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Cattle population history, breeding systems, and geographic subdivision may be reflected in runs of homozygosity (ROH), effective population size (Ne), and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns. Thus, the assessment of this information has become essential to the implementation of genomic selection on purebred and crossbred cattle breeding programs. In this way, we assessed the genotype of 19 cattle breeds raised in Brazil belonging to taurine, indicine, synthetic crossbreds, and Iberian-derived locally adapted ancestries to evaluate the overall LD decay patterns, Ne, ROH, and breed composition. We were able to obtain a general overview of the genomic architecture of cattle breeds currently raised in Brazil and other tropical countries. We found that, among the evaluated breeds, different marker densities should be used to improve the genomic prediction accuracy and power of genome-wide association studies. Breeds showing low Ne values indicate a recent inbreeding, also reflected by the occurrence of longer ROH, which demand special attention in the matting schemes to avoid extensive inbreeding. Candidate genes (e.g., ABCA7, PENK, SPP1, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, SPEF2, PRLR, LRRTM1, and LRRTM4) located in the identified ROH islands were evaluated, highlighting biological processes involved with milk production, behavior, rusticity, and fertility. Furthermore, we were successful in obtaining the breed composition regarding the taurine and indicine composition using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Our results were able to observe in detail the genomic backgrounds that are present in each breed and allowed to better understand the various contributions of ancestor breeds to the modern breed composition to the Brazilian cattle.

Progesterone (P4) is essential for embryonic development and maintenance of pregnancy when deficiency causes early embryonic loss. In this study, we investigated the ability of hormonal supplementation to improve the fertility of Nellore females subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination (IATF) protocols. Here, we evaluated the effect of long-acting injectable progesterone (iP4) supplementation in the D4 after IATF on pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss in Nellore females (Bos taurus indicus) from different reproductive categories in Western Amazonia. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight hundred thirteen Nellore females from 5 farms were selected and distributed into 2 groups: control [GC; administration of 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, intramuscularly - IM] (n = 407) and a group that received injectable progesterone (iP4) that was long-acting [GiP4; administration of 0.5 mL of iP4, 300 mg, via IM four days after IATF] (n = 406). Each group contained 3 subgroups: heifers, primiparous cows, and multiparous cows. Of the 407 animals in the CG, 103 were heifers, 107 primiparous, and 197 multiparous. Of the 406 animals in the GiP4 group, there were 101 heifers, 107 primiparous, and 198 multiparous. On a random day of the estrous cycle (D0), an intravaginal device containing 1 g of P4 and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (BE) was inserted by intramuscular injection. On D8, the P4 device was removed and 150 μg of D-cloprostenol (PGF2α), 300 IU eCG, and 1 mg BE were administered IM. Cows were inseminated at D10, 48-52 h after procedure on D8. Pregnancy diagnosis was made between 35 and 40 days after insemination through ultrasound examination. Between 80 and 90 days after insemination, a new ultrasound examination was performed to assess early pregnancy loss. The data were processed using the SAS 9.2. The conception rate, pregnancy loss, and final conception rate were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX according to groups (CG and GiP4), categories (heifers, primiparous and multiparous), and their interactions as variables. The differences in the means of least squares were adjusted using the Tukey?Kramer method. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. The general conception rate was 46% (375/816). Regardless of the animal class, GiP4 animals (51.97%) had higher conception rates (P < 0.05) than CG (40.29%). In the subgroups (heifers, primiparous and multiparous cows), there was a difference (P < 0.05) between animals treated with iP4 (52.48%, 57.94%, and 48.48%, respectively) and those who were not (39.81%, 41.12%, and 40.10%, respectively). Gestational losses, regardless of the animal class, were higher in females in the CG (7.93%) [P < 0.05] compared to those in the GiP4 group (2.84%). Regardless of treatment with iP4, the percentage of gestational loss in heifers was significantly higher (10.64%) than that in primiparous and multiparous cows (3.77% and 2.86%, respectively). The final conception rates were higher in animals that received long-acting iP4, which increased the final pregnancy in all parity categories. Discussion: In the present study, the use of iP4 increased the pregnancy rate in Nellore females, regardless of the category. Although there has been no consensus on the use of iP4, there is an agreement that increases in the pregnancy rate are related to the moment of exogenous P4 application. In addition to influencing the pregnancy rate, reduction in pregnancy losses is also attributed to iP4 treatment, a fact demonstrated in the present study, where animals treated with iP4 had a lower pregnancy loss rate than normally occurs in beef cattle. Supplementation with long-acting iP4 increased the pregnancy rate at D35-40, reduced pregnancy losses, and increased the conception rate on D80-90 days in Nellore females reared in the Western Amazon, regardless of the animal category. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-31T16:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27293.pdf: 183754 bytes, checksum: 1d786ec7c3578c46ab24e7859d5545d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

