549 results on '"Animal cell biotechnology"'
Search Results
2. Cellular Agriculture : Technology, Society, Sustainability and Science
- Author
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Evan D. G. Fraser, David L. Kaplan, Lenore Newman, Rickey Y. Yada, Evan D. G. Fraser, David L. Kaplan, Lenore Newman, and Rickey Y. Yada
- Subjects
- Artificial foods, Animal cell biotechnology, Cell culture
- Abstract
Cellular Agriculture: Technology, Society, Sustainability and Science provides a state-of-the-art review of cellular agriculture technologies. From cell selection to scaffolding and everything in-between, this book contains chapters authored by leading cellular agriculture researchers and product developers across the world.Driven by consumer desire for sustainable food production, animal welfare improvements, and better human health, companies around the world are racing to engineer alternative protein products with the best flavour, appearance, and texture. A major challenge many of these early-stage companies struggle with is having the foundational science and technical knowledge to start their journey in this emerging industry. This text provides detailed information on the current state of the science and technology of cellular agriculture. It combines the social aspects that need to be considered to create a level playing field to give each emerging idea the best chance at realizing the ultimate vision of cellular agriculture: satisfying the demand for protein around the world in a way that is better for humans, animals, and the planet.This is the first resource of its kind to take a practical approach to review the design, feasibility, and implementation of cellular agriculture techniques. With additional chapters on life cycle analyses and ideal transition scenarios, this book provides a resource for aspiring technology developers and academics alike, seeking evidence-based assessments of the industry and its disruptive potential. - Written by industry and academic experts for balanced perspective - Presents foundational information with practical application insights - Includes chapters on regulatory and policy issues - Reviews the sustainability challenges of alternative proteins
- Published
- 2024
3. Transgenic Insects : Techniques and Applications
- Author
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Mark Quentin Benedict, Maxwell J Scott, Mark Quentin Benedict, and Maxwell J Scott
- Subjects
- Insect cell biotechnology, Animal cell biotechnology, Transgenic animals--Handbooks, manuals, etc, Insects--Genetic engineering
- Abstract
Technology for modifying the genotypes and phenotypes of insects and other arthropods has steadily progressed with the development of more precise and powerful methods, most prominently transgenic modification. For many insect pests, there is now almost unlimited ability to modify phenotypes to benefit human health and agriculture. Precise DNA modifications and gene drive have the power to make wild-type populations less harmful in ways that could never have been performed with previous transgenic approaches. This transition from primarily laboratory science to greater application for field use has also necessitated greater development of modeling, ethical considerations and regulatory oversight. The 2nd Edition of Transgenic Insects contains chapters contributed by experts in the field that cover technologies and applications that are now possible. This edition includes increased attention to associated challenges of risk assessment, regulation, and public engagement. Featuring: Up-to-date analysis of molecular techniques, such as gene editing. Consideration of public attitudes and regulatory aspects associated with transgenic insects. Many examples of the wide range of applications of transgenic insects. This book will be very valuable to students and researchers in entomology, molecular biology, genetics, public health and agriculture, and will also appeal to practitioners who are implementing the technology, and to regulators, stakeholders and ethicists.
- Published
- 2022
4. Principles of Tissue Engineering
- Author
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Robert Lanza, Robert Langer, Joseph P. Vacanti, Anthony Atala, Robert Lanza, Robert Langer, Joseph P. Vacanti, and Anthony Atala
- Subjects
- Biomedical materials, Animal cell biotechnology, Tissue engineering, Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc, Insect cell biotechnology
- Abstract
Now in its fifth edition, Principles of Tissue Engineering has been the definite resource in the field of tissue engineering for more than a decade. The fifth edition provides an update on this rapidly progressing field, combining the prerequisites for a general understanding of tissue growth and development, the tools and theoretical information needed to design tissues and organs, as well as a presentation by the world's experts of what is currently known about each specific organ system. As in previous editions, this book creates a comprehensive work that strikes a balance among the diversity of subjects that are related to tissue engineering, including biology, chemistry, material science, and engineering, among others, while also emphasizing those research areas that are likely to be of clinical value in the future. This edition includes greatly expanded focus on stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, stem cell niches, and blood components from stem cells. This research has already produced applications in disease modeling, toxicity testing, drug development, and clinical therapies. This up-to-date coverage of stem cell biology and the application of tissue-engineering techniques for food production – is complemented by a series of new and updated chapters on recent clinical experience in applying tissue engineering, as well as a new section on the emerging technologies in the field. - Organized into twenty-three parts, covering the basics of tissue growth and development, approaches to tissue and organ design, and a summary of current knowledge by organ system - Introduces a new section and chapters on emerging technologies in the field - Full-color presentation throughout
- Published
- 2020
5. Animal Cell Culture and Technology
- Author
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Hart, Angela and Hart, Angela
- Subjects
- Cell culture, Animal cell biotechnology
- Published
- 2018
6. Utilizing Xenogeneic Cells As a Therapeutic Agent for Treating Diseases.
- Author
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Huang, Chi-Ping, Yang, Chi-Yu, and Shyr, Chih-Rong
- Subjects
PROTEIN drugs ,CELLULAR therapy ,ANIMAL cell biotechnology ,ANTIGENS ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents - Abstract
The utilization of biologically produced cells to treat diseases is a revolutionary invention in modern medicine after chemically synthesized small molecule drugs and biochemically made protein drugs. Cells are basic units of life with diverse functions in mature and developing organs, which biological properties could be utilized as a promising therapeutic approach for currently intractable and incurable diseases. Xenogeneic cell therapy utilizing animal cells other than human for medicinal purpose has been studied as a new way of treating diseases. Xenogeneic cell therapy is considered as a potential regenerative approach to fulfill current unmet medical needs because xenogeneic cells could be isolated from different animal organs and expanded ex vivo as well as maintain the characteristics of original organs, providing a versatile and plenty cell source for cell-based therapeutics beside autologous and allogeneic sources. The swine species is considered the most suitable source because of the similarity with humans in size and physiology of many organs in addition to the economic and ethical reasons plus the possibility of genetic modification. This review discusses the old proposed uses of xenogeneic cells such as xenogeneic pancreatic islet cells, hepatocytes and neuronal cells as a living drug for the treatment of degenerative and organ failure diseases. Novel applications of xenogeneic mesenchymal stroma cells and urothelial cells are also discussed. There are formidable immunological barriers toward successful cellular xenotransplantation in clinic despite major progress in the development of novel immunosuppression regimens and genetically multimodified donor pigs. However, immunological barriers could be turn into immune boosters by using xenogeneic cells of specific tissue types as a novel immunotherapeutic agent to elicit bystander antitumor immunity due to rejection immune responses. Xenogeneic cells have the potential to become a safe and efficacious option for intractable diseases and hard-to-treat cancers, adding a new class of cellular medicine in our drug armamentarium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Identification of Novel Modulators Towards High Cell Density and High-producing Chinese Hamster Ovary Suspension Cell Cultures As Well As Their Application in Biopharmaceutical Protein Production
- Author
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Beat Thalmann and Beat Thalmann
- Subjects
- Animal cell biotechnology, Cell culture, Ovaries--Physiology--Research, Hamsters as laboratory animals
- Abstract
Amongst the mammalian producer cell lines, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are of predominant importance in biopharmaceutical production. Thus, novel factors increasing overall productivity are sought and bear the potential to reduce the unit costs of a production process. Furthermore, the current patent situation for several therapeutic proteins demands innovative tools to at least maintain or preferentially increase the cost-effectiveness of their production processes. In this thesis, hitherto unknown factors were revealed by next generation sequencing of chemically mutated and selected CHO-K1 suspension cell lines. Two factors were proven to improve CHO-based production processes: cgrSnord78 and cgrTtc36. The Cricetulus griseus Ttc36 increases the integral as well as the maximal viable cell density and abolishes the cell-cell aggregation whilst cgrSnord78 improves the specific as well as volumetric productivity without significant impact on cell growth. Based on the present results and discussion, foundations for future research on these functionally unrevealed factors are laid. Hence, this work represents the first step towards the application of the genuine biomolecules cgrTtc36 and cgrSnord78 in biopharmaceutical protein production.
