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Objective: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is manifested by symptoms such as palpable fibrotic bands, ulceration, presence of stiffness in the mouth and lip, xerostomia, pigmentation in the oral mucosal layer, and burning sensation and drying of the mouth. It poses a challenge for researchers as there is no viable therapy for this gradually debilitating disorder with a high malignancy potential. Ayurveda is a traditional medicinal practice of the past and present times which can be useful in providing a viable cure. Thus, the current study was designed to assess and compare the effect of Oxitard capsule and Immusante tablet on the clinical and subjective symptoms of OSMF. Material and Methods: The study included 36 patients with clinically diagnosed OSMF who were split evenly into two groups: Group A, the Oxitard group, and Group B, the Immusante group. For three months, Group A received two Oxitard capsules twice daily, while Group B received two Immusante tablets twice daily. At regular intervals, the clinical parameters were evaluated, and the data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test. P-value≤0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: On assessment of mouth opening, tongue protrusion, cheek flexibility and subjective symptoms there was significant improvement reported in both groups. In group comparison, the Oxitard and Immusante groups showed a significant difference in cheek flexibility at 3 months. There were no significant differences in subjective symptoms in either of the groups pre- and post-treatment. Conclusion: Efficacy of both the drugs were equall was found to be similar when used as an adjunct to tobacco cessation counselling in the management of early stages of oral submucous fibrosis when used as an adjunct to behavioral management.

Abstract Efficient CO2 separation technologies are essential for mitigating climate change. Compared to traditional thermochemical methods, electrochemically mediated carbon capture using redox-tunable sorbents emerges as a promising alternative due to its versatility and energy efficiency. However, the undesirable linear free-energy relationship between redox potential and CO2 binding affinity in existing chemistry makes it fundamentally challenging to optimise key sorbent properties independently via chemical modifications. Here, we demonstrate a design paradigm for electrochemically mediated carbon capture sorbents, which breaks the undesirable scaling relationship by leveraging intramolecular hydrogen bonding in isoindigo derivatives. The redox potentials of isoindigos can be anodically shifted by >350 mV to impart sorbents with high oxygen stability without compromising CO2 binding, culminating in a system with minimised parasitic reactions. With the synthetic space presented, our effort provides a generalisable strategy to finetune interactions between redox-active organic molecules and CO2, addressing a longstanding challenge in developing effective carbon capture methods driven by non-conventional stimuli.

Introduction: The role of trace elements towards dental caries was a topic of interest, with the only trace element of choice as fluoride, but further research has not seriously been considered. Materials and Methods: Children were divided into two groups according to their age and were further stratified into two categories, each depending on their caries status low- and high-caries group. Unstimulated saliva was collected and evaluated three times to assess each selected individual's copper concentration. Results: The mean salivary copper levels are associated with a higher concentration amongst the low-caries group of children from 3 to 5 and 12 to 14 years (0.54 and 0.52), respectively. Conclusions: The study presents an inverse association of copper concentration with caries.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a significant concern affecting oral health status, and visually impaired people are more prone to these injuries than their counterparts. This systematic review aimed to determine the overall prevalence of TDIs across the globe. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases for the studies from inception till 31 December 2021. Cross-reference of the selected manuscripts was also searched and handsearching was done for the studies whose full text was not available through the electronic search. Grey literature was also searched for the studies according to the relevance of this review. Studies published in the English language were able to be translated into the English Language. For the meta-analysis, studies reporting the prevalence of tooth fractures were included. Studies were assessed for quality with the help of the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for studies reporting prevalence data, and the studies were categorised into high/medium/low quality. The random effects model was used for performing a meta-analysis of dental trauma prevalence as the heterogeneity between the studies was high. The search strategy yielded 167 manuscripts after screening through titles and abstracts, full text and removing duplicates. In the end, 27 manuscripts were included in a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the pre-set eligibility criteria. Through meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence for all studies shows an overall prevalence of tooth fractures to be 31.55%. The present review has emphasised the prevalence of dental trauma amongst visually impaired individuals. Sighting the high prevalence of dental trauma amongst this subgroup of the population, there is an urgent need for both comprehensive and incremental dental care for this subgroup of the population. Hence, oral health education should be provided to visually impaired people, parents and caretakers regarding the prevention and availability of treatment for tooth fractures.

