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Bullying victimization is widely accepted to be associated with aggression. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. To examine the long‐term impact of bullying victimization on aggression, the present study tested the potential mediating effects of both anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts. A total of 809 undergraduates from four universities across China (74.80% female; Mage = 19.63 years, SD = 0.82 years) completed the survey on three occasions, with a 6‐month delay between Time 1 and Time 2 and a 1‐year interval between Time 2 and Time 3. A cross‐lagged model of anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts was developed to test whether they predicted one another, and two structural models were constructed to test their mediating roles in bullying victimization and aggression. Findings indicated that anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts are mutually predictable; the correlation between bullying victimization and aggression is mediated independently by anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts, and the chain mediation of bullying victimization predicting aggression first through anger rumination and then through hostile automatic thinking was established. In addition, an alternative mediation model is also significant, with hostile automatic thoughts as the primary mediator and anger rumination as the secondary mediator. These results highlight the significance of anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts in the long‐term effects of bullying victimization on aggression. Interventions designed to reduce undergraduate students' anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts may help reduce their aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the mechanisms of development of aggression have been focused on day by day, the complicated effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of social aggression in emerging adults have not been uncovered. A serial cascade model of aggression was proposed to address this issue. A longitudinal investigation over 2.5 years was conducted to test this model by exploring the serial cascade effects of relative deprivation (a representative of distal factors) and anger rumination (a representative of proximal factors) on the development of social aggression. A total of 1113 Chinese university students (Mage = 18.95 ± 0.96, 63.10% female) from six universities in five areas participated in this study. The results suggest that developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in anger rumination mediate the relationship between developmental trajectories and longitudinal changes in relative deprivation and social aggression, and developmental trajectories and changes in relative deprivation mediate the longitudinal relationship between anger rumination and social aggression. These findings support the serial cascade effects of distal and proximal factors on the development of aggression and expand upon the general aggression model (GAM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ability of scientists and clinicians to detect the therapeutic needs of patients with brain damage has increased in recent years. In this sense, many studies have signaled that individuals tend to experience an increase in irritability after suffering brain damage, with some patients even showing sudden aggressive outbursts. This increase in anger expression in these patients could be explained by executive functioning alterations (or executive dysfunctions), given their role in goal-oriented behaviors, along with emotional dysregulations such as alexithymia (e.g., difficulties recognizing and verbalizing feelings) and anger rumination (e.g., tendency to recall thoughts regarding experiences of frustration or anger). Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanisms that contribute to and/or facilitate anger expression in patients with brain damage. Methods: In this regard, the main objective of this study is to assess whether executive dysfunctions (assessed with the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale) would explain anger expression (measured with the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire) in patients with brain damage (n = 23; mean age: 56.61 ± 10.68; 57% men) compared to controls (n = 24; mean age: 60.96 ± 9.25; 33% men), paying special attention to potential moderators of this association such as alexithymia (analyzed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) and anger rumination (assessed with the Anger Rumination Scale). Results: The results of the current investigation led us to conclude that anger expression in patients with brain damage was partly explained by executive dysfunction, especially in those patients who scored high in alexithymia. This model was not significant among controls. Conclusions: Thus, we highlight the importance of targeting certain psychological alterations, such as alexithymia, when implementing psychotherapeutic programs as an adjuvant to cognitive training focused on cognitive deficits (e.g., executive dysfunctions). This, in turn, would support the full recovery of individuals who have experienced brain damage.

This research delves into the correlation between offline bullying and online unethical behavior among college students; and examines the potential mediating influences of anger rumination and perceived relative deprivation. The findings suggest that anger rumination, perceived relative deprivation, offline bullying, and online unethical behavior exhibit significant positive correlations with each other. Offline bullying is a strong predictor of online unethical behavior among college students, with the dual mediating effects of perceived relative deprivation and anger rumination on the relationship between offline bullying and online unethical behavior. This suggests that offline bullying directly influences college students' online unethical behavior and also influences it indirectly through anger rumination and perceived relative deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediating role of anger rumination in the relationship between anger and reactive aggression and the potential of adaptive anger rumination in reducing reactive aggression. Study 1, a two‐wave longitudinal survey of 177 Chinese adolescents, showed that anger rumination mediated the relationship between anger and reactive aggression. Study 2, an experimental study with 160 university students, showed that the self‐distanced group had lower aggression than the self‐immersed group, and anger rumination mediated the impact of anger on reactive aggression in only the self‐immersed group. These findings clarify the role of anger rumination concerning the relationship between anger and reactive‐aggression and highlight the importance of self‐distanced anger rumination in preventing reactive aggression among adolescents and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia is a burdensome pain causing patients a very negative emotional state that can worsen their clinical profile, perceived disability, and treatment outcomes. In particular, anger can negatively affect pain and patient adjustment to the disease. Recent studies suggest that metacognitions and anger rumination can negatively affect anger, which in turn can amplify the intensity of pain. This study aims to investigate whether anger rumination and state anger serially mediate the relationship between metacognitions and the intensity of pain. The study included 446 subjects who: declared having received a fibromyalgia diagnosis by a rheumatologist/pain physician; completed measures of metacognitions, anger rumination, state-anger, and pain intensity. The serial mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro (Model 6). Negative beliefs about worry and beliefs about the need to control thoughts