- Published
- 2015
8. Computational translation of drug effects from animal experiments to human ventricular myocytes.
- Author
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Tveito, Aslak, Jæger, Karoline Horgmo, Maleckar, Mary M., Giles, Wayne R., and Wall, Samuel
- Subjects
- *
DRUG efficacy , *EFFECT of drugs on human cell culture , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *HEART cells , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Using animal cells and tissues as precise measuring devices for developing new drugs presents a long-standing challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Despite the very significant resources that continue to be dedicated to animal testing of new compounds, only qualitative results can be obtained. This often results in both false positives and false negatives. Here, we show how the effect of drugs applied to animal ventricular myocytes can be translated, quantitatively, to estimate a number of different effects of the same drug on human cardiomyocytes. We illustrate and validate our methodology by translating, from animal to human, the effect of dofetilide applied to dog cardiomyocytes, the effect of E-4031 applied to zebrafish cardiomyocytes, and, finally, the effect of sotalol applied to rabbit cardiomyocytes. In all cases, the accuracy of our quantitative estimates are demonstrated. Our computations reveal that, in principle, electrophysiological data from testing using animal ventricular myocytes, can give precise, quantitative estimates of the effect of new compounds on human cardiomyocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Animal Cell Biotechnology : In Biologics Production
- Author
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Hansjörg Hauser, Roland Wagner, Hansjörg Hauser, and Roland Wagner
- Subjects
- Gene therapy, Animal cell biotechnology, Pharmaceutical biotechnology
- Abstract
This book introduces fundamental principles and practical application of techniques used in the scalable production of biopharmaceuticals with animal cell cultures. A broad spectrum of subjects relevant to biologics production and manufacturing are reviewed, including the generation of robust cell lines, a survey of functional genomics for a better understanding of cell lines and processes, as well as advances in regulatory compliant upstream and downstream development. The book is an essential reference for all those interested in translational animal cell-based pharmaceutical biotechnology.
- Published
- 2014
10. Principles of Tissue Engineering
- Author
-
Robert Lanza, Robert Langer, Joseph P. Vacanti, Robert Lanza, Robert Langer, and Joseph P. Vacanti
- Subjects
- Insect cell biotechnology, Biomedical materials, Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc, Animal cell biotechnology, Tissue engineering
- Abstract
Now in its fourth edition, Principles of Tissue Engineering has been the definite resource in the field of tissue engineering for more than a decade. The fourth edition provides an update on this rapidly progressing field, combining the prerequisites for a general understanding of tissue growth and development, the tools and theoretical information needed to design tissues and organs, as well as a presentation by the world's experts of what is currently known about each specific organ system. As in previous editions, this book creates a comprehensive work that strikes a balance among the diversity of subjects that are related to tissue engineering, including biology, chemistry, material science, and engineering, among others, while also emphasizing those research areas that are likely to be of clinical value in the future. This edition includes greatly expanded focus on stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, stem cell niches, and blood components from stem cells. This research has already produced applications in disease modeling, toxicity testing, drug development, and clinical therapies. This up-to-date coverage of stem cell biology and other emerging technologies –such as brain-machine interfaces for controlling bionics and neuroprostheses– is complemented by a series of new and updated chapters on recent clinical experience in applying tissue engineering, as well as a new section on the application of tissue-engineering techniques for food production. The result is a comprehensive textbook that will be useful to students and experts alike. - Includes new chapters on biomaterial-protein interactions, nanocomposite and three-dimensional scaffolds, skin substitutes, spinal cord, vision enhancement, and heart valves - Offers expanded coverage of adult and embryonic stem cells of the cardiovascular, hematopoietic, musculoskeletal, nervous, and other organ systems - Full-color presentation throughout
- Published
- 2014
11. Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds
- Author
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Anthony Atala, David J. Mooney, Anthony Atala, and David J. Mooney
- Subjects
- Polymers in medicine--Biodegradation, Tissue culture, Animal cell biotechnology
- Abstract
This body of work represents the first volume of a book series covering the field of tissue engineering. Tissue engineering, which refers to a category of therapeutic or diagnostic products and processes which are based upon a combination of living cells and biomaterials, was defined as a field only a few years ago (1988). Tissue engineering is an inherently interdisciplinary field, combining bioengineering, life sciences and clinical sciences. The definition of this area of work as the field of tissue engineering brought together scientists from multiple backgrounds who already were working toward the achievement of similar goals. Why a book series exclusively devoted to tissue engineering? The field of tissue engineering is heterogeneous. The cells involved in tissue engineering can be autologous, allogeneic or xenogeneic. The biomaterials utilized can be either naturally occurring, synthetic or a combination of both. The appli cation of the technology can be either for acute or permanent purposes. An attempt to cover the field of tissue engineering in a single volume, with the degree of detail necessary for individuals with different scientific back grounds and disciplines, would be a difficult task to accomplish, particularly when this field is just emerging and changing rapidly. Therefore, addressing different technologies within the field of tissue engineering, in a comprehen sive manner, is the main mission of this series of volumes. A stellar group of scientists has been brought together to form the editorial board of the series.
- Published
- 2013
12. Fundamentals of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology
- Author
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Viktor Nedovic, Ronnie Willaert, Viktor Nedovic, and Ronnie Willaert
- Subjects
- Immobilized cells, Animal cell biotechnology, Microencapsulation
- Abstract
Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology Biotechnology is divided into two volumes. The first volume is dedicated to fundamental aspects of cell immobilisation while the second volume deals with the diverse applications of this technology. The first volume, Fundamentals of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology, comprises 26 chapters arranged into four parts: Materials for cell immobilisation/encapsulation, Methods and technologies for cell immobilisation/encapsulation, Carrier characterisation and bioreactor design, and Physiology of immobilised cells: techniques and mathematical modelling.
- Published
- 2013
13. Animal Cell Technology : From Vaccines to Genetic Medicine
- Author
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Manuel J.T. Carrondo, Bryan Griffiths, José L.P. Moreira, Manuel J.T. Carrondo, Bryan Griffiths, and José L.P. Moreira
- Subjects
- Animal cell biotechnology
- Abstract
Animal cell technology has undergone a rapid transformation over the last decade from a research tool and highly specialised technology to a central resource for innovation in pharmaceutical research and development. These proceedings of the 14th Meeting of the European Society for Animal Cell Technology (Vilamoura, Portugal, May 1996) bring up to date the historical perspective of animal cell technology for the benefit of society, `From Vaccines to Genetic Medicine', and will charter this vital technology for the years to come. Strong contributions are grouped in the traditional ESACT areas of'Cell and Physiology Engineering'dealing with cell state, including genetics, and its environment, and'Animal Cell Process Engineering'covering integration of bioreaction with bioseparation coupled with on-line monitoring to improve protein production and consistency. Extensive coverage of metabolic engineering on synthesis, folding, assembly, transiting and secretion is dealt with in the session on'Recombinant Proteins: Biosynthesis and Bioprocessing'. Two traditional but expanding areas of animal cell technology relevance are highlighted in the broad sessions of'Animal Cells as Tools for Discovery and Testing'and'Animal Cell Vaccines: Present and Future'. Two sessions finally cover the more recent domains of animal cell technology work -'Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Devices'and'Cells and Vectors for Genetic Medicine'- where one can foresee a very bright future.
- Published
- 2012
14. What's in a name? Consumer perceptions of in vitro meat under different names.
- Author
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Bryant, Christopher J. and Barnett, Julie C.