Background: In recent years, there has been growing interest in various food trends, including plant-based diets, the Mediterranean diet, the Flexitarian diet, the Paleo diet, Intermittent fasting, DASH (Dietary Approches to Stop Hypertension) diet and Vegan diet. Plant-based diets, which emphasize whole, plant-based foods while limiting or eliminating animal products, have been associated with a range of health benefits. Consumption of certain food trends can have an impact on oral health. However, there is a dearth of literature about the impact of these dietary trends on oral health. Hence, we reviewed the existing literature of these fad diets understanding its components as well as its impact on the oral health. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out on Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science for articles regarding the various types of in trend dietary patterns as well as the effect of these diets on oral health. A total of 241 articles were found after searching the databases for different types of diet and its oral implications. PubMed retrieved 156 titles, 38 articles were shortlisted from Google Scholar, 38 titles were obtained from Scopus and Web of Science yielded 9 titles. Titles and abstracts of the articles were evaluated and 79 articles were shortlisted for reviewing the full text. Out of these 63 articles were selected for inclusion for the review regarding the dietary patterns, general implications and oral health. Results: It was found that while some of the dietary patterns are beneficial for the oral health of an individual there are others which can have some adverse effects. Conclusion: Overall, eating whole, nutrient-dense foods while avoiding processed and acidic foods can improve oral and overall health.

Background: Pain control by means of local anesthesia is an intrinsic part of clinical practice in dentistry. It is an irony that the modality used for pain free procedure itself is a source of fear & anxiety to the patient. Several modifications have been made to the injecting devices, local anesthetic solutions and techniques to render their administration comfortably. The objective of this study was thus designed to evaluate and compare anxiety and pain perception during conventional greater palatine injections versus use of a novel barovibrotactile device named Accupal to give painless anesthesia. This device has an additional attachment which works on Vibra-pulse technology thus minimizing pain during injection technique. Materials and methods: A prospective, split mouth, open label, randomized, crossover clinical study was conducted on 50 patients coming to our institute whereby on one side Accupal was used during administration of local anesthesia. And on other side, traditional local anesthetic injection technique was used with one week of time interval. Results: A statistically significant difference was found as in the pain perception between the two techniques as per Visual Analogue Scale whereas no difference was seen in the anxiety levels as per the physiological parameters recorded by noninvasive blood pressure machine at various intervals. Conclusion: The use of Accupal has thus proved to show better pain control as compared to traditional injection techniques of local anesthesia.

Introduction: Zin c is the second most abundant trace element in human and animals. It is essential for the growth and development in humans and has diverse roles. While the effects of zinc on calculus and plaque growth have been reviewed extensively, its interaction with dental caries has received less attention. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on 60 children belonging to 4–6 and 12–14 years of age groups (30 children in each age group). After intraoral examination, the patients were categorised into low caries (deft

Introduction: Crowding of the teeth is one of the most common anomalies which makes an individual seek orthodontic treatment. Dental crowding is more disturbing to the patients when located in the anterior segment of the dental arch because it often affects the quality of the patient's smile and speech, causing social embarrassment to the patient. Materials and Methods: The maxillary and mandibular casts of 100 subjects belonging to the Andhra population between 13 and 21 years of age were selected and divided into 50 subjects crowded and 50 in the noncrowded group further; we divided the crowded and non-crowded group into 25 males and 25 females in each group. Using measurement tool, individual and collective mesiodistal crown widths of canine, first and second premolar and first molar and arch perimeter of both the maxillary and mandibular jaws were measured. Results: When both the gender were considered, the mesiodistal crown widths were statistically significant for dental crowding in both mandibular jaw (P < 0.05 for mesiodistal crown width–P > 0.05 for arch perimeter) and maxillary jaw (P < 0.05 for mesiodistal crown width–P > 0.05 for arch perimeter). When we analysed the gender wise in the non-crowded group, we found there is no significant difference in dental crowding in both mandibular jaw and maxillary jaw (P > 0.05). Mean arch perimeter of the maxillary arch in crowded females (95.56) and mean arch perimeter of the maxillary arch in crowded males (98.79) have significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that it is the cumulative mesiodistal width of the tooth, which contribute more towards crowding, while the arch perimeter contributes much less to crowding. Thus, it is better to undergo extraction orthodontic treatment then to go for arch expansion in orthodontic patients of Andhra Pradesh who are seeking the treatment for relieving crowding.