indirectly influenced the intensity of pain through two significant mediating pathways: state-anger and anger rumination to state-anger. Cognitive self-consciousness affected pain intensity directly (β =.11, p <.05) and indirectly through two significant mediating pathways: state-anger and anger rumination to state-anger. This study highlights the role of serial mediation of anger rumination and state-anger in the relationship between metacognitions and pain intensity in the field of fibromyalgia. Our work introduces new targets for anger management interventions for patients with fibromyalgia. Such interventions could be effectively addressed with a metacognitive approach considering its specific focus on dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and repetitive negative thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that a dimensional three-factor model of agentic extraversion, narcissistic neuroticism, and self-centered antagonism is the most parsimonious model for describing the personality characteristics of narcissism. Currently, however, pathological narcissism is still often defined utilizing a single-factor model based on the diagnostic criteria for narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), leading to mixed results in understanding the link between narcissism and negative thinking styles. Thus, the current study sought to compare the three-factor and one-factor models in predicting specific forms of maladaptive thinking styles within a college student sample (n = 362) utilizing path analysis. The results provided evidence for specific trait domains of narcissism being linked to specific forms of repetitive negative thoughts, with narcissistic neuroticism being the most consistent and strongly associated trait domain with anger rumination, general rumination, worry, and catastrophizing. Self-centered antagonism was strongly associated with anger rumination and catastrophizing and appears to be a protective factor against worry. Thus, this study provided evidence that a dimensional 3-factor model of narcissism provides a better, more nuanced understanding of how narcissism and NPD are related to cognitive dysfunction. Future research is needed to compare other models of narcissism and to better understand the transdiagnostic nature of the different forms of repetitive negative thoughts. Identifying negative thoughts and how they occur within certain personality pathology may inform better clinical practices for impaired thinking styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychological Science is the property of Psychological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: People experiencing anxiety due to the coronavirus may resort to rumination as an ineffective coping strategy for dealing with their emotional experiences. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of paradox therapy in reducing anger rumination in individuals with anxiety related to the coronavirus disease.Method: The research method used in the present study was semi-experimental, employing a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up stage. The study focused on individuals experiencing anxiety related to COVID-19 in Jahrom in 2021. Thirty participants were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The research utilized the Corona Anxiety Scale (Alipour et al) and Sakudolsky's, Gulab, and Cromwell's. Paradox Therapy was conducted over 8 sessions, with each session lasting 90 minutes, and the experimental group met once a week. To analyze the data, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Result: The results of pairwise comparisons of the mean differences in anger rumination and its components indicate that, in the experimental group, the mean scores in the post-test stage for all variables, except the retaliatory thoughts component, have significantly decreased (p

Aggressive drivers pose a significant road safety threat to themselves and other road users. Therefore, understanding the relationships between certain cognitive processes and increased frequency of aggression has the potential to reduce road trauma through intervention. This study examined the relationships between anger rumination and forgiveness with trait driving anger and aggressive driving. These factors have previously been individually identified as predictors of aggression; but have yet to be considered simultaneously, despite recognised association between forgiveness and rumination tendencies outside of road safety research. Aggressive driving was measured across three facets of behaviour: verbal aggression, physical aggression, and use of the vehicle to display anger. Adaptive constructive responses to driving anger were also considered. Five hundred and one drivers (mean age = 43.7; SD = 17.7; men = 53.8%) completed an online questionnaire seeking information on these factors. Structural equation modelling showed that, after controlling for gender, 62% of the variance in aggressive driving was explained by a combination of trait driving anger, more frequent rumination and lower levels of forgiveness. Specifically, lower levels of forgiveness predicted more anger rumination (accounting for 49% of the variance), and the relationship between anger rumination and aggression was fully mediated by trait driving anger. A second model demonstrated that 17% of the variance in adaptive constructive responses to anger could be explained by higher levels of forgiveness, lower rumination and driving anger. Efforts to improve driver behaviour need to focus primarily on the reduction of driving anger. This could be achieved by reducing rumination through the promotion of forgiveness for the behaviour of other drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying is an act of verbal, nonverbal, and physical violence. The cause is not trusting each other so that they bully each other even though the problem is trivial. In adolescence, individuals begin to have more abstract and reasonable thoughts, as well as the ability to draw conclusions from events. However, at this age emotions are still relatively unstable so that at this stage many are controlled by the emotions that exist in themselves. Teenagers who are victims of bullying tend to reflect on the distress they have experienced. They have a tendency to remember bad things that have happened in their lives and find it difficult to forget them, which is commonly called rumination. Previous research with child and adolescent subjects found that adolescents who experience victimization more often tend to experience rumination that causes anger and sadness. Moral Disengagement is considered a cognitive process that individuals use to justify behavior that they know is wrong. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Moral Disengagement in moderating the relationship between anger rumination and bullying behavior in adolescents. This research uses a quantitative approach with a research design using ex-post facto which is carried out after a phenomenon occurs. Based on the results of the study, it was found that anger rumination has a significant role in the emergence of bullying behavior in bullying victims (Sig. 0.000 < 0.005). The results of this study support previous research on rumination and anger rumination in the development of bullying behavior. Interaction between variables X and Y is not significant, P = 0.886 (>0.05) which means that anger rumination does not affect bullying. Likewise, the interaction between variables M and Y is also not significant, P = 0.7945 (>0.05) which means that moral disagreement variables do not affect bullying behavior. The results of the research show that anger rumination plays a non-significant role in the emergence of bullying behavior in bullying victims (Sig. 0.8836 < 0.005). The results of this study do not prove the effect of anger rumination on the emergence of bullying behavior. This result is not