- Subjects
- *
IN vitro meat , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *MEAT industry , *CONSUMER behavior , *COLLECTIVE representation , *RESEARCH , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *RESEARCH methodology , *EVALUATION research , *FOOD science , *FOOD preferences , *COMPARATIVE studies , *TERMS & phrases , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
In vitro meat (IVM) grown from animal cells is approaching commercial viability. This technology could enable consumers to circumvent the ethical and environmental issues associated with meat-eating. However, consumer acceptance of IVM is uncertain, and is partly dependent on how the product is framed. This study investigated the effect of different names for IVM on measures of consumer acceptance. Participants (N = 185) were allocated to one of four conditions in an experimental design in which the product name was manipulated to be 'clean meat', 'cultured meat', 'animal free meat', or 'lab grown meat'. Participants gave word associations and measures of their attitudes and behavioural intentions towards the product. The results indicated that those in the 'clean meat' and 'animal free meat' conditions had significantly more positive attitudes towards IVM than those in the 'lab grown meat' condition, and those in the 'clean meat' condition had significantly more positive behavioural intentions towards IVM compared to those in the 'lab grown meat' condition. Mediation analyses indicated that the valence of associations accounted for a significant amount of the observed differences, suggesting that anchoring can explain these differences. We discuss these results in the context of social representations theory and give recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A transient helix in the disordered region of dynein light intermediate chain links the motor to structurally diverse adaptors for cargo transport.
- Author
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Celestino, Ricardo, Henen, Morkos A., Gama, José B., Carvalho, Cátia, McCabe, Maxwell, Barbosa, Daniel J., Born, Alexandra, Nichols, Parker J., Carvalho, Ana X., Gassmann, Reto, and Vögeli, Beat
- Subjects
- *
DYNEIN , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *MICROTUBULES , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance , *BINDING site assay , *PROTEINS , *CAENORHABDITIS elegans , *POINT mutation (Biology) - Abstract
All animal cells use the motor cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein) to transport diverse cargo toward microtubule minus ends and to organize and position microtubule arrays such as the mitotic spindle. Cargo-specific adaptors engage with dynein to recruit and activate the motor, but the molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we use structural and dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis to demonstrate that the C-terminal region of human dynein light intermediate chain 1 (LIC1) is intrinsically disordered and contains two short conserved segments with helical propensity. NMR titration experiments reveal that the first helical segment (helix 1) constitutes the main interaction site for the adaptors Spindly (SPDL1), bicaudal D homolog 2 (BICD2), and Hook homolog 3 (HOOK3). In vitro binding assays show that helix 1, but not helix 2, is essential in both LIC1 and LIC2 for binding to SPDL1, BICD2, HOOK3, RAB-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), RAB11 family-interacting protein 3 (RAB11FIP3), ninein (NIN), and trafficking kinesin-binding protein 1 (TRAK1). Helix 1 is sufficient to bind RILP, whereas other adaptors require additional segments preceding helix 1 for efficient binding. Point mutations in the C-terminal helix 1 of Caenorhabditis elegans LIC, introduced by genome editing, severely affect development, locomotion, and life span of the animal and disrupt the distribution and transport kinetics of membrane cargo in axons of mechanosensory neurons, identical to what is observed when the entire LIC C-terminal region is deleted. Deletion of the C-terminal helix 2 delays dynein-dependent spindle positioning in the one-cell embryo but overall does not significantly perturb dynein function. We conclude that helix 1 in the intrinsically disordered region of LIC provides a conserved link between dynein and structurally diverse cargo adaptor families that is critical for dynein function in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Microtubule nucleation and organization without centrosomes.
- Author
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Yi, Peishan and Goshima, Gohta
- Subjects
- *
MICROTUBULES , *NUCLEATION , *CENTROSOMES , *PLANT cells & tissues , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology - Abstract
Highlights • Distinct cytoplasmic MTOCs are characterized in various plant cells. • Cytoplasmic MTOCs participate in spindle bipolarity initiation and orientation. • General mechanism of microtubule-dependent microtubule nucleation is elucidated. • Microtubule minus-end-tracking protein that stabilizes the end is identified. Centrosomes play various critical roles in animal cells such as microtubule nucleation and stabilization, mitotic spindle morphogenesis, and spindle orientation. Land plants have lost centrosomes and yet must execute many of these functions. Recent studies have revealed the crucial roles played by morphologically distinct cytoplasmic microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in initiating spindle bipolarity and maintaining spindle orientation robustness. These MTOCs resemble centrosomes in many aspects, implying an evolutionary divergence of MT-organizing structures in plants. However, their functions rely on conserved nucleation and amplification mechanisms, indicating a similarity in MT network establishment between animals and plants. Moreover, recent characterization of a plant-specific MT minus-end tracking protein suggests that plants have developed functionally equivalent modules to stabilize and organize MTs at minus ends. These findings support the theory that plants overcome centrosome loss by utilizing modified but substantially conserved mechanisms to organize MT networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Biological effects of the EMF influence on animal cells and tissues in in vitro cultures - a summary of own research.
- Author
-
KOZIOROWSKA, Anna
- Subjects
ELECTROMAGNETIC fields ,MAGNETIC field measurements ,ANIMAL cell biotechnology ,MAGNETIC induction tomography ,EDDY current testing - Abstract
Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Therapeutic Applications of Cell Microencapsulation
- Author
-
Jose Luis Pedraz, Gorka Orive, Jose Luis Pedraz, and Gorka Orive
- Subjects
- Immobilized cells, Animal cell biotechnology, Microencapsulation
- Abstract
The advancement of science is ever more contingent upon the interaction of experts vast amount of scientific information being gathered every day that exceeds the ability of any one scientist to acquire. As an illustration of the frantic pace of scientific disc- more acute in the case of scientific fields at the interface of different and seemingly distant areas of study. Amidst these, the field of cell encapsulation brings together an array of diverse disciplines such as molecular biology and biopolymers, gene therapy and inorganic membranes, stem cell biology and physicochemistry, immunology and nanotechnology. Clearly, such range of topics is too broad for any individual scientist the state-of-the-art in the field of cell encapsulation. At the core of this technology, there is an interaction of physicochemical and biological elements forming three distinct layers of complexity. First, the chemistry of the biopolymer dictates the degree of protein adsorption, vascularization, tox- ity and biocompatibility of the microcapsules. Advances in biopolymer science are providing solutions to overcome existing challenges and to improve microcapsules as delivery vehicles. Second, the choice of cells, and more precisely the plethora of in determining the immune response elicited by the host to implanted microcapsules.
- Published
- 2010
19. Reproductive functions in Desmodus rotundus: A comparison between seasons in a morphological context.
- Author
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Souza, Ana Cláudia Ferreira, Santos, Felipe Couto, Bastos, Daniel Silva Sena, Sertorio, Marcela Nascimento, Teixeira, João Paulo Gusmão, Fernandes, Kenner Morais, and Machado-Neves, Mariana
- Subjects
- *
DESMODUS rotundus , *MENSTRUAL cycle , *EPIDIDYMIS , *EARTH sciences , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology - Abstract
Reproductive seasonality in Neotropical bats has been assessed to the better understand their reproductive behavior. This knowledge is especially important for the control of Desmodus rotundus population as it is a transmitter of rabies virus. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the functional activity of testis and epididymis of D. rotundus in dry and rainy seasons under a morphological approach. We observed an increase in tubular diameter and epithelial height of the seminiferous tubules during the rainy season. In the latter, additionally, stereological analysis of the testis showed increased proportion of seminiferous epithelium and reduced percentage of lumen. The sperm number in caput/corpus epididymis increased in rainy season, whereas sperm count and transit time were reduced in cauda region. These alterations were probably related to the recovery of epithelium activities after mating season in dry season. Despite altered nuclear and cytoplasm parameters of Leydig cells between seasons, the volume and number of these cells were constant. Moreover, no change in serum testosterone levels, daily sperm production, and apoptotic index were observed, which indicates that the reproductive pattern in D. rotundus does not change between seasons. Our study offers a baseline for the management of vampire bat population as an attempt to control rabies disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Cardiologist Trades Stem Cells for Cell-Based Meat.
