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The Teulisna pallida (Moore, 1878) species-group is erected and reviewed. Two new species are described: Teulisna ganesha sp. n. (Nepal) and Teulisna thomasi sp. n. (Northeast India: Sikkim). Two new combinations are established: Teulisna pallida (Moore, 1878), comb. n. and Teulisna quadrisignata (Moore, 1878), comb. n. A new synonymy is introduced: Teulisna quadrisignata = Cossa brunnea Moore, 1878, syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for Cossa quadrisignata Moore, 1878 and Cossa brunnea Moore, 1878. Adults, male and female genitalia are illustrated.

The lacertid Latastia ornata was known to date only by its holotype collected in 1938 in Bafatá, central Guinea-Bissau. We report new specimens and localities from Guinea-Conakry, a new country record and major range extension of 700 km SE of the type-locality. We provide an updated diagnosis of the species, including the first genetic and osteological data, and confirm that Latastia ornata is closely related to, but distinct from, L. longicaudata based on external morphology, cranial osteology, DNA data and zoogeography.

We describe a new species of Lepidodactylus from Umboi Island, just to the west of New Britain. It is a member of the Lepidodactylus guppyi Group and can be distinguished from all other Melanesian Lepidodactylus by aspects of digital scalation, digital webbing, enlarged femoral/precloacal scales, and color pattern. It is genetically distinct from its closest congeners, and genetic and morphological data indicate that the new species is most similar among named species to Lepidodactylus guppyi from the Solomon Islands, but it diverged from this species and other close relatives approximately 8 MYA or longer at a time prior to the existence of the island that it now occupies. The new species is known from only three individuals collected on a single tree, and efforts to find more animals in what seemed good habitat nearby were unsuccessful. This duplicates the pattern of apparent rarity seen for many Lepidodactylus species. Sufficient habitat exists on Umboi Island for arboreal geckos, suggesting that the species is not actually endangered but is ecologically cryptic. However, lack of needed information leads us to assess this species’ conservation status as Data Deficient.

Indian species of the ant-eating spider genera Asceua Thorell, 1887, Cydrela Thorell, 1873 and Euryeidon Dankittipakul & Jocqué, 2004 are reviewed. The species Asceua cingulata (Simon, 1905) is redescribed and illustrated based on type and freshly collected material and a new species, A. thrippalurense sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on both sexes. All the Indian Cydrela species are transferred back to the genus Capheris Simon, 1893 under which these were originally placed. The species Capheris escheri Reimoser, 1934 comb. rest. and Caph. stillata Simon, 1905 comb. rest. are redescribed and illustrated, the former based on its type specimen, while the latter based on freshly collected material. The species Capheris nitidiceps Simon, 1905 comb. rest. is considered as a nomen dubium due to the immature stage of the holotype. The two Indian species of Euryeidon are transferred to the genus Laminion Sankaran, Caleb & Sebastian, 2020 due to generic similarities. The distribution of all these species is mapped.

The type specimens of the subclass Elasmobranchii deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo are compiled in an annotated list, including updated measurements, verified collection data and recent photographs of holotypes and selected paratypes. Relevant information on the preservation condition of the specimens and their current taxonomic status are also provided. The collection holds a total of 135 lots of type specimens of elasmobranchs, three holotypes and seven paratypes in the division Selachii plus 16 holotypes, one neotype, and 108 paratypes in the division Batoidea (total specimen count: 137). Four paratypes were not located and one was donated to another institution, and publication mistakes in catalog numbers and locality assignments are corrected. The vast majority of specimens belong to the neotropical freshwater stingrays (subfamily Potamotrygoninae). The present catalogue intends to facilitate taxonomic research by providing access to updated information on type specimens of mostly large-sized taxa, which are notoriously difficult or impossible to examine outside of their home institution.