RESUMO A relação da eficiência nutricional com a idade e o peso à puberdade e as características reprodutivas foram estudadas em 35 novilhas F1 Holandês x Gir, em ensaios usando o consumo alimentar residual (CAR) nos períodos pós-desaleitamento (PD) e pós-puberdade (PP). Novilhas PD (P0,05) entre CAR. Não foi verificada correlação entre diâmetro folicular, taxa de crescimento do folículo, número de ondas foliculares no ciclo estral e taxa de gestação à primeira IA com o CARPD ou CARPP. Novilhas F1HG selecionadas para CAR com baixa eficiência podem ter idade à puberdade 10 dias a mais, quando comparadas às novilhas de alta eficiência para CAR. Não foi verificado que novilhas selecionadas para alta ou baixa eficiências alimentares, usando CAR, tivessem algum impacto negativo sobre características reprodutivas avaliadas. ABSTRACT The relationship between nutritional efficiency and age and weight at puberty and reproductive traits was studied in 35 F1 Holstein x Gyr heifers, in trials using residual food consumption (CAR) in the post-weaning (PW) and post-pubertal (PP) periods. PD heifers (P0.05) between CAR. No correlation was found between follicular diameter, follicle growth rate, number of follicular waves in the estrous cycle and pregnancy rate at 1st AI with the CARPD or CARPP. F1HG heifers selected for CAR with low efficiency can be aged at puberty 10 days longer when compared to high-efficiency heifers for CAR. These results did not show that heifers selected for high or low food efficiency, using CAR, had negative impact on the reproductive characteristics evaluated.

The physical and chemical characteristics of gelatin have been used to justify its inclusion in extenders to preserve the sperm quality and improve results of cervical artificial insemination with cooled semen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gelatin supplementation in cooling extender on the quality and fertility of ram semen stored at 5°C. Semen samples (n = 24) of Santa Inês rams (n = 6) were diluted in Glycine-Yolk-Milk extender without (control) or with 1.5% of gelatin. The samples were loaded into 0.25 mL straws, cooled to 5°C and stored vertically for 48 and 72 hours. Sample quality was evaluated using straw homogeneity tests based on pH, osmolality and the proportion of spermatozoa (PS) in both upper and lower segments of straws (US and LS), analyses of sperm motility, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, and by fertility after artificial insemination. Differences between the US and LS of straws were found for pH and PS (%). They were significant only in the control group at both times: pH ? 5.96 vs. 5.71 at 48 h and 6.13 vs. 5.89 at 72 h; PS ? 21.66 vs. 78.34 at 48 h and 20.87 vs. 79.13 at 72 h. Storage in gelatin had very little, to no effect on the sperm kinetics or on the sperm membrane integrity evaluations. The addition of gelatin to the extender did not affect the pregnancy rate which ranged from 4.4 to 26.1%. We conclude that gelatin is effective in maintaining the physical and chemical homogeneity of the semen samples. Further research is needed in order to optimize the use of gelatin supplementation and elucidate any potential benefits. Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-15T23:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Theeffectsofgelatinsupplementationp2328AR20170021.pdf: 165768 bytes, checksum: fd834e8d74ed6767025dfdec34caffb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-15

