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The Government of India requires all ethics committees (EC) to register themselves with the Department of Health Research (DHR) and the study aimed to analyze the same. Since post-graduation mandates research – necessitating the presence of EC in the institution – we aimed to analyze the status of registrations along with the presence of ECs in National Medical Council(NMC) and Dental Council of India(DCI)-permitted colleges and also to study zone-wise differences in the same. We also studied the impact of COVID-19 on the registration process. The status of ECs was obtained from the DHR website. ECs information was extracted [location, date & type of Approval]. The search terms “College” and “Hospital” were used to locate Institutional ECs (IEC). A list of Medical and Dental colleges was obtained from the NMC and DCI Websites with their location information. Of 931 IECs, 103(11.06%) had final, 728(78.2%) had provisional approval while 100(10.74%) ECs registration had expired. The median delay to file for provisional approval was 857 (IQR=407) days. The expired ECs functioning without registration for 90 (IQR=131) days. 440 of 931 (47.3%) ECs got registered during the COVID-19 period. The IEC to Medical Colleges ratio shows a significant zone-wise difference (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.019) with the Northern Zone having the highest mean ratio of 0.90(SD=0.63). It is vital to improve DHR compliance and the EC/College Ratio for appropriate ethical governance and improve international acceptance of Indian Research.

Difficulty in finding the appropriate journal, adherence to the formatting differences between various journals, publication fees, delay in acceptance/rejection, etc., are a few reasons due to which much research is not published or when published the data in the research may become outdated. There are no studies to find out the issues which affect the time delay between study completion, submission to the journal, acceptance by the journal, and publication. With this background, we conducted this study.This study was exempted by the Ethics committee as it was based on online data. Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2020 (Clarivate analytics), CiteScore, and Google Scholar were used to sort the high-, moderate-, and low-impact factor journals. Forty-five journals each from high-, medium- and low-impact factors (h-index median, Google Scholar Metrics h5-index) were selected. Similarly, 15 predatory scientific journals were chosen. Journals with medical science backgrounds were chosen by randomization. Only original research articles were included. From each journal, five articles were chosen randomly from the latest issue pre-pandemic. The search was performed from April 2021 to June 2021. Variables analyzed were indexing of the journal, publication fees, level of impact factor, specialty domain, number of editors, frequency per year, date of study completion, date of submission, date of acceptance, date of publication, and h-index median. Data were compiled in Microsoft Excel Workbook (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and analyzed using IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Variables of time were represented as median and interquartile range, and the number of journals and processing fees for publication were descriptively analyzed.Out of 60 journals selected, 300 original articles were analyzed. There were 26 specialty-wise journals; the commonest was multispecialty journals. The fastest time from study completion to submission, submission to acceptance, submission to publication, and acceptance to publication was 15.5, 30, 61, and 0 days, respectively, and the slowest duration was 1636, 452, 615, and 456 days, respectively. PubMed indexed journals had a higher number of editors, h5-index, and h5 median, and slower time for acceptance and publication compared to non-PubMed indexed journals (p0.05). Predatory journals had a lower h5-index and h5 median along with faster time to acceptance and publication compared to high and moderate impact factor journals (p0.05). Journal with faster acceptance had faster publication as well (r=0.85), but no impact of the number of editors, number of issues per year (frequency), and publication fees with time to acceptance and publication.Though PubMed indexed journals with a greater number of editors and high fees are slower to publish articles but they are a safe option for researchers. The impact factor does not effect the speed of publication for non-predatory journals. Paying high fees and choosing a journal with more issues per year does not ensure quick publication to the researchers.

Collective design and innovation are crucial in organizations. To investigate how the collective design and innovation processes would be affected by the diversity of knowledge and background of collective individual members, we conducted three collaborative design task experiments which involved nearly 300 participants who worked together anonymously in a social network structure using a custom-made computer-mediated collaboration platform. We compared the idea generation activity among three different background distribution conditions (clustered, random, and dispersed) with the help of the “doc2vec” text representation machine learning algorithm. We also developed a new method called “Idea Geography” to visualize the idea utility terrain on a 2D problem domain. The results showed that groups with random background allocation tended to produce the best design idea with the highest utility values. It was also suggested that the diversity of participants’ backgrounds distribution on the network might interact with each other to affect the diversity of ideas generated. The proposed idea geography successfully visualized that the collective design processes did find the high utility area through exploration and exploitation in collaborative work.

The virtual human is the basis of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). The eye-tracking system is becoming increasingly popular in this modern technology era. This work concentrates on the threshold of eye tracking practicality. The eye movement interface uses HCI research mechanism for better achievement and communication system.

Objectives To assess the accuracy and effectiveness of routine screening for vasa previa, to describe our experience, and to assess factors that contribute to missed cases of vasa previa. Methods A retrospective descriptive study of all cases of vasa previa from a single maternal-fetal medicine service between 2009 and 2017 was performed. Ultrasound findings and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. Results Thirty-five cases of vasa previa were identified. Most cases (33 of 35 [94.3%]) were diagnosed antenatally. All 33 cases that followed our screening protocol were diagnosed antenatally and had favorable outcomes. Two cases that did not follow our protocol were not diagnosed antenatally and were delivered emergently. The mean gestational age ± SD at delivery of antenatally diagnosed cases was 34.9 ± 1.69 weeks. All neonates survived. Conclusions Routine ultrasound screening for vasa previa using American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine criteria will almost universally lead to good outcomes and prevent perinatal mortality.

