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Background An essential component of patient-centered, individualized medicine is considering how sex and gender affect mechanisms of health and disease. Objectives To assess medical students’ current knowledge of sex and gender specific health (SGSH) concepts compared to results from the same survey in 2012 to better inform development of curricular materials for medical education. Methods A previously designed survey tool, which assessed current knowledge of sex and gender-based medicine of medical students, was emailed to all Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine (MCASOM) students on Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida campuses in 2020. Descriptive and qualitative thematic results were compared to the same survey administered in 2012 to students enrolled in MCASOM. Changes in the inclusion of SGSH topics were assessed over the eight years. Results One hundred and one of 365 (27.7% response rate) surveys were returned with 2:1 female to male respondents with representation from all 4 years. The definitions of the terms “sex” and “gender” were correctly identified by most respondents (93.1%). However, only 36% (12/33) of questions related to other medical knowledge on SGSH topics had more than a 50% correct response rate. More than half of the students reported that SGSH topics were included in Gynecology, Cardiology, Pediatrics, and Immunology. SGSH topics were reported as not being routinely covered in Neurology and Nephrology, although more students said they were in 2020 then 2012. Sixty-two percent of students favored increasing SGSH in the current curriculum. Conclusions Medical students appear to understand the definition of and importance of SGSH in education. While some improvements in coverage by subject matter and topic area appear to have occurred as reported by medical students, opportunity remains to more fully integrate SGSH concepts in medical school curricula.

Background Interventions promoting healthy behaviors such as physical activity are effective to prevent overweight and obesity among adolescents. Following such interventions, body satisfaction change could be discrepant with weight change (e.g. less body satisfaction while having lost weight), and decrease sustainability of behaviors in the long-term. This study aimed to describe the discrepancy between body satisfaction change and weight change among adolescents following a 2-year school-based intervention, and to identify associated sociodemographic factors. Methods Adolescents from the 2-year school-based ‘Promotion de l'Alimentation et de l'Activité Physique’ study conducted in northeastern France from 2006 to 2009 were included. Body satisfaction change was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire at the end of the study. Weight change was measured by the difference of body mass index z-score at end and start of the study. Discrepancy between body satisfaction change and weight change was described with cross-tabulations and weighted Cohen's kappa. Sociodemographic factors associated with discrepancy were determined by multivariate logistic regression models. Results Among the 3279 adolescents included (mean ± standard deviation age= 15.2±0.6 years), the proportion of discrepancy between body satisfaction change and weight change was 74.8% (pessimism= 41.6%; optimism= 33.2%). The weighted Cohen's kappa indicated high discrepancy (?= 0.09; 95% confidence interval [0.07; 0.11]). The likelihood of discrepancy, especially pessimism was higher in boys than in girls (odds ratio= 1.44, 95% confidence interval [1.19; 1.74], p= .0002), and higher in adolescents with high socioeconomic status than in those with low socioeconomic status (odds ratio= 1.82; 95% confidence interval [1.20; 2.74], p= .004) Conclusions Discrepancy between body satisfaction change and weight change was high among school-aged adolescents with increased likelihood for boys and adolescents with high socioeconomic status. Body satisfaction change should be considered in overweight and obesity prevention interventions alongside body weight change, and could be used as an indicator of long-term behavior maintenance.

International audience; This study aimed to describe the discrepancy between body satisfaction change and weight change among adolescents following a 2-year school-based intervention, to identify associated sociodemographic factors, and to explore possible associations with perceived health indicators. We used data from a northeastern France representative adolescents sample (14-18 years old) who participated in the PRALIMAP (PRomotion de l'ALIMentation et de l'Activité Physique) study (2006-2009). Weight change was measured by the change in body mass index z-score from the start to the end of the study. Body satisfaction and self-perceived health (anxiety, depression, eating disorder and quality of life) changes were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Discrepancy between body satisfaction change and weight change was described with cross-tabulations, and subdivided into optimism/pessimism (i.e. positive/negative body satisfaction change compared to weight change). Sociodemographic factors associated with discrepancy were determined by multivariate logistic regression models. Adjusted linear regression models described 2-year change in weight and self-perceived health according to discrepancy. Among the 3279 adolescents included (aged 15.1 ± 0.6 years), the proportion of discrepancy was 74.8% (pessimism = 41.6%; optimism = 33.2%). Discrepancy, especially pessimism, was higher in boys than in girls (OR = 1.44 [1.19; 1.74], p = .0002), and in socially advantaged adolescents (OR = 1.82 [1.20; 2.74], p = .004) than in disadvantage ones. Body satisfaction change was rather in line with anxiety, depression and quality of life changes than weight change. Body satisfaction change should be considered in overweight and obesity prevention interventions alongside body weight change, and could be used as indicator of long-term behavior maintenance. Clinical trials registry and number: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01688453).

