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Introduction. In the changing socio-economic conditions, the problem of advertising for children, using a child’s image, the impact of advertising on children’s food consumption and the consequences for their health, has not been sufficiently studied. The choice of unhealthy foods has public health implications, increasing the risks of developing noncommunicable diseases. The use of children’s images in advertising is of concern to specialists in the field of preserving the health of children, since the peculiarities of development and imperfection of legislation in the field of advertising make adolescents vulnerable to the effects of advertising promotion of food. The aim of the study was a qualitative and quantitative analysis of food and beverages advertising intended for children and adolescents on Russian television, and an assessment of the impact of television advertising with the participation of children on the consumer. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study of food and beverages advertising for children, broadcast on TNT’s Carousel channel (sample of 513 ads), was conducted. To assess the impact of advertising on the potential ability of the consumer to purchase the advertised product, a random sample of undergraduate students was selected. Results. In 36.7% of the analyzed advertisements appeared products with excessive sugar content, chips, fast food. Conclusion. On children’s television channels, more than half of the commercials promote food products that are not actually products of the daily diet of kid food, which creates distorted ideas about rational nutrition among children’s audiences. In 24.5% of commercials with the participation of children, there is false information about products containing sugar and rich in trans fats.

BACKGROUND: Environmental pollution is increasingly becoming a problem and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. Therefore, it is important to monitor the element status of the population. AIM: To determine the elements in residents hairs of Simferopol city, Republic of Crimea. MATERIAL ANS METHODS: Twenty-eight elements were determined using the instrumental neutron activation method. The mercury content was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry in 80 hair samples of healthy 1720-year-old Simferopol residents (34 males and 46 females). The concentration coefficients were calculated, and the geochemical rows were plotted based on comparison with the published data from other regions.. RESULTS: The median values of the hair element content were found to be within the reference ranges for 25 out of 29 chemical elements. Excess Br and Ba were found in most residents, which could be due to the geochemical conditions. Significant sex differences in the content of Na, Ca, and Sb could be associated with differences in diet, lifestyle, and other gender-associated factors. Comparison of the geochemical elemental rows for Simferopol residents with other territories of Crimea and Krasnodar suggests a greater intake of Co, Na, Fe, and As in urban residents (Crimea) compared to Krasnodar, and in comparison with other territories of a peninsula Hg, Ag, and Zn. CONCLUSION: Although most of the elements were within reference ranges in Simferopol residents, the anthropogenic load has increased recently, along with our previously established physiological effects of toxic metals, demonstrating the need for further biomonitoring studies.

We found mistakes in the article "Element content in human hair of residents from Simferopol city" published in the "Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)" journal (volume 29, issue 6, doi: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco90984) by E.V. Evstafieva and co-authors. Table 1 incorrectly indicates references in the column "Comparison range limits". The authors team and the editorial board of the journal are sure that the mistakes could not significantly affect the perception and interpretation of the published work by readers, and should not become the reason for retraction. The publisher made changes to the electronic version of the published article and re-published it on the journal's website instead of the version with errors. The authors team and the editorial board apologize to the readers for the mistakes made.

There is a lactic acid formation followed by milk casein coagulation in the fermented dairy products obtained by fermentation. A man observes the metabolic activity of microorganisms during fermentation. Decomposition and synthesis reactions accompany the vital activity process of microorganisms leading to significant changes in the culture medium. It gives the products produced the specified rheological, organoleptic and required functional properties. The priority direction of the dairy production evolvement is the development of products with regulated technological processes. The article considers the phase-dynamic acid accumulation process possibility in dairy products, namely, by the example of yogurt with fat mass fraction of 2.5% during the fermentation period. The researchers modeled changes regression dependences in the rate and acceleration of the acid accumulation process during fermentation using the MathCAD computer mathematical system. A man specified the acid accumulation phases in the studied object by experimental and analytical studies: the active phase – in the first 6 hours of fermentation; the passive phase – from 6 to 10 hours. The acidity growth rate is proportional to the number of lactic acid bacteria. Initially, the increase in acidity occurred according to the exponential law; then, the increase began to slow down as the nutrient content (lactose) decreased and the concentration of microbial waste products increased; and assumed the maximum value eventually. The phase-dynamic portrait of acid accumulation in fermented milk products enables to quantify the separate influence of the microorganism reproduction and its inactivation effects on the acidity growth process.