Three new species of Eupogonius LeConte, 1852 (Desmiphorini) are described from Mexico: E. rifkindi sp. nov., from Colima and E. martinezi sp. nov. and E. pulcher sp. nov., from Nayarit. A new country record is provided for Eupogonius piperitus (Bates, 1885) and new country (Belize) and state (Mexico, Oaxaca) records are provided for Drycothaea spreta Bates, 1885 (Calliini). The differences between D. spreta and D. turrialbae (Breuning, 1943) are discussed. Additional new distribution records are presented for Canidia ochreostictica (Dillon, 1956) and Stenolis multimacula Monné, 2011 (Acanthocinini). In a recent paper by us, the repository acronyms listed under materials and methods do not match the repository acronym listed for the new species, the type repository for those four new species is clarified herein.

The knowledge of palpigrades in Cuba is limited to the species Eukoenenia orghidani, discovered and described from Cueva de Bellamar. In this work, a survey for palpigrades in the suburbs of La Habana, Cuba revealed three species, Eukoenenia berlesei, Eukoenenia florenciae and a new species described here as Eukoenenia glandulosa sp. nov. Interestingly, the three species coexist in the microspaces of wet soil. A total of 16 arthropod species were identified living in the same microhabitat as the palpigrades.

The Afrotropical genus Meganaclia Aurivillius, 1892 is revised, five new species M. smithi sp. n., M. grehani sp. n., M. josephi sp. n., M. johannae sp. n. and M. gaerberfesti sp. n. are described with a key for identification of species based on male genitalia structures. Habitus and genitalia of all taxa are illustrated and a distribution map is provided.

The two species previously included in the genus Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982 were studied. The life history of the sole currently included species, Hayesiana triopus (Westwood, 1847) is illustrated in colour for the first time. Field records of Hayesiana triopus and Dahira farintaenia (Zhu & Wang, 1997) (previously Hayesiana farintaenia) are given, with the first description of the female genitalia of the latter. The diagnostic features and DNA barcoding data of Hayesiana triopus and Dahira farintaenia are also discussed.

Basing on the external morphological characters, an isolated population of the Arctic Apollo, Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae), from the Arga-Tas Range mountains (North-Eastern Yakutia, Russia) is described here as a new subspecies, Parnassius arcticus shavlovi Yakovlev & Bakhaev, subsp. nov.

This work presents an inventory of the Polyplacophora species registered in December 2019 in the intertidal environment of 10 sampling sites of the Northern Gulf of California, México. Fifteen species were obtained from a total of 33 species previously reported throughout the Gulf. Acanthochitona avicula, Ischnochiton guatemalensis, Lepidozona serrata, and Dendrochiton lirulatus are rare with only 1 to 3 specimens recorded of each species. Stenoplax mariposa and Lepidozona subtilis were the most abundant with 162 and 284 specimens, respectively. Acanthochitona avicula, I. guatemalensis, Lepidozona serrata, and Lepidochitona beanii are rare and each was only recorded at one sampling site. For a better recognition of these species, we provide a dichotomous identification key, which is complemented with high-resolution photographs and images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, habitat data and taxonomic comments are included to facilitate a better understanding of the habitat preferences, relationships and current taxonomic position of these species.

A new species of Ampulicomorpha Ashmead, A. minima sp. nov., is described from Madagascar, Toliara Province. The female holotype is compared with the known females of all other Afrotropical species of the same genus. A new key to them is presented, together with the first complete multifocal illustration of the females of all Afrotropical species of Ampulicomorpha.

In the present paper the genus Ducetia Stål 1874 in India is reviewed. The diagnostic characters for two new species of Ducetia Stål 1874, D. assamica sp. nov. from North-East India and D. rohinii sp. nov. from Western Ghats are described. The two species are part of Ducetia japonica species complex. Further information on the distribution and ecology of species is given. A key to studied species of Ducetia is presented. While morphologically similar, D. assamica and D. rohinii show distinct differences in their call structures. Our work demonstrates the importance of acoustic signals in taxonomic studies.

We examined the morphology, colour patterns and genetic relationships of Nososticta populations allied to N. salomonis (Selys) from across Melanesia. Seven species-level taxa are recognised in the N. salomonis ‘complex’: N. africana (Schmidt), N. boonei sp. nov., N. chrismulleri Theischinger & Richards, N. hedigeri sp. nov., N. salomonis (Selys), N. stueberi sp. nov., and N. tagula sp. nov. All of these species are black damselflies with blue markings, and they differ from all other Nososticta by having: 1) a prominent spike on the male superior appendage, 2) a prominent angular base of the male inferior appendage, and 3) a complex posterior lobe on the female pronotum bearing two pairs of processes in the rough shape of a chair when viewed laterally. A molecular phylogeny based on the DNA barcode fragment of the COI gene plus two nuclear genes indicates that these seven species are closely related, but more extensive sampling of Nososticta species is required to confirm that they form a monophyletic group.

