21 results on '"Anik Karan"'
Search Results
2. Biochemical and Computational Assessment of Acute Phase Proteins in Dairy Cows Affected with Subclinical Mastitis
- Author
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Aarif Ali, Muneeb U. Rehman, Saima Mushtaq, Sheikh Bilal Ahmad, Altaf Khan, Anik Karan, Amir Bashir Wani, Showkat Ahmad Ganie, and Manzoor Ur Rahman Mir
- Subjects
subclinical mastitis ,somatic cell count ,acute phase proteins ,principal component analysis ,computational approaches ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a predominant form of mastitis wherein major visible signs of disease are absent. The present study aimed to determine acute phase proteins (APPs) like ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and microalbumin (Malb) in 135 composite milk and serum samples of healthy (n = 25) and SCM (n = 110) cows. As bovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease, the present study also aimed at finding novel anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources by repurposing approach using computational studies. The findings of the present study revealed substantial elevation (p < 0.001) in milk SCC and an increase in ferritin, CRP, and Malb (p < 0.001) in milk and sera of the SCM group as compared to healthy animals. Receiver operating characteristics of milk SCC, milk, and serum APPs unraveled statistically substantial alteration (p < 0.001). Further, SCC was correlated with milk APPs ferritin (r = 0.26 **, p < 0.002), CRP (r = 0.19 *, p < 0.02), and Malb (r = 0.21 *, p < 0.01). Additionally, milk SCC was correlated with serum ferritin (r = 0.28 **, p < 0.001), CRP (r = 0.16, p > 0.05), and Malb (r = 0.16, p > 0.05). The findings of molecular docking revealed that Chaetoglobosin U was the most effective molecule that showed the highest binding affinity (kcal/mol) of −10.1 and −8.5 against ferritin and albumin. The present study concluded that the estimation of cow-side tests, SCC, and APPs in milk/serum is suitable to detect SCM and screening herd community. Furthermore, Chaetoglobosin U could be developed as a promising anti-inflammatory inhibitor; however, further studies are required to validate these findings.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Nitric Oxide: Physiological Functions, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications
- Author
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Syed Muntazir Andrabi, Navatha Shree Sharma, Anik Karan, S. M. Shatil Shahriar, Brent Cordon, Bing Ma, and Jingwei Xie
- Subjects
biomedical applications ,delivery ,donors ,nitric oxide ,physiological functions ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that has a central role in signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g., vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor growth). Due to its gaseous form, NO has a short half‐life, and its physiology role is concentration dependent, often restricting its function to a target site. Providing NO from an external source is beneficial in promoting cellular functions and treatment of different pathological conditions. Hence, the multifaceted role of NO in physiology and pathology has garnered massive interest in developing strategies to deliver exogenous NO for the treatment of various regenerative and biomedical complexities. NO‐releasing platforms or donors capable of delivering NO in a controlled and sustained manner to target tissues or organs have advanced in the past few decades. This review article discusses in detail the generation of NO via the enzymatic functions of NO synthase as well as from NO donors and the multiple biological and pathological processes that NO modulates. The methods for incorporating of NO donors into diverse biomaterials including physical, chemical, or supramolecular techniques are summarized. Then, these NO‐releasing platforms are highlighted in terms of advancing treatment strategies for various medical problems.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A Spectrum of Solutions: Unveiling Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Manage Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Author
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Arunima Mondal, Rashi Sharma, Umme Abiha, Faizan Ahmad, Anik Karan, Richard L. Jayaraj, and Vaishnavi Sundar
- Subjects