The objective of this study was to compare the corn-based (FLU), high linoleic acid flushings(LAF), and a control treatment (un supplemented, CON); two genetic groups:Morada Nova (MN) and Brazilian Somalis (BS), on the productive and reproductive performance of ewes and their lambs. A total of 156 non-pregnant ewes were supplemented three weeks before and after the breeding season. Supplementation with either FLU or LAF increased ewe body condition score (BCS) at the beginning of the breeding season and at lambing compared to CON. The BS ewes had greater body weights at the supplementation end, and BCS both at the supplementation start, and at lambing compared to MN. Similarly, ewes with three lambs per birth had greater BCS at the beginning of supplementation. They also had greater weights at the beginning of the breeding season and at lambing. Both FLU and LAF increased total lamb weight from 56 to 105 days of age compared to CON.The BS ewes had decreased prolificity and produced lower total weight of lambs at lambing, but greater 84 and 105 days after birth compared to MN. Total lambweight at birth was greater for ewes that lambed three, followed by two and then one lamb per birth. In conclusion, the high linoleic acid and high corn supplementation increase body condition score of ewes form breeding season to lambing and enhance lamb performance after 56 days of age. Although Morada Nova ewes increased prolificacy, their lambs were lighter after they reached 84 days of age. [Flushing à base de milho ou alto ácido linoleico aumenta a produtividade de ovelhas Morada Nova e Somalis Brasileira]. Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar flushings à base de milho (FLU), ácido linoleico alto (FAL), e tratamento controle (não suplementado, CON);dois grupos genéticos: Morada Nova (MN) e Somalis Brasileiro (SB), sobre desempenho de ovelhas e cordeiros. Foram suplementadas 156 ovelhas não prenhes três semanas antes e após a estação de monta. Tanto FLU quanto FAL aumentaram o escore de condição corporal (ECC) de ovelhas no início da estação de monta e no parto, comparado ao CON. Ovelhas da raça SB tiveram maior peso no final da suplementação, e ECC, tanto no início da suplementação, quanto ao parto comparado ao MN. Da mesma forma, ovelhas com três cordeiros por nascimento tiveram ECC maior no início da suplementação. Elas também tiveram maiores pesos tanto no início da estação como no parto. Tanto FLU como FAL aumentaram o peso do cordeiro de 56 até 105 dias de idade comparadoao CON. Ovelhas SB diminuíram a prolificidade e produziram menor peso total de cordeiros ao parto, porém maior peso totalapós 84 e 105 dias comparado às ovelhas MN. O peso totaldecordeiros ao nascimento foi maior para ovelhas com gestação tripla, seguido por dupla, e simples. Em conclusão, a suplementação com ácido linoleico e milho aumentam o escore da condição corporal de ovelhas desde a estação de monta até o parto e a performance do cordeiro após 56 dias de idade. Embora ovelhas Morada Nova tenham aumentado a prolificidade, seus cordeiros ficaram mais leves apósos 84 dias de idade. Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-08T23:38:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2019Cornbased.pdf: 138031 bytes, checksum: e2a04fd27dbbb321e54c9d21820fc190 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-08

