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2. Four Hundred Songs of Love: An Anthology of Poems from Classical Tamil. The Akanāṉūṟu. Translated and annotated by George L. Hart

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

The Four Hundred Songs of Love: An Anthology of Poems from Classical Tamil. The Akanāṉūṟu. Translated and annotated by George L. Hart. Regards sur l’Asie du Sud/South Asian Perspectives, no. 7. Pondichéry: Institut FrançaIs de Pondichéry, 2015. Pp. xx + 485. Rs. 1000, €43.

Published
2021
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3. Passages: Relationships between Tamil and Sanskrit. Edited by Kannan M. and Jennifer Clare

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

Passages: Relationships between Tamil and Sanskrit. Edited by Kannan M. and Jennifer Clare. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Publications Hors Série, vol. 11. Pondichéry: Institut Français de Pondichéry and Tamil Chair, Department of South and Southeast Asian studies, University of California at Berkeley, 2009. Pp. xxxvi + 380.

Published
2021
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6. Between Preservation and Recreation: Tamil Traditions of Commentary. Edited by Eva Wilden

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

Between Preservation and Recreation: Tamil Traditions of Commentary. Edited by Eva Wilden. École Française d’Extrême-Orient Collection Indologie, vol. 109. Pondichéry: Institut Français de Pondichéry / École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 2009. Pp. xiv + 319.

Published
2021
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7. Deep Rivers: Selected Writings on Tamil Literature. By François Gros. Translated by M. P. Boseman. Edited by Kannan M. and Jennifer Clare

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

Deep Rivers: Selected Writings on Tamil Literature. By François Gros. Translated by M. P. Boseman. Edited by Kannan M. and Jennifer Clare. Institut Français de Pondichéry Publications Hors Série, vol. 10. Pondichéry: Institut Français de Pondichéry and Tamil Chair, Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 2009. Pp. xxxviii + 519.

Published
2021
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8. On Anatomical Enumeration and Difference in Early Sanskrit Medical Literature

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
History, Complementary and alternative medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), language, Enumeration, Medicine (miscellaneous), Sanskrit, Linguistics, language.human_language, Medical literature
Abstract

What does it mean to inventory all the components of the human body, and what do those inventories tell us about medical ideas and practice? I compare the lists of body parts in the śārīra-sthānas (sections relating to the body) of the Caraka-saṃhitā (ca. first century CE) and the Suśruta-saṃhitā (ca. second century CE). Rather than provide a detailed list of differences, I contemplate what these differences “mean” in terms of counting as a practice and of how we might think about these two texts as articulations of the concerns of the “theorist-physicians” of the Caraka-saṃhitā and the “anatomist-surgeons” of the Suśruta-saṃhitā. How might a close comparative reading of these passages—an “emic” reading, if you will—shed light on medical practice in early India and its relationship with metaphysical concerns, issues of selfhood, sexual “difference,” and the problem of understanding what cannot be seen with the naked eye?

Published
2020
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9. Critical Edition and an Annotated Translation of the Akanānūru (Part 1—Kaḷiṟṟiyāṉainirai), vol. I: Introduction, Invocation–50; vol. II: 51–120; vol. III: Old Commentary on Kaḷiṟṟiyāṉainirai KV–90; Word Index of Akanānūru KV–120. By Eva Wi

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

A Critical Edition and an Annotated Translation of the Akanānūru (Part 1—Kaḷiṟṟiyāṉainirai), vol. I: Introduction, Invocation–50; vol. II: 51–120; vol. III: Old Commentary on Kaḷiṟṟiyāṉainirai KV–90; Word Index of Akanānūru KV–120. By Eva Wilden. Collection Indologie, vol. 134.1–3. Critical Texts of Caṅkam Literature, vol. 4.1–3. NETamil Series, vol. 1.1–3. Pondichéry: École Française d’Extrême-Orient and Institut Français de Pondichéry, 2018. Pp. cl + 323, 324–787, 470.

Published
2021
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10. Tamil: A Biography. By David Shulman

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

Tamil: A Biography. By David Shulman. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 402.

Published
2021
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11. Archaeology of Bhakti II: Royal Bhakti, Local Bhakti. Edited by Emmanuel Francis and Charlotte Schmid

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Cultural Studies, General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

The Archaeology of Bhakti II: Royal Bhakti, Local Bhakti. Edited by Emmanuel Francis and Charlotte Schmid. Collection Indologie, no. 132. Pondicherry: Institut Français de Pondichéry; Paris: École Française d’Extrême-Orient, 2016. Pp. x + 609, illus.

Published
2021
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12. Between preservation and recreation: tamil traditions of commentary

Author

Ann selby, Martha

Subjects
Tamils, Ethnic, cultural, racial issues/studies
Abstract

Between Preservation and Recreation: Tamil Traditions of Commentary. Edited by EVA WILDEN. Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient Collection Indologie, vol. 109. Pondichery: INSTITUT FRAKAIS DE PONDICHERY / ECOLE FRAKAISE D'EXTREME-ORIENT. 2009. Pp. [...]

Published
2013

13. Passages: relationships between tamil and sanskrit

Author

Ann selby, Martha

Subjects
Passages: Relationships between Tamil and Sanskrit (Nonfiction work) -- M., Kannan, Books -- Book reviews, Ethnic, cultural, racial issues/studies
Abstract

Passages: Relationships between Tamil and Sanskrit. Edited by--lc ANNAN M. and JENNIFER CLARE. Institut Francais de Pondichery, Publications Hors Serie, vol. 11. Pondichery: INSTITUT FRAKAIS DE PONDICHERY and TAMIL CHAIR, [...]