Philosophical understanding of the economy and economics is not the main, but significant topic of the reflections of Russian religious philosophers. It is important to trace the specifics of the formation of the Russian view on the economy and economics, on the basic principles of the economic systems’ structure (among which we can single out capitalism and socialism), since the interpretation of Russian thinkers, including N. А. Berdyaev, cannot be included in the mainstream of Western economic thought. The article examines the criticism of capitalism and socialism in the post-revolutionary works of Nikolai Berdyaev, highlights the key contradictions of the two basic principles of economic organization with the post-revolutionary views of the thinker, which were significantly strengthened after the revolutionary events of 1917; these views can be conditionally called socialist-personalistic. Inheriting the tradition of Russian thought, Berdyaev unequivocally rejects the capitalist principles (in many respects this attitude was formed by the period of his legal Marxism), while he assesses socialist concepts ambiguously, with a certain amount of sympathy for the very socialist formulation of the problem of justice and the fight against “slavery”, exploitation of a man by a man. The article indicates the main line of criticism of Christian socialism by Berdyaev, and also describes his preferred variant of socialism, that he called “social personalism”.

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a method that produces microscopic imaging of a lung tissue during bronchoscopy. We report a case ot a patient with negative nasopharyngeal swabs and suspected lung cancer who underwent pCLE. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by PCR analyses of lavage fluid and transbrohial biopsy. The pCLE image shows density of alveolar thickened fibres, disorganization of elastin network, and multiple large drops of intraalveolar secretions. As far as we know, this is the first pCLE image discribed in patient with COVID-19 at that moment.

In this work, we showed that aquacobalamin (H2OCbl) undergoes decomposition in the presence of glucose oxidase and glucose under aerobic conditions at pH 6.3. This process is contributed by two reactions performed by glucose oxidase, i.e. (i) H2OCbl transformation to cob(II)alamin in the course of the reaction with reduced form of glucose oxidase, and (ii) hydrogen peroxide generation. Further reaction between cob(II)alamin and H2O2 results in macrocycle destruction. Although the reaction between H2OCbl and reduced glucose oxidase is slow, it is accelerated by several phenols and 1,4-benzoquinone. The most pronounced effect of 1,4-benzoquinone and hydroquinone can be explained by the formation of complexes with reduced glucose oxidase, which are more reactive toward H2OCbl than initial reduced glucose oxidase. 1,4-benzoquinone accelerates H2OCbl decomposition in glucose oxidase/glucose system as well.

In order to study the performance, cycling stability and safety of electrochemical storage devices, various characterisation methods are applied. Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR enables ex situ studies of electrochemical reactions with high resolution. In the present work, we follow the changes that occur in the MAS NMR spectra of lithiated graphitic materials after storage. The measuring time has been significantly shortened by using fine-grained graphitic material with 65% 13C-isotope enrichment. Our results show that for 13C graphitic electrode material with a low lithiation degree, visible changes in the 13C NMR spectra are observed already in few hours, whereas the samples with a higher lithiation degree demonstrated greater stability even after several days. We analyzed the deintercalation behavior in these materials using 7Li MAS NMR and oxidation processes using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During storage Li ions migrate to the other interlayers (redistribution), large pores and to the surface, where interaction with air takes place. Effects of charge transfer from Li to graphite across four graphitic layers guarantees that 13C NMR spectra are less affected by these effects. The key finding is that special care has to be paid to the ex situ characterisation of electrochemically prepared graphitized materials.