The life cycle of Andricus truncicolus (Giraud, 1869), a species previously known only from its asexual generation, is closed. Laboratory rearing and field sampling have revealed the sexual generation of this species, which develops in a hypertrophic degeneration of the terminal or lateral shoot buds appearing as a muddled agglomerate of leaves on Quercus, section Cerris oaks. We describe for the first time the newly discovered sexual generation of A. truncicolus and provide illustrations and diagnosis for adults and galls of both generations, further observations on biology and information on the species distribution.

The genus Miniopterus is highly diverse in cryptic species. Based on integrated approaches of morphometrics, echolocation call analysis, and molecular phylogenetics, we present evidence of a hitherto undescribed species, Srini’s Bent-winged bat Miniopterus srinii sp. nov.. The new species, found in the Western Ghats of southern Karnataka, India, closely resembles the Small Bent-winged bat Miniopterus pusillus, found elsewhere in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, India. Although it shows external similarity with Miniopterus pusillus sensu stricto from the Nicobar Islands, the new species is relatively larger and distinct in craniodental measurements and echolocation call parameters, despite slight overlaps. Importantly, Miniopterus srinii exhibits morphological convergence with Miniopterus pusillus as despite similarities in morphologies, there is a significant genetic distance of 10.84 ± 0.22%. The new cryptic species shares distribution with Miniopterus phillipsi and Miniopterus pusillus in the Western Ghats, further highlighting the need to study both the genus’ cryptic diversity, and the region’s conservation importance.

The rock-dwelling cichlids from Lake Malaŵi, known as mbuna, comprise a diverse group of haplochromine fishes that are placed among 14 genera. Within the mbuna, Pseudotropheus is a polyphyletic genus, which has served as a catch-all for many of these fishes. Recently, many of the species-groups within Pseudotropheus have been elevated to separate genera. Herein, we describe an elongate form that was originally placed in the Pseudotropheus elongatus species group but is now described as a member of Metriaclima.

A new mealybug species, Ceroputo liquidambaris Zhang & Watson sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), collected on leaves and branches of Liquidambar formosana (Altingiaceae), is described and illustrated from Jiangxi, China. The new species differs from all other known species of Ceroputo in having dorsal multilocular disc pores. Notes on some aspects of Ceroputo pilosellae Šulc collected in China and a key to the adult females of Ceroputo species are provided.

Sexual dimorphism in Elaphidion scabricolle (Bates, 1872) (Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae, Elaphidiini) is reported and the inclusion of the species in this genus is questioned. Leptostylus bicolor sp. nov. (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini) is described from Panama. Leptostylus pygialis Bates, 1872 is redescribed based on a female with an elytral pubescent pattern different from that of the lectotype; the sex of the lectotype, originally reported as female is commented on. Notes are provided on Lophopoeum saronotum Bates, 1872 (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini). Distenia (Basisvallis) phaeocera Bates, 1880 (Disteniidae) is recorded from Panama and Drycothaea sallei Thomson, 1868 (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Calliini) is recorded from Mexico (Chiapas) and Honduras.

Argia koroivarum sp. nov. (BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional Serra da Canastra, 9.iv.2019, (-20.2323, -46.6084, 1306m asl), D.S. Vilela, R. Guillermo, R. Koroiva leg., Laboratory of Ecological Studies on Ethology and Evolution (LESTES), Uberaba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) is described, illustrated, and diagnosed based on specimens collected in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from its congeners by the morphology of male ligula, dorsal branch of paraproct, and of female mesostigmal lobes.

