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BACKGROUND Social media is a relatively new and popular means of disseminating information. However, regarding healthcare research there are concerns over the ability of social media to reach healthcare professionals, and its ability to convey a message that is representative of the research itself. To our knowledge, a review was yet to be conducted concerning the effective use of social media in communicating healthcare research OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of social media as a dissemination tool regarding healthcare research to professionals in the field. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to inform the search strategy. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and conducted manual searches from March 2018 to August 2019, for peer-reviewed publications in English describing the effectiveness of social media in disseminating health research to healthcare professionals. No publication time restrictions were imposed. Social media was used to identify additional peer-reviewed papers. For all selected studies, an MMAT quality assessment was undertaken. RESULTS Forty-seven studies were identified for inclusion. The papers reviewed suggest that social media was a popular and effective means of disseminating health research findings. In particular, the use of Twitter was highlighted regarding its positive relationship with citations. Crucially, dissemination on social media was advantageous over purely using traditional methods. CONCLUSIONS Despite concerns over the value of using social media to encourage awareness of healthcare, overall, our review suggests a positive contribution. It provides a useful way of research to effectively reach healthcare professionals (as indicated by citation levels), whilst not misrepresenting research findings. Unfortunately, only four papers directly compared presence with absence of social media promotion. Given the apparent utility of social media for healthcare research, we would encourage more direct comparisons to be made promptly. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018102083.

Purpose Evidence-based policy making is increasingly being advocated by governments and scholars. To show that policies are informed by evidence, policy-related documents that cite external sources should ideally provide direct access to, and accurately represent, the referenced source and the evidence it provides. Our aim was to find a way to systematically assess the prevalence of referencing accuracy and accessibility issues in referenced statements selected from a sample of mental health-related policy documents. Method 236 referenced statements were selected from 10 mental health-related policy documents published between 2013 and 2018. Policy documents were chosen as the focus of this investigation because of their relative accessibility and impact on clinical practice. Statements were rated against their referenced sources in terms of the (i) content accuracy in relation to the information provided by the referenced source and (ii) degree of accessibility of the source and the required evidence from the references provided. Results Of the 236 statements, 141 (59.7%) accurately represented the referenced source, 45 (19.1%) contained major errors and 50 (21.2%) contained minor errors in accuracy. For accessibility, 126 (53.4%) directly referenced primary sources of evidence that supported the claims made, 36 (15.3%) contained indirect references, 18 (7.6%) provided ‘dead-end’ references, and 11 (4.7%) references were completely inaccessible. Conclusions With only slightly over half of all statements assessed providing fully accessible references and accurately representing the referenced source, these components of referencing quality deserve further attention if evidence-informed policy goals are to be achieved. The rating framework used in the current study proved to be a simple and straightforward method to assess these components and can provide a baseline against which interventions can be designed to improve referencing quality.

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Influence of contractility and heart rate on pressure drop coefficient and fractional flow reserve for epicardial stenosis Kranthi K. Kolli , Tarek Helmy, Mohamed Effat , Arif Imran, Massoud Leesar , Eric W. Schneeberger , Dwight Hand , WilliamGottliebson, Paul Succop, SrikaraV.Peelukhana, RupakK.Banerjee University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH

Background Heart failure (HF) is a common medical problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Recently, device-based therapy, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and combined CRT and ICD have become established therapies in patients with HF receiving standard medical therapy. Contemporary implantable devices are able to continuously monitor, store, and display long-term diagnostic information. Daily diagnostic information includes intrathoracic impedance, patient activity, hours spent in atrial tachycardia/fibrillation, ventricular rate during atrial tachycardia/fibrillation, ventricular tachyarrhythmia episodes, ICD shocks, day and night heart rate, and heart rate variability. Methods PARTNERS HF is a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter observational study. Patient data are collected at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Our objectives are to assess the relationship between the (1) diagnostic data and HF-related events, (2) diagnostic data and HF-related health care utilizations, and (3) OptiVol (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) fluid monitoring diagnostic data and clinically relevant pulmonary congestion events in a subset of patients. The study has enrolled 1,024 patients with a commercially available combined CRT and ICD system at 100 sites in the United States. Participants will be followed for 1 year. Results Enrollment was completed in January 2007. Key baseline characteristics include the following: mean age of 68.4 ± 10.8 years, 32% female, 13% people of color, 64% with ischemic HF, and >80% of patients reported to be on recommended HF medications at enrollment. Conclusions The results of PARTNERS HF could help identify device diagnostic information that may provide an early recognition of impending HF-related events.

Excellence in the education of the gifted student demands an equally excellent education of the teachers of the gifted and of the supporting educational community. A long-range program of staff development must be an integral part of any process of program development and maintenance. In this change-agentry model, staff development activities are viewed within a framework of three program stages: awareness, implementation, and maintenance. Selection of inservice activities appropriate to each stage are based on the developmental theories of Bloom (cognitive) and Krathwohl (affective) and on Renzulli's Enrichment Triad Model for gifted students.