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Acquired vulvar lymphangioma (AVL) is a rare but important condition that requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate management to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. AVL can erupt locally as isolated or clustered lesions which range from translucent, fluid-filled vesicles to smooth, flesh-colored papules or nodules that exude serous or crystalline liquid spontaneously or after trauma. Clinically, it can also be asymptomatic. However, symptoms are commonly accompanied by vulvar itching, burning, soreness, or unpleasant discharge. Here, we report a case series of five Vietnamese patients with AVL with diverse clinical features.

In this essay, we attempt to use Alexander Wendt's Hobbesian culture hypothesis to examine three aspects of US-North Korea relationship: (i) what kind of relationship it has belonged to, (ii) why it has not changed for over past 70 years, and (iii) what possible relationship between the USA and North Korea will be under the Biden Administration. The results show that Hobbesian culture has been dominating US-North Korea relations since 1949 when the USA did not recognize North Korea's sovereignty and then launched unlimited war against North Korea in late 1950. Then the difference in internalization of the USA and North Korea to Hobbesian culture generated two opposing goals: while the USA pursues interests created by the existence of Hobbesian culture, North Korea pursues interests generated by the end of this Hobbesian culture. This is the main factor that has prevented a structural change over past 70 years. Theoretically, there may be at least three possibilities to change the structure of US-North Korea relations under the Biden Administration. But our examination of these possibilities show that it is hard for these possibilities to come true. It is suggested in this essay that the USA should try to improve its relations with North Korea by increasing US-North Korea interdependence. Once the interdependence is generated, the external restraint will be created. And when great enough, the interdependence will improve their relation and even create a structural change in the further future., Author(s): Nguyen Ngoc Anh [sup.1] , Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.444960.b, Center for Researching Foreign Language Education, Linguistics and International Studies, VNU University of Languages and [...]

Due to the increasing number of students each year in Vietnam and elsewhere, current active teaching methods and traditional lecture methods face many difficulties. Therefore, innovation in teaching methods is necessary to meet training needs and ensure training quality. Even though team-based learning is widely used globally, there is still no scientific evidence of the effectiveness of this method in health education in Vietnam. This quasi-experimental study compared individual and team readiness scores and satisfaction in students undergoing team-based learning. The study also compared the effects of the team-based learning method versus traditional lectures on final test scores, classroom engagement, and students' attitudes toward team-based learning. The study was conducted on 192 fourth-year bachelor of nursing students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, in the 2022-2023 school year. Students participated in three Nursing Care for Adults with Internal Medicine Disease course modules. Data were collected using five instruments: a Demographic Questionnaire, the Student Preparation Questionnaire, the Classroom Engagement Survey, the Team-Based Learning Student Assessment Instrument, and the Attitudes toward Different Aspects of Team Learning. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and chi-square using SPSS version 20.0. The findings revealed that students in the team-based learning group had mean scores on the team readiness test significantly higher than the individual readiness test in all three modules, and satisfaction with team-based learning was high. When comparing the two groups, the students in the team-based learning classes had significantly higher scores on classroom engagement and more positive attitudes toward this type of learning than those in traditional classes. However, the two groups had no significant difference in final test scores. We recommend that universities in Vietnam urgently consider applying the team-based learning method to many courses for nursing students, given its potential to enhance classroom engagement and foster positive attitudes. However, before widespread application, more research is needed on factors that can affect the effectiveness of team-based learning, such as the capacity of lecturers, teaching assistants, and infrastructure conditions. More extensive research in more courses, more students, and longer periods are needed to see the long-term benefits of team-based learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using gamma and alpha spectrometers, the radioactive isotopes 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, and 40K were determined in three sediment cores from the Tam Giang-Cau Hai (TG), Thi Nai (TN), and Nai (DN) lagoons, and radiation risk indices were computed. The radioactivity concentrations of 210Pb, 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra were 55.46 Bq/kg, 675.78 Bq/kg, 67.22 Bq/kg, and 34.15 Bq/kg, respectively. The Raeq, ADR, AEDE, Iγr, AUI, Hex, and AGDE indices were 182.31 Bq/kg, 84.46 nGy/h, 0.10 mSV/y, 1.35, 1, 18, 0.49, and 598.71 µSV/y, respectively; the values of 40K, 232Th, AEDE, ADR, Iγr, and AGDE were greater than the global average and UNSCEAR values. The radioactivity and radiation risk indices decreased in the order DN > TN > TG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDespite the vaccination program’s great effectiveness, pertussis outbreaks are still reported with substantial spatial heterogeneity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal patterns of pertussis to determine the hot spots with the high-risk transmission in Vietnam from 2015 to 2019. This study was designed as a cluster case study from December 2019 to October 2020 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data on 564 pertussis cases were collected via the pertussis case report form of the national immunization program and disease surveillance system of the Hanoi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2015 to 2019. Knox Test was applied to assess the risk of spreading epidemics by space and time via a program running on R software. The pertussis incidence per 100 000 population was the highest in the inner city, with an average of 2.96/100000 in 2015. An area with an extremely high risk of infection was located within 200 meters away from the pertussis case and within 40 days, apart from the detecting time (Relative risk (RR) = 3 to 222). Sixty-two hot spot clusters were defined, mainly distributed in the inner city areas, while only a few risk clusters belonged to suburban districts. By using well-defined spatio-temporal distributions, a geographical area of high pertussis transmission risk was identified. Our findings play a fundamental part in developing the ongoing and comprehensive database to complete the disease surveillance system and design effective intervention measures.