The large, positive correlation between speaking time and leader emergence is well-established. As such, some authors have argued for a “babble hypothesis” of leadership, suggesting that only the quantity of speaking, not its quality, determines leader emergence. However, previous tests of this notion may have been problematic. Some studies have asserted a causal effect of speaking time on leader emergence based on experimental studies, but have limited participant communication, access to reliable information, or both. Other studies have used more ecologically valid designs, but have not always controlled for relevant participant traits or roles, suggesting potential endogeneity effects. Testing the babble hypothesis thus requires a study that is both ecologically valid and supports strong inference. The current study fills that gap and finds that speaking time retains its direct effect on leader emergence when accounting for intelligence, personality, gender, and the endogeneity of speaking time.

Objective To determine if women who present to the labor and delivery unit at 23 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks gestation with threatened preterm labor (TPTL) are more likely to be dehydrated than women who present at the same gestational age for other reasons. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting An academic medical center in the northeastern United States. Participants All women at preterm gestational ages 23 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks who presented to the labor and delivery unit for care in 2014. Methods We compared hydration status by urine specific gravity of women with TPTL to that of women with other chief complaints. Women for whom data were missing and those with hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, vaginal bleeding, ruptured membranes, advanced dilation (>3 cm), multiple gestation, or fetal demise were excluded. Chi-square statistic and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for data analysis. Results A total of 840 women at 23 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks gestation presented during the study period; 188 of these had TPTL, 261 had other chief complaints, and 391 were excluded. The proportion of women diagnosed with dehydration was similar between those with TPTL (39%) and those with other complaints (46%, p = .12). An ROC curve showed no association between TPTL and hydration status (area under the curve = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [0.46, 0.67]). Conclusion At 23 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks gestation, the hydration status of women with TPTL was not different from those without TPTL. Because there is no relationship, it is unlikely that hydration is a worthwhile therapy for women with TPTL, although additional prospective study is warranted.

Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in pregnancy is a rare event and of the causes, coronary artery vasospasm (CAV) is considered even more uncommon. Purpose We present a new case report of a woman at 32 weeks of pregnancy with an AMI from CAV with a normal coronary angiogram. We performed a systematic review of similar cases of spontaneous AMI related to CAV to better understand its characteristics and management. AMI was defined as elevated cardiac enzymes (troponin or CKMB) with chest pain and/or electrocardiogram (EKG) changes consistent with ischemia. Methods We use the terms “acute myocardial infarction”, “myocardial infarction”, “coronary artery vasospasm” and “pregnancy” for our PubMed review. We also evaluated all references in identified manuscripts. Six cases of AMI in pregnancy due to CAV have been reported as of November 2016, including ours. Results and conclusion Six cases of AMI due to CAV during pregnancy or postpartum are reported in the literature, including ours. Patients experiencing this condition tend to be of advanced maternal age, multigravida and in their third trimester or postpartum. Successful management with a combination of long acting nitrates and/or calcium channel blockers achieved symptomatic control in all published cases. Obstetric outcomes were mostly normal, with the majority experiencing uncomplicated deliveries at term.

The urine protein to creatinine ratio (PC) is a sensitive and specific means of diagnosing preeclampsia in the antepartum period, but the 0.3 g protein per gram of creatinine threshold may be non-specific postpartum due to physiologic proteinuria after delivery. The objective of this study was to examine the reliability of PC in labor and postpartum and to determine if PC is affected by mode of delivery. This is the first study of its kind to examine physiologic proteinuria by catheterized PC in individual patients before and after delivery. This single-center prospective cohort study included two groups: term uncomplicated nulliparous patients in labor with epidural analgesia and patients for scheduled repeat cesarean deliveries. Patients with hypertension, antepartum proteinuria, renal disease, gross hematuria, or evidence of infection were excluded. Catheterized pre- and post-delivery urine PC were compared using paired t-tests. 27 and 40 patients were included in the vaginal and cesarean delivery groups, respectively. 52% of the vaginal delivery and 58% of the cesarean delivery groups were positive for proteinuria at the 0.3 g protein per g creatinine threshold. Pre- and post-delivery specimens were significantly different in the vaginal (mean difference 0.28, p = 0.05) and cesarean (mean difference 0.25, p 0.01) delivery groups. The conclusions reached included the finding that PC measurements are unreliable in the immediate postpartum period regardless of mode of delivery, and utilizing the 0.3 threshold to diagnose preeclampsia in close proximity to delivery would contribute to increased false positive tests.

To assess the accuracy and effectiveness of routine screening for vasa previa, to describe our experience, and to assess factors that contribute to missed cases of vasa previa.A retrospective descriptive study of all cases of vasa previa from a single maternal-fetal medicine service between 2009 and 2017 was performed. Ultrasound findings and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were reviewed and analyzed.Thirty-five cases of vasa previa were identified. Most cases (33 of 35 [94.3%]) were diagnosed antenatally. All 33 cases that followed our screening protocol were diagnosed antenatally and had favorable outcomes. Two cases that did not follow our protocol were not diagnosed antenatally and were delivered emergently. The mean gestational age ± SD at delivery of antenatally diagnosed cases was 34.9 ± 1.69 weeks. All neonates survived.Routine ultrasound screening for vasa previa using American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine criteria will almost universally lead to good outcomes and prevent perinatal mortality.