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1. A molecular switch from STAT2-IRF9 to ISGF3 underlies interferon-induced gene transcription

Author

Ekaterini Platanitis, Duygu Demiroz, Anja Schneller, Katrin Fischer, Christophe Capelle, Markus Hartl, Thomas Gossenreiter, Mathias Müller, Maria Novatchkova, and Thomas Decker

Subjects
Science
Abstract

A rapid cellular response to interferons (IFNs) is critical for establishing antimicrobial immunity, but how cells switch from from homeostasis to IFN signaling is not fully understood. Here, the authors provide evidence that IFNs induce gene expression by alternating subunits of transcription factor ISGF3.

Published
2019
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3. EGF Induces Migration Independent of EMT or Invasion in A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

Author

Karin Schelch, Lisa Vogel, Anja Schneller, Jelena Brankovic, Thomas Mohr, Rupert L. Mayer, Astrid Slany, Christopher Gerner, and Michael Grusch

Subjects
cell migration, EGF, TGFβ, lung cancer, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Tumors and the tumor microenvironment produce multiple growth factors that influence cancer cell behavior via various signal transduction pathways. Growth factors, like transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), have been shown to induce proliferation, migration, and invasion in different cell models. Both factors are frequently overexpressed in cancer and will often act in combination. Although both factors are being used as rational targets in clinical oncology, the similarities and differences of their contributions to cancer cell migration and invasion are not fully understood. Here we compared the impact of treating A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells with TGFβ, EGF, and both in combination by applying videomicroscopy, functional assays, immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and proteomics. Treatment with both factors stimulated A549 migration to a similar extent, but with different kinetics. The combination had an additive effect. EGF-induced migration depended on activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, this pathway was dispensable for TGFβ-induced migration, despite a strong activation of this pathway by TGFβ. Proteome analysis (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD023024) revealed an overlap in expression patterns of migration-related proteins and associated gene ontology (GO) terms by TGFβ and EGF. Further, only TGFβ induced the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins like matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). EGF, in contrast, made no major contribution to EMT marker expression on either the protein or the transcript level. In line with these expression patterns, TGFβ treatment significantly increased the invasive capacity of A549 cells, while EGF treatment did not. Moreover, the addition of EGF failed to enhance TGFβ-induced invasion. Overall, these data suggest that TGFβ and EGF can partly compensate for each other for stimulation of cell migration, but abrogation of TGFβ signaling may be more suitable to suppress cell invasion.

Published
2021
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4. Synergistic interaction between HDAC and MCL-1 inhibitors through downregulation of BCL-XL in multiple myeloma

Author

Arnold Bolomsky, Heinz Ludwig, Anja Schneller, and Niklas Zojer

Subjects
biology, business.industry, bcl-X Protein, Down-Regulation, Apoptosis, Bcl-xL, Hematology, medicine.disease, Text mining, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Downregulation and upregulation, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Cancer research, biology.protein, Humans, Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein, Multiple Myeloma, Letters to the Editor, business, Multiple myeloma
Published
2021
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8. A molecular switch from STAT2-IRF9 to ISGF3 underlies interferon-induced gene transcription

Author

Katrin Fischer, Thomas Gossenreiter, Ekaterini Platanitis, Markus Hartl, Christophe Capelle, Anja Schneller, Thomas Decker, Duygu Demiroz, Maria Novatchkova, and Mathias Müller

Subjects
Proteomics, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Transcription, Genetic, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Mice, Transcription (biology), Interferon, Gene expression, STAT1, STAT2, lcsh:Science, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Innate immunity, Mice, Knockout, Regulation of gene expression, Multidisciplinary, biology, Chemistry, Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cell biology, STAT1 Transcription Factor, Female, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug, Science, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, Transcriptomics, Gene, Macrophages, STAT2 Transcription Factor, General Chemistry, Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Gene regulation in immune cells, RAW 264.7 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, Interferons
Abstract

Cells maintain the balance between homeostasis and inflammation by adapting and integrating the activity of intracellular signaling cascades, including the JAK-STAT pathway. Our understanding of how a tailored switch from homeostasis to a strong receptor-dependent response is coordinated remains limited. Here, we use an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to analyze transcription-factor binding, gene expression and in vivo proximity-dependent labelling of proteins in living cells under homeostatic and interferon (IFN)-induced conditions. We show that interferons (IFN) switch murine macrophages from resting-state to induced gene expression by alternating subunits of transcription factor ISGF3. Whereas preformed STAT2-IRF9 complexes control basal expression of IFN-induced genes (ISG), both type I IFN and IFN-γ cause promoter binding of a complete ISGF3 complex containing STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9. In contrast to the dogmatic view of ISGF3 formation in the cytoplasm, our results suggest a model wherein the assembly of the ISGF3 complex occurs on DNA., A rapid cellular response to interferons (IFNs) is critical for establishing antimicrobial immunity, but how cells switch from from homeostasis to IFN signaling is not fully understood. Here, the authors provide evidence that IFNs induce gene expression by alternating subunits of transcription factor ISGF3.

Published
2019
Full Text
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9. Homeostatic and Interferon-induced gene expression represent different states of promoter-associated transcription factor ISGF3

Author

Maria Novatchkova, Thomas Gossenreiter, Anja Schneller, Christophe Capelle, Markus Hartl, Thomas Decker, Ekaterini Platanitis, Mathias Mueller, and Duygu Demiroz

Subjects
0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, Cell biology, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cytoplasm, Interferon, Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, Gene expression, biology.protein, medicine, STAT1, STAT2, Gene, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Cells maintain the balance between homeostasis and inflammation by adapting and integrating the activity of intracellular signalling cascades, including the JAK-STAT pathway. Our understanding how a tailored switch from homeostasis to a strong receptor-dependent response is coordinated remains limited. We used an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to analyze transcription-factor binding, gene expression and in vivo proximity-dependent labelling of proteins in living cells under homeostatic and interferon (IFN)-induced conditions. We show that interferons (IFN) switch murine macrophages from resting-state to induced gene expression by alternating subunits of transcription factor ISGF3. Whereas preformed STAT2-IRF9 complexes control basal expression of IFN-induced genes (ISG), both type I IFN and, unexpectedly, IFNγ cause promoter binding of a complete ISGF3 complex containing STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9. In contrast to the dogmatic view of ISGF3 formation in the cytoplasm, our results suggest a model wherein the assembly of the ISGF3 complex occurs on DNA.

Published
2018
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