59 results on '"Anirban, Datta"'
Search Results
2. Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Nonwoven Recycled Cotton/PET Fiber‐Reinforced Polyester Hybrid Composites
- Author
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Barshan Dev, Md Ashikur Rahman, Tasnima Tazrin, Md Shahinul Islam, Anirban Datta, and Md Zillur Rahman
- Subjects
applications ,composites ,mechanical properties ,nonwoven ,PET bottles ,recycled fibers ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Abstract This study investigates the mechanical properties of nonwoven hybrid composites made from recycled cotton/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with various fiber weight percentages (100/0, 0/100, 75/25, 60/40, 50/70, 60/40, and 25/75). The multilayered nonwoven carded webs are manufactured by the carding machine, while the manual lay‐up technique is used to fabricate nonwoven‐reinforced composites. Their tensile, flexural, and impact properties and microstructure are then examined. It is found that the tensile modulus and strength increase with the increase in cotton, while the impact strength improves with the increase in PET. The composite of 75% cotton/25% PET offers 92.13% and 67.87% higher tensile modulus and strength than the composite of 25% cotton/75% PET; however, the composite of 25% cotton/75% PET shows 83.09% and 36.22% higher flexural modulus and strength, and 187% more impact strength, respectively, than the composite of 75% cotton/25% PET. The outcome of this study indicates that nonwoven composites with higher contents of recycled cotton can potentially be applied in building and construction sectors where substantial tensile strength is necessary, while composites with comparatively higher contents of recycled PET may be used for various potential applications (e.g., helmets, surfboards, and automotive interiors) where significant flexural and impact strengths are required.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Building Skills for Sustainable Development – A Key for Business Excellence
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Sushmita, Choudhury, primary and Anirban, Datta, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Tigers are Our Brothers: Anthropology of Wildlife Conservation in Northeast India
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Anirban Datta-Roy
- Subjects
Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Reduction method of zigzag type-2 uncertain variable and its application in two stage STP.
- Author
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Dipanjana Sengupta, Uttam Kumar Bera, Anirban Datta, and Amrit Das
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Defuzzication method of type-2 gamma fuzzy variables and its application to transportation problem.
- Author
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Akash Singh, Uttam Kumar Bera, Dipanjana Sengupta, Anirban Datta, and Amrit Das
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. An annotated checklist of the birds of the upper Siang region, Arunachal Pradesh, India
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Anirban Datta-Roy, Vivek Ramachandran, and Karthik Teegalapalli
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eastern himalaya ,new records ,northeastern india ,secondary forests ,shifting cultivation ,siang ,tsangpo. ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
We present the most comprehensive list of birds for the upper Siang region based on surveys and opportunistic observations from 2010 to 2016. Of the 252 species recorded for this region, we report 66 for the first time, including six globally threatened species. The presence of migratory waterfowl indicates the importance of the Siang Valley as a migratory route. We also emphasise the importance of mixed-use shifting cultivation landscapes outside protected areas in sustaining bird diversity. Further focused surveys in remote parts of this landscape are required to fully understand the biodiversity significance of this region in the face of emerging large-scale threats.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Large Mammal Hunting in a Changing Swidden System of Arunachal Pradesh, India
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Anirban Datta-Roy
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Ecology ,Anthropology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2022
9. Network Automation: Enhancing Operational Efficiency Across the Network Environment
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Anirban Datta, A. T. M. Asif Imran, and Chinmay Biswas
- Abstract
Network automation has evolved into a solution that emphasizes efficiency in all areas. Furthermore, communication and computer networks rely on a platform that provides the necessary technological infrastructure for packet transfer through the Internet using routing protocols. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized gateway protocol that exchanges routing information across autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. The traditional technique to configure BGP is inefficient compared to the network automation concept. Network automation helps to assist network administrators in automating and verifying the BGP configuration using scripting. This paper implemented network automation using Ansible to configure BGP routing and advanced configuration in the live network environment. This study is focused on automated scripting to configure IP Addresses to the interfaces, BGP routing protocol, configuration backup. Ansible ran the scripting on Network Automation Docker and pushed the configurations to the routers. The network automation controller communicated with other routers via SSH. The findings show that Ansible has successfully deployed the configuration to the routers with no errors. Ansible can help network administrators minimized human mistakes, reduce time-consuming and enable device visibility across the network environment. This study can help network administrators minimized human mistakes, reduce time-consuming and enable device visibility across the network environment. Implementing different types of authentication and hardening process can enhance the network security level for future
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- 2023
10. A Novel Fault Detection and Replacement Scheme in WSN.
- Author
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Indrajit Banerjee, Anirban Datta, Sonalisa Pal, Soujanya Chatterjee, and Tuhina Samanta
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Reversible covalent direct thrombin inhibitors.
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Mohanram Sivaraja, Nicola Pozzi, Matthew Rienzo, Kenneth Lin, Timothy P Shiau, Daniel M Clemens, Lev Igoudin, Piotr Zalicki, Stephanie S Chang, M Angels Estiarte, Kevin M Short, David C Williams, Anirban Datta, Enrico Di Cera, and David B Kita
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
INTRODUCTION:In recent years, the traditional treatments for thrombotic diseases, heparin and warfarin, are increasingly being replaced by novel oral anticoagulants offering convenient dosing regimens, more predictable anticoagulant responses, and less frequent monitoring. However, these drugs can be contraindicated for some patients and, in particular, their bleeding liability remains high. METHODS:We have developed a new class of direct thrombin inhibitors (VE-DTIs) and have utilized kinetics, biochemical, and X-ray structural studies to characterize the mechanism of action and in vitro pharmacology of an exemplary compound from this class, Compound 1. RESULTS:We demonstrate that Compound 1, an exemplary VE-DTI, acts through reversible covalent inhibition. Compound 1 inhibits thrombin by transiently acylating the active site S195 with high potency and significant selectivity over other trypsin-like serine proteases. The compound inhibits the binding of a peptide substrate with both clot-bound and free thrombin with nanomolar potency. Compound 1 is a low micromolar inhibitor of thrombin activity against endogenous substrates such as fibrinogen and a nanomolar inhibitor of the activation of protein C and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. In the thrombin generation assay, Compound 1 inhibits thrombin generation with low micromolar potency but does not increase the lag time for thrombin formation. In addition, Compound 1 showed weak inhibition of clotting in PT and aPTT assays consistent with its distinctive profile in the thrombin generation assay. CONCLUSION:Compound 1, while maintaining strong potency comparable to the current DTIs, has a distinct mechanism of action which produces a differentiating pharmacological profile. Acting through reversible covalent inhibition, these direct thrombin inhibitors could lead to new anticoagulants with better combined efficacy and bleeding profiles.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Optimization of jackfruit seed starch-soya protein isolate ratio and process variables for flaxseed oil encapsulation
- Author
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BIBWE BHUSHAN, INDRA MANI, ABHIJIT KAR, and ANIRBAN DATTA
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Encapsulation ,Flaxseed oil ,Omega-3 ,Response surface methodology ,Starch-protein complex ,Agriculture - Abstract
The attribution as functional food ingredient of omega-3 fatty acid encouraged food researchers and industry for development of foods enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. Flaxseed oil (FSO) is the prolific vegetarian source of alpha linolenic acid (ω-3) for food enrichment, but its direct incorporation in food is problematic due to its high oxidation susceptibility. Microencapsulation of FSO using spray drying with jack fruit seed starch (JSS)-soya protein isolate (SPI) coating combination was studied as it is widely used approach to address the issue. The study was aimed at optimization of JSS-SPI ratio and process variables for microencapsulation of FSO with goals of maximization of encapsulation efficiency (EE), minimization of peroxide value (PV) and desired range of moisture content (MC:3-5, % wb) using Response surface methodology (RSM). The Box Behnken design (3k) was used to plan the experiments with three independent variables, viz. JSS-SPI ratio (1:1, 3:1 and 5:1), oil loading (20, 25 and 30%) of total solids in emulsion and inlet air temperature (160, 170 and 180°C) of spray dryer. Response surface methodology was used for analysis of responses (EE, PV and MC) and second order polynomial models were found significantly fitted to the responses with high coefficient of determination. The JSS:SPI ratio of 3.24:1, 23.8% oil loading and 175°C drying air temperature were selected as the optimum conditions after numerical optimization and model validation.