neurodevelopmental disorder ,ASD ,neurotherapeutics ,nutritional therapy ,microbiome ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that causes difficulty while socializing and communicating and the performance of stereotyped behavior. ASD is thought to have a variety of causes when accompanied by genetic disorders and environmental variables together, resulting in abnormalities in the brain. A steep rise in ASD has been seen regardless of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical therapeutic techniques. Therefore, using complementary and alternative therapies to treat autism could be very significant. Thus, this review is completely focused on non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions which include different diets, supplements, antioxidants, hormones, vitamins and minerals to manage ASD. Additionally, we also focus on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, herbal remedies, camel milk and cannabiodiol. Additionally, we concentrate on how palatable phytonutrients provide a fresh glimmer of hope in this situation. Moreover, in addition to phytochemicals/nutraceuticals, it also focuses on various microbiomes, i.e., gut, oral, and vaginal. Therefore, the current comprehensive review opens a new avenue for managing autistic patients through non-pharmacological intervention.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Advances in Modeling Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro
- Author
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Navatha Shree Sharma, Anik Karan, Donghee Lee, Zheng Yan, and Jingwei Xie
- Subjects
Alzheimer's disease ,in vitro models ,microfluidics ,neurospheroids ,organoids ,scaffolds ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment, thereby disrupting the performance of daily activities. Numerous therapeutics have shown efficacy in animal AD models but failed in human patients. The key to understanding the etiology of AD lies in the development of effective disease models, which can ideally recapitulate all characteristics of the disease. Over the years, different approaches including in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models are able to resemble certain features of AD. In this review, the significance of different in vitro models including their merits and limitations in modeling AD is discussed, which will give a better perspective on the development of a comprehensive model that can mimic human AD. This starts with a brief introduction to AD and its pathology. Then it mainly focuses on the two‐dimensional, three‐dimensional and microfluidic in vitro models of AD that have made significant advancements in understanding AD pathology and aiding in screening effective therapeutics. Several 3D neural tissue engineering models developed in the last two decades along with a discussion on the future prospects in the development of efficient in vitro AD models are further highlighted.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Electrostatic flocking of salt-treated microfibers and nanofiber yarns for regenerative engineering
- Author
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Alec McCarthy, Kossi Loic M. Avegnon, Phil A. Holubeck, Demi Brown, Anik Karan, Navatha Shree Sharma, Johnson V. John, Shelbie Weihs, Jazmin Ley, and Jingwei Xie
- Subjects
Electrostatic flocking ,Microfibers ,Nanofiber yarns ,Wound healing ,Artificial vertebral disc ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Electrostatic flocking is a textile technology that employs a Coulombic driving force to launch short fibers from a charging source towards an adhesive-covered substrate, resulting in a dense array of aligned fibers perpendicular to the substrate. However, electrostatic flocking of insulative polymeric fibers remains a challenge due to their insufficient charge accumulation. We report a facile method to flock electrostatically insulative poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microfibers (MFs) and electrospun PCL nanofiber yarns (NFYs) by incorporating NaCl during pre-flock processing. Both MF and NFY were evaluated for flock functionality, mechanical properties, and biological responses. To demonstrate this platform's diverse applications, standalone flocked NFY and MF scaffolds were synthesized and evaluated as scaffold for cell growth. Employing the same methodology, scaffolds made from poly(glycolide-co-l-lactide) (PGLA) (90:10) MFs were evaluated for their wound healing capacity in a diabetic mouse model. Further, a flock-reinforced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) disc was fabricated to create an anisotropic artificial vertebral disc (AVD) replacement potentially used as a treatment for lumbar degenerative disc disease. Overall, a salt-based flocking method is described with MFs and NFYs, with wound healing and AVD repair applications presented.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Immunomodulatory Potential of Copper and Silver Based Self-Assembled Metal Organic Biohybrids Nanomaterials in Cancer Theranostics
- Author
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Neela Prajapati, Anik Karan, Elnaz Khezerlou, and Mark A. DeCoster
