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The most serious medical illness in breeding dairy cattle include diseases of the limbs, especially the hooves, which is a cause of premature decommissioning of the breeding. This is a crucial economic factor, because it can also significantly reduce the production of milk, and weight. It is therefore very important early detection of lameness. The aim of this study was to monitor the correct movement of dairy cows and subsequent detection of lameness through the automatic scoring system (vitalimeter), which facilitates the search for sick animals.

In the experiment were detected changes of air temperature and relative humidity inside the free-stall barn. It is affecting the welfare of stabled dairy cows of two different groups according to the stage of lactation during the summer. The effects of microclimate individual parameters in the barn were assessed on the basis of the temperature-humidity index in relation to milk production. From the research, it was found that the animals are housed in suitable microclimate conditions barn were not subject to heat stress without major loss of milk production. The contribution includes information about the values of decrease or increase milk production, depending on the temperature-humidity index. It highlights the importance of determining the temperature-humidity index of stables. Temperature-humidity index can be a useful tool for determining of thermal stress in different sections of the barn. However, it would be appropriate this method of calculating the temperature-humidity index improved and supplemented with the other climatic factors.

The aim of the work was to obtain data and formulate knowledge about the behavioural manifestations of dairy cows in relation to the management system of feeding regime on the farm, where Holstein cows are bred. The observations took place on the 13 and 14 August, 2014, when the cows were observed for 24 hours continuously. The ethogram records were recorded after 1 minute and physical activity of cows, periods of rest, ruminating, eating, drinking, defecation, urination and comfort and social behaviour. Cows are herded for milking 3 times a day. It was found that within 24 hours dairy cows spend on average 10 hours by lying, 8 hours by ruminating, 20 minutes by drinking, 6 hours by eating, they defecate 14 times, urinate 6 times and walk about 430 meters. They are also scratching, licking each other and tail swiping (comfort behaviour) within 24 hours. The observations of the responses to serving food indicate that cows actively react to the passage of the food vehicle, not the passage of a piling-up tractor.

Regular measurement of the body surface temperature can help to assess the health status of animals. There are many technological possibilities of contactless temperature measurement of body surface. The important thing is to find the right part of the body whose temperature will point to the first possible symptoms and immediately react to the first signs of the disease. Disagreements about how to measure body surface temperature and accuracy of the method can occur when different measures are used. We review work showing possibilities of contactless surface temperature measurements using 1) thermography, 2) electronic transponders and 3) other possibilities of measuring the body surface temperature of dairy cattle. For example, when we scan the surface temperature with the thermal imager there can operate in individual animals confounding factors such as the nature or degree of muscular coat, which may significantly affect the results.

The breeding of dairy cattle, in terms of investment and operating costs, is the most demanding sector of livestock production. In terms of importance for agricultural enterprises and all of society, in most EU Member States and the Czech Republic it is one of the major agrarian sectors. Milk production in the Czech Republic has been an important source of income for farmers. For this reason, it is important to ensure an adequate level of milk production in dairy cattle herds and the resulting profit of the enterprise. At the present time in the Czech Republic, it is difficult to ensure profitability in dairy farming because input costs have a continuously rising trend, as compared to the price of milk, which is very unstable. The evaluation of selected indicators of milk yield and fertility in dairy herds is an important tool for evaluating the economics and the level of the breeding. The highest milk yield in kilograms during the first lactation was attained by dairy cows that calved at the age of 27 to 29 months (9,335 kg of milk). When utilizing the DOUBLE OVSYNCH synchronization protocol, the average calving interval was 412 days, and a higher conception rate after first insemination (43%) was found as compared to the nationwide average in the Czech Republic (34.2%).

The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of specific microelements in the blood of calves in particular farm depending on the influence of selected feed supplements. In the first and in the second experiment the calves were divided in to four groups - 3 experimental and one control. Experimental groups were filed feed supplements to support active immunity according to the methodology in the first attempt over about 2 weeks, in the second for 3 weeks. Observed data and analysis were statistically evaluated and compared with each other. The first experiment was performed from August to November 2013, the second from November 2014 to January 2015.