- Author
-
Voelker, Rebecca
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *MEAT , *FOOD science , *HISTORY of cardiology , *IN vitro meat , *HISTORY , *STEM cells , *BIOTECHNOLOGY , *ANIMALS - Abstract
Beef and poultry grown from animal cells rather than sourced from whole animals could be the future of meat production, a cardiologist-turned-biotech entrepreneur says in this Medical News article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The exquisitely cooperative nature of Orail channel activation.
- Author
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Priscilla See-Wai Yeung and Prakriya, Murali
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *ENDOPLASMIC reticulum , *PROTEIN analysis , *GENE expression , *LIGAND analysis - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. COPII-dependent ER export in animal cells: adaptation and control for diverse cargo.
- Author
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McCaughey, Janine and Stephens, David J.
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *ENDOPLASMIC reticulum , *PROTEINS , *EXTRACELLULAR matrix , *MOLECULES - Abstract
The export of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum is fundamental to the ongoing maintenance of cell and tissue structure and function. After co-translational translocation into the ER, proteins destined for downstream intracellular compartments or secretion from the cell are sorted and packaged into transport vesicles by the COPII coat protein complex. The fundamental discovery and characterization of the pathway has now been augmented by a greater understanding of the role of COPII in diverse aspects of cell function. We now have a deep understanding of how COPII contributes to the trafficking of diverse cargoes including extracellular matrix molecules, developmental signalling proteins, and key metabolic factors such as lipoproteins. Structural and functional studies have shown that the COPII coat is both highly flexible and subject to multiple modes of regulation. This has led to new discoveries defining roles of COPII in development, autophagy, and tissue organization. Many of these newly emerging features of the canonical COPII pathway are placed in a context of procollagen secretion because of the fundamental interest in how a coat complex that typically generates 80-nm transport vesicles can package a cargo reported to be over 300 nm. Here we review the current understanding of COPII and assess the current consensus on its role in packaging diverse cargo proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Cytotoxic and glycosaminoglycan priming activities of novel 4-anilinequinazoline β-D-xylosides.
- Author
-
Wang, Jinpeng, Chang, Yajing, Dong, Xueyang, Zhang, Renshuai, Tang, Yang, Zhang, Meng, Yu, Rilei, Jiang, Tao, and Zhang, Lijuan
- Subjects
- *
AGLYCONES , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS , *CELL-mediated cytotoxicity , *LAPATINIB - Abstract
β-D-xylosides with cytotoxic aglycones have augmented cytotoxicity towards animal cells because β-D-xyloside-primed glycosaminoglycans further enhance the aglycone's cytotoxicity. In this study, we designed and synthesized different 4-anilinequinazoline β-D-xylosides and found that compounds 7–10 possessing 3-chloro-4-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)aniline group as in anticancer drug lapatinib also primed glycosaminoglycans and were highly cytotoxic to cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Classification of red blood cell shapes in flow using outlier tolerant machine learning.
- Author
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Kihm, Alexander, Kaestner, Lars, Wagner, Christian, and Quint, Stephan
- Subjects
- *
IMAGE processing , *DATA modeling , *BODY fluids , *CYTOLOGY , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology - Abstract
The manual evaluation, classification and counting of biological objects demands for an enormous expenditure of time and subjective human input may be a source of error. Investigating the shape of red blood cells (RBCs) in microcapillary Poiseuille flow, we overcome this drawback by introducing a convolutional neural regression network for an automatic, outlier tolerant shape classification. From our experiments we expect two stable geometries: the so-called ‘slipper’ and ‘croissant’ shapes depending on the prevailing flow conditions and the cell-intrinsic parameters. Whereas croissants mostly occur at low shear rates, slippers evolve at higher flow velocities. With our method, we are able to find the transition point between both ‘phases’ of stable shapes which is of high interest to ensuing theoretical studies and numerical simulations. Using statistically based thresholds, from our data, we obtain so-called phase diagrams which are compared to manual evaluations. Prospectively, our concept allows us to perform objective analyses of measurements for a variety of flow conditions and to receive comparable results. Moreover, the proposed procedure enables unbiased studies on the influence of drugs on flow properties of single RBCs and the resulting macroscopic change of the flow behavior of whole blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A simplified implementation of the stationary liquid mass balance method for on‐line OUR monitoring in animal cell cultures.
- Author
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Fontova, Andreu, Lecina, Martí, López‐Repullo, Jonatan, Martínez‐Monge, Iván, Comas, Pere, Bragós, Ramon, and Cairó, Jordi Joan
- Subjects
CELL culture ,DISSOLVED oxygen in water ,ANIMAL cell biotechnology ,GAS analysis equipment ,BATCH reactors - Abstract
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with other methods, the stationary liquid mass balance method for oxygen uptake rate (OUR) determination offers advantages in terms of estimation accuracy and reduction of stress. However, the need for sophisticated instrumentation, like mass flow controllers and gas analysers, has historically limited wider implementation of such a method. In this paper, a new simplified method based on inexpensive valves for the continuous estimation of OUR in animal cell cultures is evaluated. The determination of OUR values is based on accurate operation of the dissolved oxygen (DO) control loop and monitoring of its internal variables. RESULTS: The method developed was tested empirically in 2 L bioreactor HEK293 batch cultures. OUR profiles obtained by a dynamic method, global mass balance method and the developed simplified method were monitored and compared. The results show how OUR profile obtained with the proposed method better follows the off‐line cell density determination. The OUR estimation frequency was also increased, improving the method capabilities and applications. The theoretical rationale of the method was extended to the sensitivity analysis which was analytically and numerically approached. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the proposed method to be not only cheap, but also a reliable alternative to monitor the metabolic activity in bioreactors in many biotechnological processes, being a useful tool for high cell density culture strategies implementation based on OUR monitoring. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. 动物细胞悬浮培养过程神经网络逆解耦控制.
- Author
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黄永红, 成小东, 孙玉坤, and 吴红生
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,ANIMAL cell biotechnology ,SUSPENSIONS (Chemistry) ,INVERSE functions ,MATHEMATICAL decoupling - Abstract
Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Experimental and CFD physical characterization of animal cell bioreactors: From micro- to production scale.
- Author
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Villiger, Thomas K., Neunstoecklin, Benjamin, Karst, Daniel J., Lucas, Eric, Stettler, Matthieu, Broly, Hervé, Morbidelli, Massimo, and Soos, Miroslav
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *BIOREACTORS , *HYDRODYNAMICS , *MASS transfer coefficients , *CELL culture - Abstract
Transfer of mammalian cell culture processes across stirred and aerated bioreactor scales is a delicate task, frequently leading to different conditions across scales. To provide a more rational reasoning behind scale-up of mammalian cell cultures, physical characterization of bioreactors with working volumes of 15 mL, 3 L, 270 L, 5′000 L and 15′000 L was carried out using a combination of computational and experimental methods. Maximum hydrodynamic stress, mixing time and oxygen mass transfer coefficients were experimentally determined for all bioreactor scales. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations based on Reynolds-averaged Navier‐Stokes equation coupled with bubble size population balance equations were used to determine local as well as average hydrodynamic stresses and mass transfer coefficients. Furthermore, mixing times were determined by simulated tracer experiments. All calculations are well in agreement with experimentally measured values, thereby providing a validation of the CFD simulations. This integrated experimental and modeling methodology represents a valuable tool for a Quality-by-Design approach enabling the transfer of mammalian cell cultures in-between reactor scales, even for geometrically different reactors. Additionally, this study provides a rational framework to transfer an operating space developed at small scale to larger scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Antia, Imeobong U., Mathew, Kurian, Yagnik, Darshna R., Hills, Frank A., and Shah, Ajit J.
