Search

In the present work, we investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and ions of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 from 80 samples collected in the microenvironment of a kindergarten located in Belgrade city center during weekdays, from March to May 2010. The daily concentrations of PM2.5 were much higher than WHO guidance daily value. Results show similar factor profiles identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). For indoor and outdoor environment, six principal components (PCs) were identified by PCA, and six and seven factors were identified by PMF, respectively. PCs from PCA were attributed to the following sources: combustion processes, traffic emission, coal/oil combustion, mix (stationary sources/resuspension), road salt and secondary aerosol. The resulting factors from PMF were identified as representing combustion processes, traffic emission, coal/oil combustion, soil dust, secondary aerosol and break wear. For outdoor environment, PMF identified one more source, attributed to road dust.

Exposure to increased cconcentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with adverse health problems and specifically with carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. The major PAH sources outdoors are: stationary sources from industry (power plants, incineration, local industry) and domestic sources as the residential heating, burning and pyrolysis of coal, oil, gas, garbage, wood, or other organic substances mobile emissions (diesel and petrol engines), biomass burning and agricultural activities (e.g., open burning of brushwood, straw, stubble). The aim of this study was to assess potential differences in particle-bound PAH levels and source contribution between summer 2009 and 2012 sampling campaigns done at same location in Belgrade urban area. The sampling location is considered representative for a mix of residential, business and industrial areas of New Belgrade, an urban area that has been under rapid development. The average concentrations of PM10 are slightly higher in summer 2012 than in 2009. PM-bound PAH follow the same trend as the PM indicating an increasing strength of PAH sources relative to all PM sources. Appling Positive Matrix Factorization, three potential sources of PAHs in the atmosphere were distinguished: (1) stationary sources, (2) traffic (diesel and gasoline vehicle exhaust) and (3) local open burning sources (OBS). The analysis confirmed higher contribution of traffic and lower of OBS in summer 2012 than in 2009, reflecting higher traffic volumes and absence of or lower local OBS emissions due to burning wood, grass and domestic waste in 2012. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III41028]

This study investigated seasonal variation of PAHs and their partition between gas and particulate-bounded phases in indoor and outdoor air in 4 schools In Serbia located at different locations. The sampling campaigns were conducted during one workweek at each school successively. Campaigns were conducted in schools during heating and non-heating seasons in December 2011 and June 2012. Seasonal variations of gas and particle-bounded PAHs concentrations were observed with higher levels during heating season. The highest total PAH values were associated with the gas phase in both sampling periods. The total PAHs concentration at indoor and at the outdoor sites, during heating season, ranged from 88.45 to 447.72 ng/m(3) and 201.69 to 1017.15 ng/m(3), respectively. During non-heating season, the total PAHs concentration ranged from 36.91 to 271.57 ng/m(3) in Indoor environment and 27.00 to 132.32 ng/m(3) in outdoor environment. Most of the I/O ratios were less than 1, which indicated that the indoor PAHs were mostly from outdoor sources. The use of diagnostic ratio showed that traffic emission and coal combustion are the major sources of PAHs. Only the diagnostic ratios for the school located near the industrial area showed significant deviation compared to other schools. U ovom radu su istraživane sezonske promene PAH i njihova raspodela, u gasnoj fazi i respirabilnim česticama u vazduhu unutrašnjeg prostora i spoljašnje sredine u 4 škole u Srbiji koje se nalaze na različitim lokacijama. Kampanja uzorkovanja je sprovedena tokom jedne radne nedelje u toku grejnog i negrejnog perioda (od decembra 2011. do juna 2012.) u svakoj školi. Uočene su sezonske promene nivoa PAH u gasnoj fazi i česticama, sa višim koncentracijama tokom grejnog perioda. Izmerena je veća vrednost zbira ukupnih PAH tokom oba perioda u gasnoj fazi nego PAH u česticama. Ukupna koncentracija PAH tokom grejnog perioda u unutrašnjem prostoru se kretala u opsegu od 88,45 do 447,72 ng/m3, a u spoljašnjoj sredini od 201,69 do 1017,15 ng/m3. Tokom negrejnog perioda, ukupna koncentracija PAH-ova je bila 36,91-271,57 ng/m3 u unutrašnjem prostoru, dok je u spoljašnjoj sredini bila 27,00-132,32 ng/m3. Većina I/O odnosa je bila manja od 1, što ukazuje da PAH u unutrašnjem prostoru uglavnom potiču iz spoljašnjeg vazduha. Na osnovu dijagnostičkih odnosa zaključeno je da su saobraćaj i sagorevanje uglja glavni izvori PAH. Jedino dijagnostički odnosi za školu koja se nalazi u blizini industrijske zone pokazuju značajno odstupanje u poređenju sa drugim školama.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified to be one of the major toxic air pollutants in urban environment. PAHs are mostly formed during incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic material. According to Serbian National Legislation Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentration in total suspended particles (TSP) in ambient air in Belgrade Metropolitan has been determined in the last ten years, as a part of local air pollution monitoring program performed by Public Health Institute of Belgrade and funded by Belgrade’s Municipality. Air samples for analysis of BaP in suspended particles have been collected (as 24h sample once per month) at selected monitoring sites within municipal air quality monitoring network. At the beginning, According to National Regulation, all samples were taken as total suspended particles (TSP). Since middle of 2008, the procedure of sampling methodology was harmonized with EU requirements and solid fraction PM10 has been collected and analyzed using GC/MS. In this study, we have analyzed results of TSP collected between 2005 and-2008. Looking through the results obtained during the period of whole year, it can be noticed that concentrations of BaP were much higher during winter season at almost all measuring sites.