Background: Working with emotions is an important aspect of the nurse–patient relationship: the nurse will better manage his/her own emotions, and will also influence patient's emotions on investigations, treatments, fears, vision about disease, etc., Aggression is one of the important factors that significantly affect the performance of an individual. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the level of emotional intelligence (EI) and aggression among nursing students and to assess its correlations with sociodemographic variables. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 242 nursing students of various nursing colleges of Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan. Data collection was done using two questionnaires one for emotional intelligence and another for aggression level. The results were determined using the mean, standard deviation, T test and Pearson's correlation coefficient with level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There is a nonsignificant negative relationship of verbal aggression (r = −0.0192) with EI. Higher aggression was seen in male participants in the age group of 18–21 years and in the 1st year of nursing students (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Males were more aggressive whereas females were found to be more emotionally intelligent in the current study.

Background: Young children receive no dental care though they are frequently visiting AYUSH workers for routine medical check-ups. These checks-ups can be integrated with oral health to uplift the oral health status of children by taking advantage of an existing network of the workforce who has made roots into the existing society. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of educational intervention on oral health knowledge among AYUSH workers. Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental study design was used among AYUSH workers registered under RBSK program in the Ganganagar district. A close-ended questionnaire was prepared. The intervention was carried out by a PowerPoint presentation regarding oral health after data collection. The same questionnaire was mailed again to the doctors after 1 month, with 1-week duration to respond back. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and paired t-test using SPSS v22. Chi-square and paired t-test were used for analysis. P value was considered significant at

Introduction: Hepatitis B (HB) is one of the highly infectious and the most common cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is transmitted through blood and body fluids. Most healthcare related personnel are at very high susceptibility towards this infection from the infected patients. Aims: To evaluate the knowledge and practice towards the hepatitis disease and its cross-infection among dental and medical undergraduate students for the first time ever from Eritrea. Settings and Design: It is a cross-sectional survey conducted in the only institute offering undergraduate courses in the field of health sciences. Materials and Methods: A total of 115 medical and 50 dental undergraduate students from a health science institute situated in Asmara Eritrea filled the form and submitted for evaluation. The questionnaire consisted of the demographic variables such as college of study, year of course, age, gender, apart from questions regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards hepatitis and its transfusion. All the data was transferred to excel and applied statistical test using SPSS software. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test was to test the association between the knowledge and practice variable within the stream of study. Results: The overall knowledge of the undergraduate students was found to be very high when assessed through this survey although practice scores were not satisfactory. When asked, “Do you think you can be affected by Hepatitis?”, in regular practice 33 individual gave incorrect answers. Conclusion: There is no doubt that the overall knowledge of the undergraduate students is found to be very high but practice scores and awareness towards chances of cross-infection is poor which requires further sessions of education and practice-based courses to be planned for the students.