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- 2017
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13. A robust in silico analogue of MDCK cystogenesis mimics growth in multiple culture conditions.
- Author
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Jesse Engelberg, Anirban Datta, Keith E. Mostov, and C. Anthony Hunt
- Published
- 2011
14. DJSS: Distributed job scheduling scheme for WSN.
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Indrajit Banerjee, Prasenjit Chanak, Anirban Datta, and Hafizur Rahaman 0001
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- 2011
- Full Text
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15. Discovery of novel N-acylpyrazoles as potent and selective thrombin inhibitors
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Kevin M. Short, M. Angels Estiarte, Son M. Pham, David C. Williams, Lev Igoudin, Subhadra Dash, Nichole Sandoval, Anirban Datta, Nicola Pozzi, Enrico Di Cera, and David B. Kita
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Pharmacology ,Organic Chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,General Medicine - Abstract
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), which includes thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors, have emerged as the preferred therapeutics for thrombotic disorders, penetrating a market previously dominated by warfarin and heparin. This article describes the discovery and profiling of a novel series of N-acylpyrazoles, which act as selective, covalent, reversible, non-competitive inhibitors of thrombin. We describe in vitro stability issues associated with this chemotype and, importantly, demonstrate that N-acylpyrazoles successfully act in vivo as anticoagulants in basic thrombotic animal models. Crucially, this anticoagulant nature is unaccompanied by the higher bleeding risk profile that has become an undesirable characteristic of the DTIs and factor Xa inhibitors. We propose that the N-acylpyrazole chemotype shows intriguing promise as next-generation oral anticoagulants.
- Published
- 2022
16. Challenges in Design of Positive Isolation System for Large Diameter Gas Piping in Steel Plants
- Author
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ANIRBAN DATTA
- Published
- 2021
17. Theatre moments and the search for language
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Anirban Datta and Sankha Ghosh
- Published
- 2021
18. MDCK Cystogenesis Driven by Cell Stabilization within Computational Analogues.
- Author
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Jesse Engelberg, Anirban Datta, Keith E. Mostov, and C. Anthony Hunt
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. VE-1902-A direct thrombin inhibitor with reversible covalent mechanism of action shows efficacy with reduced bleeding in rodent models of thrombosis
- Author
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Mohanram Sivaraja, David Ben Kita, Chengpei Xu, Sivan Sizikov, Lev Igoudin, M. Angels Estiarte, Nicola Pozzi, Bo Yang, Timothy Shiau, Matthew Rienzo, Keith A.A. Fox, Subhadra Dash, Madhuri Chattopadhyay, David C. Williams, Enrico Di Cera, Samuel Keutzer, Kevin Michael Short, C. Michael Gibson, Daniel M. Clemens, Molly Ryan, Stephanie S Chang, Anirban Datta, and Piotr Zalicki
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Hemorrhage ,Rodentia ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pharmacology ,Argatroban ,Antithrombins ,Article ,Dabigatran ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Thrombin ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Platelet ,Platelet activation ,business.industry ,Anticoagulants ,Thrombosis ,Hematology ,medicine.disease ,Direct thrombin inhibitor ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business ,medicine.drug ,Discovery and development of direct thrombin inhibitors - Abstract
Introduction High incidence of bleeding events remains a key risk for patients taking anticoagulants, especially those in need of long-term combination therapy with antiplatelet agents. As a consequence, patients may not receive clinically indicated combination antithrombotic therapy. Here, we report on VE-1902, a member of a novel class of precision oral anticoagulants (PROACs) that combines effective anticoagulation with reduced bleeding in preclinical testing. Methods and results Acting through covalent, reversible active-site modification of thrombin similar to a previously described molecule [ 1 ], VE-1902 shows potency and selectivity for thrombin inhibition in human plasma comparable to clinically relevant direct thrombin inhibitors (DTI) such as argatroban and dabigatran (thrombin generation assay ETP EC50 = 1.3 μM compared to 0.36 μM and 0.31 μM for argatroban and dabigatran; >100-fold selectivity against related serine proteases). Unlike the current anticoagulants, VE-1902 does not significantly inhibit thrombin-mediated platelet activation in in vivo models of thrombosis. In the thrombin generation assay, the compound inhibits thrombin formation without significantly delaying the initiation phase of the clotting cascade. These features are possibly responsible for the observed reduced bleeding in tail bleeding and saphenous vein bleeding models. Consistent with this novel pharmacological profile, VE-1902 shows efficacious anticoagulation in several fibrin-driven animal models of thrombosis (arteriovenous shunt, venous stasis thrombosis, and thrombin-induced thromboembolism models), whereas it does not significantly prevent arterial occlusion in the platelet dependent FeCl3 model. Conclusions By leaving platelet activation following vascular injury mostly unaffected, VE-1902, and the PROACs more generally, represent a new generation of precision anticoagulants with reduced bleeding risk.
- Published
- 2020
20. Tigers are our brothers: understanding human-nature relations in the Mishmi hills, northeast India
- Author
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Anirban Datta-Roy
- Subjects
Ecology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Published
- 2022
21. Abstract TMP98: A New Class of Precision Oral Anticoagulants (proacs) That Mostly Preserves Platelet Activity in vitro and in vivo
- Author
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Lev Igoudin, Stephanie H. Chang, Angels Estiarte, David Ben Kita, Anirban Datta, Sivan Sizikov, Timothy Shiau, Tamari Kirtadze, Mohanram Sivaraja, David J. Williams, Chengpei Xu, Daniel M. Clemens, Bo Yang, Kevin Michael Short, and Madhuri Chattopadhyay
- Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Ideal (set theory) ,In vivo ,business.industry ,Ischemic stroke ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Platelet activation ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Bioinformatics ,business ,Major bleeding ,Unmet needs - Abstract
Introduction: Anticoagulants, while an effective prophylactic for ischemic stroke increase a patient’s risk of major bleeding. There is currently an unmet need for new anticoagulants with the ideal combination of efficacy and low bleeding risk. Here we describe the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of two development candidates VE-01902 and VE-02851, expected to enter phase I clinical trials in 2018 and 2019 respectively. These compounds belong to a new class of anti-coagulants, the PRecision Oral AntiCoagulants (PROACs), which inhibit fibrinogen cleavage at potencies comparable to the known Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (DTIs) while only weakly inhibiting thrombin induced platelet activation in plasma and whole blood. Methods: Enzyme activity assays by optical methods. Platelet status by expression of CD62P by flow cytometry. In vitro coagulation by Thrombin Generation Assay (TGA). In vivo efficacy and bleeding risk evaluated by rodent models of thrombosis and bleeding time tests. Results and Conclusions: The PROACs are a class of compounds that share a unique mechanism of action: reversible covalent inhibitors of thrombin with slow enzyme kinetics. We examined Thrombin Generation in platelet Poor Plasma (PPP) and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) of VE-01902 and VE-02851 and compared it to the known DTIs argatroban and dabigatran. In both plasma samples the PROACs potently inhibit the propagation phase (Endogenous Thrombin Potential (ETP)) while, unlike the known DTIs, only weakly affect the initiation phase of thrombin generation (10 to 20-fold weaker). In the PRP samples the PROACs do not significantly affect platelet activation even while suppressing ETP. To better understand the unique in vitro properties of the PROACs we studied the activity of multiple key factors of the coagulation cascade. Like argatroban and dabigatran, the PROACs protect mice from the effects of thrombin-induced pulmonary embolism and inhibit clot formation in the arteriovenous shunt rat model. However unlike these DTIs, they do not significantly inhibit platelet activation in either of these rodent models. Despite its strong anticoagulant properties, the PROACs show significantly lower bleeding than comparators.
