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Mycophenolate mofetil (MpM) is a medication used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs, particularly in kidney, heart, and liver transplant surgeries. It is extremely important to be conscious that MpM can raise the risk of severe infections and some cancers if it exceeds the recommended dose while lower doses will result in organ rejections. So, it is essential to monitor the dosage of MpM in real time in the micromolar range. In this work, we have synthesized 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) and this amino functionalization was chosen to enhance the stability and electrochemical activity of NiCo2O4. The enhanced activity of NiCo2O4 was used for developing an electrochemical sensor for the detection of MpM. APTES functionalized NiCo2O4 was coated on carbon cloth and used as the working electrode. Surface functionalization with APTES on NiCo2O4 was aimed at augmenting the adsorption/interaction of MpM due to its binding properties. The developed sensor showed a very low detection limit of 1.23 nM with linear ranges of 10–100 nM and 1–100 μM and its practical applicability was examined using artificial samples of blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid, validating its potential application in real-life scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study utilized a chemical reaction to create (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized Nb2CTx MXene nanosheets (Nb2CTx-APTES), which were then employed to modify carbon cloth yarn (CCY). The APTES modification of Nb2CTx MXene nanosheets improved the colloidal stability and electrochemical activity, ultimately resulting in the development of a more effective sensing platform for the electrochemical detection of the immunosuppressant drug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) from artificial human serum samples. The sensor developed in this study exhibited a reliable range of detection for MMF, ranging from 10 to 100 μM, which is consistent with the typical dosage levels prescribed to patients (approximately 18 μM). This capacity to accurately quantify MMF concentrations within this range holds significant potential for improving patient care, particularly for organ transplant surgeries, by enhancing the electrochemical sensing of immunosuppressant drugs. The sensor also showed very high selectivity, reproducibility, and good recovery percentage in human serum samples, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 μM. The results of this study are of great importance for biomedical research and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serotonin is a principal neurotransmitter that actively takes part in our behavioral as well as biological activities. Hence, its detection plays a vital role in understanding the intricate connections between this neurotransmitter and various physiological processes. Consequently, the development of sensitive and reliable electrochemical sensors for serotonin detection is of paramount importance. In this study, we present a different approach for synthesizing a highly stable composite of Nb2CTx and protonated carbon nitride (Nb2CTx/PCN) utilizing the electrostatic interaction between them. The synthesized Nb2CTx/PCN composite was utilized for the construction of an electrochemical sensor dedicated to serotonin analysis. The developed sensor exhibits remarkable performance, offering enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits of 63.24 nM over a concentration range of 1–100 μM for serotonin detection in human serum. A versatile thread-based sensing platform is made to validate the sensor performance. Our findings pave the way for significant advancements in the field of MXene-based composites for neurotransmitter analysis, enabling researchers and clinicians to gain deeper insights into the role of serotonin in human health and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]