Background Previously, we have demonstrated that genes involved in ovarian function are highly conserved throughout evolution. In this study, we aimed to document the conservation of genes involved in spermatogenesis from flies to vertebrates and their expression profiles in vertebrates. Results We retrieved 379 Drosophila melanogaster genes that are functionally involved in male reproduction according to their mutant phenotypes and listed their vertebrate orthologs. 83% of the fly genes have at least one vertebrate ortholog for a total of 625 mouse orthologs. This conservation percentage is almost twice as high as the 42% rate for the whole fly genome and is similar to that previously found for genes preferentially expressed in ovaries. Of the 625 mouse orthologs, we selected 68 mouse genes of interest, 42 of which exhibited a predominant relative expression in testes and 26 were their paralogs. These 68 mouse genes exhibited 144 and 60 orthologs in chicken and zebrafish, respectively, gathered in 28 groups of paralogs. Almost two thirds of the chicken orthologs and half of the zebrafish orthologs exhibited a relative expression ≥50% in testis. Finally, our focus on functional in silico data demonstrated that most of these genes were involved in the germ cell process, primarily in structure elaboration/maintenance and in acid nucleic metabolism. Conclusion Our work confirms that the genes involved in germ cell development are highly conserved across evolution in vertebrates and invertebrates and display a high rate of conservation of preferential testicular expression among vertebrates. Among the genes highlighted in this study, three mouse genes (Lrrc46, Pabpc6 and Pkd2l1) have not previously been described in the testes, neither their zebrafish nor chicken orthologs. The phylogenetic approach developed in this study finally allows considering new testicular genes for further fundamental studies in vertebrates, including model species (mouse and zebrafish). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1462-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

RESUMO Três experimentos foram realizados para adaptar um protocolo de sincronização de estro e da ovulação para ser utilizado em programas de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) em vacas taurinas tropicalmente adaptadas. No Exp. 1 (crossover), vacas pluríparas Curraleiro Pé-Duro (n= 12) receberam um dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1g de P4 por oito dias e 2mg de BE intramuscular (IM) no momento da inserção do dispositivo (dia 0). No dia da remoção do dispositivo (dia 8), as fêmeas receberam 150μg de D-cloprostenol sódico e 300UI de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) IM, sendo, então, divididas aleatoriamente para receber 1mg de BE no dia 8 (BE8) ou 1mg de BE no dia 9 (BE9). A aplicação de BE no D9 atrasou a ovulação em aproximadamente 15 horas (P0,05). No Experimento 3, os protocolos hormonais de IATF BE8 e P4D9 foram testados para a taxa de prenhez, alcançando 23% (10/43) e 20% (9/45), respectivamente (P>0,05). Embora o grupo P4D9 tenha mostrado avanço na proporção de animais que responderam ao protocolo quando comparado ao protocolo BE8, este não se refletiu em melhora na taxa de prenhez. ABSTRACT Three experiments were performed to adapt a synchronization protocol of estrus synchronization and ovulation to be used in fixed time artificial insemination programs (FTAI) in tropically adapted Bos taurus cows. In Exp. 1 (crossover) multiparous Curraleiro Pé-Duro cows (n= 12) received an intravaginal device containing 1g of P4 for 8 days and 2mg of EB at the time of device insertion (Day 0). On the P4 device removal (Day 8) females received 150g of D-cloprostenol Sodic and 300IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Then, they were randomly divided to receive 1mg of EB on Day 8 (EB8) or on Day 9 (EB9). EB9 delayed ovulation approximately 15 hours (P0.05). In Exp. 3, EB8 and P4D9 protocols were used to evaluate the pregnancy rate, reaching 23% (10/43) and 20% (9/45), respectively (P>0.05). Although P4D9 protocol has shown improvement in proportion of animals that responded to the protocol when compared to EB8 protocol, it was not able to improve pregnancy rate.