The linyphiid spider Dietrichia hesperia was described from California in 1933 by Crosby and Bishop. The genus was renamed to Neodietrichia in 2008 by Özdikmen since Dietrichia was already occupied by a fossil bivalve. Until now, this rarely collected arboreal spider was the sole member of Neodietrichia. Herein we revise the genus by redescribing Neodietrichia hesperia (Crosby and Bishop, 1933), transferring Lophomma depressum (Emerton, 1882) to Neodietrichia as Neodietrichia depressum n. comb., and provide the first description of the female of this species.

Barbus urmianus, from the upper Mahabad River in Lake Urmia basin, was distinguished from B. cyri based on several morphological characters. Our analysis demonstrated very small molecular (COI) differences between both species and mostly overlapping or identic morphological character states. Therefore, Barbus urmianus is treated as a junior synonym of B. cyri.

The synapomorphic character of the genus Acarnus Gray, 1867 is the presence of the cladotylote spicule. Acarnus has 27 valid species worldwide, including five species reported from the Brazilian coast: A. innominatus Gray, 1867, A. nicoleae van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991, A. souriei (Lévi, 1952), A. radovani (Boury-Esnault, 1973) and A. toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973. Here we will describe A. microxeatus sp. nov., whose diagnosis is the presence of smooth microxeas and acanthoxeas, new characters for the genus. We also provide a complete characterization of the skeletal architecture and spicule morphology of A. toxeata, with scanning electron microscopy image (SEM) of the spicule set.

This research presents three new species of carnivorous sponges from the family Cladorhizidae from the Great Barrier Reef, in Queensland, Australia: Abyssocladia falkor sp. nov., Abyssocladia jeanvaceleti sp. nov. and Axoniderma wanda sp. nov. They were collected by ROV during the expedition FK200802—Seamounts, Canyons & Reefs of the Coral Sea Cruise on the RV Falkor from the Schmidt Ocean Institute. In addition, the ROV collection of two complete specimens enabled the redescription of two other Australian species of carnivorous sponge (Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins et al., 2020a and Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) maxisigma Ekins et al., 2020a), previously known from the East coast of Australia based on incomplete specimens.

The identity of Capsus bimaculatus Fabricius, 1803 is revised, as well as the varieties described by Berg (1892): Cal. (Par.) bimaculatus typicus, Cal. (Par.) bimaculatus vittatus, and Cal. (Par.) bimaculatus niger. The examination of all the bibliographies treating these names as well their type specimens resulted in the selection of a lectotype for C. bimaculatus, the synonymization of the three varieties described by Berg, selecting Taedia typica (Berg, 1892) as the valid name, and other taxonomic problems traced during the revision process are addressed.

Tomosomus Motschulsky, 1855, an obscure incertae sedis genus of Anthicidae erroneously considered monotypic, was found to be congeneric with the tomoderine genus Holcopyge Champion, 1890. A new genus-rank synonym (Tomosomus Motschulsky = Holcopyge Champion syn. nov.) and two new combinations are proposed for the species hitherto attributed to Holcopyge. Tomosomus subtestaceus Motschulsky, 1855, the type of its genus, is redescribed from rediscovered type material and recently collected specimens. An annotated checklist, key to species and new records of Tomosomus are provided.

Falciconus hispanicus sp. n. and Monoctonus montenegrinus sp. n. are described as new members of the subtribe Monoctonina from Spain and from high mountain habitats of Montenegro, respectively. The main diagnostic characters of the newly described species and their host plant-host aphid associations are discussed.

To date, Obesoconnus Jałoszyński is known to occur in French Guiana, Mexico and Costa Rica. Here, two new species, O. asymmetricus sp. n. and O. pallidus sp. n., are reported to occur in Thailand. Scydmaenine genera showing a similar distribution are discussed, and since the ‘Alloraphes/Stenichnodes group’, to which Obesoconnus belongs, is known to occur in Neotropical, Afrotropical and Oriental regions, it is possible that in the future the genus may be discovered also in tropical Africa.