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Copper/silver nano particles ,nitric oxide ,glioma ,brain microvascular endothelial cells ,tumor microenvironment ,inflammatory stimulus ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Copper high aspect ratio structures (CuHARS) and silver cystine nanoparticles (AgCysNPs) are two unique micro/nano particles under study here that show extensive anti-cancer effects on a glioma tumor cell line. These micro/nano particles have shown potent toxicity in the presence of inflammatory stimulus (combination of tumor necrosis factor, [TNF] and lipo-polysaccharide, LPS). CuHARS with a concentration of 20 μg/ml uniquely increased the catalytic generation of nitric oxide (NO), an important contributor in the immune system. This NO was generated in a cell culture tumor microenvironment (TME) in the presence of 25 µM S-nitrosothiol (cysteine-NO) and the inflammatory stimulus. CuHARS increased the NO production by 68.75% when compared to untreated glioma cells with CysNO and inflammatory stimulus. The production of NO was significantly higher under similar circumstances in the case of normal primary structural cells like brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs). The production of NO by BMVECs went up by 181.25% compared to glioma cells. This significant increase in the NO concentration could have added up to tumorigenesis but the anti-cancer effect of CuHARS was prominent enough to lower down the viability of glioma cells by approximately 20% and increased the metabolism of structural cells, BMVECs by approximately 200%. The immunomodulatory effect of NO in the TME under these circumstances in the presence of the novel micro/nano material, CuHARS has risen up compared to the effect of inflammatory stimulus alone. The potency and specific nature of these materials toward tumor cells may make them suitable candidates for cancer treatment. Successive treatment of CuHARS to glioma cells also proved to be an effective approach considering the decrease in the total count of cells by 11.84 fold in case of three successive treatments compared to a single dose which only decreased the cell count by 2.45 fold showing the dose-dependent increasing toxicity toward glioma cells. AgCysNPs are another potent nanomaterial which also proved its significant toxic nature toward tumor cell lines as demonstrated here, but their immunomodulatory response is still unclear and needs to be explored further.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Morphological Changes in Astrocytes by Self-Oxidation of Dopamine to Polydopamine and Quantification of Dopamine through Multivariate Regression Analysis of Polydopamine Images
- Author
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Anik Karan, Elnaz Khezerlou, Farnaz Rezaei, Leon Iasemidis, and Mark A. DeCoster
- Subjects
astrocyte ,polydopamine ,dopamine ,neurotransmitter ,image analysis ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Astrocytes, also known as astroglia, are important cells for the structural support of neurons as well as for biochemical balance in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the polymerization of dopamine (DA) to polydopamine (PDA) and its effect on astrocytes was investigated. The polymerization of DA, being directly proportional to the DA concentration, raises the prospect of detecting DA concentration from PDA optically using image-processing techniques. It was found here that DA, a naturally occurring neurotransmitter, significantly altered astrocyte cell number, morphology, and metabolism, compared to astrocytes in the absence of DA. Along with these effects on astrocytes, the polymerization of DA to PDA was tracked optically in the same cell culture wells. This polymerization process led to a unique methodology based on multivariate regression analysis that quantified the concentration of DA from optical images of astrocyte cell culture media. Therefore, this developed methodology, combined with conventional imaging equipment, could be used in place of high-end and expensive analytical chemistry instruments, such as spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence techniques, for quantification of the concentration of DA after polymerization to PDA under in vitro and potentially in vivo conditions.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Self-Assembled Metal–Organic Biohybrids (MOBs) Using Copper and Silver for Cell Studies
- Author
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Neha Karekar, Anik Karan, Elnaz Khezerlou, Neela Prajapati, Chelsea D. Pernici, Teresa A. Murray, and Mark A. DeCoster
- Subjects