Published
2013

16. Heterozygous Variants in KMT2E Cause a Spectrum of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy

Author

Anne H. O’Donnell-Luria, Lynn S. Pais, Víctor Faundes, Jordan C. Wood, Abigail Sveden, Victor Luria, Rami Abou Jamra, Andrea Accogli, Kimberly Amburgey, Britt Marie Anderlid, Silvia Azzarello-Burri, Alice A. Basinger, Claudia Bianchini, Lynne M. Bird, Rebecca Buchert, Wilfrid Carre, Sophia Ceulemans, Perrine Charles, Helen Cox, Lisa Culliton, Aurora Currò, Florence Demurger, James J. Dowling, Benedicte Duban-Bedu, Christèle Dubourg, Saga Elise Eiset, Luis F. Escobar, Alessandra Ferrarini, Tobias B. Haack, Mona Hashim, Solveig Heide, Katherine L. Helbig, Ingo Helbig, Raul Heredia, Delphine Héron, Bertrand Isidor, Amy R. Jonasson, Pascal Joset, Boris Keren, Fernando Kok, Hester Y. Kroes, Alinoë Lavillaureix, Xin Lu, Saskia M. Maas, Gustavo H.B. Maegawa, Carlo L.M. Marcelis, Paul R. Mark, Marcelo R. Masruha, Heather M. McLaughlin, Kirsty McWalter, Esther U. Melchinger, Saadet Mercimek-Andrews, Caroline Nava, Manuela Pendziwiat, Richard Person, Gian Paolo Ramelli, Luiza L.P. Ramos, Anita Rauch, Caitlin Reavey, Alessandra Renieri, Angelika Rieß, Amarilis Sanchez-Valle, Shifteh Sattar, Carol Saunders, Niklas Schwarz, Thomas Smol, Myriam Srour, Katharina Steindl, Steffen Syrbe, Jenny C. Taylor, Aida Telegrafi, Isabelle Thiffault, Doris A. Trauner, Helio van der Linden, Silvana van Koningsbruggen, Laurent Villard, Ida Vogel, Julie Vogt, Yvonne G. Weber, Ingrid M. Wentzensen, Elysa Widjaja, Jaroslav Zak, Samantha Baxter, Siddharth Banka, Lance H. Rodan, Jeremy F. McRae, Stephen Clayton, Tomas W. Fitzgerald, Joanna Kaplanis, Elena Prigmore, Diana Rajan, Alejandro Sifrim, Stuart Aitken, Nadia Akawi, Mohsan Alvi, Kirsty Ambridge, Daniel M. Barrett, Tanya Bayzetinova, Philip Jones, Wendy D. Jones, Daniel King, Netravathi Krishnappa, Laura E. Mason, Tarjinder Singh, Adrian R. Tivey, Munaza Ahmed, Uruj Anjum, Hayley Archer, Ruth Armstrong, Jana Awada, Meena Balasubramanian, Diana Baralle, Angela Barnicoat, Paul Batstone, David Baty, Chris Bennett, Jonathan Berg, Birgitta Bernhard, A. Paul Bevan, Maria Bitner-Glindzicz, Edward Blair, Moira Blyth, David Bohanna, Louise Bourdon, David Bourn, Lisa Bradley, Angela Brady, Simon Brent, Carole Brewer, Kate Brunstrom, David J. Bunyan, John Burn, Natalie Canham, Bruce Castle, Kate Chandler, Elena Chatzimichali, Deirdre Cilliers, Angus Clarke, Susan Clasper, Jill Clayton-Smith, Virginia Clowes, Andrea Coates, Trevor Cole, Irina Colgiu, Amanda Collins, Morag N. Collinson, Fiona Connell, Nicola Cooper, Lara Cresswell, Gareth Cross, Yanick Crow, Mariella D’Alessandro, Tabib Dabir, Rosemarie Davidson, Sally Davies, Dylan de Vries, John Dean, Charu Deshpande, Gemma Devlin, Abhijit Dixit, Angus Dobbie, Alan Donaldson, Dian Donnai, Deirdre Donnelly, Carina Donnelly, Angela Douglas, Sofia Douzgou, Alexis Duncan, Jacqueline Eason, Sian Ellard, Ian Ellis, Frances Elmslie, Karenza Evans, Sarah Everest, Tina Fendick, Richard Fisher, Frances Flinter, Nicola Foulds, Andrew Fry, Alan Fryer, Carol Gardiner, Lorraine Gaunt, Neeti Ghali, Richard Gibbons, Harinder Gill, Judith Goodship, David Goudie, Emma Gray, Andrew Green, Philip Greene, Lynn Greenhalgh, Susan Gribble, Rachel Harrison, Lucy Harrison, Victoria Harrison, Rose Hawkins, Liu He, Stephen Hellens, Alex Henderson, Sarah Hewitt, Lucy Hildyard, Emma Hobson, Simon Holden, Muriel Holder, Susan Holder, Georgina Hollingsworth, Tessa Homfray, Mervyn Humphreys, Jane Hurst, Ben Hutton, Stuart Ingram, Melita Irving, Lily Islam, Andrew Jackson, Joanna Jarvis, Lucy Jenkins, Diana Johnson, Elizabeth Jones, Dragana Josifova, Shelagh Joss, Beckie Kaemba, Sandra Kazembe, Rosemary Kelsell, Bronwyn Kerr, Helen Kingston, Usha Kini, Esther Kinning, Gail Kirby, Claire Kirk, Emma Kivuva, Alison Kraus, Dhavendra Kumar, V. K. Ajith Kumar, Katherine Lachlan, Wayne Lam, Anne Lampe, Caroline Langman, Melissa Lees, Derek Lim, Cheryl Longman, Gordon Lowther, Sally A. Lynch, Alex Magee, Eddy Maher, Alison Male, Sahar Mansour, Karen Marks, Katherine Martin, Una Maye, Emma McCann, Vivienne McConnell, Meriel McEntagart, Ruth McGowan, Kirsten McKay, Shane McKee, Dominic J. McMullan, Susan McNerlan, Catherine McWilliam, Sarju Mehta, Kay Metcalfe, Anna Middleton, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Emma Miles, Shehla Mohammed, Tara Montgomery, David Moore, Sian Morgan, Jenny Morton, Hood Mugalaasi, Victoria Murday, Helen Murphy, Swati Naik, Andrea Nemeth, Louise Nevitt, Ruth Newbury-Ecob, Andrew Norman, Rosie O’Shea, Caroline Ogilvie, Kai-Ren Ong, Soo-Mi Park, Michael J. Parker, Chirag Patel, Joan Paterson, Stewart Payne, Daniel Perrett, Julie Phipps, Daniela T. Pilz, Martin Pollard, Caroline Pottinger, Joanna Poulton, Norman Pratt, Katrina Prescott, Sue Price, Abigail Pridham, Annie Procter, Hellen Purnell, Oliver Quarrell, Nicola Ragge, Raheleh Rahbari, Josh Randall, Julia Rankin, Lucy Raymond, Debbie Rice, Leema Robert, Eileen Roberts, Jonathan Roberts, Paul Roberts, Gillian Roberts, Alison Ross, Elisabeth Rosser, Anand Saggar, Shalaka Samant, Julian Sampson, Richard Sandford, Ajoy Sarkar, Susann Schweiger, Richard Scott, Ingrid Scurr, Ann Selby, Anneke Seller, Cheryl Sequeira, Nora Shannon, Saba Sharif, Charles Shaw-Smith, Emma Shearing, Debbie Shears, Eamonn Sheridan, Ingrid Simonic, Roldan Singzon, Zara Skitt, Audrey Smith, Kath Smith, Sarah Smithson, Linda Sneddon, Miranda Splitt, Miranda Squires, Fiona Stewart, Helen Stewart, Volker Straub, Mohnish Suri, Vivienne Sutton, Ganesh Jawahar Swaminathan, Elizabeth Sweeney, Kate Tatton-Brown, Cat Taylor, Rohan Taylor, Mark Tein, I. Karen Temple, Jenny Thomson, Marc Tischkowitz, Susan Tomkins, Audrey Torokwa, Becky Treacy, Claire Turner, Peter Turnpenny, Carolyn Tysoe, Anthony Vandersteen, Vinod Varghese, Pradeep Vasudevan, Parthiban Vijayarangakannan, Emma Wakeling, Sarah Wallwark, Jonathon Waters, Astrid Weber, Diana Wellesley, Margo Whiteford, Sara Widaa, Sarah Wilcox, Emily Wilkinson, Denise Williams, Nicola Williams, Louise Wilson, Geoff Woods, Christopher Wragg, Michael Wright, Laura Yates, Michael Yau, Chris Nellåker, Michael Parker, Helen V. Firth, Caroline F. Wright, David R. FitzPatrick, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Matthew E. Hurles, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Center for Medical Genetics, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISTC, CNR), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique médicale [Centre Hospitalier de Vannes], Centre hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique (Morbihan) (CHBA), Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Centre de Génétique Chromosomique [Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul], Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul-Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)-Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Groupe de Recherche Clinique : Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme (GRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University-Baylor University, Institute of Medical Genetics, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), University of Oxford, GeneDx [Gaithersburg, MD, USA], Department of Clinical Genetics (Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Institute of Biomedical Engineering [Oxford] (IBME), Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Genetics, University of Southampton, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Yorkshire Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Molecular and Clinical Medicine [Dundee, UK] (School of Medicine), University of Dundee [UK]-Ninewells Hospital & Medical School [Dundee, UK], Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford Regional Genetics Service, The Churchill hospital, North West Thames Regional Genetics, Northwick Park Hospital, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Wessex clinical genetics service, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Our Lady's hospital for Sick Children, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Guy's Hospital [London], University Hospitals Leicester, University of Edinburgh, Belfast City Hospital, Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospitals, Institute of Medical Genetics, Heath Park, Cardiff, The London Clinic, Nottingham City Hospital, Clinical Genetics Department, St Michael's Hospital, Department of Genetic Medicine, Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH), Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Histopathology, St. George's Hospital, Teesside Genetics Unit, James Cook University (JCU), Kansas State University, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Medical Genetics, HMNC Brain Health, North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester-University Hospitals Leicester, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School [Dundee], Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Oxford Brookes University, Institute of medicinal plant development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Service d'explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires [Lille], Department of Computer Science - Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Department of Clinical Genetics (Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust), Division of Medical & Molecular Genetics, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde [Glasgow] (NHSGGC), Department of Clinical Genetics [Churchill Hospital], Churchill Hospital Oxford Centre for Haematology, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Southampton General Hospital, Western General Hospital, Head of the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], SW Thames Regional Genetics Service, St Georgeâ™s University of London, London, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), All Wales Medical Genetics Services, Singleton Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of North Texas (UNT), Clinical Genetics, Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle University [Newcastle], United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Institute of Medical Genetics (University Hospital of Wales), University Hospital of Wales (UHW), West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory and Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, University Hospitals Bristol, Marketing (MKT), EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management, Addenbrookes Hospital, West of Scotland Genetics Service (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital), University Hospital Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Department of Clnical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital [Exeter, UK] (RDEH), Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London], School of Computer Science, Bangor University, University Hospital Southampton, Clinical Genetics Unit, St Georges, University of London, Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Research and Development, Futurelab, Nottingham Regional Genetics Service [Nottingham, UK], Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH)-City Hospital Campus [Nottingham, UK], University of St Andrews [Scotland], Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust - City Hospital Campus, West Midlands Regional Genetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Trust, Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle, Division of Biological Stress Response [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], The Netherlands Cancer Institute [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Molecular Genetics, IWK Health Centre, IWK health centre, North West london hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Clinical Genetics (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (Glasgow), Birmingham women's hospital, Birmingham, Ethox Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Badenoch Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, R01 HD091846, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Boston Children’s Hospital Faculty Development Fellowship, UM1HG008900, Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Chile’s National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research, DFG WE4896/3-1, German Research Society, WT 100127, Health Innovation Challenge Fund, Comprehensive Clinical Research Network, Skaggs-Oxford Scholarship, 10/H0305/83, Cambridge South REC, REC GEN/284/12, Republic of Ireland, WT098051, Wellcome Sanger Institute, 72160007, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 1DH1813319, Dietmar Hopp Stiftung, National Institute for Health Research, Department of Health & Social Care, Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul-GHICL, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)-Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM)-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham University Hospitals, SW Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George’s University of London, London, University Hospital of Wales, Grenoble Ecole de Management, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, City Hospital Campus [Nottingham, UK]-Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust [UK], ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, Human Genetics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], GHICL-Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Friedrich-Alexander d'Erlangen-Nuremberg, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique [Vannes], Technische Universität München [München] (TUM)-Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM)-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Service de Génétique et Cytogénétique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Università di Camerino (UNICAM), Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, University Hospitals of Leicester, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Weizmann Institute of Science, and Grenoble Ecole de Management (GEM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Microcephaly, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Haploinsufficiency, autism, epilepsy, epileptic encephalopathy, global developmental delay, H3K4 methylation, intellectual disability, KMT2E, neurodevelopmental disorder, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA-Binding Proteins, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Infant, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Pedigree, Phenotype, Young Adult, Genetic Variation, Heterozygote, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Intellectual disability, Global developmental delay, Genetics (clinical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Hypotonia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine.symptom, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9], 03 medical and health sciences, Report, medicine, Journal Article, Expressivity (genetics), Preschool, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, business.industry, Macrocephaly, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Autism, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 206572.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) We delineate a KMT2E-related neurodevelopmental disorder on the basis of 38 individuals in 36 families. This study includes 31 distinct heterozygous variants in KMT2E (28 ascertained from Matchmaker Exchange and three previously reported), and four individuals with chromosome 7q22.2-22.23 microdeletions encompassing KMT2E (one previously reported). Almost all variants occurred de novo, and most were truncating. Most affected individuals with protein-truncating variants presented with mild intellectual disability. One-quarter of individuals met criteria for autism. Additional common features include macrocephaly, hypotonia, functional gastrointestinal abnormalities, and a subtle facial gestalt. Epilepsy was present in about one-fifth of individuals with truncating variants and was responsive to treatment with anti-epileptic medications in almost all. More than 70% of the individuals were male, and expressivity was variable by sex; epilepsy was more common in females and autism more common in males. The four individuals with microdeletions encompassing KMT2E generally presented similarly to those with truncating variants, but the degree of developmental delay was greater. The group of four individuals with missense variants in KMT2E presented with the most severe developmental delays. Epilepsy was present in all individuals with missense variants, often manifesting as treatment-resistant infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Microcephaly was also common in this group. Haploinsufficiency versus gain-of-function or dominant-negative effects specific to these missense variants in KMT2E might explain this divergence in phenotype, but requires independent validation. Disruptive variants in KMT2E are an under-recognized cause of neurodevelopmental abnormalities.