in accordance with previous research on rumination and anger rumination affecting the emergence of bullying behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder, characterized by deficits in emotion regulation, interpersonal dysfunctions, dissociation and impulsivity. Brain abnormalities have been generally explored; however, the specific contribution of different limbic structures to BPD symptomatology is not described. The aim of this study is to cover this gap, exploring functional and structural alterations of amygdala and insula and to highlight their contribution to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Twenty-eight BPD patients (23.7 ± 3.42 years; 6 M/22F) and twenty-eight matched healthy controls underwent a brain MR protocol (1.5 T, including a 3D T1-weighted sequence and resting-state fMRI) and a complete neuropsychiatric assessment. Volumetry, cortical thickness and functional connectivity of amygdala and insula were evaluated, along with correlations with the neuropsychiatric scales. BPD patients showed a lower cortical thickness of the left insula (p = 0.027) that negatively correlated with the Anger Rumination Scale (p = 0.019; r = − 0.450). A focused analysis on female patients showed a significant reduction of right amygdala volumes in BPD (p = 0.037), that correlate with Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (p = 0.031; r = − 0.415), Beck Depression Inventory (p = 0.009; r = − 0.50) and Ruminative Response Scale (p = 0.045; r = − 0.389). Reduced functional connectivity was found in BPD between amygdala and frontal pole, precuneus and temporal pole. This functional connectivity alterations correlated with Anger Rumination Scale (p =.009; r = − 0.491) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (p = 0.020; r = − 0.447). Amygdala and insula are altered in BPD patients, and these two limbic structures are implicated in specific neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as difficulty in emotion regulation, depression, anger and depressive rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although numerous studies have demonstrated the ostracism-aggression link, the potent mechanisms of the relationship remain largely unexplored. Based on the General Aggression Model (GAM) and the Script Theory framework, we propose that anger rumination (AR) may mediate the relationship between ostracism and social aggression. Moreover, the relationship between ostracism and anger rumination may be mutual. The present study used a longitudinal design to examine the relationships among ostracism, AR, and SA in 940 college students. The questionnaires were completed on two occasions with a 6-months interval. A cross-lagged analysis revealed that social ostracism at time 1 (T1) predicted subsequent AR and SA at time 2 (T2), AR (T1) predicted ostracism and SA 6 months later. Moreover, AR (T2) mediated the association between ostracism (T1) and SA (T2). These findings deepen our understanding of the link between ostracism and SA and expand and support the General Aggressive Model and Script Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Using the Self‐Regulatory Executive Function model as a basis, this study explored whether, in patients with eating disorders (EDs), metacognitions and repetitive negative thinking are associated with higher levels of perfectionisms. Methods: One hundred twenty‐three outpatients with EDs were recruited. Perfectionism, metacognitive beliefs, worry, rumination, anger rumination, affective and eating symptoms were assessed. Correlation and hierarchal regression analyses were run. Results: Higher endorsement of positive beliefs about worry was associated with higher levels of 'personal standards perfectionism'. Higher endorsement of positive beliefs about worry, need to control thoughts, worry and rumination was associated with higher levels of 'concern over mistakes perfectionism'. Conclusions: Among patients with EDs, perfectionism appears to be associated with the endorsement of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, worry and rumination. Dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and repetitive negative thinking could be suitable therapeutic targets to reduce the levels of perfectionism among patients with EDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychological Science is the property of Psychological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Internet addiction has garnered growing attention in recent years, and peer victimization plays a major contributor to adolescents' Internet addiction. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms in the association between peer victimization and Internet addiction. Guided by cognitive behavioral model and worldview verification model, this study examined a moderated mediation model in which anger rumination at Time 1 (T1) mediated the association between peer victimization at T1 and Internet addiction at Time 2 (T2), and this mediation effect was moderated by T1 social dominance orientation (SDO). Methods: A short‐term longitudinal design was adopted, incorporating two measurement occasions (with approximately 6‐month intervals). Participants were 2597 adolescents (51.5% male, Mage = 13.9, SD = 0.60) from seven secondary schools in Zhengzhou City, China. All participants were invited to complete the self‐reported questionnaires assessing peer victimization, anger rumination, SDO at T1 (December 2015) and Internet addiction at T2 (June 2016), respectively. A short‐term longitudinal moderated mediation model was conducted to analyze the association between variables. Results: The results showed that T1 peer victimization was positively associated with T2 Internet addiction in which association was mediated by T1 anger rumination. T1 SDO moderated the associations between T1 peer victimization and T1 anger rumination and this effect was stronger with lower levels of SDO. In terms of gender differences, SDO moderated the associations between peer victimization and anger rumination only for boys. Conclusions: Results highlight that anger rumination is a potential mechanism explaining how peer victimization is related to Internet addiction and that this relation may be moderated by SDO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core self-evaluations (CSE) is a trait representing the fundamental appraisals made by oneself about their worth, competence and capabilities. Available research on the CSE sub-factors provide sufficient evidence for an existing relationship with aggression. Interestingly, there is growing evidence to suggest that this relationship may be indirect, via the cognitive processes of anger rumination and forgiveness. The current study aspires to expand the available knowledge in the field by investigating the links between CSE and aggression, and exploring how anger rumination and forgiveness may mediate this relationship. Participants (N = 351) completed an online survey measuring their levels of CSE, anger rumination, forgiveness and aggression. As hypothesised, CSE was found to be negatively associated with aggression. This relationship was found to be independently and serially mediated by anger rumination and forgiveness, with this mediation being full. These effects were also observed for the relationship between CSE and the aggression sub-factors of anger and physical aggression. Τhe relationship between CSE and the hostility sub-factor was partially mediated by anger rumination and forgiveness. However, the relationship between CSE and verbal aggression was only partially mediated by anger rumination. Together, these findings extend our knowledge around the relationship between CSE and aggression and increase our understanding on the underlying mechanisms, highlighting the potential utility of interventions targeting CSE to prevent and treat aggressive behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Road rage is a common phenomenon during driving, which not only affects the psychological health of drivers but also may increase the risk of traffic accidents. This article explores the impact of moral disengagement and anger rumination on road rage through two studies. Method: This research combined experimental studies with survey questionnaires. Study one used a driving simulator to investigate whether moral disengagement and anger rumination are psychological triggers of road rage in real-time driving, and whether there are differences in the main psychological triggers of road rage under different road scenarios. Building on the first study, study two employed a survey questionnaire to analyze the relationship between moral disengagement, anger rumination, and road rage. Participants in both studies were drivers with certain driving ages and experience. Data were processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability and validity tests, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The findings indicated: (1) There were significant differences in the anger induction rate across different road scenarios, χ2 = 35.73, p

