1. Multifunctional roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system: more than a neuronal marker
- Author
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Selena Horvat, Janko Kos, and Anja Pišlar
- Subjects
γ-Enolase ,Neuronal marker ,Neurotrophic-like factor ,Neurodegeneration ,Neuroprotection ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Abstract Enolase, a multifunctional protein with diverse isoforms, has generally been recognized for its primary roles in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The shift in isoform expression from α-enolase to neuron-specific γ-enolase extends beyond its enzymatic role. Enolase is essential for neuronal survival, differentiation, and the maturation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system. Neuron-specific γ-enolase is a critical biomarker for neurodegenerative pathologies and neurological conditions, not only indicating disease but also participating in nerve cell formation and neuroprotection and exhibiting neurotrophic-like properties. These properties are precisely regulated by cysteine peptidase cathepsin X and scaffold protein γ1-syntrophin. Our findings suggest that γ-enolase, specifically its C-terminal part, may offer neuroprotective benefits against neurotoxicity seen in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, although the therapeutic potential of γ-enolase seems promising, the effectiveness of enolase inhibitors is under debate. This paper reviews the research on the roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system, especially in pathophysiological events and the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Published
- 2024
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