Published
2019
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17. The Ecology of Friendship: Early Tamil Landscapes of Irony and Voice

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
History, 060101 anthropology, Poetry, Anthropology, Ecology (disciplines), media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, 06 humanities and the arts, 050701 cultural studies, Fictive kinship, language.human_language, Irony, Friendship, Tamil, language, 0601 history and archaeology, media_common
Abstract

This article is a brief study of four female characters—a pair of daughters and a pair of mothers—who give voice to the majority of the poems in the Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, an Old Tamil anthology of love poetry from the early decades of the third century CE. Taking cues from recent ethnographies on friendship in South Asia and from Alan Bray’s compelling study of friendship in modern Britain, I will examine the ways in which bonds between female friends are expressed in the dense natural imagery so characteristic of Old Tamil convention, most often found within the poems in double entendre and in brief, almost allegorical statements. I focus primarily on the figure of the tōḻi, the ‘girlfriend’, who speaks with greatest frequency in these poems as she acts as the mediator between the talaivi (the ‘heroine’) and the talaivaṉ (the ‘hero’) through every stage of their romantic relationship, and also between the talaivi and her mothers—the cevili-t-ta −y or ‘foster mother’ and the naṟṟa −y, the ‘biological mother’ of the talaivi. In passing, I will briefly contrast this quartet with the voices of their corresponding male characters, which we hear especially within the context of the pa −caṟai, the ‘war camp’. I will analyze how the voices of the characters change—both in content and in register—according to shifts in poetic settings, and will discuss what these shifts can tell us about aesthetic representations of female friendship in early South India. Through a study of the conversational settings among these characters, I will illustrate how friendship, intimacy and love are conveyed in language and rhetorical gesture.

Published
2017
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18. Bi-allelic Loss-of-Function CACNA1B Mutations in Progressive Epilepsy-Dyskinesia