- Subjects
- *
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS , *DISACCHARIDES , *EXTRACELLULAR matrix , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *CELL membranes - Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. To elucidate the mechanism of action of these molecules, it is essential to quantify their disaccharide composition. Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. Here we report a pre-column LC-MS method for the quantification of GAG disaccharide subunits. Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. The resulting subunits were derivatised with procainamide, separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and detected using electrospray ionisation operated in positive ion mode. Eight HS disaccharides were separated and detected together with an internal standard. The limit of detection was found to be in the range 0.6-4.9 ng/mL. Analysis of HS extracted from all cell lines tested in this study revealed a significant variation in their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc. Some structural functional relationships are discussed demonstrating the viability of the pre-column method for studying GAG biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Integrating plant and animal biology for the search of novel DNA damage biomarkers.
- Author
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Nikitaki, Zacharenia, Holá, Marcela, Donà, Mattia, Pavlopoulou, Athanasia, Michalopoulos, Ioannis, Angelis, Karel J., Georgakilas, Alexandros G., Macovei, Anca, and Balestrazzi, Alma
- Subjects
- *
DNA damage , *RADIATION exposure , *EUKARYOTIC genomes , *PLANT cells & tissue analysis , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology - Abstract
Eukaryotic genome surveillance is dependent on the multiple, highly coordinated network functions of the DNA damage response (DDR). Highlighted conserved features of DDR in plants and animals represent a challenging opportunity to develop novel interdisciplinary investigations aimed at expanding the sets of DNA damage biomarkers currently available for radiation exposure monitoring (REM) in environmental and biomedical applications. In this review, common and divergent features of the most relevant DDR players in animals and plants are described, including the intriguing example of the plant and animal kingdom-specific master regulators SOG1 (suppressor of gamma response) and p53. The potential of chromatin remodelers as novel predictive biomarkers of DNA damage is considered since these highly evolutionarily conserved proteins provide a docking platform for the DNA repair machinery. The constraints of conventional REM biomarkers can be overcome using biomarkers identified with the help of the pool provided by high-throughput techniques. The complexity of radiation-responsive animal and plant transcriptomes and their usefulness as sources of novel REM biomarkers are discussed, focusing on ionizing (IR) and UV-radiation. The possible advantages resulting from the exploitation of plants as sources of novel DNA damage biomarkers for monitoring the response to radiation-mediated genotoxic stress are listed. Plants could represent an ideal system for the functional characterization of knockout mutations in DDR genes which compromise cell survival in animals. However, the pronounced differences between plant and animal cells need to be carefully considered in order to avoid any misleading interpretations. Radioresistant plant-based systems might be useful to explore the molecular bases of LD (low dose)/LDR (low dose rate) responses since nowadays it is extremely difficult to perform an accurate assessment of LD/LDR risk to human health. To overcome these constraints, researchers have started exploring radiotolerant non-human species as potential sources of information on the mechanisms involved in LD/LDR and general radiation responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Coming Soon to a Plate Near You.
- Author
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Egan, Sophie, Barbera, Brad, Sonnenburg, Erica D., Sonnenburg, Justin L., Merrigan, Kathleen, Iutzi, Fred, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Lee, Mike, Babineaux-Fontenot, Claire, and Smith, Sarah
- Subjects
SPECIALISTS ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,FOOD industry ,ANIMAL cell biotechnology ,NERVOUS system - Abstract
The article reflects on the views of nutrition and agriculture experts on the impact of transformative technologies, policies and products on food industry. Topics discussed include rise in the trend of cell-based meat industry; the impact of microbiome on immune function, metabolism and the nervous system; and the development of perennial grain crop.
- Published
- 2019
31. How Cells Transform Energy.
- Author
-
Lehninger, Albert L.
- Subjects
PLANT cells & tissues ,MITOCHONDRIA ,ORGANELLES ,CHLOROPLASTS ,PROTOPLASM ,ANIMAL cell biotechnology - Abstract
The article examines the process of transforming the energy of sunlight in the chloroplasts of plant cells into chemical fuels and the oxidation of such fuels in the mitochondria of animal cells to run the entire cellular system. Whenever the provision of an energy had ceased, a delicate structure of the cell inclines to devaluate to a disorganized condition. In cell transform energy, the chemical activity must preserve the completeness of their system to perform varied activities that forms the organisms life processes.
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Animal Cell Culture and Virology
- Author
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Sukhdeb Nandi and Sukhdeb Nandi
- Subjects
- Virology, Cell culture, Animal cell biotechnology, Insect cell biotechnology
- Abstract
The book is written in a very simple and lucid manner so that everybody can read and understand it very easily. The book is useful for scientists, teachers, students, officers, diagnosticians and laboratory technicians as cell culture has become an essential and indispensable tool in many branches of life sciences and application of cell culture is getting increased exponentially day by day in various fields of biological and medical research arena. This book will provide detailed information on all the aspects of the cell culture starting from establishment of a cell culture laboratory, primary culture, secondary culture, media filtration, collection, preservation and dispatch of samples for diagnosis of viral diseases, cell line authentication and characterization, contamination and curing, cryopreservation of cells and revival of cells besides description on ELISA, SNT, virus titration etc. In my opinion, this book will be extremely useful to the persons who are directly and indirectly involved in cell culture work for various biological experiments. Finally, students and examinees can enrich their knowledge on cell culture from the book and can face any challenge easily and confidently. s on the latest developments on biotechnological approaches for fish disease diagnostic, infection and immunity of brood carps, cryoconservation of fishes, probiotics and nanotechnology in aquaculture are of paramount interest, in addition to information on prawn aquaculture, ornamental fish farming and trade. Information on various software and their application for exploratory data analysis and data mining leading to knowledge discovery and visualization is the main attraction of the book. Another important feature of the book is that one can find appropriate as well as illustrated examples exclusively with fisheries data. The statistics section includes biometrical and qualitative techniques in genetics and selective breeding of fish, besides fundamental statistical test, design of experiments and sampling methods for planning of experiments and survey in fisheries and aquaculture research. The book also includes econometric approach for technical efficiency estimation and input-output analysis, project evaluation, and impact assessment, linear programming, market intelligence, fisheries legislation, policy and IPR issues all of which are new in the field of fisheries and aquaculture.
- Published
- 2009
33. Emerging Technology Platforms for Stem Cells
- Author
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Uma Lakshmipathy, Jonathan D. Chesnut, Bhaskar Thyagarajan, Uma Lakshmipathy, Jonathan D. Chesnut, and Bhaskar Thyagarajan
- Subjects
- Stem cells, Animal cell biotechnology, Stem cells--Therapeutic use
- Abstract
This book focuses on practical applications for using adult and embryonic stem cells in the pharmaceutical development process. It emphasizes new technologies to help overcome the bottlenecks in developing stem cells as therapeutic agents. A key reference for professionals working in stem cell science, it presents the general principles and methodologies in stem cell research and covers topics such as derivitization and characterization of stem cells, stem cell culture and maintenance, stem cell engineering, applications of high-throughput screening, and stem cell genetic modification with their use for drug delivery.