Introduction: Cross-infection or contamination are the major threats related to any medical profession. Microorganisms present in the dental clinic can cause cross-infection to the dentist, auxiliary staff and even towards the patients. Aims: The study was conducted to assess the level of atmospheric microbial contamination and composition of aerosols before, during and after dental treatment procedures in four clinical settings. Methods and Materials: The present study was conducted over a two-week period in a private dental college setting. An equal number of culture medium plates (blood agar) were placed 30 min prior to the initiation of work sessions in the selected area and 1 h after the working session began and after 2 h of cessation of the working period. After the collection of samples, the culture medium plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C in an incubator for 48 h. The number of colonies was expressed as colonies per media plate. After counting the colonies bacterial cell morphology was determined by a microscopic examination using a Reichert-Jung Series 150 light microscope. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis such as ANOVA test for mean values and post hock was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results: It shows that colony count increased after the working session and which reduced by itself once the working session was concluded which was significant (P < 0.001). The highest increase in the mean colony count was found in the department of periodontology during the treatment sessions. In the blood agar plates, the S. epidermidis was found maximum 62%, micrococcus was 22%, diphtheroid was 10%, fungi 4% and the least S. aureus 2%. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that aerosols increase during and after work sessions and, therefore, increases the chance for infectious agent transmission in clinical settings.

Background: A trend toward adopting a 24/7 lifestyle, long working hours, and shift works in industries can adversely affect the sleep health of workers. Sleep deprivation not only has an adverse effect on physical health but may also affect oral health. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the impact of sleep quality on the oral health status of sugar mill workers of Fazilka, Punjab. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 237 participants. The oral health status of mill workers was assessed using simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), decayed-missing-filled surface (DMFS), community periodontal index (CPI), loss of attachment (LOA) indices, and sleep quality by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Windows, Version 20.0. (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp) for statistical analysis. Chi-square test and t-test were applied, and the level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Production line workers (72.25%) reported poor sleep quality in comparison to administrative workers. The oral health assessment showed statistically significantly higher DMFS, OHI-S, CPI, and LOA scores in workers with poor sleep (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Working environment of sugar mill was associated with the sleep quality of the workers which in turn affects their oral health as sleep deprivation leads to neglected oral care, more adverse habits, and thus poor oral health.

Background: There are studies about anxiety and depression among medical students well narrated in literature. However, limited studies have been reported among dental students. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the association between anxiety and depression with personality traits, type of education exposure, and their effect on coping strategies among dental students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was carried out among undergraduate dental students. Questions were related to the consumption of alcohol, smoking, chewing gums, and chocolates. Validated questionnaires such as the Hospital and Anxiety Scale and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-A Scale were used for evaluating anxiety and depression and personality traits, respectively. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20.0). Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for analysis, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The results showed that males in nonclinical years (3.81 ± 1.18) and females in clinical years (4 ± 0.85) were more extrovert than their counterparts, whereas males and females in clinical years were more psychotic than males (3.26 ± 0.45) and females (3.03 ± 0.84) in nonclinical years. It was found that females in clinical years were more anxious and depressed than their counterparts. When extraversion was correlated with anxiety and depression, a negative correlation (-0.05,-0.63) was seen which was statistically significant for depression (P = 0.01), whereas a positive correlation was seen when psychoticism was correlated with anxiety (0.16, P = 0.61) and depression (0.5, P = 0.02). Among the total participants, a majority consumed chocolates as a coping strategy. Conclusion: It was observed that many dental students who were in their clinical years had more anxiety and depression as compared to their nonclinical peers which could be due to their personality traits. Interventions should be targeted to deal with these problems.

Background: Various studies have tested quality of life (QOL) among drug addicts, however very few have reported any association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) and mode of drug administration among drug addicts. Hence, the present study was conducted aiming to evaluate the impact of mode of administration of drugs on OHRQOL among drug addicts. Methods: Data was collected using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method among 313 male drug addicts in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India, using self-administered questionnaires on oral hygiene aids and drug addiction history. OHRQOL was recorded using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. The chi-square test, t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Findings: In this study, 56.2% of the drug addicts reported practicing oral hygiene aids. The main drugs abused were heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines as 51.4%, 35.1%, and 13.4%, respectively. Most of the drug addicts were employed (82.4%) and studied up to primary education (46.3%). The highest mean values of community periodontal index (CPI) and decayed, missing, filled surface (DMFS) were found among the cocaine addicts and amphetamine abusers with rates of 3.11 ± 0.98 and 6.69 ± 8.52, respectively. Poor OHRQOL was observed among addicts who consumed drugs in inhalation since a long time irrespective of the type of the drug, but among them heroin addicted subjects had the poorest OHRQOL. Conclusion: OHRQOL was poor among the drug addicts in comparison to general population. Preventive strategies on oral health and other health promotion programs for this vulnerable group can be unified.