The Macaronesian species of the muscid genus Helina are revised. The genus is represented in the Canary Islands by 9 species, in Madeira by 7 species, and in the Azores Islands by 1 species. Four species, one divided in two subspecies, are endemic to the Canary Islands: Helina grancanariae sp. nov. (Gran Canaria), H. obscurisquama obscurisquama (Stein) (Tenerife, La Gomera), H. obscurisquama pseudonivalis (Santos Abréu) ssp. rev. (La Palma), H. rufitibialis Hennig (Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma) and H. santosabreui sp. nov. (La Gomera, La Palma). The following three species are endemic to Madeira: Helina atlantica (Tiensuu), H. lundbladi Tiensuu and H. vilissima Hennig. Existing records of Helina almeriensis (Strobl) and H. quadrum (Fabricius) from the Canary Islands are considered as misidentifications. An identification key to males and females concludes the species accounts. Finally, a description is given of the previously unknown male sex of the endemic Madeiran Spilogona maderensis Michelsen.

The Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) is one of the top insect collections in the United States with in excess of eight million curated specimens and significant amounts of materials in bulk collections and other unprocessed samples. The subphylum Myriapoda currently comprises approximately 17,500 species in the four classes Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, and Pauropoda. The FSCA houses type material in the Diplopoda orders Callipodida, Chordeumatida, Glomeridesmida, Julida, Polydesmida, Polyzoniida, Siphonophorida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida. This catalog documents the FSCA primary type material for 74 species in 45 genera in 25 families and nine orders within Diplopoda.

Two new species of soldier beetles of the genus Podistra Motschulsky, 1839 are described from the vicinity of Mount Elbrus, Caucasus: P. (s. str.) elbrusensis sp. nov. and P. (s. str.) davidyani sp. nov. The total number of Podistra known in the Greater Caucasus is thus raised to seventeen. It is noted that, unlike other cantharids, most species of Podistra of the area are flightless and have reduced elytra either in females or in both sexes. Correlation between altitude and elytral length in Podistra, as well as distribution of the genus in the Greater Caucasus is discussed. A key to all species of this mountain range, with illustrations and a distribution map are provided.

A new species, Potamocypris kusuokai sp. nov., is described based on males and females collected from Kitadaitojima, the northern-most of the Daito Islands, part of the Nansei Island archipelago in southwestern Japan. In addition, four other non-marine ostracod species found during sampling of the Daito Islands are reported, and these, together with the new species, are the first non-marine ostracods to be recorded from these remote Pacific islands. Potamocypris sudzukii Okubo, 1992, described from female specimens collected from Okinawa and Kuroshima, also part of the Nansei Islands, is redescribed based on a paratype specimen. This species is transferred to the genus Siamopsis Savatenalinton, 2017, which previously was only known from Thailand, extending the known distribution of the genus eastwards by about 2500 km. Plesiocypridopsis arsenia (Tressler, 1937), from the Philippines, is also transferred to Siamopsis, based on its original description. An overview of the current state of knowledge of non-marine ostracods of the Nansei Islands is provided.

A small collection of chirostyloid squat lobsters was studied, collected from seamounts on the Nishi-Shichito, West Mariana, and Central Mariana ridges, which have been collectively designated as marine protected areas (MPAs) of Japan. Specimens were collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Four species belonging to three families were identified, of which two are new to science: Uroptychus medius n. sp. (Chirostylidae), Eumunida smithii Henderson, 1885, E. treguieri de Saint Laurent & Poupin, 1996 (Eumunididae), and Sternostylus spiniger n. sp. (Sternostylidae). Identities of those species were assessed using an integrative approach based on morphological comparison and genetic analysis of two mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S rRNA genes). The two species of Eumunida represent the first records from Japanese waters.

We describe and illustrate four new subspecies of Papilionoidea butterflies which were collected from Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang province, southern Vietnam between 2006 and 2017. These are papilionid Graphium antiphates matsui T. Saito & Vu subspec. nov.; Nymphalidae: Tanaecia julii duc T. Saito & Vu, subspec. nov.; Cynitia lepidea phuquoca T. Saito & Vu, subspec. nov.; and Bassarona teuta anh T. Saito & Vu, subspec. nov.

Astyloplatum luteolum n. gen. et n. sp., is described, as a new monospecific genus from the eastern slope of the Colombian Andes, of the middle and highlands of the departments of Boyacá and Santander. This new taxon is distinguished by its yellowish coloration and the lack of articulated stylli on the male subgenital plate; this character converges with several taxa unrelated to the tribe Gryllacridini in which Astyloplatum n. gen. is placed. The convergence of characters in gryllacridines, diversity, complement of the current classification, and the importance of the phallic complex for the delimitation of genera and species are discussed.