Author

Kathleen M. Gorman, Esther Meyer, Detelina Grozeva, Egidio Spinelli, Amy McTague, Alba Sanchis-Juan, Keren J. Carss, Emily Bryant, Adi Reich, Amy L. Schneider, Ronit M. Pressler, Michael A. Simpson, Geoff D. Debelle, Evangeline Wassmer, Jenny Morton, Diana Sieciechowicz, Eric Jan-Kamsteeg, Alex R. Paciorkowski, Mary D. King, J. Helen Cross, Annapurna Poduri, Heather C. Mefford, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Tobias B. Haack, Gary McCullagh, John J. Millichap, Gemma L. Carvill, Jill Clayton-Smith, Eamonn R. Maher, F. Lucy Raymond, Manju A. Kurian, Jeremy F. McRae, Stephen Clayton, Tomas W. Fitzgerald, Joanna Kaplanis, Elena Prigmore, Diana Rajan, Alejandro Sifrim, Stuart Aitken, Nadia Akawi, Mohsan Alvi, Kirsty Ambridge, Daniel M. Barrett, Tanya Bayzetinova, Philip Jones, Wendy D. Jones, Daniel King, Netravathi Krishnappa, Laura E. Mason, Tarjinder Singh, Adrian R. Tivey, Munaza Ahmed, Uruj Anjum, Hayley Archer, Ruth Armstrong, Jana Awada, Meena Balasubramanian, Siddharth Banka, Diana Baralle, Angela Barnicoat, Paul Batstone, David Baty, Chris Bennett, Jonathan Berg, Birgitta Bernhard, A. Paul Bevan, Maria Bitner-Glindzicz, Edward Blair, Moira Blyth, David Bohanna, Louise Bourdon, David Bourn, Lisa Bradley, Angela Brady, Simon Brent, Carole Brewer, Kate Brunstrom, David J. Bunyan, John Burn, Natalie Canham, Bruce Castle, Kate Chandler, Elena Chatzimichali, Deirdre Cilliers, Angus Clarke, Susan Clasper, Virginia Clowes, Andrea Coates, Trevor Cole, Irina Colgiu, Amanda Collins, Morag N. Collinson, Fiona Connell, Nicola Cooper, Helen Cox, Lara Cresswell, Gareth Cross, Yanick Crow, Mariella D’Alessandro, Tabib Dabir, Rosemarie Davidson, Sally Davies, Dylan de Vries, John Dean, Charu Deshpande, Gemma Devlin, Abhijit Dixit, Angus Dobbie, Alan Donaldson, Dian Donnai, Deirdre Donnelly, Carina Donnelly, Angela Douglas, Sofia Douzgou, Alexis Duncan, Jacqueline Eason, Sian Ellard, Ian Ellis, Frances Elmslie, Karenza Evans, Sarah Everest, Tina Fendick, Richard Fisher, Frances Flinter, Nicola Foulds, Andrew Fry, Alan Fryer, Carol Gardiner, Lorraine Gaunt, Neeti Ghali, Richard Gibbons, Harinder Gill, Judith Goodship, David Goudie, Emma Gray, Andrew Green, Philip Greene, Lynn Greenhalgh, Susan Gribble, Rachel Harrison, Lucy Harrison, Victoria Harrison, Rose Hawkins, Liu He, Stephen Hellens, Alex Henderson, Sarah Hewitt, Lucy Hildyard, Emma Hobson, Simon Holden, Muriel Holder, Susan Holder, Georgina Hollingsworth, Tessa Homfray, Mervyn Humphreys, Jane Hurst, Ben Hutton, Stuart Ingram, Melita Irving, Lily Islam, Andrew Jackson, Joanna Jarvis, Lucy Jenkins, Diana Johnson, Elizabeth Jones, Dragana Josifova, Shelagh Joss, Beckie Kaemba, Sandra Kazembe, Rosemary Kelsell, Bronwyn Kerr, Helen Kingston, Usha Kini, Esther Kinning, Gail Kirby, Claire Kirk, Emma Kivuva, Alison Kraus, Dhavendra Kumar, V. K. Ajith Kumar, Katherine Lachlan, Wayne Lam, Anne Lampe, Caroline Langman, Melissa Lees, Derek Lim, Cheryl Longman, Gordon Lowther, Sally A. Lynch, Alex Magee, Eddy Maher, Alison Male, Sahar Mansour, Karen Marks, Katherine Martin, Una Maye, Emma McCann, Vivienne McConnell, Meriel McEntagart, Ruth McGowan, Kirsten McKay, Shane McKee, Dominic J. McMullan, Susan McNerlan, Catherine McWilliam, Sarju Mehta, Kay Metcalfe, Anna Middleton, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Emma Miles, Shehla Mohammed, Tara Montgomery, David Moore, Sian Morgan, Hood Mugalaasi, Victoria Murday, Helen Murphy, Swati Naik, Andrea Nemeth, Louise Nevitt, Ruth Newbury-Ecob, Andrew Norman, Rosie O’Shea, Caroline Ogilvie, Kai-Ren Ong, Soo-Mi Park, Michael J. Parker, Chirag Patel, Joan Paterson, Stewart Payne, Daniel Perrett, Julie Phipps, Daniela T. Pilz, Martin Pollard, Caroline Pottinger, Joanna Poulton, Norman Pratt, Katrina Prescott, Sue Price, Abigail Pridham, Annie Procter, Hellen Purnell, Oliver Quarrell, Nicola Ragge, Raheleh Rahbari, Josh Randall, Julia Rankin, Lucy Raymond, Debbie Rice, Leema Robert, Eileen Roberts, Jonathan Roberts, Paul Roberts, Gillian Roberts, Alison Ross, Elisabeth Rosser, Anand Saggar, Shalaka Samant, Julian Sampson, Richard Sandford, Ajoy Sarkar, Susann Schweiger, Richard Scott, Ingrid Scurr, Ann Selby, Anneke Seller, Cheryl Sequeira, Nora Shannon, Saba Sharif, Charles Shaw-Smith, Emma Shearing, Debbie Shears, Eamonn Sheridan, Ingrid Simonic, Roldan Singzon, Zara Skitt, Audrey Smith, Kath Smith, Sarah Smithson, Linda Sneddon, Miranda Splitt, Miranda Squires, Fiona Stewart, Helen Stewart, Volker Straub, Mohnish Suri, Vivienne Sutton, Ganesh Jawahar Swaminathan, Elizabeth Sweeney, Kate Tatton-Brown, Cat Taylor, Rohan Taylor, Mark Tein, I. Karen Temple, Jenny Thomson, Marc Tischkowitz, Susan Tomkins, Audrey Torokwa, Becky Treacy, Claire Turner, Peter Turnpenny, Carolyn Tysoe, Anthony Vandersteen, Vinod Varghese, Pradeep Vasudevan, Parthiban Vijayarangakannan, Julie Vogt, Emma Wakeling, Sarah Wallwark, Jonathon Waters, Astrid Weber, Diana Wellesley, Margo Whiteford, Sara Widaa, Sarah Wilcox, Emily Wilkinson, Denise Williams, Nicola Williams, Louise Wilson, Geoff Woods, Christopher Wragg, Michael Wright, Laura Yates, Michael Yau, Chris Nellåker, Michael Parker, Helen V. Firth, Caroline F. Wright, David R. FitzPatrick, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Matthew E. Hurles, Saeed Al Turki, Carl Anderson, Richard Anney, Dinu Antony, Maria Soler Artigas, Muhammad Ayub, Senduran Balasubramaniam, Inês Barroso, Phil Beales, Jamie Bentham, Shoumo Bhattacharya, Ewan Birney, Douglas Blackwood, Martin Bobrow, Elena Bochukova, Patrick Bolton, Rebecca Bounds, Chris Boustred, Gerome Breen, Mattia Calissano, Keren Carss, Krishna Chatterjee, Lu Chen, Antonio Ciampi, Sebhattin Cirak, Peter Clapham, Gail Clement, Guy Coates, David Collier, Catherine Cosgrove, Tony Cox, Nick Craddock, Lucy Crooks, Sarah Curran, David Curtis, Allan Daly, Aaron Day-Williams, Ian N.M. Day, Thomas Down, Yuanping Du, Ian Dunham, Sarah Edkins, Peter Ellis, David Evans, Sadaf Faroogi, Ghazaleh Fatemifar, David R. Fitzpatrick, Paul Flicek, James Flyod, A. Reghan Foley, Christopher S. Franklin, Marta Futema, Louise Gallagher, Matthias Geihs, Daniel Geschwind, Heather Griffin, Xueqin Guo, Xiaosen Guo, Hugh Gurling, Deborah Hart, Audrey Hendricks, Peter Holmans, Bryan Howie, Liren Huang, Tim Hubbard, Steve E. Humphries, Pirro Hysi, David K. Jackson, Yalda Jamshidi, Tian Jing, Chris Joyce, Jane Kaye, Thomas Keane, Julia Keogh, John Kemp, Karen Kennedy, Anja Kolb-Kokocinski, Genevieve Lachance, Cordelia Langford, Daniel Lawson, Irene Lee, Monkol Lek, Jieqin Liang, Hong Lin, Rui Li, Yingrui Li, Ryan Liu, Jouko Lönnqvist, Margarida Lopes, Valentina Iotchkova, Daniel MacArthur, Jonathan Marchini, John Maslen, Mangino Massimo, Iain Mathieson, Gaëlle Marenne, Peter McGuffin, Andrew McIntosh, Andrew G. McKechanie, Andrew McQuillin, Sarah Metrustry, Hannah Mitchison, Alireza Moayyeri, James Morris, Francesco Muntoni, Kate Northstone, Michael O'Donnovan, Alexandros Onoufriadis, Stephen O'Rahilly, Karim Oualkacha, Michael J. Owen, Aarno Palotie, Kalliope Panoutsopoulou, Victoria Parker, Jeremy R. Parr, Lavinia Paternoster, Tiina Paunio, Felicity Payne, Olli Pietilainen, Vincent Plagnol, Lydia Quaye, Michael A. Quail, Karola Rehnström, Susan Ring, Graham R.S. Ritchie, Nicola Roberts, David B. Savage, Peter Scambler, Stephen Schiffels, Miriam Schmidts, Nadia Schoenmakers, Robert K. Semple, Eva Serra, Sally I. Sharp, So-Youn Shin, David Skuse, Kerrin Small, Lorraine Southam, Olivera Spasic-Boskovic, David St Clair, Jim Stalker, Elizabeth Stevens, Beate St Pourcian, Jianping Sun, Jaana Suvisaari, Ionna Tachmazidou, Martin D. Tobin, Ana Valdes, Margriet Van Kogelenberg, Peter M. Visscher, Louise V. Wain, James T.R. Walters, Guangbiao Wang, Jun Wang, Yu Wang, Kirsten Ward, Elanor Wheeler, Tamieka Whyte, Hywel Williams, Kathleen A. Williamson, Crispian Wilson, Kim Wong, ChangJiang Xu, Jian Yang, Fend Zhang, Pingbo Zhang, Timothy Aitman, Hana Alachkar, Sonia Ali, Louise Allen, David Allsup, Gautum Ambegaonkar, Julie Anderson, Richard Antrobus, Gavin Arno, Gururaj Arumugakani, Sofie Ashford, William Astle, Antony Attwood, Steve Austin, Chiara Bacchelli, Tamam Bakchoul, Tadbir K. Bariana, Helen Baxendale, David Bennett, Claire Bethune, Shahnaz Bibi, Marta Bleda, Harm Boggard, Paula Bolton-Maggs, Claire Booth, John R. Bradley, Angie Brady, Matthew Brown, Michael Browning, Christine Bryson, Siobhan Burns, Paul Calleja, Jenny Carmichael, Mark Caulfield, Elizabeth Chalmers, Anita Chandra, Patrick Chinnery, Manali Chitre, Colin Church, Emma Clement, Naomi Clements-Brod, Gerry Coghlan, Peter Collins, Nichola Cooper, Amanda Creaser-Myers, Rosa DaCosta, Louise Daugherty, Sophie Davies, John Davis, Minka De Vries, Patrick Deegan, Sri V.V. Deevi, Lisa Devlin, Eleanor Dewhurst, Rainer Doffinger, Natalie Dormand, Elizabeth Drewe, David Edgar, William Egner, Wendy N. Erber, Marie Erwood, Tamara Everington, Remi Favier, Helen Firth, Debra Fletcher, James C. Fox, Amy Frary, Kathleen Freson, Bruce Furie, Abigail Furnell, Daniel Gale, Alice Gardham, Michael Gattens, Pavandeep K. Ghataorhe, Rohit Ghurye, Simon Gibbs, Kimberley Gilmour, Paul Gissen, Sarah Goddard, Keith Gomez, Pavel Gordins, Stefan Gräf, Daniel Greene, Alan Greenhalgh, Andreas Greinacher, Sofia Grigoriadou, Scott Hackett, Charaka Hadinnapola, Rosie Hague, Matthias Haimel, Csaba Halmagyi, Tracey Hammerton, Daniel Hart, Grant Hayman, Johan W.M. Heemskerk, Robert Henderson, Anke Hensiek, Yvonne Henskens, Archana Herwadkar, Fengyuan Hu, Aarnoud Huissoon, Marc Humbert, Roger James, Stephen Jolles, Rashid Kazmi, David Keeling, Peter Kelleher, Anne M. Kelly, Fiona Kennedy, David Kiely, Nathalie Kingston, Ania Koziell, Deepa Krishnakumar, Taco W. Kuijpers, Dinakantha Kumararatne, Manju Kurian, Michael A. Laffan, Michele P. Lambert, Hana Lango Allen, Allan Lawrie, Sara Lear, Claire Lentaigne, Ri Liesner, Rachel Linger, Hilary Longhurst, Lorena Lorenzo, Rajiv Machado, Rob Mackenzie, Robert MacLaren, Eamonn Maher, Jesmeen Maimaris, Sarah Mangles, Ania Manson, Rutendo Mapeta, Hugh S. Markus, Jennifer Martin, Larahmie Masati, Mary Mathias, Vera Matser, Anna Maw, Elizabeth McDermott, Coleen McJannet, Stuart Meacham, Sharon Meehan, Karyn Megy, Michel Michaelides, Carolyn M. Millar, Shahin Moledina, Anthony Moore, Nicholas Morrell, Andrew Mumford, Sai Murng, Elaine Murphy, Sergey Nejentsev, Sadia Noorani, Paquita Nurden, Eric Oksenhendler, Willem H. Ouwehand, Sofia Papadia, Alasdair Parker, John Pasi, Chris Patch, Jeanette Payne, Andrew Peacock, Kathelijne Peerlinck, Christopher J. Penkett, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, David J. Perry, Val Pollock, Gary Polwarth, Mark Ponsford, Waseem Qasim, Isabella Quinti, Stuart Rankin, Karola Rehnstrom, Evan Reid, Christopher J. Rhodes, Michael Richards, Sylvia Richardson, Alex Richter, Irene Roberts, Matthew Rondina, Catherine Roughley, Kevin Rue-Albrecht, Crina Samarghitean, Saikat Santra, Ravishankar Sargur, Sinisa Savic, Sol Schulman, Harald Schulze, Marie Scully, Suranjith Seneviratne, Carrock Sewell, Olga Shamardina, Debbie Shipley, Ilenia Simeoni, Suthesh Sivapalaratnam, Kenneth Smith, Aman Sohal, Laura Southgate, Simon Staines, Emily Staples, Hans Stauss, Penelope Stein, Jonathan Stephens, Kathleen Stirrups, Sophie Stock, Jay Suntharalingam, R. Campbell Tait, Kate Talks, Yvonne Tan, Jecko Thachil, James Thaventhiran, Ellen Thomas, Moira Thomas, Dorothy Thompson, Adrian Thrasher, Catherine Titterton, Cheng-Hock Toh, Mark Toshner, Carmen Treacy, Richard Trembath, Salih Tuna, Wojciech Turek, Ernest Turro, Chris Van Geet, Marijke Veltman, Julie von Ziegenweldt, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Ivy Wanjiku, Timothy Q. Warner, Hugh Watkins, Andrew Webster, Steve Welch, Sarah Westbury, John Wharton, Deborah Whitehorn, Martin Wilkins, Lisa Willcocks, Catherine Williamson, Geoffrey Woods, John Wort, Nigel Yeatman, Patrick Yong, Tim Young, Ping Yu, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Pediatric surgery, APH - Aging & Later Life, Molecular cell biology and Immunology, Pulmonary medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, and APH - Quality of Care

