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Anisandrus proscissus Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 1–4) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7316C9ED-A5DA-4843-9EC3-354D88F9C5AD Type material. Holotype, female: VIETNAM, Ninh Binh Province, Cuc Phuong National Park, 390m, 20 ° 21′03″N 105°35′36″E (12-09), SD Gaimari, M Hauser, Pham HT, 24–28.III.2012, ex yellow pan trap (CDFA). Paratype, female, as holotype except: MSUC_ARC_314157 (1, MSUC). Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the unique elytral sculpturing in which the striae are deeply impressed on the elytral disc and declivity forming deep strial furrows and interstrial ridges, and elytral disc with a weak transverse saddle-like depression. Similar species. Anisandrus sinivali Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a, A. eggersi (Beeson, 1930) Description (female). 3.55 mm long (mean = 3.55 mm; n = 2); 2.22 × as long as wide. Body black, legs and antennae dark brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes, reticulate, moderately punctate; punctures each bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum large, distinctly triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape long and slender, longer than club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 shorter than pedicel. Club longer than wide, obliquely truncate, type 1; segment 1 corneous, encircling anterior face; segment 2 narrow, concave, corneous on anterior face only; sutures absent on posterior face. Pronotum 0.94 × as long as wide. In dorsal view rounded, type 1, sides convex, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with a row of five large serrations. In lateral view short and tall, type 3, disc as long as anterior slope, summit at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, large coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc subshiny, impunctate, feebly asperate, basal and lateral areas densely finely punctate, each puncture bearing moderate, erect, hair-like setae, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles broadly rounded. Mycangial tuft present along basal margin, tuft densely setose, approximately the width of scutellum. Scutellum broad, large, linguiform, flush with elytra, flat, shiny. Elytra: 1.28 × as long as wide, 1.37 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 1/2, then broadly rounded to apex; surface shining. Disc with a weak medial transverse saddle-like depression, striae strongly impressed from basal fifth, with large, deep subcontiguous punctures, glabrous; interstriae costate, punctate, punctures uniseriate, setose, setae 2–3 × width of interstriae 2, erect hair-like. Declivity occupying ~2/5 elytra, evenly rounded, declivital face appearing bisulcate, deeply impressed between striae 1 and 2; striae deeply impressed, strial punctures larger and deeper than those of disc; interstriae impunctate, tuberculate and setose along interstriae 1, 3, 4, setae 2–4 × width of interstriae 2, erect, hair-like, interstriae 2 narrower than interstriae 3 at midpoint of declivity, declivital interstriae 1–3 armed with a blunt tubercle at summit, interstriae 3 armed by one or two denticles near declivital summit ventrad to tubercle on interstriae 2. Posterolateral margin costate to interstriae 5, unarmed by granules. Legs: procoxae contiguous. Protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/2 of outer margin with seven or eight very large socketed denticles, their length much longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margins evenly rounded with nine or ten and ten or 11 large socketed denticles, respectively. Distribution. Vietnam. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. L. proscissus = plowed up. In reference to the deep furrows on elytral declivity. A participle of the verb proscindo., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 3, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2","Beeson, C. F. C. (1930) The biology of the genus Xyleborus, with more new species. Indian Forest Records, 14, 209 - 272."]}

Anisandrus simplex Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 5–8) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9DDB74AA-4C67-47E9-A190-34B555962B28 Type material. Holotype, female: NEPAL, Ghanpokhara, 5,500–7,000ft, 2.v.1954, J. Quinlan, NHMUK014591805 (NHMUK). Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the mesonotal mycangial tuft the length of the scutellum; elytral disc flat; declivital interstriae punctate; posterolateral margin feebly carinate to interstriae 5; declivity feebly bisulcate, margins ornamented by a minute tubercle at the base of interstriae 2 and three minute tubercles on the basal quarter of interstriae 3; and declivital interstriae bearing fine erect hair-like setae. Similar species. Anisandrus feronia Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a, A. mussooriensis (Eggers, 1930) Description (female). 3.25 mm long (n = 1); 2.41 × as long as wide. Body bicolored: pronotum red, elytra dark brown, legs and antennae yellow-brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes, alutaceous, subshiny, punctate; punctures small, shallow, setose; punctures each bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum large, distinctly triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape long and slender, as long as club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 as long as pedicel. Club longer than wide, obliquely truncate, type 1; segment 1 corneous, encircling anterior face; segment 2 narrow, concave, corneous on anterior face only; sutures absent on posterior face. Pronotum 0.96 × as long as wide. In dorsal view rounded, type 1, sides convex, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with a row of five serrations. In lateral view short and tall, type 3, disc shorter than anterior slope, summit at basal 2/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, large coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc subshiny with dense, fine punctures bearing moderate, semi-erect hair-like setae, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles acutely rounded. Mycangial tuft present along basal margin, tuft moderately setose, approximately the width of scutellum. Scutellum broad, large, linguiform, flush with elytra, flat, shiny. Elytra: 1.44 × as long as wide, 1.50 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 3/4, then narrowly rounded to apex; surface opalescent. Disc weakly convex, striae not impressed, with small, deep subcontiguous punctures, setose, setae as long as two punctures, recumbent, hair-like; interstriae flat, unarmed by granules, punctate, punctures strongly confused, setose, setae 1– 1.5 × width of interstriae 2, erect hair-like. Declivity occupying ~3/8 elytra, steeply rounded, declivital face feebly bisulcate, interstriae 1 and 3 convex, depressed between striae 1 and 2; striae not impressed, strial punctures much larger and deeper than those of disc, and bearing setae as described for disc; interstriae minutely uniseriate punctate, setae 1–2 × width of interstriae 2, erect, hair-like, interstriae 2 about as wide as interstriae 3 at midpoint of declivity, declivital margins ornamented by a minute tubercle at the base of interstriae 2 and three minute tubercles on the basal quarter of interstriae 3. Posterolateral margin carinate to interstriae 5. Legs: procoxae contiguous. Protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six very large socketed denticles, their length much longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margins evenly rounded with nine very large socketed denticles, respectively. Distribution. Nepal. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. L. simplex = simple. In reference to the unadorned elytral declivity, which is atypical for Anisandrus. An invariable adjective.