self-assembly ,amino acid ,copper-containing high-aspect ratio structures (CuHARS) ,silver nanoparticles ,anti-cancer ,cystine-capped nanoparticles ,functionalization ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The novel synthesis of metal-containing biohybrids using self-assembly methods at physiological temperatures (37 °C) was compared for copper and silver using the amino acid dimer cystine. Once assembled, the copper containing biohybrid is a stable, high-aspect ratio structure, which we call CuHARS. Using the same synthesis conditions, but replacing copper with silver, we have synthesized cystine-capped silver nanoparticles (AgCysNPs), which are shown here to form stable colloid solutions in contrast to the CuHARS, which settle out from a 1 mg/mL solution in 90 min. Both the copper and silver biohybrids, as synthesized, demonstrate very low agglomeration which we have applied for the purpose of applications with cell culture methods, namely, for testing as anti-cancer compounds. AgCysNPs (1000 ng/mL) demonstrated significant toxicity (only 6.8% viability) to glioma and neuroblastoma cells in vitro, with concentrations as low as 20 ng/mL causing some toxicity. In contrast, CuHARS required at least 5 μg/mL. For comparative purposes, silver sulfate at 100 ng/mL decreased viability by 52% and copper sulfate at 100 ng/mL only by 19.5% on glioma cells. Using these methods, the novel materials were tested here as metal−organic biohybrids (MOBs), and it is anticipated that the functionalization and dynamics of MOBs may result in building a foundation of new materials for cellular applications, including cell engineering of both normal and diseased cells and tissue constructs.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Management
- Author
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Anik Karan, Johnson V. John, Jingwei Xie, and Alec McCarthy
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Pain relief ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Article ,Biomaterials ,Wound management ,Electrospun nanofibers ,Hemostasis ,Materials Chemistry ,Medicine ,business ,Wound healing ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers show great potential in biomedical applications. This mini review article traces the recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for wound management via various approaches. Initially, we provide a short note on the four phases of wound healing, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Then, we state how the nanofiber dressings can stop bleeding and reduce the pain. Following that, we discuss the delivery of therapeutics and cells using different types of nanofibers for enhancing cell migration, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization, resulting in the promotion of wound healing. Finally, we present the conclusions and future perspectives regarding the use of electrospun nanofibers for wound management.
- Published
- 2023
11. Biochemical and Computational Assessment of Acute Phase Proteins in Dairy Cows Affected with Subclinical Mastitis
- Author
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Mir, Aarif Ali, Muneeb U. Rehman, Saima Mushtaq, Sheikh Bilal Ahmad, Altaf Khan, Anik Karan, Amir Bashir Wani, Showkat Ahmad Ganie, and Manzoor Ur Rahman
- Subjects
subclinical mastitis ,somatic cell count ,acute phase proteins ,principal component analysis ,computational approaches - Abstract
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a predominant form of mastitis wherein major visible signs of disease are absent. The present study aimed to determine acute phase proteins (APPs) like ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and microalbumin (Malb) in 135 composite milk and serum samples of healthy (n = 25) and SCM (n = 110) cows. As bovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease, the present study also aimed at finding novel anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources by repurposing approach using computational studies. The findings of the present study revealed substantial elevation (p < 0.001) in milk SCC and an increase in ferritin, CRP, and Malb (p < 0.001) in milk and sera of the SCM group as compared to healthy animals. Receiver operating characteristics of milk SCC, milk, and serum APPs unraveled statistically substantial alteration (p < 0.001). Further, SCC was correlated with milk APPs ferritin (r = 0.26 **, p < 0.002), CRP (r = 0.19 *, p < 0.02), and Malb (r = 0.21 *, p < 0.01). Additionally, milk SCC was correlated with serum ferritin (r = 0.28 **, p < 0.001), CRP (r = 0.16, p > 0.05), and Malb (r = 0.16, p > 0.05). The findings of molecular docking revealed that Chaetoglobosin U was the most effective molecule that showed the highest binding affinity (kcal/mol) of −10.1 and −8.5 against ferritin and albumin. The present study concluded that the estimation of cow-side tests, SCC, and APPs in milk/serum is suitable to detect SCM and screening herd community. Furthermore, Chaetoglobosin U could be developed as a promising anti-inflammatory inhibitor; however, further studies are required to validate these findings.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Lawsone and Indigo-Loaded Sepiolite Nanofibers for Hair Coloring with Sustained Release
- Author
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Naureen Rahman, Anik Karan, Yuri Lvov, Zhengzheng Liao, Aakash Parekh, Ronak Rughani, and Sivaramakrishnan Muthukrishnan
- Subjects
General Materials Science - Published
- 2022
13. Cover Feature: Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Management (ChemNanoMat 7/2022)
- Author