Background: Dental Council of India in its 3rd amendment regulations-2011 had incorporated 3 months of compulsory rural posting for the dental interns to sensitize them toward social responsibility through community outreach program. Objective: The objective of the present qualitative study was to understand in-depth the perceptions and attitudes of the interns of dental colleges in Pune district, India, toward community outreach programs. Materials and Methods: Focused group discussions were conducted for each group of ten interns separately in one college for about 1 hour, based on a well-designed but flexible topic guide through a moderator and a note-taker. Results: Most of the interns were aware of need for outreach programs in the community. It helps the interns in sharpening their clinical as well as communication skills outside the traditional dental school settings. Since most of the dentists prefer to practice in urban or financially stable areas, such programs can increase the exposure of dental students to underserved population and sensitize them toward their oral health needs. Conclusion: Thus, dental profession must develop strategies to provide new graduates with professional and personal support to retain the rural dental workforce.

Health-care system in a society must be built around the term of equity so that each individual should have equal opportunities for maintaining good health, but human societies are characterized by unevenness at every aspect, and it has even not spared the health-care system. Despite great improvements in the oral health status of population across the world, health problems continue to be a major public health concern. India's health system faces the ongoing challenge of responding to the needs of the most disadvantaged groups of the society. Thus, to reduce inequalities in health and ensuring equity in oral health care, India as one of the developing countries in the world have taken steps at center as well as state level to bridge the gap between poor and rich in terms of health care. These schemes are built to touch the lives of the remotest people in the country. The government is boosting its strategies and augmenting its reach mechanisms to ensure that not a soul is dispossessed of any benefits, which arise from the virtue of this scheme. The present review concludes that though these schemes appear to be pro-poor and are inclusive of disadvantaged minorities, the scheme suffers from adverse selection. These schemes have the potential to play an important role in India's move toward universal health coverage.

Background: The knowledge of the parents toward the oral hygiene care might get affected by the family structure. Objective: Trend of capsular families in Urban India has led to change in infant oral health practices. Hence, the study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice about infant oral care among professional working mothers in Pune city, India. Methods: A 28-item semi-closed, closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 111 professional working mothers in Pune city, India. The data for demographic details, knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding infant oral care were collected with the help of this predesigned self-administered questionnaire from working professional mothers attending outpatient department of Pediatric Hospitals in Pune city. Results: An average, there was limited knowledge among mothers regarding oral health. However, only 13.5% mothers were aware about commercially available tooth wipes, 18% knew when the infant's first dental visit should be scheduled. About 22.5% had practice of bottlefeeding before nap time and 16.2% mothers added sugars/additives in milk while bottlefeeding. Conclusion: All the mothers had overall limited knowledge, positive attitude, and practices were inadequate about infant oral care.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine on the outcome of pit and fissure sealant (PFS) in permanent molars. Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial using split-mouth design was conducted for a period of 1 year. The clinical trial registry was done in the Indian Council of Medical Research, and the clinical trial number obtained was CTRI/2016/08/007222. The age group of participants involved in the trial was 7–14 years. Maxillary or mandibular permanent molar which satisfies the criteria for application of PFS was included in the trial. Based on the eligibility criteria and considering the unknown observer/instrumentation errors, the sample size is 33 for each group. Simple randomization of treatment allocation was carried out using computer-generated random number for treatment assignment of the right molar tooth. The left molar received the alternative treatment. The outcomes of PFS were evaluated by a lone proficient assessor by means of the mouth mirrors and probes following the US public health service criteria. Results: A 6-month evaluation for the PFS with and without chlorhexidine showed 77.27% and 89.39% retention, respectively. PFS without chlorhexidine suffered a greater loss of surface texture and marginal discoloration in comparison to PFS with chlorhexidine at 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, but it was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The present study showed improvement in outcome of PFS when an additional step of chlorhexidine is added although the results were statistically nonsignificant.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organisation survey, 2004, opioid is one of the most common forms of drug used by drug abusers in India. The total number of registered opium abusers in India is estimated to be 1.4 million. The state in India with the maximum consumption of opium is seen in Punjab and Rajasthan when compared to the other states. Aim: To assess the oral health status and related practices of opium drug users in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 577 institutionalised adult male, drug addicts from across Rajasthan and Punjab. Comparison was made with duration of addiction to investigate any differences in oral health status. A standardised, pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect data on tooth brushing and its frequency, duration of drug abuse and oral complication like dry mouth, burning mouth, taste impairment and eating difficulty along with clinical examination to record Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and Decayed Missing Filled Surface (DMFS) index. The statistical significant analysis was done by t-test, Chi-square and level of significance was set at p