- Published
- 2009
34. Living robots made from frog skin cells get a design upgrade.
- Author
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Charles, Krista
- Subjects
- *
ROBOTS , *XENOPUS laevis , *XENOPUS , *MULTICELLULAR organisms , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology - Abstract
The article focuses on the creation of a microscopic living robot called Xenobots by Michael Levin and his colleagues at Tufts University in Massachusetts which can heal and power itself out of skin cells of Xenopus laevis. Topics discussed include how the xenobots were created, fundamental finding when one liberates skin cells from their normal context and gives them a chance to reimagine their multicellularity, and ethical concerns raised in previous attempts at creating living robots.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Manufacturing a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to meet global needs
- Author
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Sarah C. Gilbert, Scott Bruce, Daniel C. Smith, Sarah Davies, Carina Citra Dewi Joe, Adam Berg, Adam J. Ritchie, Daniel Pappas, Yuanyuan Li, Piergiuseppe Nestola, Maria Kapanidou, Amar Joshi, Paul Cashen, Gaurav Gupta, Raghavan Venkat, Alexander D. Douglas, Lee Davies, David O. Mainwaring, Mark Woodyer, Richard Turner, Daan Bormans, Jonathan Humphreys, Sofiya Fedosyuk, Catherine M. Green, Nick Smith, Dennis Verbart, Nitin Chopra, Nicole Bleckwenn, Teresa Lambe, Jinlin Jiang, Rameswara R Segireddy, Thomas Linke, Lisa Cooper, Byron Rees, and Carol Knevelman
- Subjects
COVID-19 Vaccines ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Drug Industry ,Pan troglodytes ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Chimpanzee adenovirus ,Bioengineering ,Animal Cell Biotechnology ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Article ,ARTICLES ,vaccine ,ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ,Pandemic ,Vaccine Development ,Process economics ,Escherichia coli ,Animals ,Humans ,Technology, Pharmaceutical ,Distributed manufacturing ,Geography ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Vaccination ,COVID-19 ,Limiting ,adenovirus ,HEK293 Cells ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Business ,distributed manufacturing ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Manufacturing has been the key factor limiting rollout of vaccination during the COVID‐19 pandemic, requiring rapid development and large‐scale implementation of novel manufacturing technologies. ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 (AZD1222, Vaxzevria) is an efficacious vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2, based upon an adenovirus vector. We describe the development of a process for the production of this vaccine and others based upon the same platform, including novel features to facilitate very large‐scale production. We discuss the process economics and the “distributed manufacturing” approach we have taken to provide the vaccine at globally‐relevant scale and with international security of supply. Together, these approaches have enabled the largest viral vector manufacturing campaign to date, providing a substantial proportion of global COVID‐19 vaccine supply at low cost., Well over a billion doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine developed by The University of Oxford and AstraZeneca have been produced and distributed at low cost. This represents a substantial proportion of global COVID‐19 vaccine supply to date, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The authors report on the development of the manufacturing process for the vaccine, and the process economics and distributed manufacturing approach involving bulk vaccine (drug substance) production on five continents.
- Published
- 2022
36. Lactoyl leucine and isoleucine are bioavailable alternatives for canonical amino acids in cell culture media
- Author
-
Yannick Rey, Gregor Wille, Aline Zimmer, Corinna Schmidt, Maria Wehsling, Markus Fischer, Dmitry Zabezhinsky, Alisa Schnellbaecher, and Maxime Le Mignon
- Subjects
medicine.drug_class ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Cystine ,Bioengineering ,CHO Cells ,Animal Cell Biotechnology ,Monoclonal antibody ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Article ,ARTICLES ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cricetulus ,enzymatic cleavage ,Leucine ,medicine ,Animals ,Isoleucine ,Tyrosine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,solubility ,Chinese hamster ovary cell ,bioprocesses ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,lactoyl‐ (iso)leucine ,Fusion protein ,Recombinant Proteins ,Culture Media ,Amino acid ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,cell culture media ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Increasing demands for protein‐based therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, bispecific molecules, and antibody fragments require researchers to constantly find innovative solutions. To increase yields and decrease costs of next generation bioprocesses, highly concentrated cell culture media formulations are developed but often limited by the low solubility of amino acids such as tyrosine, cystine, leucine, and isoleucine, in particular at physiological pH. This study sought to investigate highly soluble and bioavailable derivatives of leucine and isoleucine that are applicable for fed‐batch processes. N‐lactoyl‐leucine and N‐lactoyl‐isoleucine sodium salts were tested in cell culture media and proved to be beneficial to increase the overall solubility of cell culture media formulations. These modified amino acids proved to be bioavailable for various Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and were suitable for replacement of canonical amino acids in cell culture feeds. The quality of the final recombinant protein was studied in bioprocesses using the derivatives, and the mechanism of cleavage was investigated in CHO cells. Altogether, both N‐lactoyl amino acids represent an advantageous alternative to canonical amino acids to develop highly concentrated cell culture media formulations to support next generation bioprocesses., The replacement of leucine and isoleucine by N‐lactoyl amino acids in concentrated feeds enables the development of next generation fed‐batch bioprocesses used to produce monoclonal antibodies or recombinant proteins.
- Published
- 2021
37. Animal Cell Technology : From Biopharmaceuticals to Gene Therapy
- Author
-
Leda Castilho, Angela Moraes, Elisabeth Augusto, Mike Butler, Leda Castilho, Angela Moraes, Elisabeth Augusto, and Mike Butler
- Subjects
- Animal cell biotechnology, Cells, Cultured, Animals, Biotechnology, Cell Culture Techniques--veterinary
- Abstract
Animal Cell Technology: from Biopharmaceuticals to Gene Therapy provides a comprehensive insight into biological and engineering concepts related to mammalian and insect cell technology, as well as an overview of the applications of animal cell technology. Part 1 of the book covers the Fundamentals upon which this technology is based and covers the science underpinning the technology. Part 2 covers the Applications from the production of therapeutic proteins to gene therapy. The authors of the chapters are internationally-recognized in the field of animal cell culture research and have extensive experience in the areas covered in their respective chapters.
- Published
- 2008
38. Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase by 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro-3-hydroxy-2-phenylquinolin-4(1H)-one.
- Author
-
Šeflová, Jaroslava, Čechová, Petra, Biler, Michal, Hradil, Pavel, and Kubala, Martin
- Subjects
- *
ADENOSINE triphosphatase , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *MOLECULAR docking , *BINDING sites , *CYTOPLASM - Abstract
Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) is an enzyme of crucial importance for all animal cells. We examined the inhibitory effects of halogenated phenylquinolinones on NKA. The 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro-3-hydroxy-2-phenylquinolin-4(1 H )-one (TFHPQ) was identified as an efficient NKA inhibitor with IC 50 near 10 μM. The inhibition by TFHPQ is particularly efficient at higher concentrations of K + , where NKA adopts the E2 conformation. The experimental observations are in a good agreement with the outcomes from molecular docking. We identified an energetically favourable TFHPQ binding site for the K + -bound NKA, which is located in the proximity of the cytoplasmic C-terminus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Chondriokinesis during microsporogenesis in plants.
- Author
-
Tchórzewska, Dorota
- Subjects
PLANTS ,ANIMAL cell biotechnology ,KARYOKINESIS ,ORGANELLES ,CELL division - Abstract
Main conclusion : Chondriokinesis represents a highly orchestrated process of organelle rearrangement in all dividing plant and animal cells, ensuring a proper course of karyokinesis and cytokinesis. This process plays a key role in male gametophyte formation. Chondriokinesis is a regular rearrangement of cell organelles, assuring their regular inheritance, during both mitotic and meiotic divisions in plant and animal cells. The universal occurrence of the process implies its high conservatism and its probable origin at an early stage of plant evolution. The role of chondriokinesis is not only limited to segregation of cell organelles into daughter cells, but also prevention of fusion of karyokinetic spindles and delineation of the cell division plane. Thus, chondriokinesis plays an indispensable role in mitosis and meiosis as one of the various factors in harmonised cell division, being a key process in the formation of viable cells. Therefore, disturbances in this process often result in development of abnormal daughter cells. This has far-reaching consequences for the meiotic division, as emergence of abnormal generative cells impedes sexual reproduction in plants. This review is focused on microsporogenesis, because various plants exhibit a problem with sexual reproduction caused by male sterility. In this paper for the first time in almost 100 years, it is presented a compilation of data on chondriokinesis proceeding during microsporogenesis in plants, and providing view of the role, mechanism, and classification of this process in male gametophyte formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The centrosome as the main integrator of endothelial cell functional activity.
- Author
-
Shakhov, A. and Alieva, I.