Hynobius akiensis sensu lato has recently been split into three species based on short sequence analyses of cyt-b gene of mtDNA and without data of nuclear DNA, and strange sympatric distribution in some areas has been indicated in two species. We analyzed nuclear DNA marker (SNPs) and complete sequence of cyt-b in H. akiensis sensu lato to reassess species delimitation and genetic introgression among species. As a result, we found two lineages with discordant mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in some areas. Of H. akiensis sensu lato, each of the two contains the type locality of two species recently reported (H. sumidai and H. geiyoensis), and the use of these names has been previously advocated. However, their sympatric distribution was rejected based on nuclear DNA data, which we consider is more reliable than mtDNA. We thus clarify geographic boundary of these two species and revise the species delimitations.

Tricliona Lefèvre, 1885 n. syn. is a new junior synonym of Bathseba Motschulsky, 1866. Bathseba syzygium n. sp., a pest of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) in south India, is described and illustrated. Bathseba bifasciata (Jacoby, 1895) n. comb. is redescribed and illustrated. Bathseba bengalensis (Jacoby, 1908) n. syn. is synonymized with B. indica (Jacoby, 1900). Cleoporus variegatus Jacoby, 1904 is transferred to Bathseba and Tricliona subdepressa Jacoby, 1908 n. syn. is treated as its synonym. Tricliona foveipennis Bryant, 1950 is transferred to Gressittella Medvedev, 2009. Mangifera indica L. and Anacardium occidentale L. (both Anacardiaceae) are reported as host plants of B. bifasciata for the first time.

Six genera with 35 species of fungal spore feeding idolothripine thrips included in the subtribe Macrothripina of the tribe Pygothripini are recognised from Southeast Asia to Taiwan. In which one genus and 21 species are newly described: Aesthesiothrips breviconus sp. n., A. elongatus sp. n., Celidothrips floresi, sp. n., Ethirothrips colossus, sp. n., E. conopygus sp. n., E. dalatae sp. n., E. duricaudus sp. n., E. kasetsarti sp. n., E. longiceps sp. n., E. malaya sp. n., E. oculus sp. n., E. ommatus sp. n., E. puiensis sp. n., E. quadratus sp. n., E. saigon sp. n., E. setosus sp. n., E. tenuis sp. n., E. terminalis sp. n., E. thai sp. n., Fernothrips femoralis gen. et sp. n., Polytrichothrips malayanus sp. n., and two species are redescribed: E. longisetis and E. rubeus. Moreover, five species of two genera are newly recorded from Southeast Asia: E. brevis from Indonesia and Thailand, E. longisetis from Laos, E. obscurus from Indonesia and Thailand, E. rubeus from Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, and Ischyrothrips crassus from Thailand. Generic definitions of two genera, Aesthesiothrips and Ethirothrips, are re-examined. Five keys are provided for: 12 Macrothripina genera from Asia, three Aestethiothrips species, two Celidothrips species from Southeast Asia, 26 Ethirothrips species from Southeast Asia to Taiwan, and three Polytrichothrips species.

We studied the taxonomic status of glassfrogs collected in Departamento Huánuco, central Peru, which in the field were tentatively allocated to Chimerella, one of the twelve genera currently recognized in the family Centrolenidae. Detailed analyses of their morphology, bioacoustics, and molecular genetics supported their generic allocation and provided evidence for them representing a divergent and unnamed evolutionary lineage within Chimerella. We herein describe this lineage as a new species, being mainly distinguished from the two other known congeners, C. corleone and C. mariaelenae, by details of colouration in life and preservative, substantial differences in advertisement call, and differentiation in mitochondrial markers (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome b) and a nuclear-encoded marker (Rag-1). The new species is the southernmost distributed species in the genus and was found in a swampy habitat at the bank of the Río Patay Rondos, a tributary of the Río Monzon, in rainforest at the Andean-Amazon foothills at 798 m above sea level. Aspects of species delimitation within Chimerella and related future research are briefly addressed and discussed.