Anisandrus xuannu Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a New record. CHINA: Fujian, Sanming City, Taining Co., Emei Mtn Nat. Res., 27.006N, 117.071E, 1430m, 13.viii.2020, Zhang, L., Cao, Y-F. (2, RABC). Distribution. China (Chongqing, Fujian *, Sichuan)., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Anisandrus lineatus (Eggers, 1930) New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe, Hekou, Dajianshan, 22.908N, 103.697E, 2111m, FIT, DJS12, 01.v.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan *), India (Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Nepal, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Eggers, H. (1930) Neue Xyleborus - Arten (Col. Scolytidae) aus Indien. Indian Forest Records, Entomology Series, 14, 177 - 208."]}

Anisandrus ursulus (Eggers, 1923) New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Wenshan, Maguan, Gulingqin, 22.731N, 103.994E, 594m, FIT, GLQ9-3, 18.vi.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Yunnan *), India (Nicobar Is, West Bengal), Indonesia (Bali, Batoe Is, Java, Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Laos, East & West Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Eggers, H. (1923) Neue indomalayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae). Zoologische Mededeelingen, 7, 129 - 220."]}

Anisandrus eggersi (Beeson, 1930) New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe, Hekou, Dajianshan, 22.908N, 103.697E, 2111m, FIT, DJS12, 01.v.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. Bhutan, China * (Yunnan), India (West Bengal), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Beeson, C. F. C. (1930) The biology of the genus Xyleborus, with more new species. Indian Forest Records, 14, 209 - 272."]}

Anisandrus congruens Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Puer, Jingdong, Ailaoshan, 24.517N, 101.012E, 2377m, FIT, ALS2200-1FI, 30.v.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. China * (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn) Xyleborus hirtus Hagedorn, 1904: 126. Cyclorhipidion hirtum (Hagedorn): Wood & Bright 1992: 700. Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn): Hulcr et al. 2007: 578. Bhutan was included in the distribution by Beaver et al. (2014), but without a detailed record. New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (1) (NKME) Distribution. Bhutan, Cambodia, China (Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), India (Meghalaya, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Biology. The species is polyphagous, and has been recorded from five genera in five different families (Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Rutaceae, Symplocaceae) (Wood & Bright 1992; Beaver & Liu 2010)., Published as part of Beaver, Roger A. & Smith, Sarah M., 2022, The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 5174 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972960, {"references":["Hagedorn, M. (1904) Enumeratio Scolytidarum e Sikkim et Japan natarum Musei historico-naturalis Parisiorum, quas dominus J. Harmand annis 1890 et 1901 collegit descriptionibus specierum novarum adjectis. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 10, 122 - 126.","Wood, S. L. & Bright, D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1 - 1553.","Hulcr, J., Dole, S. A., Beaver, R. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2007) Cladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Systematic Entomology, 32, 568 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2007.00386. x","Beaver, R. A., Sittichaya, W. & Liu, L-Y. (2014) A synopsis of the scolytine ambrosia beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 3875 (1), 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3875.1.1","Beaver, R. A. & Liu, L. - Y. (2010) An annotated synopsis of Taiwanese bark and ambrosia beetles, with new synonymy, new combinations and new records (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 2602 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2602.1.1"]}

Anisandrus cristatus (Hagedorn) Xyleborus cristatus Hagedorn, 1908: 377. Xyleborus fabricii Schedl, 1964: 217. Unnecessary replacement name. Anisandrus cristatus (Hagedorn): Smith et al. 2020: 88. Bhutan was included in the distribution by Smith et al. (2020), but no details were given. The Bhutanese specimen in NHMB recorded as X. fabricii by Schedl (1975) was examined by RAB and was misdetermined (see below under Anisandrus eggersi). New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (1) (NKME). Distribution. Bhutan, China (Yunnan), India (Meghalaya, ‘Naga Hills’, Sikkim, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam. Biology. The species has been recorded from Alnus (Betulaceae), Quercus (Fagaceae), and Symplocos (Symplocaceae) (Beeson 1930)., Published as part of Beaver, Roger A. & Smith, Sarah M., 2022, The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 5174 (1) on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972960, {"references":["Hagedorn, M. (1908) Diagnosen bisher unbeschriebener Borkenkafer. Erste Serie. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1908, 369 - 382. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019080310","Schedl, K. E. (1964) Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer. XIV. Reichenbachia, 2, 209 - 223.","Smith, S. M., Beaver, R. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2020) A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China. ZooKeys, 983, 1 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 983.52630","Schedl, K. E. (1975) Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel, Coleoptera: Fam: Scolytidae und Platypodidae. Entomologica Basiliensia, 1, 383 - 385.","Beeson, C. F. C. (1930) The biology of the genus Xyleborus, with more new species. Indian Forest Record s, Entomology Series, 14 (10), 209 - 272."]}

Anisandrus niger (Sampson) * Xyleborus niger Sampson, 1912: 247. Anisandrus niger (Sampson): Beaver & Liu, 2018: 538. This species is newly recorded from Bhutan. New record. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.viii.[19]85, DE Padgham, TFRI, CIE A17491 (1) (NMHL). Distribution. Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam. Biology. Unknown., Published as part of Beaver, Roger A. & Smith, Sarah M., 2022, The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 5174 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972960, {"references":["Sampson, F. W. (1912) Some new species of Ipidae and Platypodidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 10, 245 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931208693228","Beaver, R. A. & Liu, L. - Y. (2018) A synopsis of the bark and ambrosia beetles of Nepal with a key to the genera (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae and Scolytinae). In: Hartmann, M., Barclay, M. V. L. & Weipert, J. (Eds) Biodiversitat und Naturausstattung im Himalaya VI. Verein der Freunde und Forderer des Naturkundemuseum Erfurt, Erfurt, pp. 521 - 553."]}