Polyvagal theory proposed that an autonomous nervous system imbalance might be characteristic of violent individuals, especially reduced parasympathetic or vagal tone. Accordingly, some studies concluded that when intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators deal with acute stress, they tend to present a sympathetic predominance over the parasympathetic nervous system once the stress has ended. However, less is known about cognitive mechanisms that explain this phenomenon. In fact, this functioning might be explained by inner speech and/or angry thoughts (anger rumination) in reactive aggressors. Nonetheless, there is a gap in the scientific literature assessing whether this psychophysiological functioning in IPV perpetrators is explained by anger rumination. For this reason, the first aim of this study was to assess the cardiorespiratory (heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)) and electrodermal (skin conductance level (SCL)) changes, as well as the anger state, when coping with an acute laboratory stressor, comparing a group of reactive IPV perpetrators (n = 47) and a group of non-violent men (n = 36). The second aim was two-fold. After checking whether the groups differed on their anger rumination and manifestation of aggression (reactive and/or proactive) scores, we studied whether these variables explained psychophysiological and psychological responses to a laboratory task (changes and levels during the recovery period) in each group. Our results demonstrated that, compared to the control group, IPV perpetrators presented lower RSA levels (vagal tone). Even though the groups did not differ on their anger rumination or manifestation of aggression scores (except for proactive aggression), only in the IPV perpetrators, high anger rumination and reactive aggression partly explained the lower vagal tone (RSA levels) and high levels of anger state at post-task. Consequently, this study contributes to understanding the psychobiological basis for violence proneness in IPV perpetrators, making it possible to explore new therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anger rumination is an unconstructive cognitive-emotion regulation strategy that bears negative adjustment outcomes in youth. Anger rumination is mostly examined as an outcome of prior peer victimization. Unidirectional links between maladaptive anger regulation and later peer difficulties have also been reported. Surprisingly, whether anger rumination and peer victimization are mutually related and reinforcing is poorly explored. The present study tested reciprocal associations between anger rumination and peer victimization in 367 5th graders (Mage = 10.53, SE = 0.16; 54.2% girls). To increase precision of findings sadness rumination was treated as a confounder. Self-reported data were obtained at two times, spaced 1 year. Cross-lagged analyses showed that peer victimization predicted increases in anger rumination but not vice versa, after controlling for sadness rumination. Victimized boys were found to be more at risk for endorsing anger rumination over time as compared to victimized girls. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying and cyberbullying are risky behaviours which normally occur during adolescence. Although an important relationship has been recognized between the two phenomena, issues related to their prevalence, the similarity and difference between them, the transfer of roles, as well as the emotional, social, and moral aspects associated with them, remain unresolved. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of involvement in bullying and cyberbullying through an analysis of latent classes, and examine their association with moral disengagement, social and normative adjustment, and anger rumination. The study had a two-stage longitudinal design, with 3,006 secondary school students (Mage = 13.53; 51.9% girls), using extensively validated self-reports in the reference population. The results showed four latent classes: uninvolved, victim-cybervictim, bully-victim and wholly involved. Logistic regression analyses identified a low social adjustment in those wholly involved, low normative adjustment and high moral disengagement in mixed profiles, and high anger rumination in all involvement profiles, mainly in bully-victim. These results are discussed in terms of their value in understanding the distinctions between bullying and cyberbullying, the existence of pure and mixed roles, and the associated emotional, social, and moral variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by impulsiveness, interpersonal difficulties, emotional instability and dysfunctional cognitive processes. In addition to these symptoms, anger rumination is a cognitive mechanism often prominent in BPD patients and it has been found to be associated with maladaptive outcomes, such as increasing anger feelings, aggressive and impulsive behaviors. In this context, the aim of our review is to synthesize results on the relationship between emotional dysregulation and anger rumination in BPD with the final goal to get more information about possible psychotherapeutic methods in the treatment of BPD. A comprehensive search on BPD and anger rumination was performed on PubMed, Embase and Scopus. The search identified 8 articles meeting our inclusion criteria. Most of the studies reported a correlation between BPD emotional instability and dyscontrolled behaviors, anger and depressive rumination. Specifically, from the reviewed studies, it emerged that the tendency to use dysfunctional cognitive strategies, such as anger rumination, predicted aggressive behavior above and beyond emotion dysregulation, ultimately suggesting that anger rumination mediates the relationship between emotional dysregulation and aggression proneness. The cross-sectional design and the inclusion of subjects without a definite diagnosis of BPD (e.g., university students), may have decreased the generalizability of the results to the clinical populations and limited the possibility to explore the effect of anger rumination over time in BPD. From the reviewed studies emerged that the identification of anger rumination as a proximal process with respect to BPD may have the potential to expand and support psychotherapeutic treatment. • This review summarizes the results on the relationship between emotional dysregulation and anger rumination in BPD patients ; • Anger rumination was found positively associated with anger feelings and aggressive/impulsive behaviors; • The identification of anger rumination in BPD patients may provide important information about psychotherapeutic treatments; • Further studies in larger and more homogeneous samples are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to determine the differences in cognitive