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Adolescent, Loss of Heterozygosity, Context (language use), Postnatal microcephaly, Neurotransmission, medicine.disease_cause, Bioinformatics, Synaptic Transmission, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Calcium Channels, N-Type, Report, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Child, Genetics (clinical), Mutation, Dyskinesias, business.industry, Infant, medicine.disease, Hypotonia, Pedigree, 030104 developmental biology, Dyskinesia, Child, Preschool, Calcium, Female, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

© 2019 American Society of Human Genetics The occurrence of non-epileptic hyperkinetic movements in the context of developmental epileptic encephalopathies is an increasingly recognized phenomenon. Identification of causative mutations provides an important insight into common pathogenic mechanisms that cause both seizures and abnormal motor control. We report bi-allelic loss-of-function CACNA1B variants in six children from three unrelated families whose affected members present with a complex and progressive neurological syndrome. All affected individuals presented with epileptic encephalopathy, severe neurodevelopmental delay (often with regression), and a hyperkinetic movement disorder. Additional neurological features included postnatal microcephaly and hypotonia. Five children died in childhood or adolescence (mean age of death: 9 years), mainly as a result of secondary respiratory complications. CACNA1B encodes the pore-forming subunit of the pre-synaptic neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2/N-type, crucial for SNARE-mediated neurotransmission, particularly in the early postnatal period. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in CACNA1B are predicted to cause disruption of Ca2+ influx, leading to impaired synaptic neurotransmission. The resultant effect on neuronal function is likely to be important in the development of involuntary movements and epilepsy. Overall, our findings provide further evidence for the key role of Cav2.2 in normal human neurodevelopment.

Published
2018
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19. Histone Lysine Methylases and Demethylases in the Landscape of Human Developmental Disorders