The study was carried out in the agricultural company Petrovice during the summer and winter seasons. The experiment included Holstein dairy cattle. Air temperature was measured using a data logger with sensors (Datalogger COMET 3120) in the stable. Data on average yield were taken from farm records and then processed using Microsoft Excel. The aim of the study was to determine how the values of ambient temperature affect the welfare of the animals with regard to the average performance. The air temperature is very variable and its changes animals react immediately. Measured values of air temperature in the stable are important for optimal welfare. It affects the productivity of dairy cows, milk quality, reproduction and animal health.

The health status of calves is very important for the future production of meat and dairy cattle. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the dynamics of selected hematologic and biochemical parameters in blood plasma of calves reared in different environmental conditions. Totally 120 blood samples of calves in age of 1 to 124 days were collected. The animals came from three different breeds with different ways of rearing. The total blood parameters tested in all observed groups were in the normal range. Dynamics of selected hematologic and biochemical parameters in blood plasma of calves in all groups were relatively similar. It is evident that the calves, while preserving the basic animal hygiene conditions of livestock, can cope with the effects of different technologies of rearing and environmental conditions.

The aim is to assess whether homeopathy or other unconventional methods could be used in the treatment or prevention of mastitis in cows and at the same time while measurement of basic microclimatic indicators to determine if a stable climate influences the incidence of mastitis. Experiment is performed in a herd of about 120 pcs of cows. Cows with proven mastitis are divided into two groups –the control and experimental group. In the experimental group selected auxiliary means according to specific methodological instruction were given to cows according to specific methodological instruction to strengthen the immunity of their organism. Other husbandry and veterinary care was maintained in the same usual extent as in the control group. In both groups the occurrence of health disorders is recorded after a specified period of time describing the method used and the required treatment time. During the experiment basic microclimatic parameters (temperature, humidity, airflow, cooling value) are monitored continuously.

The occurrence of coccidiosis is an enormous problem of pheasant farming. The aim of this study is to show, that this disease can be cured by unconventional dietary supplements. Dietary supplements which were used in this study were as follows: prebiotics (Biopolym), probiotics (Lactovita containing bacteria Lactobacillus sporogenes) and homeopathics. The experiment took place in the Ranč Daniela farm in the town Hůrka (close to the Horní Planá Town) from 1.7.2012 to 18.11.2012. Four groups of pheasants were made - three experimental groups and one control group. All groups were consisted of 13 individuals. The pheasant Phasianus colchicus was used in this experiment. Dietary supplements were served for two weeks, than the serving stopped for two weeks and continued again. The samples of excrements were tested all the study long using the floatation method in Sheather's sugar solution. The results were marked and evaluated. The favourable effect of Biopolym and homeopatics on the intestinal tract of pheasant was significant.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of high iodine intake in ewes on haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of ewes and their lambs. Twelve pregnant ewes of the Sumava sheep breed and their newborn lambs were included in the experiment. Control group (A) consisted of 6 ewes with 7 lambs and experimental group (B) comprised 6 ewes with 6 lambs. The feed ration was enriched with calcium iodate by addition of 3 and 5 mg/kg in group A and group B, respectively. The studied parameters in ewes and lambs were haematocrit value, red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration in blood, concentration of urea and total proteins, and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood plasma. No differences were found out in haematocrit value, red blood cell count, concentration of haemoglobin and total proteins between groups of ewes A and B with their lambs. Urea concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were higher in ewes of group B and their lambs during the entire experimental period. An increase in the values of urea and alkaline phosphatase in the group of ewes and lambs with higher iodine intake indicates a potential risk of high iodine intake associated with changes in the thyroid activity in ewes and their lambs.

The aim of this paper was to find out what the system of the technical solution to housing for calf breeding is the most suitable from the point of view of welfare. There were compared four basic types. We focused on the comparison behavior of stabled calves like a lying and eating time. These behavior were observed in all four seasons. At the same time we observed some microclimatic conditions. We focused on the cooling value that refers to the thermal comfort of stabled animals. With a comprehensive examination of all collected and measured values can be recommended to prioritize individual outdoor sheds under shelter and calf house from lightweight steel construction, according to actual economic situation of breeders.

in this experiment it was used contactless measurement method using a thermographic camera. Surface temperatures were recorded from three different parts of the animal,(the surface of the core body, the eyes and the udde)r. The aim of this study was to determine how much the temperature values that are obtained using the thermographic camera are accurate.. Its accuracy depends on many factors such as particularly good settings of the thermographic camera, a microclimate of environment, an emissivity of measured object, the character and colour of the coat or the degree of muscles. It was also monitor the correlation of the measured surface temperatures with a rectal temperature, which is an indicative of the internal body temperature.