avoidance, anger rumination, and general anxiety in response to the gender and the emotional regulation disturbance variables. The sample was (418) university students who were asked to answer on study tools of cognitive avoidance, anger rumination, general anxiety, and emotional regulation disturbance. The factor analysis revealed that the study tools coincide with the original factorial structures of these tools. In addition, the current finding showed appropriate indicators of validity and reliability in the Egyptian students. Moreover, the results revealed that the gender differences possessed no significant differences in cognitive avoidance, generalized anxiety, and anger rumination. Furthermore, the students with high difficulties in emotion regulation revealed significantly higher cognitive avoidance and anger rumination (92.298 ± 1.126; 45.114 ± 0.764) than those with low difficulties in emotional regulation (82.842 ± 1.927; 41.354 ± 1.307). However, these significant effects were absent on generalized anxiety. The cognitive avoidance, anger rumination, general anxiety, and emotional regulation disturbance scales showed good validity and reliability fit on the Egyptian student sample. Moreover, there were no gender differences in cognitive avoidance, anger rumination, and generalized anxiety. In comparison, the individuals who showed high emotional regulation disturbance had high cognitive avoidance and anger rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emotional temperaments are consistently associated with psychopathology and recognized as a risk factor for many psychological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship remain unclear. Aim: This study aimed to conduct a path analysis of the effects of emotional temperaments on the symptoms of conduct disorder in adolescents by investigating the mediating role of anger rumination. Method: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted by the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population consisted of all first- and second-grade high school students in Urmia, Iran, in 2020-2021 academic years. A total of 220 students were selected by the multistage random sampling method and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (2003), Affective and Emotional Composite Temperaments Scale (2011), and Anger Rumination Scale (2001). Descriptive statistics were calculated to analyze the collected data in SPSS version 27, and a path analysis was performed using SmartPLS version 3 to test the study hypotheses. Results: The emotional temperaments of activation (β=0.21, p

Introduction: Adolescents are one of the most vulnerable groups against risky behaviors. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescents by analyzing the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation. Methods: The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical of the correlation-path analysis type. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the first secondary level in the marginal areas of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 2011-2014 and the sample included 530 people who They were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, Iranian youth risk-taking questionnaire, Hazen and Shiver attachment scale, Sakodolski, Glob and Cromwell anger rumination scale, and Gertz and Roemer scale of difficulty in regulating emotions were used. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the path analysis model and the statistical software Smart PLS version 3.3 and SPSS version 25. This study with ID IR.IAU.KSH.REC.1402. 014 has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kermanshah Islamic Azad University. Results: The path of attachment style to risky behaviors (β = 0.81 and t = 2.32), the path of anger rumination to risky behaviors (β = 0.45 and t = 2.32), the path of attachment style to risky behaviors with mediation Emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.61 and t = 3.28), rumination to risky behaviors with the mediation of emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.21 and t = 3.55), it was found that all values at the error level are less than 0.05 are significant. Conclusions: Through the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation, there is a positive and significant relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls. These results emphasize the difficult role of brahmin in regulating emotions in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the ongoing debate regarding the uniqueness of each of the Dark Tetrad traits. Extending Jones and Neria's (Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 360–364, 2015) research, we investigated how these traits are differentially related to aggressive tendencies and whether these relationships are mediated by anger rumination. Data were collected from 314 university students who completed online self-report measures on the Dark Tetrad traits, trait aggression, and anger rumination. Psychopathy had the strongest correlation with physical aggression, while hostility was most strongly related to Machiavellianism. Supplementary analyses revealed that anger rumination mediated the relationship between psychopathy and aggressive tendencies while also playing a mediatory role between Machiavellianism and some expressions of trait aggression. Similar mediation patterns were observed for sadism. While sadism and psychopathy were very similar, these results support that the Dark Tetrad traits should also be viewed as unique constructs even as they are intercorrelated. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumination about anger experiences prolongs anger arousal and increases the likelihood of aggression. School violence perpetrators have ruminated angrily. Research measures and personal accounts of anger rumination often contain revenge-planning as a subtheme, the relevance of which has received insufficient attention in accounting for aggressive behavior. This study differentially examines anger rumination with and without revenge-thinking, testing for their differential effects in association with aggression and life satisfaction. In a sample of 340 undergraduates, anger rumination (without revenge-thinking) was not significantly associated with self-reported physical or verbal aggression, while revenge-thinking was, controlling for gender and anger disposition. However, anger rumination, but not revenge-thinking, was associated with poorer life satisfaction. Relevant extensions for violence risk assessment, anger treatment, and future research concerning anger rumination are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive factors constitute an important risk factor to the development of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Engaging in depressive and anger rumination are uniquely associated with elevated vulnerabilities to STBs. Variations in attentional focus and control may further modify the impacts of rumination. For one, grit resembles the inflexible thinking patterns inherent in rumination, potentially contributing to one's capability of persisting in carrying out suicidal behaviors despite fears of pain or death. In the context of rumination, locus of control may alter the perspectives to which individuals attribute negative experiences. The current study examines the moderating roles of grit and locus of control on the impact of depressive and anger rumination on suicidality. Participants (N = 322) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring depressive rumination, anger rumination, grit, locus of control, and suicidal history (a history of suicidal ideation, history of suicidal attempts, or neither). Using hierarchical multinomial logistic regression in R , results revealed that, as opposed to working together, the proposed variables are more independently informative in distinguishing those with a history of suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, or