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Johnson V. John, Alec McCarthy, Anik Karan, and Jingwei Xie
- Subjects
Biomaterials ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Materials Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 2022
14. Advances in Modeling Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro
- Author
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Zheng Yan, Navatha Shree Sharma, Jingwei Xie, Donghee Lee, and Anik Karan
- Subjects
neurospheroids ,business.industry ,microfluidics ,Disease ,Alzheimer's disease ,in vitro models ,In vitro ,scaffolds ,Cancer research ,Organoid ,Medical technology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,R855-855.5 ,business ,organoids ,TP248.13-248.65 ,General Environmental Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment, thereby disrupting the performance of daily activities. Numerous therapeutics have shown efficacy in animal AD models but failed in human patients. The key to understanding the etiology of AD lies in the development of effective disease models, which can ideally recapitulate all characteristics of the disease. Over the years, different approaches including in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models are able to resemble certain features of AD. In this review, the significance of different in vitro models including their merits and limitations in modeling AD is discussed, which will give a better perspective on the development of a comprehensive model that can mimic human AD. This starts with a brief introduction to AD and its pathology. Then it mainly focuses on the two‐dimensional, three‐dimensional and microfluidic in vitro models of AD that have made significant advancements in understanding AD pathology and aiding in screening effective therapeutics. Several 3D neural tissue engineering models developed in the last two decades along with a discussion on the future prospects in the development of efficient in vitro AD models are further highlighted.
- Published
- 2021
15. Electrostatic flocking of salt-treated microfibers and nanofiber yarns for regenerative engineering
- Author
-
Demi Brown, Phil A. Holubeck, Alec McCarthy, Johnson V. John, Navatha Shree Sharma, Kossi Loic M. Avegnon, Shelbie Weihs, Jingwei Xie, Jazmin Ley, and Anik Karan
- Subjects
Scaffold ,Medicine (General) ,Materials science ,business.product_category ,Electrostatic flocking ,QH301-705.5 ,animal diseases ,Biomedical Engineering ,Wound healing ,Bioengineering ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,R5-920 ,Full Length Article ,Microfiber ,Nanofiber yarns ,Composite material ,Biology (General) ,Artificial vertebral disc ,Molecular Biology ,Flocking (texture) ,Dense array ,Polydimethylsiloxane ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Diabetic mouse ,Cell Biology ,chemistry ,Nanofiber ,Microfibers ,business ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Electrostatic flocking is a textile technology that employs a Coulombic driving force to launch short fibers from a charging source towards an adhesive-covered substrate, resulting in a dense array of aligned fibers perpendicular to the substrate. However, electrostatic flocking of insulative polymeric fibers remains a challenge due to their insufficient charge accumulation. We report a facile method to flock electrostatically insulative poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microfibers (MFs) and electrospun PCL nanofiber yarns (NFYs) by incorporating NaCl during pre-flock processing. Both MF and NFY were evaluated for flock functionality, mechanical properties, and biological responses. To demonstrate this platform's diverse applications, standalone flocked NFY and MF scaffolds were synthesized and evaluated as scaffold for cell growth. Employing the same methodology, scaffolds made from poly(glycolide-co-l-lactide) (PGLA) (90:10) MFs were evaluated for their wound healing capacity in a diabetic mouse model. Further, a flock-reinforced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) disc was fabricated to create an anisotropic artificial vertebral disc (AVD) replacement potentially used as a treatment for lumbar degenerative disc disease. Overall, a salt-based flocking method is described with MFs and NFYs, with wound healing and AVD repair applications presented., Graphical abstract This work reports electrostatic flocking of salt-treatment microfibers and nanofiber yarns for applications in wound healing and artificial vertebral disc replacement.Image 1, Highlights • NaCl coatings enable sufficient charge accumulation on electrically insulative polymer fibers during electrostatic flocking. • Flocked nanofiber yarns allow further functionalization of flocked scaffolds. • Flocked fiber scaffolds sustain cell proliferation. • Flocked PGLA (90:10) fiber scaffolds promote modest fiber-density dependent wound healing and angiogenesis. • Flock fibers-reinforced elastomeric artificial vertebral discs are mechanically robust.