- Published
- 2019
22. Reversible covalent direct thrombin inhibitors
- Author
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Lev Igoudin, David C. Williams, David Ben Kita, Mohanram Sivaraja, Kevin Michael Short, Timothy Shiau, M. Angels Estiarte, Enrico Di Cera, Nicola Pozzi, Kenneth Lin, Daniel M. Clemens, Anirban Datta, Piotr Zalicki, Matthew Rienzo, and Stephanie S Chang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Glycobiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pharmacology ,Fibrinogen ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,Biochemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,Catalytic Domain ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Crystallography ,Chemistry ,Physics ,Anticoagulant ,Thrombin ,Drugs ,Heparin ,Proteases ,Condensed Matter Physics ,3. Good health ,Enzymes ,Body Fluids ,Blood ,Physical Sciences ,Crystal Structure ,medicine.symptom ,Anatomy ,medicine.drug ,circulatory and respiratory physiology ,Research Article ,medicine.drug_class ,Plasmins ,Antithrombins ,Blood Plasma ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Potency ,Humans ,Solid State Physics ,Glycoproteins ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Anticoagulants ,030104 developmental biology ,Mechanism of action ,Models, Chemical ,Enzymology ,lcsh:Q ,Serine Proteases ,Protein C ,Discovery and development of direct thrombin inhibitors - Abstract
Introduction In recent years, the traditional treatments for thrombotic diseases, heparin and warfarin, are increasingly being replaced by novel oral anticoagulants offering convenient dosing regimens, more predictable anticoagulant responses, and less frequent monitoring. However, these drugs can be contraindicated for some patients and, in particular, their bleeding liability remains high. Methods We have developed a new class of direct thrombin inhibitors (VE-DTIs) and have utilized kinetics, biochemical, and X-ray structural studies to characterize the mechanism of action and in vitro pharmacology of an exemplary compound from this class, Compound 1. Results We demonstrate that Compound 1, an exemplary VE-DTI, acts through reversible covalent inhibition. Compound 1 inhibits thrombin by transiently acylating the active site S195 with high potency and significant selectivity over other trypsin-like serine proteases. The compound inhibits the binding of a peptide substrate with both clot-bound and free thrombin with nanomolar potency. Compound 1 is a low micromolar inhibitor of thrombin activity against endogenous substrates such as fibrinogen and a nanomolar inhibitor of the activation of protein C and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. In the thrombin generation assay, Compound 1 inhibits thrombin generation with low micromolar potency but does not increase the lag time for thrombin formation. In addition, Compound 1 showed weak inhibition of clotting in PT and aPTT assays consistent with its distinctive profile in the thrombin generation assay. Conclusion Compound 1, while maintaining strong potency comparable to the current DTIs, has a distinct mechanism of action which produces a differentiating pharmacological profile. Acting through reversible covalent inhibition, these direct thrombin inhibitors could lead to new anticoagulants with better combined efficacy and bleeding profiles.
- Published
- 2018
23. The Expected Value Defuzzification Method for Pentagonal Fuzzy Number to Solve a Carbon Cost Integrated Solid Transportation Problem
- Author
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Uttam Kumar Bera, Dipanjana Sengupta, Anirban Datta, and Amrit Das
- Subjects
Mathematical optimization ,021103 operations research ,Linear programming ,Computer science ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Solver ,Expected value ,Defuzzification ,Fuzzy logic ,Reduction (complexity) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Feature (machine learning) ,Fuzzy number ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing - Abstract
The main feature of this paper is to propose the reduction method for the pentagonal fuzzy number using the expected value criterion. In this regard, some theoretical development is proposed for the pentagonal fuzzy number. As an application to the proposed reduction method, a single objective carbon cost integrated solid transportation problem minimizing the transportation cost along with the emission cost is solved with the parameters are as the pentagonal fuzzy number. To validate the proposed reduction method an analysis is outlined with the existing expected value reduction methods (viz. triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers). After defuzzified the pentagonal fuzzy parameters, the equivalent deterministic problem is solved using the LINGO optimization solver. Based on the obtained solution, some important managerial decisions are finalized.
- Published
- 2018
24. Rainfall anomalies and flooding of the Siang
- Author
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[ Chintan and Anirban Datta-Roy
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Fibroblast-derived HGF drives acinar lung cancer cell polarization through integrin-dependent RhoA-ROCK1 inhibition
- Author
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Emma Sandilands, Keith E. Mostov, Anirban Datta, and David M. Bryant
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,RHOA ,Lung Neoplasms ,Medical Physiology ,Acinar Cell ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell polarity ,Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ,HGF ,Lung ,Cancer ,0303 health sciences ,rho-Associated Kinases ,Tumor ,biology ,Chemistry ,Hepatocyte Growth Factor ,Integrin beta1 ,Cell Polarity ,Hedgehog signaling pathway ,Cell biology ,Extracellular Matrix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Met ,Epithelia ,Morphogen ,Signal Transduction ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ,Stromal cell ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Integrin ,Morphogenesis ,Adenocarcinoma of Lung ,Adenocarcinoma ,Article ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Underpinning research ,ROCK1 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Paracrine Communication ,medicine ,Humans ,Fibroblast ,030304 developmental biology ,Carcinoma, Acinar Cell ,Carcinoma ,RhoA ,Cell Biology ,Fibroblasts ,Repressor Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,rhoA GTP-Binding Protein - Abstract
The formation of lumens in epithelial tissues requires apical-basal polarization of cells, and the co-ordination of this individual polarity collectively around a contiguous lumen. Signals from the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) instruct epithelia as to the orientation of where basal, and thus consequently apical, surfaces should be formed. We report that this pathway is normally absent in Calu-3 human lung adenocarcinoma cells in 3-Dimensional culture, but that paracrine signals from MRC5 lung fibroblasts can induce correct orientation of polarity and acinar morphogenesis. We identify HGF, acting through the c-Met receptor, as the key polarity-inducing morphogen, which acts to activate β1-integrin-dependent adhesion. HGF and ECM-derived integrin signals co-operate via a c-Src-dependent inhibition of the RhoA-ROCK1 signalling pathway via p190A RhoGAP. This occurred via controlling localization of these signalling pathways to the ECM-abutting surface of cells in 3-Dimensional culture. Thus, stromal derived signals can influence morphogenesis in epithelial cells by controlling activation and localization of cell polarity pathways.
- Published
- 2017
26. Defuzzication method of type-2 gamma fuzzy variables and its application to transportation problem
- Author
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Dipanjana Sengupta, Uttam Kumar Bera, Akash Singh, Anirban Datta, and Amrit Das
- Subjects
Engineering ,Fuzzy classification ,Neuro-fuzzy ,business.industry ,Fuzzy set ,Transportation theory ,computer.software_genre ,Defuzzification ,Fuzzy logic ,Fuzzy transportation ,Fuzzy set operations ,Data mining ,business ,computer - Abstract
The main investigation of the paper is to develop the defuzzification method of type-2 gamma fuzzy variables. For this purpose, we have proposed the deffuzification technique of type-2 gamma fuzzy variables with the help of CV based reduction method. The paper also focuses on the significance to use the type-2 fuzzy variables especially the type-2 gamma fuzzy variables. In this paper, a transportation problem (TP) has been used to perform the proposed defuzzification approach. Finally, some real life data collected from different parts of our state has been used to solve the transportation problem (TP). The proposed deffuzification method has been illustrated with two examples to enrich the method. To solve this model, Lingo 13.0 optimization software has been used. Finally some managerial views are discussed to illustrate the result along with future scope.
- Published
- 2017
27. Reduction method of zigzag type-2 uncertain variable and its application in two stage STP
- Author
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Uttam Kumar Bera, Dipanjana Sengupta, Amrit Das, and Anirban Datta
- Subjects
Reduction (complexity) ,Mathematical optimization ,Zigzag ,Computation ,Fuzzy set ,Process (computing) ,Measurement uncertainty ,Transportation theory ,Expected value ,Mathematics - Abstract
The main purpose of the paper is to present the reduction process of type-2 zigzag uncertain variables with an application to a two stage solid transportation problem (STP). The problem under consideration has been described with all its parameters are in type-2 zigzag uncertain variables. To solve the problem, we have used the proposed reduction method which is based on expected value of the type-2 zigzag uncertain variables. Whole the research will describe the superiority to use the uncertain variables in transportation problem. In connection with the real life situation, we have encountered a numerical example with the help of practical data to show the use of our proposed reduction method in two-stage STP. All the soft computations regarding the numerical problem solution are performed in Lingo 13.0 iterative platform. At the last, the overall contribution, iteration and managerial facts have been outlined following the result.
