitro, na qual o conservante químico padrão, sorbato de potássio, foi substituído por óleo essencial de cravo (2 μl / ml), para ser um alimento funcional. Para isso, vinte e quatro camundongos Swiss machos foram divididos em três grupos e submetidos a testes de sensibilidade à insulina (TSI) e tolerância à glicose (TTG), avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos, análise histopatológica e quantificação da expressão de antiinflamatórios e pró-citocinas inflamatórias no fígado, após administração diária da bebida láctea fermentada com ou sem óleo essencial de cravo da índia por gavagem durante 30 dias. O grupo que recebeu a bebida láctea fermentada com esse óleo essencial apresentou menor nível glicêmico no TTG, maior sensibilidade à insulina e maior taxa constante de decaimento da glicose (Kitt), em relação aos demais grupos. Na avaliação dos parâmetros fisiológicos não houve indícios de toxicidade nos camundongos durante o período experimental. Os parâmetros bioquímicos, a análise histopatológica e a expressão das citocinas antiinflamatórias (IL-10) e pró-inflamatórias (IL1β, IL6 e TNFα) no fígado dos camundongos não foram significativamente afetados pelo tratamento. Esses resultados corroborados por análises de bioinformática demonstram que a bebida láctea fermentada com óleo essencial de cravo da india pode funcionar como substituto dos conservantes químicos convencionais e reduzir os níveis glicêmicos.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana e antibiofilme do óleo essencial de cravo-da-índia (Syzygium aromaticum) microencapsulado e não microencapsulado sobre linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus multirresistentes. A atividade antibacteriana foi realizada pelas técnicas de difusão de disco e de microdiluição em caldo para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e da Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) do óleo essencial. Para a atividade antibiofilme, utilizaram-se as linhagens de S. aureus que foram sensíveis a ação do óleo essencial. Cinco isolados foram sensíveis a ação do óleo essencial pelo teste de difusão em disco cuja CIM foi de 10 μL.mL-1 e a CBM de 20 μL.mL-1. Destas cinco, quatro foram capazes de formar biofilme com adesão superior a 107 UFC cm-2. O óleo microencapsulado apresentou melhor efeito antibiofilme com redução de cerca de 2 log UFC.cm-2 nos S. aureus multirresistentes analisadas, e o não microencapsulado reduziu aproximadamente 1,1 log UFC.cm², demonstrado a maior eficiência do óleo com microencapsulação. O uso de óleo essencial de Syzygium aromaticum microencapsulado poderia servir com uma alternativa promissora no controle de bactérias multirresistentes e formadoras de biofilmes em superfícies de aço inoxidável apresentando algumas vantagens em comparação com o utilizado em sua forma original, principalmente no que diz respeito ao transporte, preservação do conteúdo, manipulação e utilização em matrizes alimentares.

INTRODUCTION: Contaminated hospital environments contribute to the transmission of microorganisms associated with healthcare. Contaminated surfaces handled by patients or healthcare professionals are a source of microorganism transmission by hand. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus bacteria are among the main agents responsible for increasing healthcare-associated infections in Brazil and worldwide. METHODS: The objective of this study was to screen and characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. on surfaces near patients in an intensive care unit. Microbiological samples, collected from ten beds in an intensive care unit with five sampling sites, were inoculated into a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus chromogenic medium. MALDI-TOF and PCR analyses were used to identify the bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion test. The presence of the mecA gene was investigated using PCR. RESULTS: We observed that 44 out of the 50 sampling sites presented grown isolates in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus medium. The incidence of isolated microorganisms on the right side rail, left side rail, tables, infusion pump keypad, and cardiac monitor were 18.8 %, 36.7 %, 10.9 %, 2.4 %, and 31 %, respectively. The 42 isolates included in this study were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. All of these microorganisms were multidrug-resistant and mecA gene-positive. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the presence of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus on the beds of an intensive care unit, providing evidence for the necessity of assertive actions to decrease the risk of healthcare-associated infections at the site.