We report the MoS2/graphene coupling as the result of the decomposition of a mixture of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and graphene oxide in thermal shock conditions. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the temperature of 400 °C is sufficient for the formation of MoS2 crystallites. High-resolution electron microscopy detected that nanoscale MoS2 crystallites are oriented along or perpendicular to the graphene surface or they are incorporated between the graphene layers. Electron energy loss C K-edge spectra confirmed a firm bonding between the components. Used as the electrodes of Li-ion batteries, the materials were able to sustain a specific capacity of 564 mAhg−1 at a current density of 10 Ag–1 with gradual growth of the capacity up to ∼1730 mAhg−1 during next 425 operation cycles at 0.1 Ag–1. Our study revealed that rapid decomposition of the precursors creates defects in the graphene and MoS2 layers, short synthesis time enables the formation of few-layer MoS2 nanosheets, and high pressure, developed in the reactor, leads to covalent bonding between the components. These structural features ensure many sites for the adsorption of Li ions, fast transport of the ions, and high stability of the electrode during long-term operation of the battery.

Introduction. Universities start their education in their associated pre-universities using University principles of education and modern technologies. The study of the impact of specialized medical training on senior high school students, and the justification of approaches to the hygienic assessment of modern technologies for their specialized training is relevant. Material and methods. The study based on the pre-University of Sechenov University, attended by 181 students aged 15-17 years. The assessment of the psychophysiological status of students was performed using specialized questionnaires (Klimov, Kettel, Schulte, Munsterberg, Spielberg-Hannin, SAN). Physiological methods included the assessment of indices: CFFF, RBD, tremorometry. Results. Specialized medical training exceeds the weekly training load-38-40 hours. Individual project activities are allocated 20 hours per week. Simulation classes are held once a week for 90 minutes with a 5-minute break in the middle. The schedule of classes corresponds to the physiological performance curve. The duration of homework exceeds hygiene standards in 69.2% of students. Among the students, only one in four has a tendency to work in the “person – to-person” system. Mental performance, indices of CSCM, RDO of students in the dynamics of the school day are stable. Indices of tremorometry in simulation classes are stable and indicate a good state of coordination capabilities of the hands. In simulation activities, 53.5% of students have higher-than-average activity, which is 1.4 times more than in a traditional lesson. All students are characterized by a high level of anxiety in all types of educational activities. Conclusion. Training using design and research, digital, simulation, and phantom technologies is adequate to the physiological capabilities of the body of students and can be recommended for the use in medical profile training. Hygienic examination of technologies of profile training of pupils should be based on a comprehensive approach, including assessment of psychophysiological status of students, and also indices of a psychofunctional state students during the lessons.

We present a study of structural features of diamond coatings prepared by chemical vapor deposition from a hydrogen/methane mixture activated by a microwave discharge using a high-speed jet to transport the mixture to molybdenum substrates heated up to 525 °C, 690 °C, and 1000 °C. The influence of the substrate temperature on morphology, composition, and structure of diamond coatings are studied by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure. The diamond crystals enlarge in size, their density on the substrate increases, while the quality and the crystal surface purity are enhanced as a result of temperature increase.

The article presents the results of studying inscribed and dated objects of applied art of the 16th–17th century from the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg. The subject of the research is the set of church plates from the monasteries of the Dormition of Our Lady and the Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple in Tikhvin and the precious tsata from the Tikhvin icon of the Mother of God (Stockholmskaya) from the Tikhvin Cathedral of the Transfiguration. In 1928, the items were given to the State Russian Museum from the department of ecclesiastical property of the State Museum fund. The majority of these items were made in the Moscow workshops. The study provided an opportunity to identify the items fabricated by Tikhvin silversmiths. The authors analyze the iconography, style, structural and technical features of a number of art works including liturgical vessels, a church lamp and several altar Gospels. The study substantiates new attributions of the chalice and the church lamp from the Cathedral of Dormition of Our Lady. Attention is given to the inscriptions on the items. The authors examine the specifics of the forms of inscriptions and cite new data on the donors such as Ivan Nikitich Romanov, Ivan Ivanovich Shuiskii and the Mikhalkov family.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a perfect host for the formation of one-dimensional phosphorus structures and to obtain hybrid materials with a large P-C ratio. This work presents a procedure for high-yield phosphorus filling of commercial Tuball SWCNTs and efficient removal of phosphorus deposits from the external nanotube surface. We probed white and red phosphorus as precursors, varied the synthesis temperature and the ampoule shape, and tested three solvents for sample purification. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicated crystallization of interior phosphorus in a form resembling fibrous red phosphorus. An aqueous sodium hydroxide solution allowed removing the majority of external phosphorus particles. Thermogravimetric analysis of the product determined ∼23 wt % (∼10 atom %) of phosphorus, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data showed that ca. 80% of it is in the form of elemental phosphorus. Externally purified SWCNTs filled with phosphorus were used to study the interaction between the components. Raman spectroscopy and core-level XPS revealed p-type SWCNT doping. Valence-band XPS data and density functional theory calculations confirmed the transfer of the SWCNT electron density to the encapsulated phosphorus.