Anisandrus eggersi (Beeson) Xyleborus eggersi Beeson, 1930: 215. Cyclorhipidion eggersi (Beeson): Maiti & Saha 2004: 105. Anisandrus eggersi (Beeson): Hulcr et al. 2007: 578. Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975 as Xyleborus fabricii Schedl) (see comment above under Anisandrus cristatus) (Smith et al. 2020). New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (1) (RABC). Distribution. Bhutan, India (West Bengal), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam. Biology. The species is polyphagous, and has been recorded from five genera in five different families (Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae, Staphyleaceae, Symplocaceae) (Maiti & Saha 2004)., Published as part of Beaver, Roger A. & Smith, Sarah M., 2022, The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 5174 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6972960, {"references":["Beeson, C. F. C. (1930) The biology of the genus Xyleborus, with more new species. Indian Forest Record s, Entomology Series, 14 (10), 209 - 272.","Maiti, P. K. & Saha, N. (2004) Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Scolytidae: Coleoptera (Bark- and Ambrosia-Beetles) Vol. 1 (Part- 1). Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 268 pp.","Hulcr, J., Dole, S. A., Beaver, R. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2007) Cladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Systematic Entomology, 32, 568 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2007.00386. x","Schedl, K. E. (1975) Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel, Coleoptera: Fam: Scolytidae und Platypodidae. Entomologica Basiliensia, 1, 383 - 385.","Smith, S. M., Beaver, R. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2020) A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China. ZooKeys, 983, 1 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 983.52630"]}

** Anisandrus maiche (Kurentsov, 1941) Records. DON [Nikulina et al., 2015: 43]. Localities. Lugansk Region. Slavyanoserbsk Distr.: Trekhizbenka, light trap, 13.07.2010 (S. Konovalov)., Published as part of Arzanov, Yu. G., Martynov, V. V. & Nikulina, T. V., 2021, A contribution to the fauna of weevil beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of the Central Donbass, pp. 5-44 in Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 17 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.23885/181433262021171-544, http://zenodo.org/record/8145644, {"references":["Nikulina T., Mandelshtam M., Petrov A., Nazarenko V., Yunakov N. 2015. A survey of the weevils of Ukraine. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae and Scolytinae). Zootaxa. 3912 (1): 1 - 61. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3912.1.1"]}

Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius, 1792) Records. DON, LUG [Nikulina et al., 2015: 42]., Published as part of Arzanov, Yu. G., Martynov, V. V. & Nikulina, T. V., 2021, A contribution to the fauna of weevil beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of the Central Donbass, pp. 5-44 in Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 17 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.23885/181433262021171-544, http://zenodo.org/record/8145644, {"references":["Nikulina T., Mandelshtam M., Petrov A., Nazarenko V., Yunakov N. 2015. A survey of the weevils of Ukraine. Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae and Scolytinae). Zootaxa. 3912 (1): 1 - 61. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3912.1.1"]}

The Southeast Asian xyleborine ambrosia beetle fauna is reviewed for the first time. Thirty-four genera and 315 species are reviewed, illustrated, and keyed to genera and species. Sixty-three new species are described:Amasa cycloxystersp. nov.,Amasa galeodermasp. nov.,Amasa gibbosasp. nov.,Amasa linisp. nov.,Amasa tropidacronsp. nov.,Amasa youliisp. nov.,Ambrosiophilus caliginestrissp. nov.,Ambrosiophilus indicussp. nov.,Ambrosiophilus lannaensissp. nov.,Ambrosiophilus papilliferussp. nov.,Ambrosiophilus wantaneeaesp. nov.,Anisandrus achaetesp. nov.,Anisandrus aucosp. nov.,Anisandrus auratipilussp. nov.,Anisandrus congruenssp. nov.,Anisandrus cryphaloidessp. nov.,Anisandrus feroniasp. nov.,Anisandrus herasp. nov.,Anisandrus paragogussp. nov.,Anisandrus sinivalisp. nov.,Anisandrus venustussp. nov.,Anisandrus xuannusp. nov.,Arixyleborus crassiorsp. nov.,Arixyleborus phiaoacensissp. nov.,Arixyleborus setosussp. nov.,Arixyleborus silvanussp. nov.,Arixyleborus sittichayaisp. nov.,Arixyleborus titanussp. nov.,Coptodryas amydrasp. nov.,Coptodryas carinatasp. nov.,Coptodryas inornatasp. nov.,Cyclorhipidion amasoidessp. nov.,Cyclorhipidion amputatumsp. nov.,Cyclorhipidion denticaudasp. nov.,Cyclorhipidion muticumsp. nov.,Cyclorhipidion obesulumsp. nov.,Cyclorhipidion petrosumsp. nov.,Cyclorhipidion truncaudinumsp. nov.,Cyclorhipidion xeniolumsp. nov.,Euwallacea geminussp. nov.,Euwallacea neptissp. nov.,Euwallacea subalpinussp. nov.,Euwallacea testudinatussp. nov.,Heteroborips fastigatussp. nov.,Heteroborips indicussp. nov.,Microperus latesalebrinussp. nov.,Microperus minaxsp. nov.,Microperus sagmatussp. nov.,Streptocranus petilussp. nov.,Truncaudum bullatumsp. nov.,Xyleborinus cuneatussp. nov.,Xyleborinus disgregussp. nov.,Xyleborinus echinopterussp. nov.,Xyleborinus ephialtodessp. nov.,Xyleborinus huifenyinaesp. nov.,Xyleborinus jianghuansunisp. nov.,Xyleborinus thaiphamisp. nov.,Xyleborinus tritussp. nov.,Xyleborus opacussp. nov.,Xyleborus sunisaesp. nov.,Xyleborus yunnanensissp. nov.,Xylosandrus bellinsulanussp. nov.,Xylosandrus spinifersp. nov.. Thirteen new combinations are given:Ambrosiophilus consimilis(Eggers)comb. nov.,Anisandrus carinensis(Eggers)comb. nov.,Anisandrus cristatus(Hagedorn)comb. nov.,Anisandrus klapperichi(Schedl)comb. nov.,Anisandrus percristatus(Eggers)comb. nov.,Arixyleborus resecans(Eggers)comb. nov.,Cyclorhipidion armiger(Schedl)comb. nov.,Debus quadrispinus(Motschulsky)comb. nov.,Heteroborips tristis(Eggers)comb. nov.,Leptoxyleborus machili(Niisima)comb. nov.,Microperus cruralis(Schedl)comb. nov.,Planiculus shiva(Maiti & Saha)comb. nov.,Xylosandrus formosae(Wood)comb. nov.Twenty-four new synonyms are proposed:Ambrosiophilus osumiensis(Murayama, 1934) (=Xyleborus nodulosusEggers, 1941syn. nov.);Ambrosiophilus subnepotulus(Eggers, 1930) (=Xyleborus cristatuloidesSchedl, 1971syn. nov.);Ambrosiophilus sulcatus(Eggers, 1930) (=Xyleborus sinensisEggers, 1941syn. nov.; =Xyleborus sulcatulusEggers, 1939syn. nov.);Anisandrus hirtus(Hagedorn, 1904) (=Xyleborus hirtipesSchedl, 1969syn. nov.);Cnestus protensus(Eggers, 1930) (=Cnestus rostratusSchedl, 1977syn. nov.);Cyclorhipidion bodoanum(Reitter, 1913) (=Xyleborus misatoensisNobuchi, 1981syn. nov.);Cyclorhipidion distinguendum(Eggers, 1930) (=Xyleborus fukiensisEggers, 1941syn. nov.; =Xyleborus ganshoensisMurayama, 1952syn. nov.);Cyclorhipidion inarmatum(Eggers, 1923) (=Xyleborus vagansSchedl, 1977syn. nov.);Debus quadrispinus(Motschulsky, 1863) (=Xyleborus fallaxEichhoff, 1878syn. nov.);Euwallacea gravelyi(Wichmann, 1914) (=Xyleborus barbatomorphusSchedl, 1951syn. nov.);Euwallacea perbrevis(Schedl, 1951) (=Xyleborus molestulusWood, 1975syn. nov.;Euwallacea semirudis(Blandford, 1896) (=Xyleborus neohybridusSchedl, 1942syn. nov.);Euwallacea sibsagaricus(Eggers, 1930) (=Xyleborus tonkinensisSchedl, 1934syn. nov.);Euwallacea velatus(Sampson, 1913) (=Xyleborus rudisEggers, 1930syn. nov.);Microperus kadoyamaensis(Murayama, 1934) (=Xyleborus pubipennisSchedl, 1974syn. nov.; =Xyleborus denseseriatusEggers, 1941syn. nov.);Stictodex dimidiatus(Eggers, 1927) (=Xyleborus dorsosulcatusBeeson, 1930syn. nov.);Webbia trigintispinataSampson, 1922 (=Webbia mucronatusEggers, 1927syn. nov.);Xyleborinus artestriatus(Eichhoff, 1878) (=Xyelborus angustior[sic] Eggers, 1925syn. nov.; =Xyleborus undatusSchedl, 1974syn. nov.);Xyleborinus exiguus(Walker, 1859) (=Xyleborus diversusSchedl, 1954syn. nov.);Xyleborus muticusBlandford, 1894 (=Xyleborus conditusSchedl, 1971syn. nov.; =Xyleborus lignographusSchedl, 1953syn. nov.). Seven species are removed from synonymy and reinstated as valid species:Anisandrus cristatus(Hagedorn, 1908),Cyclorhipidion tenuigraphum(Schedl, 1953),Diuncus ciliatoformis(Schedl, 1953),Euwallacea gravelyi(Wichmann, 1914),Euwallacea semirudis(Blandford, 1896),Microperus fulvulus(Schedl, 1942),Xyleborinus subspinosus(Eggers, 1930).

