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Purpose: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental implants positioning errors and their associations with adjacent structures and anatomical variations by means of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 207 patients (584 dental implants) were evaluated by 2 oral radiologists. The distance between the implant and the adjacent teeth/implants was measured and classified as adequate (≥1.5 mm and ≤3 mm, respectively) or inadequate. The presence of thread exposure, cortical perforation, implant dehiscence, implant penetration into adjacent structures, and anatomical variations was also recorded. The incisor canal diameter and the depth of the concavity of the submandibular fossa were measured in order to evaluate their correlations with the frequency of implant penetration in these structures. Descriptive analyses, the Fisher exact test, and Spearman correlation analysis were performed (α=0.05). Results: The overall prevalence of positioning errors was 82.9%. The most common error was the inadequate distance between the implant and the adjacent teeth/implants. The presence of anatomical variations did not significantly influence the overall prevalence of errors (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between the diameter of the incisor canal and the frequency of implant penetration in this structure (r=0.232, P<0.05). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of dental implant positioning errors, and positioning errors were not associated with the presence of anatomical variations. Professionals should be aware of the space available for implant placement during the preoperative planning stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the use of social media (Facebook and Instagram) in the teaching-learning process in Oral Radiology I and II of the dentistry courses. Materials and Methods: The evaluation was based on the students 'opinions and suggestions regarding a questionnaire applied to the use of social media in the classroom, complemented by the students' performance, through the analysis of general averages before and after the use of social media. All students who completed Oral Radiology I and II courses, 2 years after the implementation of social media in 2015, answered the questionnaire (n = 340). The scores were compared between 3 years before and after the start of the social media project in the courses. Results: There was a decrease in the number of students who needed to re-sit the test to get them approved, and an increase in the scores of students who attended the course after implementation; these factors were significant for both courses (p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney). They replied were satisfied and that the use of social media helped them in academic development. Conclusion: The use of social media contributes to increasing the academic performance of the students, establishing an interconnection between students and teachers in the construction of knowledge and pedagogical practice, and improving socialization, encouraging them to develop new projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence o f the radiopacity of composite resin restorations on the interpretation of phantom radiographic images and to correlate the diagnosis with clinical management. Eighty healthy extracted human third molars were divided into 4 groups (n = 20 each): 3 restorative groups and 1 group of untreated teeth. The radiopacity of the materials was evaluated objectively using 30-mm discs of the composite resins SureFii SDR Flow (SDR), Fiitek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative (Fiitek Bulk), and Fiitek Z2S0 XT (Z250). Standard Class 11 cavities were prepared in the teeth. In the SDR and Fiitek Bulk groups, the respective material was placed as a 2-mrm base, and the remainder of the cavity was restored with Z250. In the Z250 group, the (entire preparation was file d w ith Z250 com posite resin. Ten phantoms of 6 teeth each were created; each phantom included 1 molar selected randomly from each of the 4 groups and 2 healthy premolars. Bitewing radiographs o f the phantoms were obtained with a digital phosphor plate system and stored. For the subjective analysis, 5 examiners evaluated each of the molars on the radiographs and established the diagnosis and treatment plan. The radiopacity of the materials was statistically similar (P = 0.413), and there was no statistically significant difference between groups in the interpretation of the images. The radiopacity o f the materials met ISO standard 4049/2009. Diagnosis and decision-making were influenced by the radiopacity of the materials. Fiitek Z250, which had the lowest radiopacity, was diagnosed correctly more often than SDR, which had higher radiopacity. Fiitek Bulk had the highest opacity and the highest percentage o f correct diagnoses. In clinical practice, radiographic visualization of restorations and dental structures is essential for establishing a correct diagnosis and treatment plan. A restorative material may be within the established requirements for radiopacity, but on radiographic evaluation it might not be differentiated from mineralized dental tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian dentists (DEN) and dental students (DS) about bisphosphonates (BP) and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ).Methods: A convenience sample of 104 DEN and 100 DS was randomly selected and invited to answer a questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured on the basis of the main information about BP and the risk factors associated with the development of BRONJ. The data obtained were analyzed by the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, considering significance of 5%.Results: Seventy-five (72.1%) DEN and 75 (75%) DS did not know the BP cited in the questionnaire (p < 0.0001), and their commercial brand names were not recognized by 88 (84.6%) DEN and 86 (86%) DS (p < 0.0001). In the same way, 62 (59.6%) DEN (p = 0.04) and 58 (58%) DS (p < 0.0001) did not recognize BRONJ as an oral side effect of BP or point out oral conditions that