Goat milk is very valuable and desired food for its high digestibility and unique composition, because contains only small amount of milk protein casein, thus is suitable for casein allergy. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of pastures located in lessfavoured areas of Czech Republic and to investigate the influence of that quality on the content of fatty acids in goat milk. Two groups of goats were fed ad libitum intake of meadow hay and concentrate supplements, for experimental group contained 0.1 kg of flaxseed. Results of experimental group shows reduced SFA and increased content of MUFA and PUFA. Flax seed supplementation has an positive effect on increasing CLA in milk fat

the aim of our study was to evaluate influence of probiotic agents (Lactovita) and seaweed extracts (Biopolym) with antidiarrheal effects on the prevention of diarrhoea in calves. In the experiment 22 experimental and 22 control calves were observed. The results of the observed incidence of diarrhoea in the control and experimental groups showed a positive effect of probiotic Lactovita and seaweed extracts Biopolymer. 32% of calves in the experimental group and 45% of calves in the control group became sick. Unfortunately, we could not demonstrate the statistical significance of these differences. The weight gains found in the 4th week after birth were by 37.6% higher in the group with Lactovita and Biopolym than in the control group.

A new housing technology double-chamber cow waterbeds should provide the animals with greater comfort improve their health and increase milk production. The study was carried out in the stable for dairy cows and heifers. They were stabled in free-stall housing. Rubber mattresses had been replaced with double-chamber cow waterbeds. The aim of the study was to determine their effect on comfort, health, occurrence of mastitis, count of somatic cells, total milk production. The study confirmed the reduction of number of animals with injuries of feet and incidence of mastitis. The values of somatic cells in milk were constant. Positive effect was shown with fluent increase in milk production. It increased the number of cows and heifers lying in the boxes.

the aim of study was to find out the influence of milking by automatic milking system (AMS) on the physiological needs of dairy cows within 30 minutes after milking. Ethological study covered the needs of feed intake, water intake and need of lying down. The need of feed intake in 30 minutes after milking was found at 75.51 % of dairy cows in the barn with AMS. The need of water intake was found at 41.79 % of dairy cows. The percentage of cows, which needed to lie down after milking, was 3.7 %.

The article view on the effect of the extensive breeding conditions on health state of sheep in foothill areas of the South Bohemian region. Very negatively affects the health of sheep presence of parasitic infection in the herd. Among the factors indicative of the normal process of physiological functions and thus the health of sheep include haematologic and biochemical parameters of blood. Samples of blood and excrements were collected and divided by breeds of sheep and sampling time. It was done Faeces examination of excrements and was determined number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, content of zinc and copper in blood and differential leucocytes count. Haematological and biochemical parameters were observed for all samples in the physiological range, despite the simultaneous parasitic contagions of examined animals.

Poultry farming represents 30 % of meat production worldwide. The occurrence of animal parasites is an enormous problem of poultry farming. This problem is recorded from factory farming as well as from small farming and causes financial losses. The aim of this study was to gain basic data about the occurrence of coccidia in the intestines and about the occurrence of coccidia oocysts in the excrements of indoor broilers and carrier hens. Broilers and carrier hens were fed by dietary supplements which were supposed to have influence on native gut microflora composition and on weight gain. The experiment was conducted on 250 individuals of broilers. Broilers were divided into 5 groups according to dietary supplement (one group consisted of 50 individuals). Experimental groups were as follows: prebiotics, probiotics, homeopathic, coccidiostatics. One control group was also made. In the experimental groups dietary supplements were served every day from the 8th to 22nd day after the birth. The samples of excrements were tested in a laboratory twice a week. During 42nd and 57th day after the birth the samples of intestines of death chicken were tested three times (five individuals was chosen from every experimental group). Every individual was weighted before the slaughter, the samples of intestines were screened for occurrence, amount and type of coccidia right after the slaughter. The decrease of frequency of coccidia oocysts occurrence in the excrements in the experimental group prebiotics, homeopathics and control group in comparison with experimental group probiotics and coccidiostats was proved. The frequency of coccidia oocysts occurrence was the lowest by the experimental group prebiotics and by control group. The frequency of coccidia oocysts occurrence was the highest by the experimental group probiotics and coccidiostats. The highest weight gains were recorded by the control group (ø2.55) in comparison with the group with coccidiostats (ø 1.99).