Introduction: Fsh is a pituitary gonadotropin that regulates both gonadal functions, gametogenesis and steroidogenesis, in fish. The biological actions of Fsh are mediated through its binding to a membrane receptor (Fshr) that belongs to the superfamily of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Previous reports on in vivo disruption of the Fshr gene showed that Fsh signaling pathway was dispensable for male fertility but was required for oogenesis. In the present study we generated new mutant zebrafish lines to further investigate the role of fshr in reproductive and growth performances. Methods: We disrupted the fshr gene in zebrafish using the CRISPR/Cas9 method. We selected three CRISPR sites in the 10th exon of the gene to cause a large deletion easily detectable by a PCR-based genotyping method. Two mutant lines were generated from independent founders mated with transgenic vasa:eGFP females. The mutations were characterized by DNA sequencing in both lines. The deletions led to predicted truncated proteins enable to anchor to the membrane and to transduce Fsh signal. Results and Discussion: Heterozygous mutant males and females developed an apparently normal gametogenesis and were fertile. However heterozygous zebrafish population (fshr+/-) showed a female biased sexratio compared to the non mutated siblings. At 27 days post fertilization heterozygous mutants showed higher relative abundance of the gonadal aromatase gene (cyp19a1a) and increased levels of transcripts involved in granulosa cell differentiation (foxl2a2, gsdf, fshr, sox9a). In addition, transcripts accumulated during late oocyte growth (vasa, sox9b and nanos2) were also detected at higher levels. The relative abundance of sycp1 was unchanged indicating that meiosis initiation was normal. In contrast, in homozygous mutant meiosis was altered as revealed by decreased expression levels of sycp1. In addition, oocytes did not progress beyond the pre-follicle phase of primary growth. All adult homozygous mutants became males suggesting that impaired oogenesis during early ontogenesis caused sex reversal. Additional new phenotypes were observed in the homozygous males including lower sperm count and viability. This could result from 11-KT deficiency as revealed by decreased expression levels of cyp11b2. Perturbation of steroidogenesis could also explain the increased body weight and length observed in homozygous mutants. Conclusion: The marked phenotypic perturbations induced by the Fshr mutation confirm that Fsh and Lh have distinct functions. We showed that the loss of one fshr gene copy favours the differentiation of granulosa cells and oocyte growth. Fsh signalling pathway is dispensable for Sertoli cell differentiation but remains important for sperm quality and excretion.

In response to increasing efforts for reducing concentrate inputs to organic dairy production in grassland-rich areas of Europe, a long-term study was conducted, which assessed the impacts of concentrate reductions on cows’ performance, health, fertility and average herd age. In total, 42 Swiss commercial organic dairy cattle farms were monitored over 6 years (‘Y0’, 2008/09 until ‘Y5’, 2013/14). In comparison with overall data of Swiss herdbooks (including conventional and organic farms), the herds involved in the project had lower milk yields, similar milk solids, shorter calving intervals and higher average lactation numbers. During the first 3 project years farmers reduced the concentrate proportion (i.e. cereals, oilseeds and grain legumes) in the dairy cows’ diets to varying degrees. In Y0, farms fed between 0% and 6% (dietary dry matter proportion per year) of concentrates. During the course of the study they changed the quantity of concentrates to voluntarily chosen degrees. Retrospectively, farms were clustered into five farm groups: Group ‘0-conc’ (n = 6 farms) already fed zero concentrates in Y0 and stayed at this level. Group ‘Dec-to0’(n = 11) reduced concentrates to 0 during the project period. Groups ‘Dec-strong’ (n = 8) and ‘Dec-slight’ (n = 12) decreased concentrate amounts by >50% and

Genes encoding mammalian oviductal proteins involved in fertilization are subjected to gene death and positive selection. 21. Annual Conference of the European Society for Domestic Animal Reproduction (ESDAR)

Hen's fertility is correlated to caspases activation on sperm storage tubes. 2. Journées du GdR 3606 Repro