neither. Findings provide unique contribution to the suicide literature pertaining to how individuals may perceive of their own internal locus of control and grit following suicidal thoughts and beliefs. Clinical implications and future directions are provided as recommendations in line with current findings. • Rumination, locus of control, and grit each differentiates individuals with and without a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. • External locus of control, depressive rumination, and anger rumination are associated with increased risks of suicidal ideation or behaviors; internal locus of control is protective against suicidal ideation. • Grit may serve protective functions by itself, but increases risks of suicide when interacting with other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, years have witnessed an increase of research on socio‐affective factors that can explain individual differences in aggressive tendencies between adolescence. Specifically, anger rumination and early maladaptive schemas have emerged as important factors, which could also constitute important prevention targets. Yet, recent studies have advanced the possibility that the relationship between these variables are mediated by other cognitive-emotional factors that are associated with aggression. Aims: This study sought to elucidate relationships among early maladaptive schemas, anger rumination and aggression with mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Methods: This study is a correlation study of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of high schools in 2020-2021 in Yasouj city, among which 340 students were selected by multi-stage sampling. The research instruments consisted of Early Young Shortcoming Schematic Form (SQ-SF), Boss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation by Garnefski et al. (2002) and anger rumination scale (ARS). The reliability of the questionnaires was approved using cronbach's alpha coefficient and Evaluation of the proposed model with path analysis was done. Results: Results revealed expected associations between anger rumination, early maladaptive schemas and aggression, Further, analyses of indirect effects revealed that cognitive emotion regulation strategies have mediating role for relationships between anger rumination and early maladaptive schemas with aggression. Conclusion: Overall, regarding the role of early maladaptive schemas, anger rumination, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in revealing and maintaining adolescent aggression, these variables can be targeted for reducing aggression.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and self-compassion-based therapy on anger rumination in women affected by infidelity. The method of this quasi-experimental study was with a pretest-posttest design with follow-up. The study population included all couples involved in marital infidelity who referred to Iranmehr Counseling and Psychological Services Center in Rasht in 2020, from which 20 couples (40 people) were selected as the sample by available sampling method. For data collection, Sukhodolsky et al. (2001) anger rumination questionnaire was used and emotion-focused couple therapy and self-compassion therapy sessions were performed for 16 sessions of 4 hours (one treatment every two hours) every week. After three months of treatment sessions to measure the duration of treatment, couples also participated in a follow-up session. Data were analyzed using combined analysis of variance. The results showed that the difference between emotion-focused couple therapy and self-compassion-based therapy on anger rumination was statistically significant (F = 13.05 and P = 0.001) and the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy on reducing anger rumination from treatment. It is based on more compassion.

Using the self-determination theory as the basis, this study examined the differences in the effects of two modes of anger suppression—self-initiated and externally induced persuasion—on the subscale of anger rumination. Eighty-seven university students were first asked to recall hypothetical situations where anger suppression occurred and then complete a survey using the anger rumination scale. Results of multilevel structural equation modeling indicated that memory of anger was higher when the anger was suppressed due to external persuasion compared to scenarios where it was suppressed by the individuals themselves. Therefore, self-determination is an effective approach to anger suppression that does not contribute to an increase in experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated a directional link between rage rumination and aggression. However, recent research suggests that this relationship is bidirectional. The current study examined the complex relationships between anger rumination and aggression using a moderated network approach in a longitudinal design while considering personal relative deprivation. Method: A total of 665 participants (59.25% female, agemean±SD = 19.01 ± 1.25) were enrolled at two‐time points. Assessments included self‐report measures of the Anger Rumination Scale, Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Relative Deprivation Scale. A Moderated Network Model (MMN) was used to test the complex links among anger rumination, aggression, and personal relative deprivation. Results: The analysis revealed that the link between anger rumination and aggression was complex and bidirectional. Notably, as the level of personal relative deprivation increased, verbal aggression had a positive conditional effect on anger afterthoughts in Wave 2, and thoughts of revenge had a positive conditional effect on verbal aggression in Wave 2. Moreover, as the first discovery, anger afterthoughts and anger had a negative conditional effect on each other across levels of personal relative deprivation in Wave 2. In addition, network comparison indicates that the MNMs structure was significantly different across timepoints, implying that anger rumination and aggression were inextricably linked in college students during isolation and that this complicated relationship was weakened after isolation. Conclusions: This study deepens our understanding of the bidirectional relationships between anger rumination and aggression and recognizes the moderating role of personal relative deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anger Rumination (AR) represents a maladaptive cognitive process that contributes negatively to psychosocial functioning. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties (e.g., factorial structure, measurement invariance, and reliability) of the Children's Anger Rumination Scale (CARS). Factorial structure was tested by contrasting alternative model representations of the instrument (one- and four-factor independent cluster models–confirmatory factor analysis [ICM-CFA], exploratory structural equation modelling [ESEM], bifactor-CFA and bifactor-ESEM) in a convenience sample of 552 Greek students (M age = 11.50 years; 53.6% girls). The hypothesized bifactor-ESEM solution, composed by a general anger rumination factor and four specific factors (Angry Afterthoughts, Thoughts of Revenge, Angry Memories, and Understanding of Causes) provided the best fit to the data and revealed the unitary dimensionality of the CARS. Measurement invariance across gender and age in level of the latent means indicated no significant differences in relation to AR tendency. The CARS showed internal consistency, one-month test–retest reliability as well as desirable patterns of convergent and discriminant validity. The predictive power of the instrument was also supported as participants' AR propensity was found to explain both depressive symptoms and bullying behaviors. Overall, our findings indicate that the CARS is a developmentally appropriate and psychometrically sound instrument