- Published
- 2017
28. Earthquakes in Tibet have triggered massive landslides darkening the Siang River
- Author
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Chintan Sheth and Anirban Datta-Roy
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. A Molecular Switch for the Orientation of Epithelial Cell Polarization
- Author
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Dennis J. Eastburn, Minji Kim, Andrew J. Ewald, Arend W. Overeem, Wei Yu, David M. Bryant, Keith E. Mostov, Anirban Datta, Julie Roignot, Xiao Peng, and Zena Werb
- Subjects
RHOA ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Epithelium ,Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ,Cell membrane ,Extracellular matrix ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ezrin ,Cell polarity ,Morphogenesis ,Protein Phosphatase 2 ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Phosphorylation ,rho-Associated Kinases ,biology ,Integrin beta1 ,GTPase-Activating Proteins ,Cell Polarity ,Biological Sciences ,Extracellular Matrix ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Transcytosis ,Podocalyxin ,RNA Interference ,Signal Transduction ,Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers ,Sialoglycoproteins ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Small Interfering ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cell Line ,Dogs ,Underpinning research ,Protein Kinase C beta ,medicine ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Membrane ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,Apical membrane ,Phosphoproteins ,Cytoskeletal Proteins ,chemistry ,Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ,biology.protein ,RNA ,rhoA GTP-Binding Protein ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
SummaryThe formation of epithelial tissues containing lumens requires not only the apical-basolateral polarization of cells, but also the coordinated orientation of this polarity such that the apical surfaces of neighboring cells all point toward the central lumen. Defects in extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling lead to inverted polarity so that the apical surfaces face the surrounding ECM. We report a molecular switch mechanism controlling polarity orientation. ECM signals through a β1-integrin/FAK/p190RhoGAP complex to downregulate a RhoA/ROCK/Ezrin pathway at the ECM interface. PKCβII phosphorylates the apical identity-promoting Podocalyxin/NHERF1/Ezrin complex, removing Podocalyxin from the ECM-abutting cell surface and initiating its transcytosis to an apical membrane initiation site for lumen formation. Inhibition of this switch mechanism results in the retention of Podocalyxin at the ECM interface and the development instead of collective front-rear polarization and motility. Thus, ECM-derived signals control the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues by controlling the collective orientation of epithelial polarization.
- Published
- 2014
30. Synaptotagmin-Like Proteins Control Formation of a Single Apical Membrane Domain in Epithelial Cells
- Author
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Mitsunori Fukuda, David M. Bryant, Natalie Spivak, Ilenia Bernascone, Keith E. Mostov, Alejo E. Rodriguez-Fraticelli, Christiaan L. Slim, Fernando Martín-Belmonte, Anirban Datta, Takao Yasuda, Inmaculada Bañón-Rodríguez, Kitty Young, Silvia Vergarajauregui, Paul Brakeman, and Manuel Gálvez-Santisteban
- Subjects
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Synaptotagmin 1 ,Vesicle tethering ,Article ,Cell Line ,Cell membrane ,03 medical and health sciences ,Synaptotagmins ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell polarity ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,Epithelial polarity ,0303 health sciences ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Vesicle ,Cell Membrane ,Rab GTPases ,epithelial morphogenesis ,Cell Polarity ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,phosphoinositides ,Membrane transport ,Apical membrane ,Microarray Analysis ,synaptotagmin-like proteins ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,vesicle trafficking ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,lumen formation - Abstract
The formation of epithelial tissues requires both the generation of apical-basal polarity and the coordination of this polarity between neighbouring cells to form a central lumen. During de novo lumen formation, vectorial membrane transport contributes to the formation of a singular apical membrane, resulting in the contribution of each cell to only a single lumen. Here, from a functional screen for genes required for three-dimensional epithelial architecture, we identify key roles for synaptotagmin-like proteins 2-a and 4-a (Slp2-a/4-a) in the generation of a single apical surface per cell. Slp2-a localizes to the luminal membrane in a PtdIns(4,5)P(2)-dependent manner, where it targets Rab27-loaded vesicles to initiate a single lumen. Vesicle tethering and fusion is controlled by Slp4-a, in conjunction with Rab27/Rab3/Rab8 and the SNARE syntaxin-3. Together, Slp2-a/4-a coordinate the spatiotemporal organization of vectorial apical transport to ensure that only a single apical surface, and thus the formation of a single lumen, occurs per cell.
- Published
- 2012
31. Pseudomonas aeruginosa interacts with epithelial cells rapidly forming aggregates that are internalized by a Lyn-dependent mechanism
- Author
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Arlinet Kierbel, Keith E. Mostov, Jessica Rossello, Anirban Datta, Paola Lepanto, and David M. Bryant
- Subjects
Host cell membrane ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Biology ,SRC Family Tyrosine Kinase ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Bacterial cell structure ,Cell biology ,LYN ,Interaction with host ,Cell culture ,Virology ,medicine ,Internalization ,media_common - Abstract
Growing evidence is pointing to the importance of multicellular bacterial structures in the interaction of pathogenic bacteria with their host. Transition from planktonic to host cell-associated multicellular structures is an essential infection step that has not been described for the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study we show that P. aeruginosa interacts with the surface of epithelial cells mainly forming aggregates. Dynamics of aggregate formation typically follow a sigmoidal curve. First, a single bacterium attaches at cell-cell junctions. This is followed by rapid recruitment of free-swimming bacteria and association of bacterial cells resulting in the formation of an aggregate on the order of minutes. Aggregates are associated with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3)-enriched host cell membrane protrusions. We further show that aggregates can be rapidly internalized into epithelial cells. Lyn, a member of the Src family tyrosine kinases previously implicated in P. aeruginosa infection, mediates both PIP3-enriched protrusion formation and aggregate internalization. Our results establish the first framework of principles that define P. aeruginosa transition to multicellular structures during interaction with host cells.
- Published
- 2011
32. Molecular Regulation of Lumen Morphogenesis
- Author
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Anirban Datta, Keith E. Mostov, and David M. Bryant
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Cell signaling ,Body Patterning ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,Cellular differentiation ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Morphogenesis ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Epithelium ,Cell biology ,Extracellular matrix ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell polarity ,medicine ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,030304 developmental biology ,Lumen (unit) - Abstract
The asymmetric polarization of cells allows specialized functions to be performed at discrete subcellular locales. Spatiotemporal coordination of polarization between groups of cells allowed the evolution of metazoa. For instance, coordinated apical-basal polarization of epithelial and endothelial cells allows transport of nutrients and metabolites across cell barriers and tissue microenvironments. The defining feature of such tissues is the presence of a central, interconnected luminal network. Although tubular networks are present in seemingly different organ systems, such as the kidney, lung, and blood vessels, common underlying principles govern their formation. Recent studies using in vivo and in vitro models of lumen formation have shed new light on the molecular networks regulating this fundamental process. We here discuss progress in understanding common design principles underpinning de novo lumen formation and expansion.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Population Survey of the Bengal Slow Loris,Nycticebus bengalensis,in Meghalaya, Northeast India
- Author
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N. Swapna, Anindya Sinha, Anirban Datta-Roy, and Sindhu Radhakrishna
- Subjects
biology ,Ecology ,Slow loris ,Nycticebus bengalensis ,Logging ,Poaching ,Prosimian ,biology.organism_classification ,Geography ,Habitat ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Conservation biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Wildlife conservation - Abstract
The Bengal slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis is a nocturnal prosimian that inhabits the forests of northeastern India. As with many nocturnal prosimian species, little is known about its behavior or ecology; even less information is available on its distribution and population status in northeastern India. We conducted a survey of forest patches in the state of Meghalaya, in northeast India, in order to assess its distribution. A secondary aim of our study was to estimate the severity of threats that may affect the long-term survival of the slow loris in Meghalaya. We surveyed sixteen sites in six districts. Slow lorises were seen in only two sites; however, information obtained through secondary sources indicated that they were present in a number of other forest patches across the state. Many of the forests surveyed were severely affected by logging, poaching and forest fires; it is imperative that conservation measures, aimed at protecting existing forest patches, be implemented in order to ensure the long-term survival of the slow loris and other mammals in the state.