Author

Víctor Faundes, William G. Newman, Laura Bernardini, Natalie Canham, Jill Clayton-Smith, Bruno Dallapiccola, Sally J. Davies, Michelle K. Demos, Amy Goldman, Harinder Gill, Rachel Horton, Bronwyn Kerr, Dhavendra Kumar, Anna Lehman, Shane McKee, Jenny Morton, Michael J. Parker, Julia Rankin, Lisa Robertson, I. Karen Temple, Siddharth Banka, Shelin Adam, Christèle du Souich, Alison M. Elliott, Jill Mwenifumbo, Tanya N. Nelson, Clara van Karnebeek, Jan M. Friedman, Jeremy F. McRae, Stephen Clayton, Tomas W. Fitzgerald, Joanna Kaplanis, Elena Prigmore, Diana Rajan, Alejandro Sifrim, Stuart Aitken, Nadia Akawi, Mohsan Alvi, Kirsty Ambridge, Daniel M. Barrett, Tanya Bayzetinova, Philip Jones, Wendy D. Jones, Daniel King, Netravathi Krishnappa, Laura E. Mason, Tarjinder Singh, Adrian R. Tivey, Munaza Ahmed, Uruj Anjum, Hayley Archer, Ruth Armstrong, Jana Awada, Meena Balasubramanian, Diana Baralle, Angela Barnicoat, Paul Batstone, David Baty, Chris Bennett, Jonathan Berg, Birgitta Bernhard, A. Paul Bevan, Maria Bitner-Glindzicz, Edward Blair, Moira Blyth, David Bohanna, Louise Bourdon, David Bourn, Lisa Bradley, Angela Brady, Simon Brent, Carole Brewer, Kate Brunstrom, David J. Bunyan, John Burn, Bruce Castle, Kate Chandler, Elena Chatzimichali, Deirdre Cilliers, Angus Clarke, Susan Clasper, Virginia Clowes, Andrea Coates, Trevor Cole, Irina Colgiu, Amanda Collins, Morag N. Collinson, Fiona Connell, Nicola Cooper, Helen Cox, Lara Cresswell, Gareth Cross, Yanick Crow, Mariella D’Alessandro, Tabib Dabir, Rosemarie Davidson, Sally Davies, Dylan de Vries, John Dean, Charu Deshpande, Gemma Devlin, Abhijit Dixit, Angus Dobbie, Alan Donaldson, Dian Donnai, Deirdre Donnelly, Carina Donnelly, Angela Douglas, Sofia Douzgou, Alexis Duncan, Jacqueline Eason, Sian Ellard, Ian Ellis, Frances Elmslie, Karenza Evans, Sarah Everest, Tina Fendick, Richard Fisher, Frances Flinter, Nicola Foulds, Andrew Fry, Alan Fryer, Carol Gardiner, Lorraine Gaunt, Neeti Ghali, Richard Gibbons, Judith Goodship, David Goudie, Emma Gray, Andrew Green, Philip Greene, Lynn Greenhalgh, Susan Gribble, Rachel Harrison, Lucy Harrison, Victoria Harrison, Rose Hawkins, Liu He, Stephen Hellens, Alex Henderson, Sarah Hewitt, Lucy Hildyard, Emma Hobson, Simon Holden, Muriel Holder, Susan Holder, Georgina Hollingsworth, Tessa Homfray, Mervyn Humphreys, Jane Hurst, Ben Hutton, Stuart Ingram, Melita Irving, Lily Islam, Andrew Jackson, Joanna Jarvis, Lucy Jenkins, Diana Johnson, Elizabeth Jones, Dragana Josifova, Shelagh Joss, Beckie Kaemba, Sandra Kazembe, Rosemary Kelsell, Helen Kingston, Usha Kini, Esther Kinning, Gail Kirby, Claire Kirk, Emma Kivuva, Alison Kraus, V.K. Ajith Kumar, Katherine Lachlan, Wayne Lam, Anne Lampe, Caroline Langman, Melissa Lees, Derek Lim, Cheryl Longman, Gordon Lowther, Sally A. Lynch, Alex Magee, Eddy Maher, Alison Male, Sahar Mansour, Karen Marks, Katherine Martin, Una Maye, Emma McCann, Vivienne McConnell, Meriel McEntagart, Ruth McGowan, Kirsten McKay, Dominic J. McMullan, Susan McNerlan, Catherine McWilliam, Sarju Mehta, Kay Metcalfe, Anna Middleton, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Emma Miles, Shehla Mohammed, Tara Montgomery, David Moore, Sian Morgan, Hood Mugalaasi, Victoria Murday, Helen Murphy, Swati Naik, Andrea Nemeth, Louise Nevitt, Ruth Newbury-Ecob, Andrew Norman, Rosie O’Shea, Caroline Ogilvie, Kai-Ren Ong, Soo-Mi Park, Chirag Patel, Joan Paterson, Stewart Payne, Daniel Perrett, Julie Phipps, Daniela T. Pilz, Martin Pollard, Caroline Pottinger, Joanna Poulton, Norman Pratt, Katrina Prescott, Sue Price, Abigail Pridham, Annie Procter, Hellen Purnell, Oliver Quarrell, Nicola Ragge, Raheleh Rahbari, Josh Randall, Lucy Raymond, Debbie Rice, Leema Robert, Eileen Roberts, Jonathan Roberts, Paul Roberts, Gillian Roberts, Alison Ross, Elisabeth Rosser, Anand Saggar, Shalaka Samant, Julian Sampson, Richard Sandford, Ajoy Sarkar, Susann Schweiger, Richard Scott, Ingrid Scurr, Ann Selby, Anneke Seller, Cheryl Sequeira, Nora Shannon, Saba Sharif, Charles Shaw-Smith, Emma Shearing, Debbie Shears, Eamonn Sheridan, Ingrid Simonic, Roldan Singzon, Zara Skitt, Audrey Smith, Kath Smith, Sarah Smithson, Linda Sneddon, Miranda Splitt, Miranda Squires, Fiona Stewart, Helen Stewart, Volker Straub, Mohnish Suri, Vivienne Sutton, Ganesh Jawahar Swaminathan, Elizabeth Sweeney, Kate Tatton-Brown, Cat Taylor, Rohan Taylor, Mark Tein, Jenny Thomson, Marc Tischkowitz, Susan Tomkins, Audrey Torokwa, Becky Treacy, Claire Turner, Peter Turnpenny, Carolyn Tysoe, Anthony Vandersteen, Vinod Varghese, Pradeep Vasudevan, Parthiban Vijayarangakannan, Julie Vogt, Emma Wakeling, Sarah Wallwark, Jonathon Waters, Astrid Weber, Diana Wellesley, Margo Whiteford, Sara Widaa, Sarah Wilcox, Emily Wilkinson, Denise Williams, Nicola Williams, Louise Wilson, Geoff Woods, Christopher Wragg, Michael Wright, Laura Yates, Michael Yau, Chris Nellåker, Michael Parker, Helen V. Firth, Caroline F. Wright, David R. FitzPatrick, Jeffrey C. Barrett, and Matthew E. . Hurles

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, ASH1L, Male, Methyltransferase, Adolescent, Histone lysine methylation, KMT5B, Developmental Disabilities, Haploinsufficiency, Biology, Compound heterozygosity, histone lysine methyltransferase, Chromatin remodeling, chromatin remodeling, 03 medical and health sciences, histone lysine demethylase, Report, Genetics, Humans, Child, Genetics (clinical), Regulation of gene expression, Histone Demethylases, Developmental disorders, KMT2C, KMT2B, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, 030104 developmental biology, Histone, Overgrowth syndrome, Child, Preschool, Mutation, biology.protein, KDM5B, Female
Abstract

Histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs) underpin gene regulation. Here we demonstrate that variants causing haploinsufficiency of KMTs and KDMs are frequently encountered in individuals with developmental disorders. Using a combination of human variation databases and existing animal models, we determine 22 KMTs and KDMs as additional candidates for dominantly inherited developmental disorders. We show that KMTs and KDMs that are associated with, or are candidates for, dominant developmental disorders tend to have a higher level of transcription, longer canonical transcripts, more interactors, and a higher number and more types of post-translational modifications than other KMT and KDMs. We provide evidence to firmly associate KMT2C, ASH1L, and KMT5B haploinsufficiency with dominant developmental disorders. Whereas KMT2C or ASH1L haploinsufficiency results in a predominantly neurodevelopmental phenotype with occasional physical anomalies, KMT5B mutations cause an overgrowth syndrome with intellectual disability. We further expand the phenotypic spectrum of KMT2B-related disorders and show that some individuals can have severe developmental delay without dystonia at least until mid-childhood. Additionally, we describe a recessive histone lysine-methylation defect caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous KDM5B variants and resulting in a recognizable syndrome with developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and camptodactyly. Collectively, these results emphasize the significance of histone lysine methylation in normal human development and the importance of this process in human developmental disorders. Our results demonstrate that systematic clinically oriented pathway-based analysis of genomic data can accelerate the discovery of rare genetic disorders.

Published
2017
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22. Narratives of Conception, Gestation, and Labour in Sanskrit Āyurvedic Texts

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Anthropology, business.industry, Medicine (miscellaneous), Gender studies, History of medicine, language.human_language, Asian studies, Complementary and alternative medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), language, Medicine, Narrative, Sanskrit, business, Sexual difference
Abstract

This essay looks at the ways in which medical discourse in Sanskrit is linguistically and meaningfully constructed, especially when this discourse directly addresses sexual difference in textual understandings of the ways in which conception, gestation, and the quotidian details of the birth experience are described by the multiple authors of these texts, and in some cases, by their commentators. I see it as my task to uncover and discuss the conceptual position of women in early ayurvedic literature; as objects of practice, but also as medical ̒actors̓ in and of themselves. In my conclusion, I will include some of my own speculations on the transmission of gynecological and obstetric knowledge, on what is ̒public̓ or ̒private̓ knowledge and on what could possibly be construed as ̒male̓ or ̒female̓ science. I will be paying particular attention to the gendered nature of medical authority in my concluding remarks, especially when analysing several circumstances in which women appear as agents and actors. I see āyurvedic texts as part of a larger cultural world: they share information and attitudes with other Sanskrit textual genres, particularly with dharma-śāstras (legal treatises), especially when the subjects in question turn to women and the regulation of their bodies in times of ritual pollution and reproductivity.