- Published
- 2021
16. Morphological Changes in Astrocytes by Self-Oxidation of Dopamine to Polydopamine and Quantification of Dopamine through Multivariate Regression Analysis of Polydopamine Images
- Author
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Farnaz Rezaei, Mark A. DeCoster, Leon D. Iasemidis, Elnaz Khezerlou, and Anik Karan
- Subjects
Polymers and Plastics ,Central nervous system ,Article ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,astrocyte ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,In vivo ,Dopamine ,image analysis ,medicine ,Neurotransmitter ,polydopamine ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,In vitro ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Polymerization ,Cell culture ,Biophysics ,dopamine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Astrocyte ,medicine.drug ,neurotransmitter - Abstract
Astrocytes, also known as astroglia, are important cells for the structural support of neurons as well as for biochemical balance in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the polymerization of dopamine (DA) to polydopamine (PDA) and its effect on astrocytes was investigated. The polymerization of DA, being directly proportional to the DA concentration, raises the prospect of detecting DA concentration from PDA optically using image-processing techniques. It was found here that DA, a naturally occurring neurotransmitter, significantly altered astrocyte cell number, morphology, and metabolism, compared to astrocytes in the absence of DA. Along with these effects on astrocytes, the polymerization of DA to PDA was tracked optically in the same cell culture wells. This polymerization process led to a unique methodology based on multivariate regression analysis that quantified the concentration of DA from optical images of astrocyte cell culture media. Therefore, this developed methodology, combined with conventional imaging equipment, could be used in place of high-end and expensive analytical chemistry instruments, such as spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence techniques, for quantification of the concentration of DA after polymerization to PDA under in vitro and potentially in vivo conditions.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Cellulose-based biomaterials integrated with copper-cystine hybrid structures as catalysts for nitric oxide generation
- Author
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Gustavo del Real, Anik Karan, Margarita Darder, and Mark A. DeCoster
- Subjects
Materials science ,Cell Survival ,Colony Count, Microbial ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biocompatible Materials ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Nitric Oxide ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Nanocellulose ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coating ,Elastic Modulus ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Escherichia coli ,Polyamines ,Staphylococcus epidermidis ,Animals ,Cysteine ,Cellulose ,S-Nitrosothiols ,Brain ,Endothelial Cells ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Ascorbic acid ,Copper ,Rats ,0104 chemical sciences ,Solvent ,Kinetics ,Cellulose fiber ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Microvessels ,engineering ,Cystine ,0210 nano-technology ,Porosity ,Polyallylamine hydrochloride - Abstract
Bionanocomposite materials were developed from the assembly of polymer-coated copper-cystine high-aspect ratio structures (CuHARS) and cellulose fibers. The coating of the metal-organic materials with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) allows their covalent linkage to TEMPO-oxidized cellulose by means of EDC/NHS. The resulting materials can be processed as films or macroporous foams by solvent casting and lyophilization, respectively. The films show good mechanical behavior with Young's moduli around 1.5 GPa as well as resistance in water, while the obtained foams show an open network of interconnected macropores with average diameters around 130 μm, depending on the concentration of the initial suspension, and compression modulus values around 450 kPa, similar to other reported freeze-dried nanocellulose-based aerogels. Based on these characteristics, the cellulose/PAH-CuHARS composites are promising for potential biomedical applications as implants or wound dressing materials. They have proved to be effective in the decomposition of low molecular weight S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), similar to those existing in blood, releasing nitric oxide (NO). This effect is attributed to the presence of copper in the crystalline structure of the CuHARS building unit, which can be gradually released in the presence of redox species like ascorbic acid, typically found in blood. The resulting biomaterials can offer the interesting properties associated with NO, like antimicrobial activity as preliminary tests showed here with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In the presence of physiological concentration of RSNOs the amount of generated NO (around 360 nM) is not enough to show bactericidal effect on the studied bacteria, but it could provide other properties inherent to NO even at low concentration in the nM range like anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. The cytotoxic effect recorded of the films on rat brain endothelial cells (BMVECs) is least significant and proves them to be friendly enough for further biological studies.