- Subjects
- *
EPITHELIAL cells , *CENTROSOMES , *CELL physiology , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *ANIMAL biotechnology - Abstract
The centrosome is an intracellular structure of the animal cell responsible for organization of cytoplasmic microtubules. According to modern concepts, the centrosome is a very important integral element of the living cell whose functions are not limited to its ability to polymerize microtubules. The centrosome localization in the geometric center of the interphase cell, the high concentration of various regulatory proteins in this area, the centrosome-organized radial system of microtubules for intracellular transport by motor proteins, the centrosome involvement in the perception of external signals and their transmission-all these features make this cellular structure a unique regulation and distribution center managing dynamic morphology of the animal cell. In conjunction with the tissue-specific features of the centrosome structure, this suggests the direct involvement of the centrosome in execution of cell functions. This review discusses the involvement of the centrosome in the vital activity of endothelial cells, as well as its possible participation in the implementation of barrier function, the major function of endothelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Antivirals against animal viruses.
- Author
-
Villa, T.G., Feijoo-Siota, L., Rama, J.L.R., and Ageitos, J.M.
- Subjects
- *
ANTIVIRAL agents , *VIRAL replication , *CHEMICAL synthesis , *IMMUNE system , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology - Abstract
Antivirals are compounds used since the 1960s that can interfere with viral development. Some of these antivirals can be isolated from a variety of sources, such as animals, plants, bacteria or fungi, while others must be obtained by chemical synthesis, either designed or random. Antivirals display a variety of mechanisms of action, and while some of them enhance the animal immune system, others block a specific enzyme or a particular step in the viral replication cycle. As viruses are mandatory intracellular parasites that use the host’s cellular machinery to survive and multiply, it is essential that antivirals do not harm the host. In addition, viruses are continually developing new antiviral resistant strains, due to their high mutation rate, which makes it mandatory to continually search for, or develop, new antiviral compounds. This review describes natural and synthetic antivirals in chronological order, with an emphasis on natural compounds, even when their mechanisms of action are not completely understood, that could serve as the basis for future development of novel and/or complementary antiviral treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Reconciling Differences between Lipid Transfer in Free-Standing and Solid Supported Membranes: A Time-Resolved Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study.
- Author
-
Wah, Benny, Breidigan, Jeffrey M., Adams, Joseph, Horbal, Piotr, Garg, Sumit, Porcar, Lionel, and Perez-Salas, Ursula
- Subjects
- *
LIPID transfer protein , *NEUTRON scattering , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology - Abstract
Maintaining compositional lipid gradients across membranes in animal cells is essential to biological function, but what is the energetic cost to maintain these differences? It has long been recognized that studying the passive movement of lipids in membranes can provide insight into this toll. Confusingly the reported values of inter- and, particularly, intra-lipid transport rates of lipids in membranes show significant differences. To overcome this difficulty, biases introduced by experimental approaches have to be identified. The present study addresses the difference in the reported intramembrane transport rates of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) on flat solid supports (fast flipping) and in curved free-standing membranes (slow flipping). Two possible scenarios are potentially at play: one is the difference in curvature of the membranes studied and the other the presence (or not) of the support. Using DMPC vesicles and DMPC supported membranes on silica nanoparticles of different radii, we found that an increase in curvature (from a diameter of 30 nm to a diameter of 100 nm) does not change the rates significantly, differing only by factors of order 1. Additionally, we found that the exchange rates of DMPC in supported membranes are similar to the ones in vesicles. And as previously reported, we found that the activation energies for exchange on free-standing and supported membranes are similar (84 and 78 kJ/mol, respectively). However, DMPC's flip-flop rates increase significantly when in a supported membrane, surpassing the exchange rates and no longer limiting the exchange process. Although the presence of holes or cracks in supported membranes explains the occurrence of fast lipid flip-flop in many studies, in defect-free supported membranes we find that fast flip-flop is driven by the surface's induced disorder of the bilayer's acyl chain packing as evidenced from their broad melting temperature behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Monitoring of live chick embryo based on acoustic and vibration signals with a new semi-invasive technology
- Author
-
Liang, Sen, Liu, Jianwei, Zhang, ZS, and Li, Xuan
- Published
- 2011
44. Pigs with monkey cells born in China.
- Author
-
Page, Michael Le
- Subjects
- *
TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. , *ANIMAL cell biotechnology , *ANIMAL genetic engineering - Abstract
Experiment suggests it may not be feasible to grow transplant organs in animals [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
45. Oxidative stress‐alleviating strategies to improve recombinant protein production in CHO cells
- Author
-
Mikael Rørdam Andersen, Valentine Chevallier, and Laetitia Malphettes
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,antioxidant ,CHO ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Bioengineering ,Context (language use) ,Review ,CHO Cells ,cell engineering ,Animal Cell Biotechnology ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Antioxidants ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bioreactors ,Cricetulus ,Cricetinae ,010608 biotechnology ,medicine ,Animals ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Cell growth ,Chemistry ,Chinese hamster ovary cell ,Cell engineering ,Metabolism ,Recombinant Proteins ,Culture Media ,Cell biology ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Biopharmaceutical ,Oxidative stress ,Chinese hamster ovary cells ,Antioxidant ,Intracellular ,REVIEWS ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Large scale biopharmaceutical production of biologics relies on the overexpression of foreign proteins by cells cultivated in stirred tank bioreactors. It is well recognized and documented fact that protein overexpression may impact host cell metabolism and that factors associated with large scale culture, such as the hydrodynamic forces and inhomogeneities within the bioreactors, may promote cellular stress. The metabolic adaptations required to support the high‐level expression of recombinant proteins include increased energy production and improved secretory capacity, which, in turn, can lead to a rise of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated through the respiration metabolism and the interaction with media components. Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant response within the cells. Accumulation of intracellular ROS can interfere with the cellular activities and exert cytotoxic effects via the alternation of cellular components. In this context, strategies aiming to alleviate oxidative stress generated during the culture have been developed to improve cell growth, productivity, and reduce product microheterogeneity. In this review, we present a summary of the different approaches used to decrease the oxidative stress in Chinese hamster ovary cells and highlight media development and cell engineering as the main pathways through which ROS levels may be kept under control., Reactive oxygen species are generated during recombinant protein production using CHO cells and can lead to oxidative stress. Consequently, cell growth, productivity and product quality can be negatively impacted. In order to alleviate oxidative stress, two main strategies can be used: media development and cell engineering. This review gives an overview of the different approaches available in literature.
- Published
- 2019
46. Animal Cell Biotechnology : Methods and Protocols
- Author
-
Pörtner, Ralf and Pörtner, Ralf
- Subjects
- Animal cell biotechnology, Cell culture
- Abstract
Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition constitutes a comprehensive manual of state-of-the-art and new techniques for setting up mammalian cell lines for production of biopharmaceuticals, and for optimizing critical parameters for cell culture considering the whole cascade from lab to final production. The volume is divided into five parts that reflect the processes required for different stages of production. In Part I, basic techniques for establishment of production cell lines are addressed, especially transduction techniques, cells for gene therapy and antibody production. Part II addresses basic cultivation techniques, such as microcarrier culture and encapsulation. Part III covers cell characterization and analysis, including flow cytometric applications, NMR-based techniques, and biochemical and cytometric techniques. Part IV details cultivation techniques, such as disposable bioreactors, hollow fiber cell culture, fixed bed reactors, and configuration of bioreactors. Part V covers downstream techniques such as membrane filtration techniques, while Part VI describes special applications, including retroviral vectors. Animal Cell Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition provides a compendium of techniques for scientists in industrial and research laboratories that use mammalian cells for biotechnology purposes.