Published
2005
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23. Book reviews and notices

Author

Michael H. Fisher, Gregory C. Kozlowski, Kurtis R. Schaeffer, Francis X. Clooney, Carl Olson, Martha Ann Selby, Thomas Forsthoefel, Lise F. Vail, Rebecca J. Manring, Narasingha P. Sil, Brian K. Pennington, Ashley James Dawson, and Sarah Hodges

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Religious studies
Published
2002
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26. Véronique Bouillier and Gilles Tarabout (eds), Images du corps dans le monde hindou, Paris, CNRS Editions, 2002, pp. 509, illus., €42.00 (paperback 2-271-06060-5)

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
History, Hinduism, Personhood, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine (miscellaneous), Making-of, Object (philosophy), language.human_language, Aesthetics, language, Orientalism, Ideology, Sociology, Sanskrit, General Nursing, Mysticism, media_common
Abstract

Beautifully illustrated and organized with great strategy, this collection of essays is dedicated to the study of “the body as cultural object” (p. 9) in the Hindu world, from the disciplines of history, anthropology, and sociology. The essays provide a wide range of ideas about the body in a variety of contexts, and in its animate and, in the end, inanimate forms. In their introduction, Veronique Bouillier and Gilles Tarabout take great care to situate their collection within the growing bibliography of books dedicated to the study of the body in India. They include a useful overview of the body in the anthropological theories of Louis Dumont (in ideological terms) and of McKim Marriott (in transactive terms), and in doing so, point out that in both camps, the body is “relegated to the margins of analysis” (p. 23). They argue instead for an understanding of the body in its multiple contexts. They describe their book as one which, through its various approaches, will reveal “the reality (or the realities) of bodies” in Hindu India, demonstrated in “popular oral traditions, bodily practices, ritualized or not, in legal statutes” and so on, that will collectively show “continuities between traditional textual knowledge and observed practices”, as well as disjunctures in such a way as to “avoid reductionism” (p. 25). As they write, “there is not just one unique body, nor is there just one way of talking about it” (p. 26). The book is divided into four major segments, each consisting of four discrete articles, and ends with a coda on the body in death. The first segment, titled ‘Logiques descriptives’, begins with an article by Francis Zimmermann, who identifies two phases in the study of Hindu bodies. He describes the first phase as the emergence of a “Hindu science, formulated at the birth—under the pen of Indian intellectuals themselves—of an indigenous orientalism of nationalist inspiration, which emerged in the public colonial space” (pp. 49–50). The second phase is characterized by “a new militant orientalism, forged in the West”, by westerners infatuated “with Hindu spirituality and the political movement of the counter-culture” (pp. 50–1). While Zimmermann writes of plurality and change in approaches to the study of the Hindu body, Dominik Wujastyk directs us to plural images of the body that can be found in the Hindu tradition itself. Michael Angot meanwhile discusses linguistic structures, especially noun-noun juxtapositions, and the making of meaning through mystical and ritual correspondence in early Sanskrit religious literature. The last article of this section is set in contemporary Kerala. Gilles Tarabout addresses the phenomenon of “double impurity”; in this case, that of an astrologer's body because of a birth in his family, and the resulting sympathetic pollution of the “body” of the local temple. The second section, ‘Univers esoteriques’, is opened by Andre Padoux with an essay titled ‘Corps et cosmos’, which discusses the yoga's body in history. Although largely descriptive, this article serves as a lucid, basic introduction for the other three in this segment and also stands in instructive contrast with Angot's preceding essay. David G White moves the conversation on to the specifics of textual description, his contribution being centred on a translation of the third chapter of a treatise, Goraksanātha's Siddhasiddhāntapaddhati. Richard A Darmon's essay deals with the intimate specifics of actual tantric practice, including a survey of the valorization of semen in classical texts and on into the tantric textual corpus, in which is found an explicit association of ejaculation with death. Finally, White's homologies between the human body and the macrocosm come alive in Bāul musical and poetic expression in France Bhattacharya's contribution. The third section begins with Gerard Colas's documentation of the few remaining araiyar families of traditional singers and actors, who recite and enact significant portions of the Divyaprabandham, a medieval Tamil text. Colas provides an engaging overview of the body's place in Vaisnava practice in South India. Sarasvati Joshi directs our attention to women's “self-regard, for their powers, their bodies, [and] in their relationships with their husbands and in-laws” (p. 315). Josiane Racine then documents bodily practices related to the god in the environs of Pondicherry. Turning to the world of Bollywood films, Emmanuel Grimaud describes the body of the actor as it is thrust in the midst of “multidimensional negotiations” (p. 371) that hinge on many factors of film production, such as certain types of close-up shots and dance. The book's final segment, titled ‘Constructions sociales’, begins with Marie-Caroline Saglio-Yatzimirsky's essay, in which she identifies three levels of stigma associated with the bodies of various castes of leatherworkers: dress, odour, and skin colour. She analyses the leatherworker's body in its mythological contexts. Veronique Bouillier then defines the body as “the medium where punishment is inscribed” (p. 424) and as an “object of the law” (p. 425). She focuses on an 1853 Nepali book of statutes, the Muluki Ain, which lists fines imposed for the crime of assaulting someone with chillies in various orifices of the body—the more intimate the orifice, the steeper the fine. Also on aspects of law, Livia Sorrentino-Holden's article is devoted to Indian marriage law, which has been “in a state of constant evolution since Independence” due to tensions between reformers and orthodox requirements (p. 435). Filippo Osella and Caroline Osella return us to Kerala, where they collected data on questions of “nature and nurture” in an administrative unit in that state's most important rice-growing region. Their analyses, which emphasize fluidity and interdependence in local ideas about identity, heredity, and personhood, are based on two terms that refer to the qualities of “what is stable and what changes in a person, janiccu or natural qualities, considered to be ‘fixed’—and samsa or worldly qualities, which are fluid and flexible” (p. 470). The volume ends, appropriately enough, with Gilles Grevin's empirical study of cremation in India and Nepal. Carefully measuring the changing temperatures of the burning bier throughout the process of combustion, he ponders the problem of “the absent body” in the archaeological record. Read as a whole, these essays interconnect to give the reader an excellent sense of what embodiment means in the Hindu world. We also gain an almost overwhelming sense of the body's changing history, as well as history's implications for the body. This volume has great potential as a basic teaching text—I can imagine its becoming a classic, in fact—and I urge the editors to investigate the possibility of publishing an English version, if one is not already in the works.

Published
2009
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30. Desire for Meaning: Providing Contexts for Prākrit Gāthās

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Literature, History, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Interpretation (philosophy), Emblem, language.human_language, Symbol, Scholarship, Reading (process), language, Meaning (existential), Dream, Sanskrit, business, Social psychology, media_common
Abstract

In general, readers, commentators, translators, and reviewers are bound to see shadows of themselves or of their own concerns in a poem. A poem is, in fact, a “patch” between desire and reality. Like a dream, a poem can be viewed as “reality encoded” (Skura 1981, 126). The issue is not what is actually on the page, what critic Harold Bloom calls the “manifest text” (Bloom 1987, 3). The poem is really what exists in that misty place between “writing” and “reading,” the “latent text,” the poem that lives in symbol or emblem. Though a poem certainly has a static life on a page, the actual events of reading, interpretation, and commentary are what give a poem a vital historical life. We are fortunate that over a millennium and a half of Sanskrit scholarship has yielded up to us actual records of historical moments of reading. And, since these recorded “moments” have become traditionally attached to various types of printed text, many of these commentaries have become as vital as the text itself. In some instances they have even superseded the text, as is true, I believe, in the case of Abhinavagupta's commentary on Ānandavardhana's Dhvanyāloka.

Published
1996
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32. Tamil Love Poetry : The Five Hundred Short Poems of the Ainkurunuru

Author

Martha Ann Selby and Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Love poetry, Tamil--Translations into English, Tamil poetry--To 1500--Translations into English
Abstract

Dating from the early decades of the third century C.E., the Ainkurunuru is believed to be the world's earliest anthology of classical Tamil love poetry. Commissioned by a Cera-dynasty king and composed by five masterful poets, the anthology illustrates the five landscapes of reciprocal love: jealous quarreling, anxious waiting and lamentation, clandestine love before marriage, elopement and love in separation, and patient waiting after marriage. Despite its centrality to literary and intellectual traditions, the Ainkurunuru remains relatively unknown beyond specialists. Martha Ann Selby, well-known translator of classical Indian poetry and literature, takes the bold step of opening this anthology to all readers, presenting crystalline translations of 500 poems dense with natural imagery and early examples of South Indian culture. Because of their form's short length, the anthology's five authors rely on double entendre and sophisticated techniques of suggestion, giving their poems an almost haikulike feel. Groups of verse center on one unique figure, in some cases an object or an animal, in others a line of direct address or a specific conversation or situation. Selby introduces each section with a biographical sketch of the poet and the conventions at work within the landscape. She then incorporates notes explaining shifting contexts. Excerpt:He has gone off all by himselfbeyond the wasteswhere tigers used to prowland the toothbrush trees grow tall,their trunks parched,on the flinty mountains, while the lovely folds of your loins, wide as a chariot's seat, vanish as your circlet worked from gold grows far too large for you.