- Published
- 2010
34. A kinase cascade leading to Rab11-FIP5 controls transcytosis of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
- Author
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Scott M. Ulrich, Frédéric Luton, Kirk C. Hansen, Keith E. Mostov, Alma L. Burlingame, David M. Bryant, Dennis J. Eastburn, Tao Su, Marcel Verges, Kevan M. Shokat, Anirban Datta, Department of Anatomy, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardiovascular Genetics Centre (IdIBGi), Universitat de Girona (UdG), Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology [San Francisco] (CMP), Department of Chemistry, Ithaca College, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Proteomics Core, and University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora]
- Subjects
MESH: Signal Transduction ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,MESH: Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin ,MESH: Transcytosis ,MESH: Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-yes ,MESH: Amino Acid Sequence ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: Animals ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-yes ,0303 health sciences ,Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin ,Cell biology ,ErbB Receptors ,Liver ,Transcytosis ,Phosphorylation ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction ,MESH: Rats ,Endosome ,Molecular Sequence Data ,MESH: Sequence Alignment ,MESH: Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ,[SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,Endosomes ,Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Humans ,MESH: Immunoglobulin A ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Protein kinase A ,MESH: Mice ,MESH: Protein Kinases ,030304 developmental biology ,MESH: Humans ,MESH: Molecular Sequence Data ,Cell Biology ,Immunoglobulin A ,Rats ,MESH: rab GTP-Binding Proteins ,MESH: Endosomes ,rab GTP-Binding Proteins ,Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor ,Protein Kinases ,Sequence Alignment ,RAB11A ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,MESH: Liver - Abstract
International audience; Polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) transcytosis, mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), is a central component of mucosal immunity and a model for regulation of polarized epithelial membrane traffic. Binding of pIgA to pIgR stimulates transcytosis in a process requiring Yes, a Src family tyrosine kinase (SFK). We show that Yes directly phosphorylates EGF receptor (EGFR) on liver endosomes. Injection of pIgA into rats induced EGFR phosphorylation. Similarly, in MDCK cells, pIgA treatment significantly increased phosphorylation of EGFR on various sites, subsequently activating extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). Furthermore, we find that the Rab11 effector Rab11-FIP5 is a substrate of ERK. Knocking down Yes or Rab11-FIP5, or inhibition of the Yes-EGFR-ERK cascade, decreased pIgA-pIgR transcytosis. Finally, we demonstrate that Rab11-FIP5 phosphorylation by ERK controls Rab11a endosome distribution and pIgA-pIgR transcytosis. Our results reveal a novel Yes-EGFR-ERK-FIP5 signalling network for regulation of pIgA-pIgR transcytosis.
- Published
- 2010
35. Abstract 4851: Potent cell cycle inhibitors suitable for treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors
- Author
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Kevin Michael Short, Georg Neckermann, Mohan Sivaraja, Anne Wong, Elaine To, Makena Ewald, Timothy P. Shiau, Sivan Sizikov, Subhadra Dash, David C. Williams, Anirban Datta, Madhuri Chattopadhyay, Nilantha Sudath Sirisoma, Stephanie W. Chang, Tamari Kirtadze, Angels Estiarte, and David Ben Kita
- Subjects
Multiple drug resistance ,Cancer Research ,Oncology ,Cancer research ,Cell cycle ,Biology - Abstract
We have developed a class of small-molecule cytotoxic compounds that are highly potent in an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay. Preclinical studies show that these drug candidates are potent against a range of cancer cell lines and may be well suited for the treatment of hematologic or solid tumors resistant to existing chemotherapy agents. We will present data on representative members of this class that inhibit cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations and are potent against a variety of cancer cell lines, including liver, breast, ovarian, and lung. The compounds induce cell cycle arrest in the G2M state within 24 hours with cell death occurring over multiple days. These tubulin inhibitors also behave as potent antiangiogenesis agents and inhibit endothelial tube formation in HUVEC cells at nanomolar concentrations. Functional assays using efflux pump inhibitors show that, compared to many major chemotherapy agents, our class of drug candidates is significantly less affected by the efflux pumps MDR1 and MRP1, which are commonly overexpressed as a mechanism of multidrug resistance. Our compounds show comparable potency against wild-type and cell lines developed to be resistant to other cancer drugs, while the potency of clinically relevant compounds such as paclitaxel or doxorubicin is reduced between 80x and about 3000x in the same assay. This feature suggests that our tubulin inhibitors may be active against tumors that are resistant to common cancer drugs. Overexpression of the β-III isotype of tubulin, which is known to occur in many aggressive and metastatic tumors, is another clinically relevant mechanism of resistance to microtubule-targeting anticancer agents. It has been correlated with significantly lower response to docetaxel-based chemotherapy in a number of cancers and is considered an indicator of resistance to paclitaxel and vinorelbine. We will present preclinical data showing that our compounds have similar activity against cells showing normal levels and those highly overexpressing β-III tubulin. The compounds display good in vitro physicochemical properties as well as favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics. In addition, we will present in vivo tolerability and efficacy data in mice. The ability of this class of tubulin inhibitors to maintain their efficacy across multiple drug-resistant cancer cell lines makes them attractive candidates for development as chemotherapy agents. In particular, a new anticancer agent that is less susceptible to major transporters and retains its potency when β-III tubulin is overexpressed could lead to more effective precision second-line therapy. Citation Format: Mohan Sivaraja, Sivan Sizikov, Nilantha Sirisoma, Tamari Kirtadze, Madhuri Chattopadhyay, Makena Ewald, Subhadra Dash, Anne Wong, Georg Neckermann, Elaine To, Stephanie Chang, Timothy P. Shiau, David C. Williams, Kevin M. Short, Angels Estiarte, Anirban Datta, David B. Kita. Potent cell cycle inhibitors suitable for treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4851.
- Published
- 2018
36. An annotated checklist of the birds of the upper Siang region, Arunachal Pradesh, India
- Author
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Vivek Ramachandran, Anirban Datta-Roy, and Karthik Teegalapalli
- Subjects
Fishery ,Shifting cultivation ,Geography ,Migratory waterfowl ,Threatened species ,Biodiversity ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Checklist ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
We present the most comprehensive list of birds for the upper Siang region based on surveys and opportunistic observations from 2010 to 2016. Of the 252 species recorded for this region, we report 66 for the first time, including six globally threatened species. The presence of migratory waterfowl indicates the importance of the Siang Valley as a migratory route. We also emphasise the importance of mixed-use shifting cultivation landscapes outside protected areas in sustaining bird diversity. Further focused surveys in remote parts of this landscape are required to fully understand the biodiversity significance of this region in the face of emerging large-scale threats.
- Published
- 2018
37. Involvement of RhoA, ROCK I and myosin II in inverted orientation of epithelial polarity
- Author
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Mirjam M. P. Zegers, Qi-Wen Fan, David M. Bryant, William A. Weiss, Dennis J. Eastburn, Annette M. Shewan, Keith E. Mostov, Wei Yu, Paul Brakeman, and Anirban Datta
- Subjects
RHOA ,Blotting, Western ,Scientific Report ,Biology ,Transfection ,Biochemistry ,Cell Line ,Extracellular matrix ,Small hairpin RNA ,Cell polarity ,Myosin ,Genetics ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Molecular Biology ,Rho-associated protein kinase ,Epithelial polarity ,Myosin Type II ,rho-Associated Kinases ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Cell Polarity ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell biology ,Cell culture ,biology.protein ,rhoA GTP-Binding Protein - Abstract
In multicellular epithelial tissues, the orientation of polarity of each cell must be coordinated. Previously, we reported that for Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in three-dimensional collagen gel culture, blockade of beta1-integrin by the AIIB2 antibody or expression of dominant-negative Rac1N17 led to an inversion of polarity, such that the apical surfaces of the cells were misorientated towards the extracellular matrix. Here, we show that this process results from the activation of RhoA. Knockdown of RhoA by short hairpin RNA reverses the inverted orientation of polarity, resulting in normal cysts. Inhibition of RhoA downstream effectors, Rho kinase (ROCK I) and myosin II, has similar effects. We conclude that the RhoA-ROCK I-myosin II pathway controls the inversion of orientation of epithelial polarity caused by AIIB2 or Rac1N17. These results might be relevant to the hyperactivation of RhoA and disruption of normal polarity frequently observed in human epithelial cancers.