that conceptualizes AR as an unidimensional construct among children and preadolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Need for cognition (NFC)—a stable personality trait associated with the enjoyment of thinking—has been shown to influence myriad social situations; however, no research has tested the direct and indirect effects of NFC on aggression. We predicted that NFC would negatively correlate with aggression, which would be mediated by rumination. Participants (N = 216 US adults) completed measures assessing NFC, aggression, and rumination. In line with our hypotheses, results showed that NFC was negatively correlated with aggression, and both anger rumination and more general rumination mediated this relationship. Future research and conclusions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in improving non-clinical adolescents' anger. MBI for anger and anger rumination among non-clinical adolescents has not yet been developed. Previous studies had two major limitations: First, the interventions were not based on Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), and second, there were no measures of mindfulness, impeding the development of effective anger prevention and treatment. This study adopted an intervention derived from MCBT to examine its effects in alleviating anger and anger rumination among non-clinical adolescents. A total of eight Japanese undergraduates participated in the intervention, which comprised five weekly sessions. The intervention modified some components of the original MBCT to focus on anger and anger rumination. Results indicate that the five-session intervention in the present study had a significant impact on anger rumination, trait anger, and anger-control, despite insufficient increases in mindfulness skills. A self-monitoring component, but not mindfulness exercises, may work in the intervention. The necessity of mindfulness components in interventions for adolescent anger is discussed. Future studies need to include appropriate measures of mindfulness and examine the effects of an intervention with a larger non-clinical adolescent sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emotional temperaments are consistently associated with psychopathology and recognized as a risk factor for many psychological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship remain unclear. Aim: This study aimed to conduct a path analysis of the effects of emotional temperaments on the symptoms of conduct disorder in adolescents by investigating the mediating role of anger rumination. Method: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted by the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population consisted of all first- and second-grade high school students in Urmia, Iran, in 2020-2021 academic years. A total of 220 students were selected by the multistage random sampling method and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (2003), Affective and Emotional Composite Temperaments Scale (2011), and Anger Rumination Scale (2001). Descriptive statistics were calculated to analyze the collected data in SPSS version 27, and a path analysis was performed using SmartPLS version 3 to test the study hypotheses. Results: The emotional temperaments of activation (β=0.21, p<0.01) and sensitivity (β=0.26, p<0.01) had direct positive effects on the symptoms of conduct disorder, whereas temperaments of control (β=-0.29, p<0.01), coping (β=-0.18, p<0.01), and inhibition (β=-0.11, p<0.01) had direct negative effects on these symptoms. The temperaments of activation (β=0.21, p<0.05), inhibition (β=0.11, p<0.01), and sensitivity (β=0.36, p<0.01) had direct positive effects on anger rumination, while the temperaments of control (β=- 0.45, p<0.01) and coping (β=-0.28, p<0.05) had direct negative effects on this variable. The results pertaining to the indirect effects of temperaments also indicated that anger rumination mediated the relationship between emotional temperaments and symptoms of conduct disorder (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that the temperaments of activation and sensitivity were risk factors for conduct disorder, whereas the temperaments of control, coping, and inhibition were protective factors for it. Besides, anger rumination mediated the effects of emotional temperaments on conduct disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, years have witnessed an increase of research on socio‐affective factors that can explain individual differences in aggressive tendencies between adolescence. Specifically, anger rumination and early maladaptive schemas have emerged as important factors, which could also constitute important prevention targets. Yet, recent studies have advanced the possibility that the relationship between these variables are mediated by other cognitive-emotional factors that are associated with aggression. Aims: This study sought to elucidate relationships among early maladaptive schemas, anger rumination and aggression with mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Methods: This study is a correlation study of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of high schools in 2020-2021 in Yasouj city, among which 340 students were selected by multi-stage sampling. The research instruments consisted of Early Young Shortcoming Schematic Form (SQ-SF), Boss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation by Garnefski et al. (2002) and anger rumination scale (ARS). The reliability of the questionnaires was approved using cronbach's alpha coefficient and Evaluation of the proposed model with path analysis was done. Results: Results revealed expected associations between anger rumination, early maladaptive schemas and aggression, Further, analyses of indirect effects revealed that cognitive emotion regulation strategies have mediating role for relationships between anger rumination and early maladaptive schemas with aggression. Conclusion: Overall, regarding the role of early maladaptive schemas, anger rumination, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in revealing and maintaining adolescent aggression, these variables can be targeted for reducing aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anger rumination is consistently associated with maladaptive psychopathological outcomes. However, there is a lack of research on the association between problematic cannabis use, cannabis use motives and anger rumination. Coping motives showed positive relationships with negative affectivity and emotion dysregulation, thus it might be possible that coping motives can mediate the effects of hostility and anger rumination on problematic cannabis use. Aims: The goal of the present study was to examine the mediating role of anger rumination and cannabis use motives on the relationship between hostility and problematic cannabis use. Methods: The cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of 764 past year cannabis users with a risk for problematic cannabis use (Males: 70.42% [N = 538], Age: M = 29.24 [SD = 7.55]). Standardized and online questionnaires measured problematic use and motives of cannabis use, anger rumination and hostility. Results: Structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed mediation model. Four significant indirect effects were identified in the mediation model. The positive effect of hostility on cannabis use problems was mediated (i) via coping motives, (ii) via anger rumination, (iii) via anger rumination and coping motives, and (iv) via anger rumination and conformity motives. Conclusions: The present study was the first that examined the construct of anger rumination in the context of cannabis use. Possible risk mechanisms via anger rumination and cannabis use motives with negative reinforcement were suggested in the context of problematic cannabis use. Self-medication tendencies and emotion dysregulation processes might explain these pathways.