The aim was to determine concentrations, sources of priority PAHs in PM10 in ambient air and the lifetime lung cancer risk from exposure to PAHs using TEFs at different locations over Belgrade Metropolitan: traffic, rural industrial and suburban industrial. PM10 were collected using LVS on quartz filters in period 2010-2011 and priority PAHs were determine by GC MS. Mean total PAHs concentrations for traffic, rural industrial and suburban industrial locations vary between nonheating and heating seasons from about 5 to 7 and 50-100 ng/m(3), respectively. Source apportionment technique as PMF and diagnostic ratio were applied and 5 emission sources were identified. Locations were under influence of traffic and stationary sources. Particular factor were identified at rural and suburban industrial locations as wood burning, while at suburban industrial site was additionally influenced by coal combustion. Health risk assessment showed that the most negative impact was found at the suburban industrial location. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this paper, we present the PM10 levels measured at an urban residential background site in New Belgrade, in Omladinskih Brigada Street, at 15 m height (roof). The aerosol samples were collected using a European standard sampler, in four seasonal campaigns conducted in autumn: Nov. 13-Dec. 03, 2007, winter: Feb. 07-28, 2008, spring: May 06-28, 2008 and summer: July 17- -August 15, 2008. The results were compared with PM10 mass concentrations measured with a Horiba automatic station at street level, at the same sampling site and at three more sites within the Belgrade municipal monitoring network. The results show that the PM10 values in the Belgrade urban area were high during autumn and winter campaigns (heating season) with a number of samples exceeding the 24-h limit value of 50 μg m-3. On the roof station, a maximum daily value of 209 μg m-3 was measured in the autumn campaign, with 14 values out of 20 measurements exceeding the 24-h limit. In winter, 14 out of 19 measurements exceeded the limit, with a maximum value of 196 μg m-3. During the spring campaign, the number of exceedances was three out of 22. All values during the summer campaign were below 50 μg m-3. The roof station equipped with the European Standard instrument showed systematically higher values than the street-level automatic monitor. PM10 values at all sites followed the same trend. The highest concentrations at all monitoring sites were observed during the autumn, Nov. 20-25, 2007, and winter, Feb. 19-23, 2008.