Anisandrus Ferrari Large insect, 3.2���3.6 mm long. Body elongate. Pronotum rounded. Elytra cylindrical, 1.3���1.4 times as long as wide. ���... A. dispar Palearctic distribution: Azerbaijan, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Belarus, Croatia, Russia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, The Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, Serbia and Montenegro, Japan, North Korea, South Korea (Kn��žek 2011), Iran (Beaver et al. 2016). Iran distribution: Generally distributed (Modares Awal 1997), Aliabad katool, Golestan Province, original data. Host plants in Iran: Polyphagous on broadleaf trees (Bright 2014)., Published as part of Amini, Sudabe, Nozari, Jamasb, Martinez, Isabel, Hosseini, Reza & Faccoli, Massimo, 2020, Morphological and molecular identification of the Iranian bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae), pp. 251-284 in Zootaxa 4852 (3) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4409855, {"references":["Knizek, M. (2011) Curculionidae: Scolytinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 7. Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 86 - 87, 204 - 251.","Beaver, R. A., Ghahari, H. & Sanguansub, S. (2016) An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curcu- lionidae) from Iran. Zootaxa, 4098 (3), 401 - 441. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4098.3.1","Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Eds.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad: pp. 192 - 194.","Bright, D. (2014) A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Supplement 3 (2000 - 2010), with notes on subfamily and tribal reclassifications. Insecta Mundi, 365, 1 - 336."]}

Ambrosiella species in the latest definition are tightly associated with ambrosia beetles in genera Anisandrus, Cnestus, and Xylosandrus within the tribe Xyleborini characterized by a mesothoracic mycangium. Eccoptopterus and Hadrodemius are another two xyleborine genera possessing mesothoracic mycangium, but their symbiotic fungi are unknown. A survey of Ambrosiella s.s. in Taiwan revealed five species, including one new species, A. catenulata, and indicated that members of Eccoptopterus and Hadrodemius are also associated with Ambrosiella s.s. It corroborates a previous hypothesis that Ambrosiella s.s. species are exclusively associated with ambrosia beetles having mesothoracic mycangium. The association appears asymmetrical: a single Ambrosiella species can be carried by multiple species of beetles, while each beetle species associates with only one Ambrosiella species. Descriptions and illustrations of species obtained in this study are provided. Identification is based on morphological and molecular analyses.