- Published
- 2008
38. Polarity proteins PAR6 and aPKC regulate cell death through GSK-3β in 3D epithelial morphogenesis
- Author
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Minji Kim, Paul Brakeman, Wei Yu, Anirban Datta, and Keith E. Mostov
- Subjects
Programmed cell death ,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ,Morphogenesis ,Cell Polarity ,Gene Expression ,Apoptosis ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,Cell Line ,Cell biology ,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ,Dogs ,GSK-3 ,Cell culture ,Caspases ,Cell polarity ,Animals ,Ectopic expression ,GSK3B ,Protein Kinase C ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - Abstract
Epithelial cells are polarized, with an apical surface facing a lumen or outer surface and a basolateral surface facing other cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Hallmarks of epithelial carcinogenesis include loss of polarity, as well as uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Are these features controlled by a common molecular mechanism? The partitioning-defective 3 (PAR3)-PAR6-atypical PKC (aPKC) complex is a master regulator that controls polarization in many animal cells. Here we show that PAR6 is involved in apoptosis by regulating aPKC and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) activity. During epithelial morphogenesis in 3D culture of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, expression of an N-terminally deleted PAR6 (PAR6DeltaN) leads to a significant increase in caspase-dependent cell death by downregulating aPKC activity. Accordingly, inhibition of aPKC in wild-type (WT) MDCK cells with either a cell-permeable PKCzeta pseudosubstrate or RNAi promotes apoptosis, which suggests that PAR6 regulates apoptosis via an aPKC-mediated pathway. GSK-3beta, a substrate of aPKC, is hyper-activated by expressing PAR6DeltaN. GSK-3beta inhibitors block PAR6DeltaN-induced apoptosis while expression of constitutively active GSK-3beta (S9A) promotes apoptosis, which is rescued by ectopic expression of aPKC. We conclude that a PAR6-aPKC-GSK-3beta mechanism links cell polarity and apoptosis.
- Published
- 2007
39. Phosphorylation of β3 Integrin Controls Ligand Binding Strength
- Author
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David Boettiger, Anirban Datta, and Francois Huber
- Subjects
Integrin ,Alpha (ethology) ,Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ,Ligands ,Biochemistry ,Substrate Specificity ,Antigens, CD ,Cell Adhesion ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,Cell adhesion ,Beta (finance) ,Molecular Biology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Kinase ,Integrin beta3 ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,Fibronectins ,Cell biology ,src-Family Kinases ,Integrin alpha M ,biology.protein ,Integrin, beta 6 ,Protein Binding - Abstract
The cytoplasmic domain of beta(3) integrin contains tyrosines at positions 747 and 759 in domains that have been implicated in regulation of alpha(v)beta(3) function and that serve as potential substrates for Src family kinases. The phosphorylation level of beta(3) integrin was modulated using a temperature-sensitive v-Src kinase. Increased beta(3) phosphorylation abolished alpha(v)beta(3)- but not alpha(5)beta(1)-mediated adhesion to fibronectin. alpha(v)beta(3)-Mediated cell adhesion was restored by the expression of beta(3) containing Y747F or Y759F mutations but not by wild type beta(3) integrin. Thus, phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of beta(3) is a negative regulator of alpha(v)beta(3)-fibronectin binding strength.
- Published
- 2002
40. Host Cell Polarity Proteins Participate in Innate Immunity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
- Author
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Travis R. Ruch, David M. Bryant, Arlinet Kierbel, Ross J. Metzger, Anirban Datta, Keith E. Mostov, Torsten Wittmann, Cindy S. Tran, Joanne N. Engel, Yoni Eran, and Paul Brakeman
- Subjects
rac1 GTP-Binding Protein ,Cancer Research ,Cystic Fibrosis ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Innate ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,polarity ,Aetiology ,Lung ,Epithelial polarity ,NF-kappa B ,Cell Polarity ,Cell biology ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medical Microbiology ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Infection ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Otras Ciencias Biológicas ,Immunology ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,RAC1 ,Flagellum ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Article ,Cell Line ,Vaccine Related ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Rare Diseases ,Immune system ,Biodefense ,Immunology and Microbiology(all) ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Pseudomonas Infections ,Secretion ,Molecular Biology ,Polarity (international relations) ,Innate immune system ,Prevention ,Immunity ,epithelia ,Epithelial Cells ,Pneumonia ,Immunity, Innate ,Epithelium ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,native immunity ,Carrier Proteins - Abstract
The mucosal epithelium consists of polarized cells with distinct apical and basolateral membranes that serve as functional and physical barriers to external pathogens. The apical surface of the epithelium constitutes the first point of contact between mucosal pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and their host. We observed that binding of P. aeruginosa aggregates to the apical surface of polarized cells led to the striking formation of an actin-rich membrane protrusion with inverted polarity, containing basolateral lipids and membrane components. Such protrusions were associated with a spatially localized host immune response to P. aeruginosa aggregates that required bacterial flagella and a type III secretion system apparatus. Host protrusions formed de novo underneath bacterial aggregates and involved the apical recruitment of a Par3/Par6α/aPKC/Rac1 signaling module for a robust, spatially localized host NF-κB response. Our data reveal a role for spatiotemporal epithelial polarity changes in the activation of innate immune responses. Fil: Tran, Cindy S.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Eran, Yonatan. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Ruch, Travis. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Bryant, David. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Datta, Aniriban. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Brakeman, Paul. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Kierbel, Arlinet Verónica. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; Uruguay. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; Argentina Fil: Wittman, Torsten. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Metzger, Ross. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Mostov, Keith. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Engel, Joanne. University of California; Estados Unidos
- Published
- 2014
41. A Novel Fault Detection and Replacement Scheme in WSN
- Author
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Sonalisa Pal, Anirban Datta, Tuhina Samanta, Soujanya Chatterjee, and Indrajit Banerjee
- Subjects
Scheme (programming language) ,Exploit ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Sensor node ,Node (networking) ,Energy density ,business ,computer ,Wireless sensor network ,Fault detection and isolation ,Computer network ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of nodes, which are limited in energy content and interact with each other to complete a job assigned to them. Performance of WSN may degrade because of faulty nodes present in the network. The strategy in the paper discusses about a fault detection technique, which depends upon three components of the node. The strategy exploits a node to the fullest extent possible before declaring it as faulty. Moreover the faulty-node replacement technique replaces a faulty node with a healthy node,based on a regression plain model. Optimal use of sensor node is done by reallocation of jobs of the faulty nodesto the active nodes.