We present a comparative study of oxygen intercalation under polycrystalline and highly ordered graphene samples on the Co(0001) surface, which are relevant for magnetic applications. A comprehensi...

The paper studies collective nicknames of the residents of the Russian North (Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions) to describe a productive zoomorphic naming pattern. The research is based on findings of the Toponymic Expedition of the Ural Federal University which includes materials from field trips to the Russian North (1960–2019) as well as data published in dictionaries and monographs. The paper identifies lexical composition of the pattern, describes the geography of collective nicknames, and provides analysis of the material in terms of motivation, onomasiology, and language contacts. In some cases, collective nicknames are considered against the background of other types of nickname anthroponymy: family and individual nicknames. The analyzed body of nicknames includes both units formed from all-Russian vocabulary such as vorony, ershi, zaitsy, kuliki, etc., and less common names based on dialectal names of animals, birds, fish and insects (revyaki, svizi, sivkuny, pepyaki). The choice of animal species used in nicknames (in decreasing order: birds, fish, wild animals, pets, insects, amphibians) as well as substantial quantitative differences between Arkhangelsk and Vologda region (more than 200 units vs 88) are attributable to landscape features (forest and water) and occupations of the population (hunting, fishing). Characterological motivations, widely used in individual nickname anthroponymy, are relatively rare among zoomorphic collective nicknames. The prevalence of some thematic and motivational categories (especially “birds”) in the nicknames is probably due to the influence of substrate Finno-Ugric languages.

Phosphorus-doped graphene layers have been formed on the surface of nanodiamond (ND) particles by hot pressing of a mixture of purified detonation ND powder and triphenylphosphine (TPP) at ...

The ratio between the components determines the capacity of MoS2/carbon materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). However, the structure of the carbon component and the synthesis conditions...

In-plane heterostructures of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene (Gr) have recently appeared in the focus of material science research owing to their intriguing and tunable electronic properties. However, disclosure of the atomic structure and properties of one-dimensional heterojunctions between Gr and h-BN domains remains a largely unexplored and challenging task. Here, we report an approach to obtain a perfectly oriented and atomically thin hybrid h-BN–Gr heterolayer on the Co(0001) surface. A perfect matching of the lattice parameters ensures an epitaxial growth of both Gr and h-BN on the close-packed Co surface. High crystalline quality of the resulting interface allowed us to uncover the structural and electronic properties of the lateral h-BN/Gr heterojunctions by means of complementary microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. In particular, we established the coexistence of two types of zigzag boundaries made of B–C bonds, while the boundaries with N–C bonds were found to be unfavorable. ...