Published
2011

33. 1. Marutam

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Literature, Poetry, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Art, business, media_common
Published
2011
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34. 2. Neytal

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Literature, Poetry, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Art, business, media_common
Published
2011
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35. 3. Kuṟiñci

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Literature, Poetry, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Art, business, Humanities, media_common
Published
2011
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36. Tamil Love Poetry

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Literature, Poetry, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Tamil, language, Art, business, language.human_language, media_common
Published
2011
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37. 4. Pālai

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Literature, Poetry, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Separation (statistics), Art, business, media_common
Published
2011
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45. Rahul Peter Das, The origin of the life of a human being: conception and the female according to ancient Indian medical and sexological literature, Indian Medical Tradition, vol. 6Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 2003, pp. xvi, 728, Rs. 1250 (hardback 81-208-1998-5)

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
Literature, History, Glossary, business.industry, Subject (philosophy), Medicine (miscellaneous), language.human_language, Writing style, Nothing, language, Narrative, Paragraph, Suspect, Sanskrit, business, General Nursing
Abstract

In The origin of the life of a human being, Rahul Peter Das explores the fascinating subjects of conception, anatomy, and female “seed” in the Sanskrit medical corpus and in later related texts. A scholarly study that is certainly the only one of its kind, Das lays out for us a vast and staggeringly exhaustive array of materials ordered in quasi-chronological fashion, beginning with the Carakasam˙hitā (circa early to mid-second century CE) and ending with a sampling of materials from later Sanskrit “sexological” works. First of all, I am utterly mystified by this book's title, which is, I suspect, a “hedge” on the part of its publishers, who have had a recent spate of trouble with right-wing Hindus, and who have perhaps chosen such a title in order to mask the actual subject matter of the book, which is not about religious or philosophical formulations on the origins of human life and its “mysteries,” as the main title suggests, but is chiefly about female orgasm, ejaculation, and anatomy. The book has an identifiable “subject,” but there is no narrative or visible line of argument anywhere to be found, nor is there an attempt by the author to provide any sort of cultural context or framework for this material. Das's writing style is also unnecessarily verbose and obfuscatory. He rightly criticizes the importation of inappropriate terms from western medicine in existing translations and discussions of classical Indian medicine, but the book is not helped in any way by his jarring, distasteful, and juvenile criticisms of other scholars. Although Das has done a phenomenal amount of research, he has presented the material with very little imagination and in a way that is of little use to his readers. The volume is unwieldy, and the writing is inelegant, undisciplined, and profoundly difficult to follow or even to assess. Nothing is tightly or crisply reasoned, and the book is instead bursting with tangential discussions and equivocations, basically presenting its readers with piles of questions for which the author offers very few answers. Das's prose loosens up somewhat in the second half of the book, but it is at this point that the writing becomes disturbingly prurient in places, especially in the footnotes. This is not a book about women, but only about their parts. The main body of the book is really only of use to other philologists, and only then if they are invested in the subject and interested in the hair-splitting distinctions in which Das takes great delight. The book is not without its merits or uses, however. In chapter five, Das explains some very interesting passages on uterine receptivity and the problem of “fecund blood” versus regular “menstrual blood” that riddles many discussions of conception in a variety of early Sanskrit genres. His multiple chapters on the Suśrutasam˙hitā, a medical compendium that can be dated to the third century CE, contain some useful and substantive discussions on the nature of female procreative substances and anatomical ducts. His discussion in Appendix I of the relations of Indian medicine with Greek and Yūnānī medical systems is one of the most intelligent I have seen. The glossary found at the back of the book is also excellent and is perhaps the book's most useful aspect. Ultimately, this is an indispensable but very difficult and idiosyncratic study. I would guide readers to Das's conclusion first. If readers are then interested in the specifics of how Das arrived at his concluding summaries, and if they have the patience for it, they can then refer to the material in the preceding chapters, which are luckily coded by chapter and paragraph number in the conclusion itself. The book is overly ambitious, and if Das had worked on a smaller scale and had written more expansively on individual problems, the material would be much more accessible. With keen editing, the entire volume could have been half its length—it is mostly weighed down by Das's excessively chatty and unreadable verbiage. Had Das designed the book around its glossary rather than tacking it on at its end as an appendix, the entire volume would have been much more successful and more useful as a reference.

Published
2005
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46. M S Valiathan, The legacy of Caraka, Hyderabad, Orient Longman, 2003, pp. lxxxvi, 634, Rs 550.00 (hardback 81-250-2505-7). Distributed in UK by Sangam Books Ltd, 57 London Fruit Exchange, Brushfield Street, London E1 6EP

Author

Martha Ann Selby

Subjects
History, Glossary, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine (miscellaneous), Analogy, language.human_language, Reading (process), Realm, language, Sanskrit, General Nursing, Eclecticism, Classics, Period (music), Theme (narrative), media_common
Abstract

The legacy of Caraka is an ambitious “retelling” of the Caraka-saṃhitā, the earliest extant Sanskrit medical manual dating from the early to mid-second century CE. M S Valiathan, a western-trained cardiologist, provides us with a reorganized version of the text in which he has rearranged and condensed the material found in all eight sthānas (“sections”) of the Sanskrit original. He has organized the material according to theme. In his introduction, Valiathan properly highlights the philosophical and religious eclecticism of the Caraka-saṃhitā, emphasizing its non-dogmatic nature. The text's author, Caraka, most likely a physician at the court of Devaputra Kaniṣka, a second-century king of the Kushan empire, was, as Valiathan writes, not a “passive borrower of ideas, and in this case whatever was borrowed, underwent a transformation in his mint” (p. ii). Though generally a very useful book, the introduction is marred by moralizing fabulations (pp. xv–xvi). Valiathan also strains to establish a continuity of tradition from the much older Atharva-veda, which delineates a medicine that is largely based on the deployment of mantras and the bestowing of amulets, up through Caraka's text. He writes of Atharvan “echoes” in the Caraka-saṃhitā, but “echoes” by nature are interpretively suggestive. Valiathan also states that the Atharva-veda “anticipates” the tridoṣa (or “trihumoral”) system of Caraka, but does not provide us with any textual evidence or “proof” to enforce this point of view. But that said, Valiathan includes in his introduction a most useful discussion of diseases, and by systematically plotting the recurrence of the names of disorders in Caraka's text, he attempts to reconstruct the “epidemiologic scene … in Caraka's period through the mist of twenty centuries” (p. xlvi). Fever, of course, wins. The book is strewn with many observations—some of them quite insightful—that speculate on major āyurvedic theories (particularly on tridoṣa and vega, or “urge”) and how they may be thought about in terms of western medical science. As long as we remain solidly in the realm of analogy and do not wander into the problematic realm of correspondence, such speculations are useful, and can serve to deepen a reader's understanding of how these theories “work” in a physiological sense. Valiathan's section on rasas (“tastes”) is particularly good, and the tables that he provides are of great value (e.g. Table 16.1, pp. 107–8, which lists food incompatibilities). He has also chosen to condense the more unwieldy and elaborate portions of the Caraka-saṃhitā, but he never does so without alerting readers to the fact. His “digests” are made with great care—Valiathan never sacrifices the underlying logics and principles prevailing in these portions; in fact, they shine through a bit more clearly than in the original text precisely because of his condensations. The words of modern science and medicine do creep in now and then—“ova”, for instance—and translators as well as the new redactors of Caraka such as Valiathan would do well to avoid making such equations whenever possible (but this is admittedly hard to avoid). Valiathan's decision to provide digests for the lengthier chapters works especially well in his treatments of the Kalpa and Siddhi-sthānas (the sections on “pharmacology” and “cures” respectively), where literally hundreds of formulas for emetics and purgatives are listed. The legacy of Caraka will prove useful as a reference book, and I can imagine assigning sections of it for use in general introductory courses on South Asian cultures and civilizations as well as in more specialized courses on medical anthropology and the history of medicine. Valiathan concludes his book with a list of botanical terms and an excellent glossary. Reading the entire book will help to attune the reader's own intuitions and expectations about how the systems of āyurveda work.

Published
2005
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47. Book Review

Author

Ann Selby, Martha

Subjects
Book Reviews
Published
2005

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