- Published
- 2007
47. Medicines From Animal Cell Culture
- Author
-
Glyn N. Stacey, John Davis, Glyn N. Stacey, and John Davis
- Subjects
- Recombinant proteins--Therapeutic use, Insect cell biotechnology, Stem cells--Transplantation, Animal cell biotechnology, Pharmaceutical biotechnology
- Abstract
Medicines from Animal Cell Culture focuses on the use of animal cell culture, which has been used to produce human and veterinary vaccines, interferon, monoclonal antibodies and genetically engineered products such as tPA and erythropoietin. It also addresses the recent dramatic expansion in cell-based therapies, including the use of live cells for tissue regeneration and the culture of stem cells. Medicines from Animal Cell Culture: Provides comprehensive descriptions of methods for cell culture and nutrition as well as the technologies for the preservation and characterisation of both the cells and the derived products Describes the preparation of stem cells and others for use in cell-based therapies – an area of burgeoning research Includes experimental examples to indicate expected results Covers regulatory issues from the UK, the EU and the USA and reviews how these are developing around the world Addresses the key issues of standardisation and validation with chapters on GLP and GMP for cell culture processes Delivering insight into the exciting world of biological medicines and directions for further investigation into specific topics, Medicines from Animal Cell Culture is an essential resource for researchers and technicians at all levels using cell culture within the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and biomedical industries. It is of value to laboratory managers in these industries and to all those interested in this topic alike.
- Published
- 2007
48. Principles of Tissue Engineering
- Author
-
Robert Lanza, Robert Langer, Joseph P. Vacanti, Robert Lanza, Robert Langer, and Joseph P. Vacanti
- Subjects
- Cultures (Biology), Biomedical materials, Biomedical engineering, Insect cell biotechnology, Animal cell biotechnology, Tissue engineering, Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc
- Abstract
First published in 1997, Principles of Tissue Engineering is the widely recognized definitive resource in the field. The third edition provides a much needed update of the rapid progress that has been achieved in the field, combining the prerequisites for a general understanding of tissue growth and development, the tools and theoretical information needed to design tissues and organs, as well as a presentation by the world's experts of what is currently known about each specific organ system. This edition includes greatly expanded focus on stem cells, including adult and embryonic stem cells and progenitor populations that may soon lead to new tissue engineering therapies for heart disease, diabetes, and a wide variety of other diseases that afflict humanity. This up-to-date coverage of stem cell biology and other emerging technologies is complemented by a series of new chapters on recent clinical experience in applying tissue engineering. The result is a comprehensive textbook that we believe will be useful to students and experts alike.New to this edition:•Includes new chapters on biomaterial-protein interactions, nanocomposite and three-dimensional scaffolds, skin substitutes, spinal cord, vision enhancement, and heart valves•Expanded coverage of adult and embryonic stem cells of the cardiovascular, hematopoietic, musculoskeletal, nervous, and other organ systems
- Published
- 2007
49. Intrapericardial Delivery of APA-Microcapsules as Promising Stem Cell Therapy Carriers in an Experimental Acute Myocardial Infarction Model
- Author
-
José Luis Pedraz, Jesús Ciriza, Verónica Crisóstomo, Albert Espona-Noguera, Claudia Báez-Díaz, Javier G. Casado, Helena Martín, Esther López, Virginia Blanco-Blázquez, Francisco M. Sánchez-Margallo, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BBT - Biomaterials, Biomecànica i Enginyeria de Teixits
- Subjects
Cardiac function curve ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Diastole ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Stimulation ,Cèl·lules animals -- Biotecnologia ,CDCs ,Article ,AMI ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,cardiovascular diseases ,Saline ,Ejection fraction ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Enginyeria biomèdica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,swine ,Stem-cell therapy ,Animal cell biotechnology ,medicine.disease ,APA ,AM ,microcapsules ,RS1-441 ,Infart de miocardi ,Cardiology ,intrapericardial ,business - Abstract
The administration of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is very promising. CDC encapsulation in alginate-poly-l-lysine-alginate (APA) could increase cell survival and adherence. The intrapericardial (IP) approach potentially achieves high concentrations of the therapeutic agent in the infarcted area. We aimed to evaluate IP therapy using a saline vehicle as a control (CON), a dose of 30 × 106 CDCs (CDCs) or APA microcapsules containing 30 × 106 CDCs (APA-CDCs) at 72 h in a porcine AMI model. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to determine the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), infarct size (IS), and indexed end diastolic and systolic volumes (EDVi, ESVi) pre- and 10 weeks post-injection. Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) was performed to test arrhythmia inducibility before euthanasia. Histopathological analysis was carried out afterwards. The IP infusion was successful in all animals. At 10 weeks, MRI revealed significantly higher LVEF in the APA-CDC group compared with CON. No significant differences were observed among groups in IS, EDVi, ESVi, PES and histopathological analyses. In conclusion, the IP injection of CDCs (microencapsulated or not) was feasible and safe 72 h post-AMI in the porcine model. Moreover, CDCs APA encapsulation could have a beneficial effect on cardiac function, reflected by a higher LVEF at 10 weeks.
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- 2021
50. Transferencia de masa como parámetro de escalamiento de cultivo de una línea celular CHO para la producción de anticuerpos monoclonales
- Author
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Bello Hernández, Andrés Javier, Godoy Silva, Rubén Darío, and Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos
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Células productoras de anticuerpos ,629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería [620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines] ,Cultivo de células CHO ,Células de mamífero ,Bioreactor ,Escalado de Bioreactores ,Volumetric mass transfer coefficient ,Biotecnología celular animal ,Animal cell biotechnology ,Coeficiente volumétrico de transferencia de masa ,Mammalian cell cultures ,Antibody-producing cells - Abstract
ilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, tablas Actualmente, los anticuerpos monoclonales (mAbs) corresponden al segmento más importante en el mercado de productos biotecnológicos con efecto terapéutico. La síntesis a escala industrial de este tipo de proteínas recombinantes se lleva a cabo en biorreactores empleando líneas celulares provenientes de un mamífero, las cuales son modificadas genéticamente para incluir dentro de su metabolismo la síntesis del mAb. Para comprender mejor la manera en la que estas células deben ser cultivadas, se realizan ensayos a escala laboratorio, en las cuales se determinan las condiciones más apropiadas para la producción en el biorreactor a escala industrial. Dentro de los retos más desafiantes en términos técnicos a replicar en reactores a escalas mayores a las del laboratorio se encuentra la velocidad de transferencia de masa de oxígeno. Este gas es vital para el cultivo de las células de mamífero dado su rol en la respiración, por lo tanto, en la obtención de energía para la vida celular. No obstante, dada la baja solubilidad del oxígeno en el agua, es necesario agitar y/o burbujear el medio de cultivo, y así, el gas se solubilizará más rápido en el líquido. La presente tesis de maestría evaluó la cinética del crecimiento, consumo de sustratos y síntesis de coproductos por una línea parental celular de Ovario de Hámster Chino en dos geometrías de cultivo, Erlenmeyer y Spinner. Con el fin de comparar los resultados en las dos configuraciones de biorreactores, se definieron las condiciones de operación (agitación y burbujeo) de manera tal que la velocidad de transferencia de oxígeno fuera igual en las dos geometrías. (Texto tomado de la fuente) Nowadays, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) correspond to the most important segment in the market for biotechnological products with therapeutic effects. The synthesis of this type of recombinant proteins on an industrial scale is carried out in bioreactors using mammalian cell lines, which are genetically modified to include mAb synthesis within their metabolism. To better understand the way in which these cells should be cultured, tests are carried out on a laboratory scale, in which the conditions for production in the bioreactor on an industrial scale are determined rather. Assuring an adequate oxygen mass transfer rate is one of the most demanding challenges in technical terms to be replicated in reactors on larger scales than laboratory vessels. This gas is vital for the cultivation of mammalian cells given its role in respiration, and thus, in obtaining energy for cellular life. Nonetheless, since oxygen is sparingly soluble in water, it is necessary to stir and/or bubble the culture medium, for increasing the solubilization rate of the gas in the liquid. In this master's thesis, the kinetics of growth, consumption of substrates and synthesis of co-products by a parental cell line of Chinese Hamster Ovary were evaluated in two culture geometries, Erlenmeyer and Spinner. In order to compare the results in the two bioreactor configurations, the operating conditions (stirring and bubbling) were defined in such a way that the oxygen transfer rate was the same in the two geometries. Doctorado Magíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química Bioprocesos
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- 2021
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