The following 13 new combinations are given: Ambrosiophilus osumiensis (Murayama, 1934), Ancipitis machili (Niisima, 1910), Cyclorhipidion bispinum (Nobuchi, 1981), Cyclorhipidion japonicum (Nobuchi, 1981), Cyclorhipidion laetum (Niisima, 1909), Cyclorhipidion misatoense (Nobuchi, 1981), Cyclorhipidion miyazakiense (Murayama, 1936), Cyclorhipidion okinosenense (Murayama, 1961), Cyclorhipidion takinoyense (Murayama, 1953), Debus defensus (Blandford, 1894), Immanus permarginatus (Schedl, 1933), Microperus calamoides (Murayama, 1934), Microperus quercicola (Eggers, 1926), all originally described in Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The following 24 new synonyms are proposed: Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff, 1876) (=Xyleborus collis Niisima, 1910 syn. n.); Ambrosiophilus osumiensis (Murayama, 1934) (=Xyleborus metanepotulus Eggers, 1939 syn. n.); Ancipitis machili (Niisima, 1910) (=Xyleborus depressus Eggers, 1923 syn. n.; = Xyleborus kojimai Murayama, 1936 syn. n.); Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius, 1792) (=Xyleborus ishidai Niisima, 1909 syn. n.); Cnestus aterrimus (Eggers, 1927) (=Cnestus maculatus Browne, 1983 syn. n.; = Cnestus murayamai Schedl, 1962 syn. n.; = Cnestus murayamai Browne, 1963 syn. n.; = Tosaxyleborus pallidipennis Murayama, 1950. syn. n.); Cyclorhipidion miyazakiense (Murayama, 1936) (=Xyleborus armipennis Schedl, 1953 syn. n.; = Xyleborus wakayamensis Nobuchi, 1981 syn. n.); Microperus kadoyamaensis (Murayama, 1934) (=Xyleborus nameranus Murayama, 1954 syn. n.); Microperus quercicola (Eggers, 1926) (=Xyleborus izuensis Murayama, 1952 syn. n.); Planiculus bicolor (Blandford, 1894) (=Xyleborus ashuensis Murayama, 1954 syn. n.); Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894) (=Xyleborinus canus Niisima, 1909 syn. n.); Xyleborinus schaufussi (Blandford, 1894) (=Xyleborus kraunhiae Niisima, 1910 syn. n.); Xyleborus festivus Eichhoff, 1876 (=Xyleborus detectus Schedl, 1975a syn. n.; = Xyleborus pinicola Eggers, 1930 syn. n.; = Xyleborus pinivorus Browne, 1980 syn. n.); Xyleborus metacuneolus Eggers, 1940 (= Xyleborus kaimochii Nobuchi, 1981 syn. n.); Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston, 1857) (=Xyleborus shionomisakiensis Murayama, 1951 syn. n.); Xyleborus pfeilii (Ratzeburg, 1837) (=Xyleborus septentrionalis Niisima 1909 syn. n.); Xyleborus seriatus Blandford, 1894 (=Xyleborus todo Kono, 1938 syn. n.); Xylosandrus brevis (Eichhoff, 1877) (=Xyleborus montanus Niisima, 1910 syn. n.). Arixyleborus yakushimanus (Murayama, 1958) is removed from synonymy with A. malayensis (Schedl, 1954). The types of Xyleborus nagaoensis Murayama, 1934, and X. ohtoensis Nobuchi, 1981 were examined and are confirmed to be correctly placed in Xyleborus. Lectotypes are designated for Xyleborus ishidai Niisima, 1909, and Xyleborus septentrionalis Niisima, 1909.

Ambrosia beetles farm ascomycetous fungi in tunnels within wood. These ambrosia fungi are regarded asexual, although population genetic proof is missing. Here we explored the intraspecific genetic diversity of Ambrosiella grosmanniae and Ambrosiella hartigii (Ascomycota: Microascales), the mutualists of the beetles Xylosandrus germanus and Anisandrus dispar. By sequencing five markers (ITS, LSU, TEF1α, RPB2, β-tubulin) from several fungal strains, we show that X. germanus cultivates the same two clones of A. grosmanniae in the USA and in Europe, whereas A. dispar is associated with a single A. hartigii clone across Europe. This low genetic diversity is consistent with predominantly asexual vertical transmission of Ambrosiella cultivars between beetle generations. This clonal agriculture is a remarkable case of convergence with fungus-farming ants, given that both groups have a completely different ecology and evolutionary history.

WOS: 000413202900005 Hazelnut, a very important cash crop in Turkey, is frequently colonized by bark and ambrosia beetle species (Scolytinae). Some scolytine species may cause economic damage while other species do not; therefore, proper identification is important in orchard management. Extensive sampling demonstrated that the most common pest species in Turkey's hazelnut orchards are Anisandrus dispar, Xylosandrus germanus, and Xyleborinus saxesenii. Hypothenemus eruditus can also be common, but only colonizes branches that are already dead. Lymantor coryli, Hypoborus ficus, Taphrorychus ramicola, and Taphrorychus birtellus are rare and do not causes damage to live plants. Xyleborinus saxesenii appears to have been frequently misidentified and misreported as either L. coryli or Xyleborus xylographus. The former is rare, and the latter probably does not occur in Turkey. To avoid future misidentifications, a dichotomous identification key is provided for bark and ambrosia beetles of hazelnut orchards in Turkey. TUBITAK projectTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-111O788]; Turkish MEVLANA program; Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Agriculture, Czech Republic [RO0116, 10462/2016-MZE-17011]; USDA Forest Service, USDA Farm Bill Section 10007, the National Science Foundation We thank to Turkish MEVLANA program and TUBITAK project (TOVAG-111O788) that financially supported the travels for studies in this paper. This research was also partly supported by the project of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic - Resolution RO0116 (reference number 10462/2016-MZE-17011), by the USDA Forest Service, USDA Farm Bill Section 10007, the National Science Foundation. The Florida State Collection of Arthropods kindly loaned several specimens. The authors wish to thank Mr. Zachary Nolen (M.Sc.) from University of Florida (USA), who assisted in improving the language of the manuscript, and Drs. Bjarte H. Jordal and Michail Yu. Mandelshtam for their helpful reviews.

The attractiveness of ultra high release ethanol lures to ambrosia beetles in Slovakian oak forests was tested from 2010 to 2012. A total of 24,705 specimens were captured during this three year period with Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1837) representing 49.28% (12,174 specimens) of the total. Other dominant species captured in the traps were Anisandrus dispar (F., 1792) (27.84%), Xyleborus monographus (F., 1792) (9.72%) and Trypodendron signatum (F., 1792) (6.04%). During this experiment, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) was detected for the first time in Slovakia with an increase in capture each year (19, 40 and 77 specimens, respectively). Flight period for ambrosia beetles in Slovakia occurs from the beginning of April through the end of September. This is the first time that ethanol baited traps were deployed in Slovakian oak forests and the lures were an effective tool for monitoring native and non-native ambrosia beetles.

Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius, 1792) Distribution in Iran. Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Hamadan, Isfahan, Khorasan, Markazi, Tehran, Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), Golestan (Samin et al. 2011), Guilan (Borumand 1998; Samin et al. 2011), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal 1997; Samin et al. 2011), Iran (no locality cited) (Kn��žek 2011). General distribution. Europe, through Russia and Central Asia to China and Japan. Introduced into North America. Biology. Anisandrus dispar has been recorded from many host species in numerous families (Wood & Bright 1992). In Iran, it is recorded from Betula pendula (Betulaceae), Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), Cydonia oblonga, Malus orientalis, Persica vulgaris, Prunus armeniaca, Pyrus communis (Rosaceae), Populus nigra (Salicaceae), Acer sp. (Sapindaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997). The biology of the species is described by Palm (1959), Chararas (1962), Egger (1973), and French and Roeper (1975). Speranza et al. (2009) examine the effects of temperature and rainfall on flight activity. Like many xyleborines, the species is attracted to ethanol (Saruhan & Akyol 2012; Galko et al. 2014). It is an important pest of hazel (Corylus avellana) (Betulaceae) in the Mediterranean area (e.g. Bucini et al. 2005; Saruhan & Akyol 2012), and an occasional pest of fruit trees in the USA (Wood 1982)., Published as part of Beaver, Roger A., Ghahari, Hassan & Sanguansub, Sunisa, 2016, An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran, pp. 401-441 in Zootaxa 4098 (3) on page 422, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/258895, {"references":["Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194.","Samin, N., Sakenin, H. & Rastegar, J. (2011) A study of the species composition of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) of north and northwestern Iran. Amurian Zoological Journal, 3, 265 - 267.","Borumand, H. (1998) Insects of Iran: the list of coleoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute: Coleoptera (XXIV), Curculionoidea, Fam. 162, 166 - 171 (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae. Plants Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 110 pp.","Knizek, M. (2011) Platypodinae and Scolytinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 7. Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 201 - 251.","Wood, S. L. & Bright, D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1 - 1553.","Palm, T. (1959) Die Holz- und Rinden-Kafer der sud- und mittelschwedischen Laubbaume. Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum, 16, 1 - 374.","Chararas, C. (1962) Etude biologique des scolytides des coniferes. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Series A, 38. Lechevalier, Paris, 556 pp.","Egger, A. (1973) Beitrage zur Biologie und Bekampfung von Xyleborus (Anisandrus) dispar F. und X. saxeseni Ratz. (Col., Scolytidae). Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde, Pflanzen- und Umweltschutz, 46, 183 - 186.","French, J. R. J. & Roeper, R. A. (1975) Studies on the biology of the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus dispar (F.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 78, 241 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1975. tb 04178. x","Speranza, S., Bucini, D. & Paparatti, B. (2009) New observations on biology of European shot-hole borer (Xyleborus dispar (F.) on hazel in northern Latium (Central Italy). Acta Horticulturae, 845, 539 - 542. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.17660 / ActaHortic. 2009.845.84","Saruhan, I. & Akyol, H. (2012) Monitoring population density and fluctuations of Anisandrus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Curculionidae) in hazelnut orchards. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 4202 - 4207.","Galko, J., Nikolov, C., Kimoto, T., Kunca, A., Gubka, A., Vakula, J., Zubrik, M. & Ostrihon, M. (2014) Attraction of ambrosia beetles to ethanol baited traps in a Slovakian oak forest. Biologia, 69, 1376 - 1383. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11756 - 014 - 0443 - z","Bucini, D., Balestra, G. M., Pucci, C. & Paparatti, B. (2005) Bio-ethology of Anisandrus dispar F. and its possible involvement in dieback (Moria) diseases of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) plants in central Italy. Acta Horticulturae, 686, 435 - 444. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.17660 / ActaHortic. 2005.686.60"]}

Anisandrus maiche Stark, an ambrosia beetle native to Asia, is reported for the first time in North America based on specimens from Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. This is the twentieth species of exotic Xyleborina documented in North America. This species, along with three others occurring in North America, were formerly placed in Xyleborus Eichhoff, but currently are assigned to Anisandrus Ferrari. Descriptions of generic characters used to separate Anisandrus from Xyleborus, a re-description of the female A. maiche, and an illustrated key to the four North American species of Anisandrus are presented.