were not associated with the use of BP.Conclusions: Practical initiatives, such as free lectures and workshops, must be taken to broaden the knowledge of DEN and DS about BP and thus contribute to the prevention of BRONJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the radiographic image quality of 2 photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate systems with a radiographic system against a complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS) system. Using the 3 digital systems, 160 approximal surfaces were radiographed under standardized conditions. Using a 5-point scale, 6 observers scored the resulting images for the presence of caries. The presence of caries was validated histologically, and the image receptors were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The digital systems were used to take radiographs of an aluminum step wedge for objective analysis with pixel density measurements. The mean pixel values were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn multiple comparison test (P< 0.01). The performance of the new CMOS system was comparable to the PSP plate systems and radiographic film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated the possible correlation between the mineralization of the second molars and the chronological age of a sample population of the state of Paraiba, Brazil. Materials and Methods: One thousand eight hundred fifty-four digitized panoramic images using a scanner of a private dental radiology service were obtained in six months. Of these, 457 were selected from patients aged 4.6 to 16 years who met certain criteria. The images were assessed twice by a radiologist with 5 years experience. A minimum interval of 30 days between the evaluations of the same patient was established. To analyze the relationship between chronological age, calcification level proposed by Demirjian et al in 1973, gender, and tooth, a multiple linear regression model was adjusted, taking age as the response variable (p<0.05). Results: The gender and calcification level were significantly correlated with the age of the patients (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the average age of the patients' upper teeth compared to the lower ones in both genders (p/0.05). The dental development occurred earlier in female individuals than in male ones, and there was no significant difference between the right and left second permanent molars. Conclusion: It was observed that ethnic variables are related to certain parameters of age and sex identification in the Brazilian population, providing important information for forensic evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents a study on how radiographic diagnosis and decision-making is being affected by composite resin restorations and lining on radiographic diagnosis. For this study, class II cavities were prepared in one of the proximal surface of extracted human molars and the teeth were divided into five groups, based on the restoratives used. Restoratives include Natural Flow, Filtek Supreme and Tetric Flow.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between chronological age and the degree of third molar mineralization by Demirjian's developmental stages (Demirjian et al., 1973) using panoramic radiography. From a total of 11.396 digital panoramic radiographs of patients from three oral radiology private clinics from the northeast region of Brazil, obtained from January to June 2009, 2097 radiographic images from patients aged between 6 and 22 years were selected. The images were analyzed individually by two obsevers using a 21-inch computer screen and Windows Picture and Fax Viewer. Reliability was achieved by intra- and interobserver evaluation, using the Kappa test. Chronological age, calcification stage, gender and third molar were interrelated using a multiple linear regression model, considering age as a response variable. There was reliability with Demirjian et al.'s developmental stage assesment, displaying a significant relationship between mineralization stages and patients' age (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the average age and the calcification stage taking gender and localization of the third molar into consideration. It is possible to estimate chronological age based on Demirjian's stage of a third molar, regardless of gender and location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare age estimation on panoramic radiography using the Kvaal method and machine learning (ML)., Methods and Materials: 554 panoramic radiographs were selected from a Brazilian practice. To estimate age using the Kvaal method, the following measurements were performed on the upper left central incisors and canines: tooth, pulp and root length; root and pulp width at three different levels: at the enamel-cementum junction (ECJ); midpoint between the enamel-cementum junction and; at the mid root level. For ML age estimation, radiomic, semantic and the radiomic-semantic attribute extractions were assessed. Nineteen semantic and 14 radiomic attributes and a single set of 33 semantic-radiomic attributes were extracted. Logistic Regression, Linear Regression, KNN, SVR, Decision Tree Reg, Random Forest Reg, Gradient Boost Reg e XG Boosting Reg were used for ML classification. For the Kvaal method, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficient, Student's t -test and linear regression with its respective coefficient of determination were used to estimate age and to assess data variability., Results: Mean absolute error (MAE) and standard error estimate (SEE) were assessed. For the Kvaal method, upper incisors presented higher precision than canines (R²: 0.335, SSE: 7.108). Males presented better MAE and SEE values (5.29,6.96) than females (5.69,7.37). The radiomic-semantic attributes presented superior precision (MAE: 4.77) than the radiomic and semantic (MAE: 5.23) attributes. The XG Boosting Reg classifier performed better than the other six assessed classifiers (MAE: 4.65). ML (MAE: 4.77 presented higher age estimation precision than the Kvaal method (MAE: 5.68)., Conclusion: The use of ML on panoramic radiographs can improve age estimation.