- Published
- 2014
42. Transformation of Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts by v-src Uncouples β1 Integrin-Mediated Outside-in but Not Inside-out Signaling
- Author
-
Anirban Datta, Qi Shi, and David E. Boettiger
- Subjects
Time Factors ,Integrin ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Chick Embryo ,Culture Media, Serum-Free ,Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) ,Extracellular matrix ,Receptors, Fibronectin ,Cell Movement ,Cell Adhesion ,Animals ,Humans ,Hyaluronic Acid ,Phosphorylation ,Cell adhesion ,Cell Growth and Development ,Molecular Biology ,Cells, Cultured ,biology ,Cell adhesion molecule ,Integrin beta1 ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Adhesion ,Fibroblasts ,Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,Fibronectins ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Cell biology ,Fibronectin ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,Cross-Linking Reagents ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ,Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,v-Src ,biology.protein ,Signal transduction ,Cell Division ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix is mediated by integrin family receptors. The process of receptor-ligand binding is dependent on metabolic energy and is regulated by intracellular signals, termed inside-out signals. The strength of the initial alpha5beta1-mediated adhesion of v-src-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts (v-srcCEF) was similar to that of normal CEF. A chemically cross-linked fibronectin substrate was able to restore cell spreading and the ability of v-srcCEF to assemble a fibronectin matrix. Over time, v-srcCEF showed decreased adhesion due to the reduction of alpha5beta1-fibronectin bonds consequent on the reduction of substrate-bound fibronectin due to the secretion of proteases by v-srcCEF. Excess synthesis of hyaluronic acid by v-srcCEF also reduced the alpha5beta1-fibronectin bonds and contributed to cell detachment at later times in culture. Thus, the adhesion defects were not due to a failure of alpha5beta1 function and adhesion of the v-srcCEF was alpha5beta1 dependent. Integrin-mediated adhesion also produces signals that affect cell proliferation and cell differentiation. An early consequence of these "outside-in" signals was the phosphorylation of FAK Y397 in direct proportion to the number of alpha5beta1-fibronectin bonds formed. In contrast, v-srcCEF had an increased level of phosphorylation on five different tyrosines in FAK, and none of these phosphorylation levels were sensitive to the number of alpha5beta1-fibronectin bonds. In the absence of serum, CEF proliferation was sensitive to changes in alpha5beta1-mediated adhesion levels. Transformation by v-src increased the serum-free proliferation rate and made it insensitive to alpha5beta1-mediated adhesion. Thus, the v-srcCEF were insensitive to the normal outside-in signals from alpha5beta1 integrin.
- Published
- 2001
43. Novel Class of Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Prevent Thrombosis By Inhibiting Fibrinogen Cleavage While Preserving Platelet Function
- Author
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Kevin Michael Short, Timothy Shiau, Daniel M. Clemens, Angels Estiarte, Sivan Sizikov, Subhadra Dash, David Ben Kita, David J. Williams, Chengpei Xu, Mohan Sivaraja, Kenneth Lin, Anirban Datta, Lev Igoudin, and Nichole Sandoval
- Subjects
Labour economics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunology ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,Fibrinogen ,Biochemistry ,Corporation ,Argatroban ,Surgery ,Thrombin ,Direct thrombin inhibitor ,medicine ,Platelet ,Business ,Platelet activation ,medicine.drug ,Discovery and development of direct thrombin inhibitors - Abstract
We have developed a new class of direct thrombin inhibitors (VE-DTIs) that act through reversible covalent enzyme inhibition. These compounds inhibit thrombin with high potency (IC50 < 10 nM) and with better than 100× selectivity against related serine proteases. In rodents, VE-DTIs show dose-dependent efficacy in preventing arterial and venous thromboses respectively in arteriovenous shunt thrombosis and venous stasis thrombosis models. They also prevent thrombin-induced pulmonary embolism in rodents. Despite their strong anticoagulation properties, VE-DTIs are associated with significantly lower bleeding times than other approved anticoagulants dabigatran, argatroban or apixaban in rodent bleeding models (tail bleeding time and saphenous vein bleeding time). We compared the effect of VE-DTIs and the DTIs argatroban and dabigatran on the coagulation cascade. In vitro, VE-DTIs inhibited thrombin-mediated fibrinogen cleavage with similar potency. Inhibition of thrombin/thrombomodulin complex-mediated activation of TAFI and protein C by VE-DTIs were also comparable. In contrast, VE-DTIs were more than 1000-fold less potent in inhibiting thrombin-mediated platelet activation than the other DTIs. Additionally, and also in contrast to argatroban and dabigatran, VE-DTIs protect rodents from the effects of thrombin-induced pulmonary embolism without significantly inhibiting platelet activation. The ability of VE-DTIs to prevent thrombosis without significantly impacting platelet function could lead to a new anticoagulant therapy with lower bleeding risk. Disclosures Sivaraja: Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sizikov:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sandoval:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lin:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Igoudin:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Dash:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Xu:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Clemens:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Estiarte:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Shiau:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Short:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Williams:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Datta:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kita:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership.
- Published
- 2016
44. Mobile Embedded System for Advanced Weather Forecasting in Rural Area
- Author
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Soujanya Chatterjee, Anirban Datta, Soumyajyoti Banerjee, Singhi, Ashish, Mishra, Vivek Kr., and Prasun Ghosal
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Regulation of intrahepatic biliary duct morphogenesis by Claudin 15-like b
- Author
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Michel Bagnat, Kimberley J. Evason, Cecilia B. Moens, John C. Moore, Anirban Datta, Keith E. Mostov, Taylur P. Ma, Nathan D. Lawson, Didier Y.R. Stainier, and Isla D. Cheung
- Subjects
Cellular differentiation ,Morphogenesis ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Biology ,Article ,Cell Line ,Tight Junctions ,Dogs ,Cholestasis ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,Cell polarity ,medicine ,Animals ,Claudin ,Molecular Biology ,In Situ Hybridization ,Zebrafish ,Epithelial polarity ,Tight junction ,Cell Polarity ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,Anatomy ,Zebrafish Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ,Larva ,Claudins ,Mutation ,Hepatocytes ,Duct (anatomy) ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The intrahepatic biliary ducts transport bile produced by the hepatocytes out of the liver. Defects in biliary cell differentiation and biliary duct remodeling cause a variety of congenital diseases including Alagille Syndrome and polycystic liver disease. While the molecular pathways regulating biliary cell differentiation have received increasing attention (Lemaigre, 2010), less is known about the cellular behavior underlying biliary duct remodeling. Here, we have identified a novel gene, claudin 15-like b (cldn15lb), which exhibits a unique and dynamic expression pattern in the hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells in zebrafish. Claudins are tight junction proteins that have been implicated in maintaining epithelial polarity, regulating paracellular transport, and providing barrier function. In zebrafish cldn15lb mutant livers, tight junctions are observed between hepatocytes, but these cells show polarization defects as well as canalicular malformations. Furthermore, cldn15lb mutants show abnormalities in biliary duct morphogenesis whereby biliary epithelial cells remain clustered together and form a disorganized network. Our data suggest that Cldn15lb plays an important role in the remodeling process during biliary duct morphogenesis. Thus, cldn15lb mutants provide a novel in vivo model to study the role of tight junction proteins in the remodeling of the biliary network and hereditary cholestasis.
- Published
- 2011
46. Pseudomonas aeruginosa interacts with epithelial cells rapidly forming aggregates that are internalized by a Lyn-dependent mechanism
- Author
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Paola, Lepanto, David M, Bryant, Jéssica, Rossello, Anirban, Datta, Keith E, Mostov, and Arlinet, Kierbel
- Subjects
Microscopy, Electron ,Dogs ,Time Factors ,src-Family Kinases ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Animals ,Epithelial Cells ,Endocytosis ,Article ,Cell Line - Abstract
Growing evidence is pointing to the importance of multicellular bacterial structures in the interaction of pathogenic bacteria with their host. Transition from planktonic to host cell-associated multicellular structures is an essential infection step that has not been described for the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study we show that P. aeruginosa interacts with the surface of epithelial cells mainly forming aggregates. Dynamics of aggregate formation typically follow a sigmoidal curve. First, a single bacterium attaches at cell–cell junctions. This is followed by rapid recruitment of free-swimming bacteria and association of bacterial cells resulting in the formation of an aggregate on the order of minutes. Aggregates are associated with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3)- enriched host cell membrane protrusions. We further show that aggregates can be rapidly internalized into epithelial cells. Lyn, a member of the Src family tyrosine kinases previously implicated in P. aeruginosa infection, mediates both PIP3- enriched protrusion formation and aggregate internalization. Our results establish the first framework of principles that define P. aeruginosa transition to multicellular structures during interaction with host cells.