Resumo: Estudos realizados atualmente buscam identificar nos animais domésticos marcadores moleculares proteicos de fertilidade, de modo a contribuir para os programas de melhoramento genético, embora poucos ainda sejam realizados em ovinos deslanados, como os da raça Morada Nova. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar possíveis proteínas seminais relacionadas à fertilidade de ovinos da raça Morada Nova, utilizando-se a técnica de Eletroforese Bidimensional (2DE). Seis reprodutores da raça Morada Nova, na faixa etária de quatro a seis anos e peso médio de 42 kg foram submetidos à coleta de sêmen, antes da estação de monta, para obtenção do plasma seminal e, posterior, análise eletroforética. As estações de monta tiveram duração de 45 dias e o diagnóstico de prenhez realizado 60 dias após o início das coberturas, mediante a ultrassonografia por imagem, onde foram classificados em dois grupos: Fertilidade Alta (FA) e Fertilidade Moderada (FM), com base na taxa de fertilidade média (82,65%). A 2DE foi conduzida de março a agosto/2016. Logo após esta etapa, os géis foram escaneados e comparados através do Software ImageMaster 2D Platinum 7.0, buscando quantificar e identificar os spot?s presentes. Foi realizada Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e também da distribuição dos spot?s presentes nos animais estudados, utilizando o programa estatístico SAS 9.3. Com o auxilio dessa análise foram detectados 160 spot?s com maior expressão nos seis animais, os quais foram analisados pelo banco de dados Uniprot. Dentre os spot?s mais expressivos encontrou-se 15% em ambos os grupos e 85% se apresentaram diferencialmente expressos (presentes ou ausentes) entre os grupos. Entre os spot?s identificados, 26,88% foram encontrados nos dois reprodutores do grupo FA, enquanto que os quatro carneiros do grupo FM, apresentaram 58,12%. Entre os spot?s observados no FA, constatou-se uma concentração de massas moleculares de baixo peso (8 kDa a 60 kDa), como também a identificação de proteínas ligadas exclusivamente à reprodução, como: Dynein light chain Tctex-type 3; Interferon tau-1 e Osteopontin. Possivelmente, uma ou mais das proteínas desse grupo possam vir a ser caracterizadas como marcadores de fertilidade, sobressaindo-se a Osteopontina. Abstract: Current studies are aimed at identifying genetic markers of fertility in domestic animals, so contributing to genetic breeding programs, although few are still carried out on sheep such as the Morada Nova breed. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify possible seminal proteins related to the fertility of Morada Nova sheep, using the technique of Two-dimensional Electrophoresis (2DE). Six breeders of Morada Nova breed, aged 4 to 6 years and mean weight of 42 kg were submitted to semen collection, before the breeding season, to obtain seminal plasma and, later, electrophoretic analysis. Mating seassons lasted 45 days and the diagnosis of pregnancy, at 60 days after the beginning of the mating, was performed by ultrasound imaging, identifying two groups: High Fertility (FA) and Moderate Fertility (FM), based on the mean fertility rate (82.65%). The 2DE was conducted from March to August / 2016. Soon after this step, the gels were scanned and compared through ImageMaster 2D Platinum 7.0 Software, seeking to quantify and identify the present spots. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and also the distribution of the spots present in the animals were performed using the statistical program SAS 9.3. This analysis detected 160 spots with greater expression in the six animals, which were analyzed by the Uniprot database. Among the most expressive spots, 15% were found in both groups and 85% presented differentially expressed (present or absent) between groups. Among the spots identified, 26.88% were found in two animals from FA group, while the four sheep from FM group presented 58.12%. Among the spots observed in FA, a concentration of low molecular masses (8 kDa to 60 kDa) was observed, as well as the identification of proteins exclusively related to reproduction, such as: Dynein light chain Tctex-type 3; Interferon tau-1 and Osteopontin. Possibly, one or more of these proteins of this group can be characterized as markers of fertility, highlighting the protein Osteopontin. Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T00:45:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2017UPA13.pdf: 1316552 bytes, checksum: 0b040798b58d8695e56103d323531246 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-21 Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral. Orientadora: Ângela Maria Xavier Eloy (Embrapa); Coorientador: Diônes Oliveira Santos (Embrapa).