This study aimed to verify the action of bioactive compounds from Brazilian plants on the leader genes involved in the SARS-CoV-2 pathway. The main human genes involved were identified in GeneCards and UNIPROT platforms, and an interaction network between leader genes was established in the STRING database. To design chemo-biology interactome networks and elucidate the interplay between genes related to the disease and bioactive plant compounds, the metasearch engine STITCH 3.1 was used. The analysis revealed that SMAD3 and CASP3 genes are leader genes, suggesting that the mechanism of action of the virus on host cells is associated with the molecular effects of these genes. Furthermore, the bioactive plant compounds, such as ascorbate, benzoquinone, ellagic acid, and resveratrol was identified as a promising adjuvant for the treatment inhibiting CASP3-mediated apoptosis. Bioactive plant compounds were verified as the main pathways enriched with KEGG and related to viral infection, assessments/immune/infections, and cell proliferation, which are potentially used for respiratory viral infections. The best-ranked molecule docked in the CASP3 binding site was rutin, while the SMAD3 binding site was resveratrol. In conclusion, this work identified several bioactive compounds from Brazilian plants showing potential antiviral functions that can directly or indirectly inhibit the new coronavirus.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Staphylococcus aureus é o patógeno mais ocorrente em mastite bovina. A resistência a meticilina é preocupante em produção animal e aos carbapenêmicos é ainda pouco descrita na literatura em relação a esta bactéria. O objetivo deste estudo foi averiguar a frequência de Staphylococcus aureusem mastite bovina subclínica em fazendas do norte de Minas e determinar a sensibilidade aos Beta-lactâmicos. Para isso, foi procedido o California Mastitis Teste coletadas amostras de leite dos tetos subclínicos. Realizou-se semeadura em ágar sangue e identificação microbiana por MALDI-TOF. Foi testada por difusão em disco a suscetibilidade dos Staphylococcus aureus aos antimicrobianos amoxacilina, oxacilina, ampicilina/sulbactam, cefoxitina, imipenem e meropenem. Como resultado, foram detectados 214 microrganismos, sendo Staphylococcus o gênero mais frequente (N = 146) e, destes, 79 foram da espécie aureus. Entre os Staphylococcus aureus, 30 (37,9%) isolados foram resistentes a cefoxitina e o restante (62,1%) sensível ao fármaco. Já no teste de sensibilidade a oxacilina, 29 (36,7%) foram resistentes. Quanto a amoxicilina, a resistência foi de 27 (34,2%) e ao meropenem, de 9 (11,4%). Houve associação significativa entre resistência e fazenda de origem dosisolados. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in bovine mastitis. Resistance to methicillin is of concern in animal production and carbapenems are still poorly described in the literature in relation to this bacterium. The aim of this study wasto investigate the frequency of Staphylococcus aureusin subclinical bovine mastitis in farms in the north of Minas Gerais and to determine the sensitivity to beta-lactams. For this, the California Mastitis Test was performed and milk samples were collected from subclinical teats. It was performed sown on blood agar and the nmicrobial identification by MALDI-TOF. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to the antimicrobials amoxacillin, oxacillin, ampicillin / sulbactam, cefoxitin, imipenem and meropenem was tested by disk diffusion. As aresult,214 microorganisms were detected, with Staphylococcus being the most frequent genus (N = 146) and, of these, 79 were of the aureus species. Among Staphylococcus aureus, 30 (37.9%) isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and the rest (62.1%) sensitive to thedrug. In relation to oxacillin sensitivity test,29 (36.7%) were resistant. There were amoxicillinresistance in27isolates(34.2%)andmeropenemresistancein9 (11.4%). There was a significant association between resistance and farm of origin of the isolates.

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Pigeon droppings carry microorganisms such as Candida spp., which have high genetic variability and are the most common opportunistic pathogens in humans. There is a need to establish fast, reliable and simple laboratory methods to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic yeast species in pigeon droppings, as they can be a source of contamination for humans. We examined yeasts isolated from domestic pigeon droppings through a proteomic approach using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI-TOF). We also examined genetic characteristics of the isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) PCR and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences PCR methods. Five colonies isolated from domestic pigeon droppings collected at three different sampling locations on the roof of a Brazilian university building were identified as Candida krusei and Candida rugosa by MALDI-TOF. Phylogenetic studies using the two PCR-based molecular methods were able to differentiate the species C. krusei and C. rugosa into different groups. These genomic methods gave similar results and proved useful for genetic diversity analysis and interspecific differentiation of Candida isolates.