Introduction: Tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. The prevention and control of adverse health effects associated with tobacco consumption is an emerging issue of public health significance. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices among health professionals (HPs) toward tobacco cessation (TC). Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study, using pretested structured questionnaire was conducted among 422 medical and dental practitioners, to obtain information on the TC. The data were descriptively analyzed and Chi-square tests and multivariate analysis was applied using SPSS version 20. Results: Dental professionals had better knowledge about various preventive measures regarding TC as compared to medical professionals. Nonsmoker professionals advised patients to quit tobacco 10 times more than the smokers. Most of the HPs (91.9%) had a similar belief that TC counseling is not effective due to lack of formal training (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests a need and a desire for HPs to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices in dealing with tobacco smoking cessation in their practice.

Introduction: The concepts about dental caries and periodontal diseases are learned at dental schools may directly influence the conduct of the future dentists regarding the control and treatment of these diseases. Aim: To assess the variation in the understanding of the concepts of dental caries and periodontal diseases among first to final year undergraduate dental students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 400 students pursuing their graduation in a private dental college situated in Sri Ganganagar city, Rajasthan, India. Descriptive analysis was done, and Chi-square test with a significance level of 5% was done to compare the frequency based data. Results: For concepts related to dental caries, the 1st year students' response showed shift toward biological concept, which was also present for the 2nd year but the 3rd year onwards the majority of students cited the comprehensive multi-factorial concept (P = 0.0002). Final year students were more knowledgeable than the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year students regarding gingival bleeding, swelling, redness, and bad breath being the most important signs of periodontal disease (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Significant variation in the school of thoughts and limited knowledge regarding the concepts of common dental diseases among dental undergraduate students is seen. There might be a need to reform the initial concept building methods utilized in dental institutions to improve the basic knowledge of undergraduate students of the common dental diseases.

Introduction: Adolescents are mostly injured during sport activities, traffic accidents and some forms of violence which may lead to traumatic injuries. Traumatic injuries not only pose a health risk worldwide but are also regarded among serious social problems. Poor oral health has been related to poor social relationships that affect the ability to learn and grow which may lead to reduced self-esteem. Aim: This study was conducted to compare self-esteem of adolescents with and without anterior Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI). Materials and Methods: A population based comparative study was conducted among 10 to 17 years old adolescents from November 2014 to January 2016. The study sample comprised of 424 controls and 212 cases with 2:1 control-to-case ratio that were selected by four examiners along with a gold standard examiner. TDI was recorded using Ellis classification and selfesteem was recorded using Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). For comparing self-esteem of cases and controls according to RSES questions, t-test is used. Odds ratio (OR) was utilized to assess and compare the self-esteem according to high and low esteem in cases and controls. Results: Ellis Class I, Ellis Class II and Ellis Class III fractures were observed in 53.3%, 33.49% and 13.20% of cases, respectively. The maxillary arch was the most affected (72.48%) and on the hierarchy of causes, this study found that on most occasions dental injuries were caused by sports (40.09%). The total mean score of RSES in cases (23.16) and in controls (24.43) was also statistically significant (p