The aim of the study was to explain the relationship between copper and zinc content in the soil and plants and their consequent content in blood and excrements of cattle and sheep while various forms of breeding. Apart from the Cu and Zn concentration in the soil samples we were investigating also the concentrations of the elements Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Mn and Mo. In excrements and feeding rations the concentration of copper and zinc were investigated. Beef cows and heifers (143) without the market milk production, dairy cows and heifers (182) with the market milk production and sheep (191) were included in the project. Altogether 325 blood (excrement) samples were collected and examined. The relations between haematological indicators and copper and zinc metabolism appear more often in animals (cows, heifers, sheep) with nonconventional way of farming and it is impacted by many the impact of an antagonistic influence of elements than in dairy animals. The results also show the necessity of the controlling of the supplementation with the mineral elements accumulation in the soil samples, plants and organism.

The study was carried out at the farm in Petrovice. Dairy cows and heifers were included in the experiment. The relative humidity, temperature, cooling value environment and flow rate in stables were measured. The flow rate was measured by the handheld anemometer. The relative humidity and the temperature were obtained by the data logger with sensors. The cooling value environment was obtained by the psychrometer. The rectal temperature was measured simultaneously as further value. It was rated 3 different groups of dairy cows and heifers in 2 stables. The aim of this work was finding how this values impact thermal comfort of the animals. The temperature is the most significant factor because it is very variable value. The animals immediately react for change of this. All these measured values are important for optimal welfare of animals. They influence the productivity of dairy cows and heifers, milk quality, reproduction and health of animals.

The regular measuring of the body surface temperature can help to evaluate health condition of animals and react immediately on the first symptoms of illness. There are many of technological possibilities of contactless measuring the body surface temperature. It is important to find the right part of the body which the temperature will show the first possible symptoms of illness. This experiment with dairy cows and heifers was realized at the farm in Petrovice. The body surface temperature and rectal temperature of animals were observed in dairy cows and heifers. It was rated 3 different groups of dairy cows and heifers in 2 stables. The body temperature was obtained by the thermocamera. The temperatures were shot from the 3 different parts of body of animals (the body core, the eyes and the udder). The relative humidity, temperature, cooling value environment and flow rate in stable were measured as further independent variables. The aim of this study was finding how body temperature correlate together with health of animals, reproduction, milk quality, vital signs and productivity of dairy cows and heifers.

Healthy and strong individuals are fundamental in every cattle breeding. The aim of this study was to find out which of these given supplement had the best influence on calf weight gain in the early period after weaning to milk nutrition. This research was carried out in cooperation with the farm in Haklovy Dvory. Calves were studied from March 2012 to February 2013. They were weaned into outdoor individual box after birth. There were added supplements into their ration in the first two weeks of life. Calves were partitioned according to the added supplement into three experimental groups and one control group. The first weight control of calves was after birth and the second weight control was at the age of thirty days. The average weight gain was calculated from the differences in these values. The best demonstrable effect was in the experimental Homeopathy and Prebiotics (Biopolym) groups with the average increment of 26.9 kilograms, then in the experimental Probiotics (Lactovita) group with the average increment of 26.1 kilograms. The last group was the Control one, there was not any change in the calves’ ration and their average increment was 23.5 kilograms. The results of the statistical evaluation was p = 0.0572 in the Biopolym group, p = 0.2570 in the Lactovita group and p = 0.2124 in the Homeopathy group versus the Control group. It can be concluded from the results of this study that calves had a positive reaction on the supplements added in the first days of life and these had a favourable effect on diarrhoea prevention. Prebiotics, homeopathic drugs and probiotics beneficially stimulate calves’ digestive system and, in general, they have a positive effect on the calves’ physiological condition.