- Published
- 2011
47. Rab GTPase–Myo5B complexes control membrane recycling and epithelial polarization
- Author
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David M. Bryant, Joseph T. Roland, Anirban Datta, Aymelt Itzen, James R. Goldenring, and Keith E. Mostov
- Subjects
Myosin Type V ,GTPase ,Biology ,Cell Line ,Mice ,Dogs ,Two-Hybrid System Techniques ,Cell polarity ,Myosin ,Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ,Animals ,Humans ,Transport Vesicles ,DNA Primers ,Multidisciplinary ,Membranes ,Myosin Heavy Chains ,Effector ,Vesicle ,Transferrin ,Cell Polarity ,Epithelial Cells ,Apical membrane ,Biological Sciences ,Immunohistochemistry ,Transport protein ,Cell biology ,Protein Transport ,Mutagenesis ,rab GTP-Binding Proteins ,Multiprotein Complexes ,RNA Interference ,Rab - Abstract
The Rab GTPases are the largest family of proteins regulating membrane traffic. Rab proteins form a nidus for the assembly of multiprotein complexes on distinct vesicle membranes to regulate particular membrane trafficking pathways. Recent investigations have demonstrated that Myosin Vb (Myo5B) is an effector for Rab8a, Rab10, and Rab11a, all of which are implicated in regulating different pathways for recycling of proteins to the plasma membrane. It remains unclear how specific interactions of Myo5B with individual Rab proteins can lead to specificity in the regulation of alternate trafficking pathways. We examined the relative contributions of Rab/Myo5B interactions with specific pathways using Myo5B mutants lacking binding to either Rab11a or Rab8a. Myo5B Q1300L and Y1307C mutations abolished Rab8a association, whereas Myo5B Y1714E and Q1748R mutations uncoupled association with Rab11a. Expression of Myo5B tails containing these mutants demonstrated that Rab11a, but not Rab8a, was required for recycling of transferrin in nonpolarized cells. In contrast, in polarized epithelial cyst cultures, Myo5B was required for apical membrane trafficking and de novo lumen formation, dependent on association with both Rab8a and Rab11a. These data demonstrate that different combinations of Rab GTPase association with Myo5B control distinct membrane trafficking pathways.
- Published
- 2011
48. The Cdc42 GEF Intersectin 2 controls mitotic spindle orientation to form the lumen during epithelial morphogenesis
- Author
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Dennis J. Eastburn, Silvia Vergarajauregui, Miguel A. Alonso, Anirban Datta, Keith E. Mostov, Alejo E. Rodriguez-Fraticelli, Fernando Martín-Belmonte, Human Frontier Science Program, European Commission, National Institutes of Health (US), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and Fundación Ramón Areces
- Subjects
Cells ,Lumen (anatomy) ,GTPase ,CDC42 ,Spindle Apparatus ,Biology ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dogs ,Tubulin ,Cell polarity ,Morphogenesis ,Animals ,Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ,Cdc42 ,cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ,Research Articles ,Cells, Cultured ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Cultured ,GTPases ,Cell Cycle ,Adaptor Proteins ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,epithelial cells ,3. Good health ,Cell biology ,Spindle apparatus ,Vesicular Transport ,Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ,Cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ,development ,RNA Interference ,Guanine nucleotide exchange factor ,Intersectin 2 ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Epithelial organs are made of tubes and cavities lined by a monolayer of polarized cells that enclose the central lumen. Lumen formation is a crucial step in the formation of epithelial organs. The Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Cdc42, which is a master regulator of cell polarity, regulates the formation of the central lumen in epithelial morphogenesis. However, how Cdc42 is regulated during this process is still poorly understood. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) control the activation of small GTPases. Using the three-dimensional Madin–Darby canine kidney model, we have identified a Cdc42-specific GEF, Intersectin 2 (ITSN2), which localizes to the centrosomes and regulates Cdc42 activation during epithelial morphogenesis. Silencing of either Cdc42 or ITSN2 disrupts the correct orientation of the mitotic spindle and normal lumen formation, suggesting a direct relationship between these processes. Furthermore, we demonstrated this direct relationship using LGN, a component of the machinery for mitotic spindle positioning, whose disruption also results in lumen formation defects., This work was supported by grants from the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP-CDA 00011/2009) and Marie Curie (IRG-209382) to F. Martín- Belmonte, National Institutes of Health grants (R01 DK067153 and R01 DK074398) to K. Mostov, and grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación to F. Martín-Belmonte (BFU2008-01916) and M.A. Alonso (BFU2006- 01925) and to F. Martín-Belmonte and M.A. Alonso (CONSOLIDER CSD2009-00016). An institutional grant from the Fundación Ramón Areces to the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa is also acknowledged.
- Published
- 2010
49. A molecular network for de novo generation of the apical surface and lumen
- Author
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Anirban Datta, Keith E. Mostov, Fernando Martín-Belmonte, David M. Bryant, Alejo E. Rodriguez-Fraticelli, Johan Peränen, Susan G. Komen Foundation, Federal Government of the United States, National Institutes of Health (US), Human Frontier Science Program, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and European Commission
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,education ,Exocyst ,Cell Biology ,Apical membrane ,Biology ,Exocytosis ,Article ,3. Good health ,Cell biology ,Vesicular transport protein ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ,Cell polarity ,Lumen ,Rab ,Epithelial organs cells ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology ,Lumen (unit) - Abstract
To form epithelial organs cells must polarize and generate de novo an apical domain and lumen. Epithelial polarization is regulated by polarity complexes that are hypothesized to direct downstream events, such as polarized membrane traffic, although this interconnection is not well understood. We have found that Rab11a regulates apical traffic and lumen formation through the Rab guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), Rabin8, and its target, Rab8a. Rab8a and Rab11a function through the exocyst to target Par3 to the apical surface, and control apical Cdc42 activation through the Cdc42 GEF, Tuba. These components assemble at a transient apical membrane initiation site to form the lumen. This Rab11a-directed network directs Cdc42-dependent apical exocytosis during lumen formation, revealing an interaction between the machineries of vesicular transport and polarization., Supported by a Susan G Komen Foundation Fellowship (D.M.B.), a DOD Breast Cancer Concept Award (A.D.), NIH grants R01DK074398, R01AI25144 and P01AI53194 (K.E.M.), grants of the Human Frontiers Science Program (HFSP-CDA00011/2009), Marie Curie (IRG-209382), MICINN (BFU2008-01916) and (CONSOLIDER CSD2009-00016) to F.M.-B.; and a JAE fellowship (MICINN) to A.E.R.F.
- Published
- 2010
50. Rac1 is required for reorientation of polarity and lumen formation through a PI 3-kinase-dependent pathway
- Author
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Anirban Datta, Keith E. Mostov, Paul Brakeman, Kathleen D. Liu, Wei Yu, Tzuu-Shuh Jou, and Michael A. Matthay
- Subjects
rac1 GTP-Binding Protein ,Physiology ,Cytological Techniques ,RAC1 ,Biology ,Kidney ,Cell Line ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Dogs ,Cell polarity ,Animals ,Polarite ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Protein kinase C ,Protein Kinase C ,Genes, Dominant ,Phosphoinositide 3-kinase ,Kinase ,Cysts ,Cell Polarity ,Membrane Proteins ,Intracellular Membranes ,Cell biology ,Extracellular Matrix ,Enzyme Activation ,Cell culture ,biology.protein ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Biomarkers ,Lumen (unit) ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Epithelial cells are characterized by the ability to form sheets of cells that surround fluid-filled lumens. Cells in these sheets exhibit a characteristic subcellular polarity, with an apical pole that faces the lumen and a basolateral pole that is in contact with other cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). To investigate the signaling events required for polarization and lumen formation, we have taken advantage of the ability of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to dynamically remodel their polarity in response to changes in ECM cues. When MDCK cells are grown in suspension culture, they form multicellular “inside-out” cysts with apical proteins found on the peripheral surface and basolateral markers on the interior surface. When these inside-out cysts are embedded in ECM, they rapidly reorient their polarity: apical proteins become localized to the inside surface, and basolateral proteins are found on the surface that contacts ECM. Here we have characterized the signaling requirements for these early molecular reorientation events. Specifically, expression of a dominant-negative form of Rac1 (DN-Rac1) blocks the reorientation of polarity. Phosphoinositide 3′-kinase is required for apical membrane protein remodeling from the initial apical membrane surface. Cells expressing DN-Rac1 fail to detectably activate the PI 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Last, we found that atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is also required for reorientation of polarity, since an inhibitor of atypical PKC blocks reorientation. This effect cannot be overcome by constitutively active Rac1, demonstrating that both Rac1 and atypical PKC are required for reorientation of cellular polarity.
- Published
- 2007
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