Introduction: Self esteem is more of a psychological concept therefore, even the common dental disorders like dental trauma, tooth loss and untreated carious lesions may affect the self esteem thus influencing the quality of life. Aim: This study aims to assess the impact of dental disorders among the adolescents on their self esteem level. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 10 to 17 years adolescents. In order to obtain a representative sample, multistage sampling technique was used and sample was selected based on Probability Proportional to Enrolment size (PPE). Oral health assessment was carried out using WHO type III examination and self esteem was estimated using the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale score (RSES). The descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was done by using IBM SPSS software. Logistic and linear regression analysis was executed to test the individual association of different independent clinical variables with self esteem. Results: Total sample of 1140 adolescents with mean age of 14.95 ±2.08 and RSES of 27.09 ±3.12 were considered. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was applied and best predictors in relation to RSES in the descending order were Dental Health Component (DHC), Aesthetic Component (AC), dental decay {(aesthetic zone), (masticatory zone)}, tooth loss {(aesthetic zone), (masticatory zone)} and anterior fracture of tooth. Conclusion: It was found that various dental disorders like malocclusion, anterior traumatic tooth, tooth loss and untreated decay causes a profound impact on aesthetics and psychosocial behaviour of adolescents, thus affecting their self esteem.

Background: Ever since the beginning of the universe mankind had struggled constantly for their livelihood, Moradabad is branded as the “Brass city” of India, which comprises of a large number of populations working in different industries. Objective: To assess and compare the oral health status of workers employed in brass industries with non industrial workers of Moradabad city. Methods: A total of 500 workers from each group aged 30-50 with 5 years working experience were selected through random sampling. Type III examination was performed by recording who oral health assessment form. To compare the proportion chi-square test was used. Mean values were compared using students t-test. SPSS version 15.0 was used for statistical analyses. Results: The prevalence of dental caries as Mean DMFT score was significantly higher in Non Industrial Group i.e. 3.57±2.74 while it was 2.88±2.14 in brass workers. Periodontal diseases were higher among production workers that belong to brass industries. The prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions was significantly higher among Production Workers. Bleeding was more pronounced in general population but calculus and pockets were seen more in brass workers. The requirement of prosthetic status was also more prevalent among industry subjects. Conclusion: The Oral health status of Brass Industry Workers was relatively poor with poor periodontal health when compared to General Population. Further studies of oral occupational disease should be conducted in order to check or confirm previous reports and to discover possible manifestations arising in new industries

Background: Chewing gum is a habit practiced regularly by a relatively high proportion of individuals in many countries including India, and its use has increased within the last decade. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sugar-free and sugar chewing gums on plaque deposition. Materials and Methods: The study is a double blind clinical trial involving 16 healthy volunteers (divided into 2 groups) in a 4-day plaque regrowth model. On day one, subjects received professional prophylaxis, suspended oral hygiene measures, and commenced chewing their allocated product. Gum chewing was one piece chewed for 30 minutes 3 times a day. On day 5, subjects were scored for plaque with the help of Silness and Loe Index. Results: Results show sugar-free group have a lesser mean plaque score of 0.98 as compare to sugar group (1.23), though this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The sugar-free gums can be used as an adjunct to mechanical oral hygiene measures.

Background: Evaluating the factors influence student perception, might allow programmatic changes designed to enhance students′ psychosocial well-being and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate perceived sources of stress on dental students and the role of parents in their career choice decisions. Methods : In a cross-sectional design, a modified dental environmental stress questionnaire was administered to all dental students. The responses to the questionnaire were based on a four-point Lickert scale, not stressful to severely stressful. Means and standard deviations were determined for stress scores of individuals for each item and were used to compare the classes, genders, and choices. Student′s t, one way ANOVA, and Newman Keuls multiple comparison post hoc tests were used to analysed the data at the significant level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 304 undergraduate students constituted the study population. Of the respondent, 60% were men and 40% were women. The final year students presented with higher stress scores. In gender comparison, men suffered more stress (62.9%) than women (60.1%). According to the career choice decision, students forced by parents had more perception of stress (69.0%) and the students staying in the hostel (62.7%) showed more perception of stress than day scholars (56.3%). Conclusion: The study indicates that the congenial environment needs to be created for dental education and the parents also need to be counselled against forcing their children to join an educational programme i.e. not of their choice.