Decades of genetic selection have generated 2 different, highly specialized types of chickens in which 1 type, known as the layer-type chicken, expresses high laying performance while the other type, known as the broiler-type chicken, is dedicated to the production of fast-growing birds. Selected lines for the latter type often express disorders in their reproductive performance including early sexual maturation and accelerated, non-reversible seasonal decline of their semen production and mating behavior. The aim of the present study was to characterize some metabolic markers of the Sertoli cell populations. Sertoli cells are somatic cells known to support, coordinate, nourish, and protect the germ cell populations from onset to the end of their meiotic process. Comparisons of gonadal development between males of the 2 genetic types taken at their pre-pubertal period indicated that the testes of layer-type chickens are significantly less developed than in broiler-type males taken at the same age. In addition, cultures of purified Sertoli cells from the 2 types revealed in vitro a higher proliferative capacity when issued from layer compared to broiler-type chickens. This was associated with a higher expression of the genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids (CPT1; PPARβ) as well as a 4-fold increase in the Lactate Dehydrogenase-A expression and activity. In contrast, Sertoli cells from broiler-type chickens presented an elevated activity of citrate synthase and mitochondria, suggesting a better efficacy of aerobic metabolism in Sertoli cells from broiler compared to layer-type chickens. Moreover, the testis from broiler-type chickens seems to be more sensitive to oxidative stress due to the lower global antioxidant capacity compared to layer-type chickens.In conclusion, these results suggest that the metabolic activity of testicular tissues is different in the layer and broiler breeder chickens. The aerobic metabolism more prevalent in broiler-type chickens could be a factor to reduce the male fertility such as germ cell quality.

National audience; Cette étude concerne la fertilité des caprins de races « Alpine » et « Saanen ».Les taux de fertilité de ces boucs après insémination étant assez variables, il nous est paru important d’étudier les métabolites et les conditions qui pourraient conduire à l’amélioration de ces derniers. Pour ce faire, 204 échantillons de plasmas séminaux de 35 boucs prélevés durant les années 2009 à 2012 et présentant des taux de fertilité de 47% à 74 %, ont été analysés par RMN-1D à l’aide d’un spectromètre RMN 700MHz avec cryosonde.

Differential effects of perinatal, prepubertal or conception to adulthood exposures to a low dose mixture of genistein and vinclozolin on the genital tract and fertility of male rats and their unexposed progeny. Colloque PNR-PE

Avaliaram-se a taxa de concepção, a resposta à prostaglandina, a duração do estro, a categoria reprodutiva e o tipo de muco de cabras inseminadas com sêmen diluído em meio à base de gema de ovo e resfriado a 5oC, por 12 ou 24 horas. Foram utilizados dois reprodutores e 62 fêmeas da raça Toggenburg, que receberam duas doses de 22,5µg de PGF2a, em intervalos de 10 dias, para a sincronização do estro. A partir da primeira aplicação de PGF2a, o estro foi monitorado três vezes ao dia. Realizou-se uma única inseminação, 12 horas após o início do estro. As porcentagens de fêmeas em estro, após a primeira e segunda aplicações de PGF2a, foram de 85,5% e 88,7%, respectivamente. O intervalo de aplicação da primeira e segunda doses de PGF2a ao início do estro foi de 41,04±20,32 e 45,67±9,28 horas, e a duração do estro de 40,02±15,96 e 2,24±12,09 horas, respectivamente. A taxa de concepção total foi de 49,1%. O período de armazenamento do sêmen e a categoria reprodutiva não influenciaram (P>0,05) a taxa de concepção. O tipo de muco observado no momento da inseminação influenciou (P0.05) the conception rate. The mucous observed at the insemination time influenced (P