O uso de aditivos em dietas para leitões desmamados na suinocultura industrial tem como intuito diminuir o uso de antimicrobianos na produção suinícola, além de melhorar a saúde intestinal e desempenho produtivo dos animais. Portanto, neste estudo teve-se como objetivo elaborar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais aditivos utilizados em dietas para leitões na fase de creche. Os aditivos atuam como probióticos e prebióticos, sendo estes essenciais na fase de creche devido aos desafios sanitários que os animais são submetidos, visto que promovem benefícios para a saúde dos animais. O sucesso na utilização dos aditivos na fase de creche está relacionado com a dosagem a ser utilizada e principalmente com o nível de desafio sanitário ao qual os animais são expostos. Alguns resultados de pesquisas nessa área indicam que os aditivos são mais eficientes em animais mais desafiados, o que justifica a variabilidade de resultados encontrados na literatura. Alguns estudos demonstram que o mecanismo de ação dos aditivos pode reduzir o uso de antimicrobianos nas dietas de leitões em fase de creche, além de agregar melhores resultados de desempenho zootécnico. De acordo com a revisão realizada, conclui-se que a utilização de aditivos em dietas de leitões em período de creche, pode garantir melhores índices produtivos dos animais, além de se apresentarem como boas alternativas frente ao uso de antibióticos. The use of additives in diets for weaned piglets in industrial pig farming aims to reduce the use of antibiotics in this production, besides improving intestinal health and animal’s performance. Therefore, this study aimed to elaborate a bibliographic review on the main additives used in diets for piglets in the nursery phase. The additives acts as pro and prebiotics, which are essential in the nursery phase due to the health challenges that the animals are exposed, since they promote some health benefits for the animals. The success in the use of additives in the nursery phase is related to the dosage to be used and mainly to the challenges levels to which the animals are exposed. Some Research results in this area indicate that additives are more efficient in more challenged animals, which justifies the variability of results found in the literature. Other studies demonstrate that the additives action mechanism can reduce the use of antibiotic in the piglet’s diets in the nursery phase, in addition to adding better performance results regarding weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion. According to the review carried out, it is concluded that the use of additives in piglets diets during the nursing period, can improve productive indexes of the animals, in addition to being taught as alternatives to the use of antibiotic.

This study aimed to investigate, in oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCC), the antineoplastic effect of Apis mellifera honey produced from Aroeira and wildflower, in the region of Jequitinhonha River Valley, Brazil. Furthermore, we investigate the molecular mechanism of honey performance through bioinformatic analysis. Honey and OSCC-related gene list were screened using GeneCards. The online tool STRING was used to identify the potential interaction networks of protein products of these genes. The genes with the highest weighted number of links (WNL) were called leader genes. GO and KEGG pathway analysis was performed to classify the genes. We use a search tool STITCH for interactions of chemicals-proteins. The chemical characterization of honey and its antiproliferative and antimigratory effects in SCC-9 cell lines was evaluated in vitro. The analysis of the interaction network obtained from the STRING database indicated by the following leader genes: TNF, IL6 and HDAC1. GO analysis for the honey, and OSCC-related proteins revealed that leader genes-regulated cancers genes were markedly enriched in some functions. Through the chemical characterization, the bioactive classes: steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins were identified. Polyphenols act in activating CASP3 and TP53 and inhibit the action of DNMT1. The honey produced from Aroeira and wildflower reduced proliferative phenotype and migration of OSCC cells. Key words: Aroeira honey, Myracrodruon urundeuva, wild honey, Apis mellifera, therapeutic, Jequitinhonha River Valley.

We conducted an in silico analysis to search for important genes in the pathogenesis of Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL), with prospects for use in formulating effective vaccines against this disease. For this, we performed a survey of proteins expressed by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, using protein sequences collected from the NCBI GenPept database and the keywords "caseous lymphadenitis" and "Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis" and "goats". A network was developed using the STRING 10 database, with a confidence score of 0.900. For every gene interaction identified, we summed the interaction score of each gene, generating a combined association score to obtain a single score named weighted number of links (WNL). Genes with the highest WNL were named "leader genes". Ontological analysis was extracted from the STRING database through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. A search in the GenPept database revealed 2,124 proteins. By using and plotting with STRING 10, we then developed an in silico network model comprised of 1,243 genes/proteins interconnecting through 3,330 interactions. The highest WNL values were identified in the rplB gene, which was named the leader gene. Our ontological analysis shows that this protein acts effectively mainly on Metabolic pathways and Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In conclusion, the in silico analyses showed that rplB has good potential for vaccine development. However, functional assays are needed to make sure that this protein can potentially induce both humoral and cellular immune responses against C. pseudotuberculosis in goats.