After 15 years of dedicated and outstanding service, Dr. Louise Maxfield, Founding Editor of theJournal of EMDR Practice and Research,has retired from her editorial responsibilities. This editorial introduces the first issue under the joint editorship of Dr. Derek Farrell and Jenny Ann Rydberg, who highlight the need to address the future of EMDR therapy in general and theJournal of EMDR Practice and Researchin particular, and welcome a community-informed discussion on new directions.

Introduction L’efficacite a long terme des interventions de prevention du surpoids et de l’obesite chez les adolescents pourrait etre limitee par des divergences entre l’evolution de la satisfaction corporelle et l’evolution reelle de la corpulence. La description de ces divergences, de meme que l’identification des facteurs qui y sont associes restent encore peu etudiees. L’objectif de cette etude etait de decrire les divergences entre l’evolution de la satisfaction corporelle et l’evolution reelle de la corpulence chez des adolescents qui ont participe a une intervention de deux ans, et d’identifier les facteurs sociodemographiques associes. Methodes Les donnees d’adolescents ayant participe a l’essai de prevention PRALIMAP (PRomotion de l’ALIMentation et de l’Activite Physique), realise en milieu scolaire dans le Nord-Est de la France entre 2006 et 2009, ont ete utilisees. L’evolution reelle de la corpulence etait calculee par la difference du z-score de l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) entre le debut (T0) et la fin de l’intervention (T2), et l’evolution de la satisfaction corporelle etait recueillie par auto-questionnaire a T2. Des donnees sur la sante percue (qualite de vie, anxiete, depression et troubles du comportement alimentaire) etaient recueillies par auto-questionnaire a T0 et T2. Des tests t de Student apparies ont ete utilises pour decrire l’evolution reelle de la corpulence en fonction de l’evolution de la satisfaction corporelle. Des tableaux de contingences ont ete realises pour decrire les divergences entre l’evolution de la satisfaction corporelle et l’evolution reelle de la corpulence. Des modeles de regression logistique multivariee ont permis d’identifier les caracteristiques sociodemographiques associees aux divergences. L’evolution (T2-T0) de la sante percue en fonction des divergences identifiees a ete decrite a l’aide de tests t de Student apparies. Resultats Parmi les 3279 adolescents inclus (âge moyen ± ecart type : 15,1 ± 0,6 ans), le z-score de l’IMC diminuait significativement chez ceux qui se sentaient mieux (moyenne= −0,23 ; p Conclusion La frequence de la divergence entre l’evolution de la satisfaction corporelle et l’evolution reelle de la corpulence est elevee chez les adolescents scolarises, et survient avec une probabilite plus elevee chez les garcons et les adolescents issus de milieux sociaux favorises. L’evolution de la satisfaction corporelle pourrait etre prise en compte, au meme titre que l’evolution reelle de la corpulence, dans les interventions de prevention du surpoids et de l’obesite a l’adolescence afin d’optimiser leur efficacite a long-terme.

International audience; As the construct trauma-generated dissociation has received a wide range of meanings in recent years, it may be fruitful to re-visit Pierre Janet's original views. Having been the first researcher to study this phenomenon in depth, he concluded that so-called vehement emotions, that is, those that arise when a major challenge is beyond the individual's capacity for efficient and effective action, entail an integrative failure that involves a disaggregation or dissociation of the personality, especially as part of traumatic experiences. This involves a division of the personality into different subsystems, each with its own sense of self and first-person perspective, manifesting in a range of positive and negative dissociative symptoms. This dissociation involves lower-order integrative actions, which substitute for a full integration of the personality but may have survival value. Not only a lowered integrative capacity, but also a range of inner-directed phobias, play a role in the maintenance of the dissociation of the personality. Therapy, as Janet saw it, needs to aim at heightening the integrative capacity, at overcoming these phobias and, similarly, at improving adaptive actions. This goal may best be achieved through the fostering of so-called empowering of “sthenic” emotions.