Background: Dental students constitute a stakeholder group that is able to provide unique information concerning the effectiveness of the dental curriculum. The purpose of this study was to determine students′ perceptions of the learning environment, intellectual climate and teacher student relationships in dental school. Methods : This study was conducted among 341 dental students of two dental college of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. Response rate was 85%. In this study, the dental version of Medical Student Learning Environment Survey has been used. The questionnaires were divided in to 7 subscales like flexibility, student to student interaction, emotional climate, meaningful experience, organization, supportiveness, and breadth of interest. The students were divided in to two groups of preclinical and clinical for the purpose of comparison. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test. Results: The results were statistically analyzed and differentiated in to preclinical and clinical phases. The preclinical and clinical students rated the student to student interaction as the most favorable whereas the lowest score was given to flexibility by both preclinical and clinical students. Preclinical students rated emotional climate as the lowest after flexibility whereas clinical students rated breadth of interest and meaningful experience as the lowest score after flexibility. Conclusion: This study emphasized the areas of improvement in dental school learning environment based on students′ perspective by making these required and much needed changes in the curriculum. Students′ satisfaction with their dental education can be increased.

The main objective of the study was to determine the oral hygiene levels and periodontal status among Jain monks attending a Chaturmass in Udaipur, India. To date, no study has been conducted on Jain monks. The study comprises of 180 subjects and the overall response rate was 76% among them. Oral hygiene status was assessed by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) of Greene, Vermillion14 (1964), and periodontal status was assessed by the Community Periodontal Index. Additional information was collected regarding food habits, education level and oral hygiene habits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi Square Test and Step-wise multiple linear regression analysis were carried out using SPSS Software (11.0). The results showed that the oral hygiene status of Jain monks was poor and only 5.6% of the subjects had good oral hygiene. Overall periodontal disease prevalence was 100% with bleeding and shallow pocket contributing a major part (72.8%) among all the age groups (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that oral hygiene habits, caloric intake and education level explained a variance of 11.7% for the Oral hygiene index collectively. The findings confirmed that Jain monks have poor oral hygiene and an increased prevalence of periodontal disease compared to that of the similarly aged general population because, as a part of their religion, many Jain individuals avoid brushing their teeth especially during fasting, keeping in mind not to harm the microorganisms present in the mouth.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a presença de associação entre a avaliação objetiva e subjetiva da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes e seu impacto na autoestima. Métodos: Estudo transversal com adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos da cidade de Sri Ganganagar, Rajastão, Índia. Foi utilizado o Índice de Ortodontia de Saúde Dental (IOTN) para avaliar de modo objetivo a necessidade de tratamento (DHC) e o componente estético desse índice (AC) para a avaliação subjetiva. Os estudantes selecionados foram também avaliados quanto a traumatismos dentários, perda dentária e cárie dentária. Aplicou-se a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg para determinar o nível de autoestima dos estudantes. Os dados foram analisados por regressão linear múltipla, testando a associação individual das diferentes variáveis clínicas independentemente da autoestima dos adolescentes, de acordo com o escore da escala de Rosenberg. Resultados: Entre 1.140 adolescentes estudados, a prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico avaliado de modo objetivo pelo IOTN-DHC ocorreu em 56,9% dos indivíduos. A avaliação subjetiva do adolescente (IOTN-AC) revelou prevalência de necessidade de tratamento de 53,3%. A análise multivariada mostrou que, além de todos os problemas dentários, o componente objetivo (IOTN-DHC), seguido do componente estético subjetivo (IOTN-AC), teve maior impacto na autoestima dos estudantes analisados. Conclusões: A insatisfação com a aparência dental é um forte preditor de baixa autoestima na adolescência.