According to statistics of the Ministry of Health of Vietnam, the proportion of people infected with the disease has been increasing recently. In addition, according to the statistics of the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, the budget and spending on health tend to increase. That means there is an increase in people's health care needs. The main objective of the study is to examine the factors affecting health care in Vietnam. The study used initial survey data in Nam Dinh, where GDP per capita is equivalent to 96.4% of the national average GDP, with a total of 500 respondents. Respondents were selected based on convenience sampling, the questionnaires were designed according to previous studies and added a research variable on COVID-19, and took place in July 2021. Descriptive analysis and linear regression statistics were used with with the help of SPSS software. Result shows that factors such as income, age, education, participation in health insurance, belief in healthcare, effects of COVID-19, family medical history and self-perceived health status were statistically significant in influencing the need for medical care. According to the study results, public health authorities and governments should pay attention to targets to increase the use of health care.

Objective of this study was to assess the morphology of the main lymphatic vessels including the uro-lymphatic fistula, the thoracic duct using Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography (MRL) and Intranodal Lymphangiography (IL). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study spanning five years, from January 2020 to January 2024, included 43 patients diagnosed with chyluria through cystoscopy and quantitative urine testing for triglycerides. These patients underwent MRL and then IL for uro-lymphatic fistula embolization. Results: The study involved 43 patients with an average age of 66.1 ± 19.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2. Uro-lymphatic fistula occurred predominantly in the left kidney (72.1%), followed by the right kidney (20.9%), and both sides (7%). MRL imaging showed the thoracic duct in 100% of cases but visualized only 84.5% of the uro-lymphatic fistulas. In contrast, IL imaging showed the thoracic duct in 51.5% of patients but visualized uro-lymphatic fistulas in 100% of cases. In the procedure of IL, the average visualization time of the thoracic duct was 45 minutes, with a range of 35 to 69 minutes. Conclusion: MRL and IL complement each other in diagnosing the main lymphatic vessels in chyluria patients. The observed circulatory stasis in the thoracic duct supports the hypothesis that it contributes to increased pressure in the thoracic duct and the formation uro-lymphatic fistula as collateral circulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 doctors and nurses in a National Dermatology hospital using the Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire which has been validated in Vietnamese (JCQ-V), to assess the prevalence of occupational stress and to explore the association with some associated factors among them. The result showed that doctors and nurses with occupational stress accounted for 6.4%. This proportion was higher among nurse compared to doctor (8.0% vs. 2.2%); among those with diploma literacy compared to bachelor and above (10.6% and 2.3%). This rate was also higher in health workers under 30 years old (12.9%), health workers under 5 years at work (12.1%), working night shift from 3–4 nights (33.3%), temporary employment (12.8%), heavy workload occasionally (12.5%), and working hard occasionally (17.2%) compared to those in the comparison groups with p value