Avaliou-se a capacidade fecundante do sêmen caprino resfriado a 5°C, por 12 (TI) ou 24 horas (TII), em container especial. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 62 fêmeas e dois reprodutores (B1 e B2) da raça Toggenburg, distribuídos em um esquema fatorial 2x2 (dois reprodutores e dois períodos de estocagem do sêmen). Após a coleta, o sêmen foi diluído em Tris-frutose-gema de ovo a 2,5%, envasado em palhetas de 0,25mL, com 150x106 espermatozoides móveis e resfriado a 5oC. As fêmeas receberam duas doses de 22,5µg de PGF2a, em intervalos de 10 dias para a sincronização do estro. A partir da primeira aplicação de PGF2a, as fêmeas foram monitoradas para ocorrência de estro, três vezes ao dia. Realizou-se uma única inseminação, pela técnica de fixação da cérvice, 12 horas após o início do estro. A motilidade e o vigor, após 12 ou 24 horas de resfriamento, foram de 66,14±0,11% e 62,50±0,05%, e 3,46±0,61 e 3,27±0,50, respectivamente. Não houve influência (P>0,05) do reprodutor, nem do período de armazenamento do sêmen sobre a taxa de concepção das cabras, que foi de 49,1%. Conception rate of goats inseminated with semen cooled in egg yolk diluent at 5 degrees C, for 12 or 24 hours. Abstract: The fertilizing capacity of goat semen cooled in egg yolk diluent at 5 degrees C, for 12 or 24 hours was evaluated. Sixty-two Toggenburg does and two sexually mature Toggenburg bucks were used in a fatorial treatment combination (two bucks and two storage periods). The semen was diluted in 2.5% Tris-frutose-egg yolk; envased in 0.25mL plastic straws, with 150x10(6) mobile spermatozoa; and cooled at 5 degrees C for 12 or 24 hours. The females received two doses of 22.5 mu g of prostaglandine F2 alpha, at each 10-day intervals in order to synchronize the estrous. From the first PGF2 alpha injection, estrous occurrence was monitored three times per day. Only one insemination was used, using the cervix fixation method, 12 hours after the estrous onset. The means of motility and strength, 12 (TI) and 24 hours (TII) after semen cooling at 5 degrees C, were 66.14 +/- 0.11% and 62.50 +/- 0.05%, and 3.46 +/- 0.61 and 3.27 +/- 0.50, respectively. Neither the sire nor the period of semen influenced (P>0.05) the conception rate of the does, which was 49.1%.

Cetengraulis mistycetus es una anchoveta americana, que se encuentra localizada en la Costa Americana desde México hasta Perú. Su valor comercial es relevante en la parte interna del Golfo de Nicoya, ya que la flota artesanal tradicional la utiliza como carnada viva para la línea de anzuelos. En el presente estudio, se determinó la edad de la primera madurez sexual en 12,6 cm, la proporción sexual fue de 1:1,2 machos por hembra, para la época de mayor desove. La fecundidad total se estimo entre 48.498 oocitos en las tallas de 16 a 18,9 cm y de 98.278 oocitos en las tallas que van de 19 a 21,9 cm. La fecundidad relativa estimada fue de 813 oocitos por gramo de pez para el primer grupo de talla y de 1.145 oocitos por gramo de pez para el segundo. En el estudio biométrico, solamente la longitud dorsal fue la única relación que varió entre sexos siendo isométrica para hembras y alométrica negativa en machos, en el resto de relaciones el comportamiento entre sexos fue similar. Cetengraulis mysticetus is an American anchovy found on the Pacific coast between Mexico and Peru. The fecundity and the biometry relations were studied in the Gulf of Nicoya population, Costa Rica. The length of first sexual maturity was estimated to be 12.6 cm. The sex ratio was 1:1.2 male to female in the maximum spawning period. The total fecundity changed from 48,498 oocytes to 98,278 oocytes according to the total length size. The relative fecundity was estimated in two length-size groups, the first group (16-18,3 cm length) with 813 oocytes per gram fish and the second group (19-21,9 cm length) with 1,145 oocytes per gram fish. The biometric study shows differences only in dorsal length with total length size relation females are isometric and males are negative alometric. The other body relationships are equal in both male and female.

After rainbow Trout sperm were diluted in 0.01 and 0.001 M theophylline media, motility and fertilizing ability were prolonged as compared to the control media without theophylline. However, the motility observed was lower and of a different type than normal motility. This suggests that other factors besides cyclic nucleotides intervene in the motility of Trout spermatozoa.