Background On the 13th of May 2014, 301 miners lost their lives in a coal mine explosion in Soma, Turkey. A field study was conducted by volunteers under the roof of the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs: Trauma Recovery (EMDR-HAP-TR) organization. Objective All the interventions in this study were aimed to help victims of the disaster. Furthermore, the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention, specifically the EMDR Group Protocol (EMDR-GP) with Children and Caregivers, which was administered to children and mothers who lost their fathers and husbands in the Soma mine disaster. Methods Participants in the study were 25 children and 16 mothers in the intervention group and 25 children and 16 mothers in the control group. The Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale (CROPS) was administered to the children and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was administered to the mothers. In the intervention groupe, the Subjective Units of Disturbance scale (SUD) was administered both to children and to mothers at different times during the intervention, including before and after desensitization, and at the end of the intervention. CROPS and IES-R were administered before the intervention and 1-year post-intervention. In the control group, CROPS was administered to 25 children and IES-R was administered to 16 mothers. As there was no initial inclusion for a control group due to the field intervention, pre-test measures are not available for the control group. Results The SUD ratings and one-year follow-up results on CROPS and IES-R showed that the EMDR-GP reduced all scores for both children and mothers. Compared to the control group, the decrease of CROPS scores in children was found to be significant, while the decrease of IES-R scores in mothers was not. It can be suggested that the EMDR-GP with Children and Caregivers is an effective treatment. Conclusion These preliminary findings need to be verified by further studies with a larger number of participants and other populations. Future studies should also include a grief-based scale in situations where there is a risk of traumatic bereavement.

International audience; Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is putting a strain on health systems around the world. Healthcare workers, on the front lines of the epidemic, are facing major and potentially traumatic stressful events, overwhelming their ability to cope and their resources.Objective: The objective of this article will be to show how the use of the URG-EMDR protocol in a telemental health setting has proven to be feasible and effective in the treatment of a group of healthcare professionals working in nursing homes or hospital services that were highly mobilized during the acute phase of COVID-19.Method: 17 participants, registered nurses (N = 7) and licensed practical nurses (N = 10), were remotely treated using the URG-EMDR protocol in a single session. The assessment focused on anxiety and depressive symptoms (HAD scale) and the level of perceived disturbance (SUD). An additional evaluation of the satisfaction with the remote psychotherapy intervention was conducted.Results: As the URG-EMDR protocol has already proven itself during emergency interventions, it is interesting to note that its remote use in the treatment of healthcare providers caring for COVID-19 patients allows for an improvement in the emotional state and a decrease in perceived disturbance, in a single session. This result is maintained 1 week after the intervention, despite the continued professional activities of the participants and the continuity of the event. Moreover, the remote therapy setting was judged satisfactory by the patients, even if it required adjustments and certain recommendations for practice.Discussion: The remote use of the URG-EMDR protocol opens up innovative perspectives for early interventions and the prevention of the development of psychological disorders in the long term following a situation of acute stress.

International audience; Objective : The objective of this article is to report on an emergency posttraumatic treatment following the November 13, 2015 attacks in Paris.Method : Thirty-six children and 20 adults were treated with EMDR therapy or debriefing within 48 hours after the attacks. Quantitative assessments were performed pre- and post-treatment and at a 3-month follow-up.Results : The EMDR treatment administered to the children and the debriefing used with the adults both showed their efficacy through the reduction on all quantitative measures.Discussion : Our results indicate that the EMDR approach and emergency treatment strategies may be promising treatment strategies that are non-invasive and preventive. Although these results should be completed by studies on larger samples with a control group, they remain promising in that they suggest that an emergency psychological treatment based on EMDR procedures may prove effective in preventing the installation of a post-attack posttraumatic stress disorder.