- Published
- 2020
18. Integration of a Copper-Containing Biohybrid (CuHARS) with Cellulose for Subsequent Degradation and Biomedical Control
- Author
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Zach Norcross, Margarita Darder, Urna Kansakar, Anik Karan, Mark A. DeCoster, National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España)
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Composite number ,Cystine ,lcsh:Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biocompatible Materials ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,composites ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Nanomaterials ,biohybrids ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Centrifugation ,cellulose ,degradation ,nanomaterials ,cell culture ,green materials ,copper ,Cellulose ,Aqueous solution ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Water ,Cell culture media ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Copper ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
We previously described the novel synthesis of a copper high-aspect ratio structure (CuHARS) biohybrid material using cystine. While extremely stable in water, CuHARS is completely (but slowly) degradable in cellular media. Here, integration of the CuHARS into cellulose matrices was carried out to provide added control for CuHARS degradation. Synthesized CuHARS was concentrated by centrifugation and then dried. The weighed mass was re-suspended in water. CuHARS was stable in water for months without degradation. In contrast, 25 μg/mL of the CuHARS in complete cell culture media was completely degraded (slowly) in 18 days under physiological conditions. Stable integration of CuHARS into cellulose matrices was achieved through assembly by mixing cellulose micro- and nano-fibers and CuHARS in an aqueous (pulp mixture) phase, followed by drying. Additional materials were integrated to make the hybrids magnetically susceptible. The cellulose-CuHARS composite films could be transferred, weighed, and cut into usable pieces; they maintained their form after rehydration in water for at least 7 days and were compatible with cell culture studies using brain tumor (glioma) cells. These studies demonstrate utility of a CuHARS-cellulose biohybrid for applied applications including: (1) a platform for biomedical tracking and (2) integration into a 2D/3D matrix using natural products (cellulose)., This work was funded with the support of grant awards from the National Science Foundation (NSF #1547693 and NSF#1632891), and the MINECO (Spain) project MAT2015-71117-R. M. Darder acknowledges the joint sponsorship by the Fulbright Scholar Program and the Spanish Ministry of Education.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Classification of Ocular Disorders Based on Fractal and Invariant Moment Analysis of Retinal Fundus Images
- Author
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Leonidas D. Iasemidis, Joshua A. Adkinson, Ioannis Vlachos, Noah Hutson, Anik Karan, and Panagiotis Sidiropoulos
- Subjects
genetic structures ,business.industry ,Glaucoma ,medicine.disease ,Linear discriminant analysis ,Fractal dimension ,Fractal analysis ,eye diseases ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fractal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,medicine ,Human eye ,Computer vision ,sense organs ,Artificial intelligence ,Invariant (mathematics) ,business ,Retinopathy - Abstract
Image analysis of the human eye has provided new insight into ocular disorders and has the potential to assist in their automated diagnosis. We herein report results from analysis of the processed fundus (retina) images from a) healthy subjects and patients diagnosed with b) diabetic retinopathy or c) glaucoma, by means of image fractal analysis and image invariant moments, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for classification. Using the fractal dimension and Hu's invariant moments, LDA achieved classification accuracy of 99.2% for the three conditions.
- Published
- 2016
20. Multi-scale high-aspect ratio structures (HARS) for brain cell connectivity
- Author
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Anik Karan, Urna Kansakar, Kahla St. Marthe, Nguyen, Nam, and Decoster, Mark A.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Uptake and biodegradation of novel copper-containing biocomposites in 2D and 3D cell cultures
- Author
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Milam, David, Anik Karan, Norcross, Zach, Nguyen, Nam, and DeCoster, Mark A
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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