Interest in geographical names based on names of ores ( железо ‘iron’, медь ‘copper’) and their generic designation ( руда ‘ore’) is due to the fact that ore deposits are linked to a specific area and at the same time have a high value for the national economy, therefore, it is logical to expect their reflection in toponymy. The research material is a set of geographical names formed from the words железо , медь , руда and their derivatives recorded in the Russian North (Arkhangelsk and Vologda Regions) and in the Urals (Perm and Sverdlovsk Regions) during the work of the Toponymic Expedition of Ural University between the 1960s and 2010s. Taking into account the type of objects denominated, their areal distribution, and accompanying contexts, the author determines the motivation for such names. Additionally, the article examines alternative toponymic markers ( ржавец ‘viscous, swampy place, swamp covered with a reddish-brown coating, film (due to ironstone it contains)’, домница ‘blacksmith forge’), which could indicate the mining and production of iron. Moreover, the article examines data from the substrate toponymy of the Russian North with the same meaning ( Ровдозеро , cf. Veps. roud ‘iron’; Розмега , cf. Veps. roz ḿ e ‘rust (on water)’). In the Russian North, железный is used to denote objects that are mostly water bodies — rivers, streams, swamps, and lakes, most of which are located in old iron-producing areas. Some of the names (for example, the metaphorical model Железные Ворота ‘Iron Gate’) are not related to iron ore deposits. Geographical names derived from the words руда , рудный и рудник are “synonymous” to toponyms referring to iron: water bodies also predominate among them, and most explanatory contexts associate them with the extraction of ore or the corresponding colour of water. The areas of toponyms formed from the words железо ‘iron’, ржавец ‘rusty’ and рудный ( рудник ) ‘mine’ in the Russian North overlap with and correspond to the territory of the main areas of the peasant iron industry. There are significantly fewer toponyms associated with copper mining in the Russian North: perhaps because there were practically no copper deposits. Most of the objects are fields and mows and the context does not allow the author to say which part of their names is associated with copper mining and which has a metaphorical meaning. In the Urals, ore toponymy is significantly less abundant than that of the Russian North: this applies to both железо and медь toponyms, and names derived from the words рудный and рудник . The only toponymic model that is massively represented in the Ural material is names derived from the word ржавец . Ore toponymy in the Russian North is more diverse and widespread than that of the Urals, which is probably due to the fact that the peasant iron industry in the Russian North was more widespread and lasted longer, while the Urals switched to factory production earlier.

This research proposed the use of one of the most effective complexons – oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, namely its derivative compound – phenyldiacetic acid,for the active sorption matrices of humus of mineral origin. The application of active components that stimulate plant growth and photosynthesis processes in hybrid preparations during reclamation were also proposed. Keywords: recultivation of landfill, plant growth stimulation, phytoremediation

This study aimed to carry out a systematic analysis of the literature on the environmental impactsof waste resulting from year-round maintenance of roads (WMR) with deicing agents. The impacts on economic factors and the environment at all stages of the life cycle were systematically examined, taking into account the engineering and technological efficiencies, and the direct, indirect, prolonged and deferred effects. A structural-integral block-hierarchical model for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of WMR on the environment and on the industrial, social and economic system as a whole was developed.This incorporated the complex spatial-temporal industrial, biological, physical and chemical impacts of elements of the road infrastructure itself, as well as external conditions. Keywords: pollution monitoring, environmental impact of waste, pollution from transport

The aim of this research was to develop environmental methods for the restoration and rehabilitation of Moscow’s water bodies. A number of methods are recommended. These can help to improve the environmental condition and water quality of water bodiesin Moscow. Keywords: ehabilitation of water body, engineering biology, environmental preservation

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess the unique ability to tune their functional properties by modifying the outer surface or interior space. Using the same modifier – sulfur, we demonstrate a difference in sensing properties of coated and filled single-walled carbon nanotubes to gaseous nitrogen dioxide. A comprehensive investigation of materials by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory, and kinetics simulation led to an in-depth understanding of the factors influencing the sensor response of sulfur-modified SWCNTs, such as the role of surface and volumetric processes and interface effects. The sulfur-filled nanotubes with sulfur coating showed an outstanding sensitivity to detect nitrogen dioxide over a range from 1 ppb to 10 ppm due to the involvement of sulfur species in charge transfer between nanotubes and adsorbed molecules. Our data create a platform for the development of sensitive and reversible gas sensors using nanotube-based networks., The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (No. 121031700314-5). The authors thank the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie for allocation of a beamtime and support within bilateral program “Russian-German Laboratory at BESSY II”. O.V. Sedelnikova acknowledges the Scholarship of the President of the Russian Federation (SP-1593.2021.1). The work on the fabrication of SWCNT films was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 21-73-00229). V.O. Koroteev acknowledges financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) within the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme – MDM-2016-0618. A.A. Makarova acknowledges BMBF (grant no. 05K19KER). The EEL-SPIM inalysis was conducted at the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA) at the Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA) - Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain). R. Arenal acknowledges the support from the Spanish MICINN (PID2019-104739GB-100/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), from the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme under the project “ESTEEM3” (823717) and from the Government of Aragon (grant number E13_20R).