International audience; EMDR therapy has received international recognition as a treatment of choice for posttraumatic stress disorder and is gaining increasing acknowledgment for other applications. This paper aims to explore whether EMDR therapy is best seen as set of techniques and procedures that may be flexibly integrated within an eclectic or otherwise focused therapy practice drawing upon several methods (EMDR as an integrable method), or as a comprehensive and distinct psychotherapy approach that must be used in its entirety to be optimally effective (EMDR as an integrative and comprehensive psychotherapy). To answer this question, the discussion is situated within the general movement toward psychotherapy integration and the main characteristics of EMDR are explored (the adaptive information processing [AIP] model, the eight-phased approach, the three-pronged protocol, the bilateral or dual attention stimulation) while considering its potential mediators, moderators, and mechanisms of action. These elements are examined to determine if they appear to be unique and idiosyncratic, and whether they may hinder or prevent the integration of EMDR procedures or techniques with other treatment modalities. In conclusion, it is argued that the individual therapist plays a central role in answering this paperʼs question and that EMDR may be applied advantageously as a flexible, integrable method, as a comprehensive, stand-alone psychotherapy approach, and as an integrative psychotherapy approach that may successfully combine its theoretical and practical components with those of other forms of psychotherapy.

Introduction The creation of a new journal on trauma and dissociation is an opportunity to take stock of existing models and theories in order to distinguish mythical, and sometimes dangerous, stories from established facts. Objective To describe the professional, scientific, clinical, and ethical strategies and fallacies that must be envisaged when considering reports, claims, and recommendations relevant to trauma and dissociation. Method After a general overview, two current debates in the field, the stabilisation controversy and the false/recovered memory controversy, are examined in detail to illustrate such issues. Results Misrepresentations, misreports, ethical and logical fallacies are frequent in the general and scientific literature regarding the stabilisation and false/recovered memory controversies. Conclusion A call is made for researchers and clinicians to strengthen their knowledge of and ability to identify such cognitive, logical, and ethical manoeuvres both in scientific literature and general media reports.

Principes de base - indications - Modele du traitement adaptatif de l'information (TAI) - protocoles - Contre indications - cognitions - Protocoles specialises - Blocages du traitement - cas complexes - psychotraumatisme - Neuro imagerie fonctionnelle et structurelle - impact des violences sexuelles - correlats neurobiologiques - traumatisme complexe - dissociation et memoire traumatique - Dissociation structurale - Traumatismes vicariants - Psychose - attachement - Violences domestiques - Traumatismes transgenerationnels - therapie des etats du Moi - therapie familial - EMDR et enfant - Troubles de personnalite borderline - coaching - troubles narcissiques - syndrome de Munchhausen par procuration - psychologie positive - peurs et phobies - l'approche R-TEP Deuil et deuil bloque - maladies cardiovasculaires - gynecologie et obstetrique - dependance aux substances - addictions - troubles psychosomatiques - douleur chronique - troubles sexuels

International audience

International audience; This study focuses on 34 victims of aggression at the workplace, less than 48 hours following the incident of aggression. We compared victims who received an EMDR emergency protocol (URG-EMDR; n = 19) that we developed with those who received a method of intervention called eclectic therapy (n = 15). The results show that URG-EMDR therapy, provided within 48 hours, resulted in a greater decrease in perceived stress and a lower PCL-S score than eclectic therapy did. The scores were lower in both groups after 24 hours, and after 3 months, the drop was significantly greater among the victims treated with the URG-EMDR protocol; none of the EMDR-treated patients exhibited symptoms of posttraumatic stress.

International audience; AbstractIntroduction : The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing PTSD symptoms, anxiety and depression.Method : Thirty-six women participated in this study; 12 were treated with EMDR, 12 received eclectic psychotherapy, and 12 were assigned to the control group.Result : Women in the EMDR condition showed significantly reduced PTSD and anxiety compared with those in the eclectic psychotherapy condition. The two psychotherapy approaches led to significantly reduced scores (PTSD, depression, anxiety) after treatment compared to the control group. These effects were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. Finally, effect sizes for the IES and STAI scores were greater for the subjects in the EMDR condition.Conclusion : This study met our expectations in the sense that our findings confirm the advantages and the potential of EMDR.

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