36. Anisandrus ursulus (Eggers) Xyleborus ursulus Eggers, 1923: 173. Anisandrus ursulus (Eggers): Dole & Cognato, 2010: 527. Thai distribution: (unspecified province) (Hutacharen & Tubtim 1995, Hutacharern et al. 2007 as Xyleborus userus [sic] Eggers); C: Chanthaburi, Nakhon Nayok, Phetchaburi; N: Chiang Mai, Tak; N-E: Loei, Nakhon Ratchasima; S: Nakhon Sri Thammarat (Schedl 1936a as Xyleborus ursulus), Surat Thani. New records: Chantaburi, Khao Khitchakut NP, 500 m N/ Prabaht Unit, 12�� 48.98' N, 102�� 9.14' E, 12 m, MT, 22���29.ix.2008 (Suthida & Charoenchai) (3); Chiang Mai, Queen Sirikit Botanic Gardens, 18 o 53.306' N, 98 o 58.432' E, 300���700 m, by hand, vii.2006 (H. Mendel & M. V. L. Barclay) (1); Loei, Phu Ruea NP, Subhnonghin, 17�� 28.772' N, 101�� 21.308' E, 860 m, MT, 5���12.vii.2006 (P. Tamtip) (1); as previous except: office, 17�� 28.805' N, 101�� 21.242' E, 870 m, MT, 19���26.vii.2006 (N. Jaroenchai) (1); Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai NP, Trail near Training Center 2, 14�� 24.482' N, 101�� 22.388' E, 755 m, evergreen forest, MT, 26.ii���5.iii.2007 (W. Sukho) (1); Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai NP, near fire protection office, 14�� 28.524' N, 101�� 22.928' E, 757 m, MT, 12���19.vi.2007 (P. Sandao) (1); Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Namtok Yong NP, Road to Khao Mhen, 150 m from Nern 499, 8�� 16.959' N, 99�� 39.149' E, 499 m, MT, 27.viii���3.ix.2008 (Samnaokan, S.) (1); as previous except: 8�� 10.434' N, 99�� 44.508' E, 80 m, pan trap, 10���11.ix.2008 (U-prai, K.) (2); Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan NP, Pa La-U/bus parking, 12�� 32.125' N, 99�� 28.283' E, MT, 4���11.vii.2008 (Akaradate & Thongbai) (3); Surat Thani, Khao Sok NP, Headquarters, 8�� 54.896' N, 98�� 31.81' E, 115 m, MT, 10���17.vii.2008 (Buathong, S.) (1); as previous except: Klong Morg unit, 8�� 53.725' N, 98�� 39.025' E, 87 m, MT, 10���17.vii.2008 (Buathong, S.) (1); Tak, Umphang Distr., Thung Yai WS, Song Bae stream, 15 o 28' N, 98 o 48' E, evergreen rain forest, 18���27.iv.1988 (M. J. D. Brendell) (1). Other distribution: China (Fujian), India (W. Bengal), Indonesia (Bali, Batoe Is., Java, Kalimantan, Sumatera), Malaysia (E. & W.), Philippines, New Britain, Solomon Is. Intercepted in Japan in timber from various countries in the region. The species also occurs in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia (Maluku, Sulawesi), Laos and Vietnam (R. A. Beaver, unpublished records). (4) Biology: Browne (1961a) suggests that this is mainly a ���hill��� species occurring at altitudes above 600 m, but the records from Thailand suggest that it frequently occurs at lower altitudes. The species is polyphagous (Browne 1961a). In Thailand it has been recorded from Acacia auriculiformis (Leguminosae) (Hutacharern & Tubtim 1995). Illustrations: P (PaDIL 2014 as Hadrodemius ursulus); D (Maiti & Saha 2004 as Xylosandrus ursulus)., Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Sittichaya, W. & Liu, L-Y., 2014, A Synopsis of the Scolytine Ambrosia Beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 3875 (1) on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5130589, {"references":["Eggers, H. (1923) Neue indomalayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 7, 129 - 220.","Dole, S. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2010) Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 61, 451 - 545. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.11.011","Hutacharern, C., Tubtim, N. & Dokmai, C. (2007) Checklist of Insects and Mites in Thailand. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, 319 pp.","Schedl, K. E. (1936 a) Notes on Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museum, 18, 1 - 18.","Browne, F. G. (1961 a) The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Malayan Forest Records, 22, 1 - 255.","Hutacharern, C. & Tubtim, N. (1995) Checklist of Forest Insects of Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, 392 pp.","Maiti, P. K. & Saha, N. (2004) Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Scolytidae: Coleoptera (Bark and Ambrosia Beetles). Vol. 1. Part 1. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 268 pp."]}

34. Anisandrus apicalis (Blandford) * Xyleborus apicalis Blandford, 1894a: 105. Anisandrus apicalis (Blandford): Hulcr et al., 2007: 578. Thai distribution: N: Chiang Mai. New to Thailand. New records: Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, summit forest, 18�� 35.361' N, 98�� 29.157' E, 2500 m, MT, 9���16.viii., 6���13.ix.2006 (Y. Areeluck) (2); as previous except: Kew Maepan Trail, 18�� 33.162' N, 98�� 28.81' E, 2200 m, MT, 10���17.xi.2006 (Y. Areeluck) (1); Doi Phahompok NP, Kewlom 1/ montane forest, 20�� 3.549' N, 99�� 8.552' E, 2174 m, MT, 7���14.ii.2008 (Seesom, K.) (2); Doi Phaluang, 20�� 1.06' N, 99�� 9.581' E, 1449 m, MT, 21���28.ii.2008 (Seesom, K.) (2). Other distribution: China, India (Meghalaya, Sikkim, W. Bengal), Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Russia (Kurile Is.). (1) Biology: A polyphagous species (e.g. Beeson 1930 (as Xyleborus cristatus Hagedorn) in India, Murayama 1936 in Japan, Yin et al. 1984 in China) usually attacking angiosperms, but also recorded from Pinus (Pinaceae) (Nobuchi 1966). In Thailand, it seems to be confined to the upper slopes of the mountains in the North. Illustrations: P (Hulcr 2012); D (Nunberg 1959 as Xyleborus apicalis)., Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Sittichaya, W. & Liu, L-Y., 2014, A Synopsis of the Scolytine Ambrosia Beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 3875 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5130589, {"references":["Blandford, W. F. H. (1894 a) The rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. Part III. Scolytidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1894, 53 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1894. tb 02347. x","Beeson, C. F. C. (1930) The biology of the genus Xyleborus with more new species. Indian Forest Records, 14, 209 - 272.","Murayama, J. (1936) Notes sur les scolytides (Coleopteres) de Honshu et Kiushu, Japon. Tenthredo, 1, 121 - 149.","Yin, H. - F., Huang, F. - S. & Li, Z. - L. (1984) Economic Insect Fauna of China, Fasc. 29, Coleoptera: Scolytidae. Science Press, Beijing, 205 pp. + Plates I - XIX.","Nobuchi, A. (1966) Bark beetles injurious to pine in Japan. Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station, 185, 1 - 49 + Plates 1 - 6.","Hulcr, J. (2012) Xyleborini ambrosia beetles. Available from: http: // Xyleborini. myspecies. info / gallery (accessed 15 June 2014)","Nunberg, M. (1959) Die Gattung Xyleborus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Erganzungen, Berichtugungen und Erweiterung der Diagnosen. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 9, 413 - 466."]}

35. Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn) Xyleborus hirtus Hagedorn, 1904: 126. Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn): Hulcr et al., 2007: 578. Thai distribution: (unspecified province) (Beaver & Liu 2010). N: Chiang Mai; N-E: Loei; S: Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Trang. New records: Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai University, 300 m, dry dipterocarp forest, FIT, 16.v.���6.vi.2005, 13.xii.2005 ��� 5.i.2006 (W. Puranasakul) (7); Doi Inthanon NP, campground pond, 18�� 32.657' N, 98�� 31.482' E, 1200 m, MT, 2���9.viii.2006 (1); as previous except: checkpoint 2, 18�� 31.559' N, 98�� 29.941' E, 1700 m, MT, various dates from 29.vi���21.ix.2006 (5); as previous except: Kew Mae Pan, 18�� 33.163' N, 98�� 28.8' E, 2200 m, MT, 8���15.vii.2006 (1) (all Y. Areeluck); Doi Phahompok NP, 20 o 7.644' N, 99 o 8.89' E, 2000 m, at light, 24���30.vii.2006 (H. Mendel & M. V. L. Barclay) (2); Kewlom1/ montane forest, 20�� 3.549' N, 99�� 8.552' E, 2174 m, MT, 18���25.vii.2007 (Wongchai, P.) (1); Doi Phaluang, 20�� 1.06' N, 99�� 9.581' E, 1449 m, MT, 20���27.vii.2007 (Wongchai, P.) (3); Doi Pui, 1400 m, EtOH trap, 16���20.viii., 6���10.ix.2004 (W. Puranasakul) (8); Loei, Na Haeo, forest clearing, light trap, 16.v.2003 (Constant & Smets) (1); Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Khao Luang NP, headquarters, 08�� 22' 21.6'' N, 99�� 44' 14.7'' E, 196 m, EtOH trap, various dates from 01.iv.2010 ��� 31.vi.2011 (W. Sittichaya) (23); Trang, Khao Bantad WS, Sairung Waterfall, 07�� 26' 31.0'' N, 99�� 48' 28.6'' E, 110 m, EtOH trap, 01.xi.2013 (W. Sittichaya) (1). Other distribution: China (Fujian), India, Myanmar, Taiwan, Vietnam. The species also occurs in Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos and Nepal (R. A. Beaver, unpublished records). (2) Biology: Recorded from five species in five different families (Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Rutaceae, Symplocaceae, Ulmaceae) (Wood & Bright 1992, Beaver & Liu 2010). Illustrations: D (Maiti & Saha 2004 as Cyclorhipidion hirtus)., Published as part of Beaver, R. A., Sittichaya, W. & Liu, L-Y., 2014, A Synopsis of the Scolytine Ambrosia Beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 3875 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5130589, {"references":["Hagedorn, M. (1904) Enumeratio Scolytidarum e Sikkim et Japan natarum Musei historico-naturalis Parisiorum, quas Dominus J. Harmand annis 1890 et 1891 collegit descriptionibus specierum novarum adjectis. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 10, 122 - 126.","Beaver, R. A. & Liu, L. - Y. (2010) An annotated synopsis of Taiwanese bark and ambrosia beetles, with new synonymy, new combinations and new records (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 2602, 1 - 47.","Wood, S. L. & Bright, D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1 - 1553.","Maiti, P. K. & Saha, N. (2004) Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Scolytidae: Coleoptera (Bark and Ambrosia Beetles). Vol. 1. Part 1. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 268 pp."]}

Anisandrus maiche Stark (Figs. 1, 2, 4���6) Anisandrus maiche Stark 1936: 142. Anisandrus maiche Eggers 1942: 36 (Synonymy: Pfeffer 1944) Diagnosis. Specimens of A. maiche can be distinguished from other members of Anisandrus occurring in North America by the smaller body size (A. dispar, also a non-native species in North America, but is easily distinguished by its smaller body size ( 3.2 mm for A. dispar), and the interstriae on the elytral disc which have only one row of seriate punctures (Fig. 2) compared with 2���3 rows of punctures in A. dispar (Fig. 3). Distinguishing Anisandrus from other North American Xyleborina. Hulcr et al. (2007) restored the genus Anisandrus, and included species formerly in Xyleborus, Ambrosiodmus Hopkins and Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn. They state that Anisandrus belongs to a group of genera that are defined by a short, stout body, characteristically flattened antennal club, and, most importantly, the presence of a pronotal mycangial tuft of hairs (Fig. 1). Anisandrus is very similar to Xylosandrus except that the procoxae of Anisandrus are contiguous (Fig. 8), whereas those of Xylosandrus are separated (Fig. 7). In the key to species of Xyleborus north of Mexico by Rabaglia et al. (2006), species that are now recognized as species of Anisandrus are characterized by having the antennal club distinctly and obliquely truncate with segment 1 corneous (couplet 1), the anterior margin of the pronotum distinctly armed by several coarse serrations, and the body A. maiche with alterations in bold type. An illustrated, online key (http://xyleborini.tamu.edu/keys.php) to North American Xyleborina will be updated to include Anisandrus in the generic key and the following key to the four species in North America., Published as part of Rabaglia, Robert J., Vandenberg, Natalia J. & Acciavatti, Robert E., 2009, First records of Anisandrus maiche Stark (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from North America, pp. 23-28 in Zootaxa 2137 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188523, {"references":["Stark, V. N. (1936) Novye vidy koroedov iz Aziatsko chasti SSSR [New species of bark beetles from the Asian part of the USSR]. Bulletin of the Far East Branch, Academy of Science USSR, Vladivostok (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Dal' nevostochnyi filial, Vestnik) 18: 141 - 154 [In Russian].","Eggers, V. H. (1942) Zur palaarktischen Borkenkaferfauna (Coleoptera: Ipidae), VIII. Borkenkafer aus dem asiatischen Russland. Arbeiten uber morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie [In German].","Pfeffer, A. (1944) Bemerkungen zur Arbeit von Hans Eggers: Zur Palearktischen Borkenkaferfauna. VIII. Borkenkafer aus dem asiatischen Russland (Col.: Ipidae). Arbeiten uber Morphologische und Taxonomische Entomologie, 11,130 - 131 [In German].","Hulcr, J., Dole, S. A., Beaver, R. A., & Cognato, A. I. (2007) Cladistic review of taxonomic characters in Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Systematic Entomology, 32 (3), 568 - 584.","Rabaglia, R. J., Dole, S. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2006) Review of American Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) occurring north of Mexico, with an illustrated key. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99 (6), 1034 - 1056."]}

The shot hole borer, Anisandrus pyri (Peck), which has been referred to as the American representative of the European species A. dispar (Fab.) and from which according to Swame (1918) it is doubtfully distinct, has long been known in the eastern parts of Canada and the United States. This species has also been present for a number of years in the West where its distribution is apparently confined to the coast districts. As it has become particularly troublesome during recent years in British Columbia, and as published accounts of its occurrence in this province are very meagre, the following notes may be considered timely.