Driving anger expression is a detrimental factor for traffic safety, suggesting that there is a need to investigate protective factors against anger expression and their underlying mechanisms, especially for young drivers. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of anger rumination on the relationship between self-compassion and driving anger expression. The final sample included 191 drivers ranging from 18 to 30 years in age who drove the least 1000 km in the previous year. These participants completed an online questionnaire package measuring self-compassion, driving anger expression and anger rumination in addition to some demographic items. As predicted, self-compassion was negatively related to total aggressive expression but positively related to constructive/adaptive anger expression. Self-compassion was also indirectly related to both aggressive and constructive/adaptive driving anger expression via total anger rumination and some anger rumination dimensions. The findings were discussed in relation to the previous literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anger rumination is a maladaptive cognitive-emotional process associated with aversive adjustment outcomes. Despite of evidence showing a close relationship between anger rumination and depressive symptoms across adolescence, their longitudinal relationship is still unknown. The goal of the present study was to examine the bidirectional association between self-reported anger rumination and depressive symptoms at two waves, spaced 1-year. Participants were 304 early adolescents (44.7% boys; Mage = 10.80 years, SD = 0.16). Cross-lagged analyses showed that depressive symptoms predicted increases in anger rumination but not vice versa. These relationships were consistent across boys and girls. Overall, the findings suggest that depressive symptoms may be a potential risk factor for anger rumination in early adolescence. Implications for preventions and treatments are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Anger rumination and imagined violence, in the context of anger/aggression proclivity, are examined for their direct and conjoint associations with violent behavior by psychiatric patients. Method: A secondary analysis of data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Study was conducted with 1136 acute civil commitment patients, assessed during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. Anger/aggression proclivity was assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale hostility subscale, anger rumination was indexed using items from the Novaco Anger Scale, and imagined violence was measured with Grisso's Schedule of Imagined Violence. Violence, prehospitalization and posthospitalization, was indexed by the MacArthur project measure. Results: Correlational analyses, mediation analyses, and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. Anger rumination significantly predicted pre‐ and posthospitalization violence, when controlling for age, sex, race, childhood physical abuse, and anger/aggression proclivity; and it partially mediated the relation between anger/aggression proclivity and violence. Imagined violence and anger rumination were highly inter‐related. When imagined violence was added to the regression model, it was a significant predictor of prehospitalization violence; however, it did not moderate the association of anger rumination with pre‐ or posthospitalization violence. Conclusion: Anger rumination may be a mechanism through which anger activates violent behavior, which has important implications for psychotherapeutic intervention targeting. Future research should investigate the association between anger rumination and imagined violence, with attention given to revenge planning as a link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring mindfulness without accounting for specific contexts may lead to controversial results. This study attempted to examine whether the newly proposed construct of interpersonal mindfulness, mindfulness as it happens within the interpersonal context, was connected to forgiveness and the mechanisms behind this connection. Data were collected from 312 participants using measures of interpersonal mindfulness, trait mindfulness, anger rumination, state anger, self‐reported forgiveness, and forgiving behavior. Results showed that interpersonal mindfulness was significantly associated with both self‐reported forgiveness and forgiving behavior even while accounting for trait mindfulness. Mediation analysis revealed that anger rumination and state anger could mediate this link separately and sequentially, but only when trait mindfulness was uncontrolled. When controlling for trait mindfulness, the mediating role of state anger remained significant, but neither anger rumination nor the serial combination did. An alternative model was also supported, showing that after controlling for interpersonal mindfulness, trait mindfulness was indirectly associated with forgiveness through anger rumination and the serial mediating effect of anger rumination and state anger, but not state anger. These findings suggest that interpersonal mindfulness is more suitable for predicting interpersonal forgiveness than trait mindfulness. State anger may operate as a proximal mechanism in explaining how mindfulness relates to interpersonal forgiveness, whereas anger rumination may operate at a more distal level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current literature on age-specific risk factors for suicide in older adulthood is lacking. One risk factor for younger-life suicide, rumination, has not been extensively studied in older adults, but from prior research, may be more relevant to late-life vs. early life suicide. The current study investigated how multiple subtypes of rumination (i.e., brooding, reflection, and anger rumination) relate to suicidal ideation and recent suicidal behavior in late life., Methods: 378 participants aged 50-90 (mean age 63.4, SD 7.5) were recruited into a case-control study examining suicide in older adults. Participants were recruited into three groups: 1) depressed adults who had made a recent (past two years) suicide attempt, 2) those with depression but no suicide attempt, and 3) a healthy comparison group. Among depressed groups, we examined relationships between rumination types, trait anger, depression, and suicidal ideation. Then, we conducted logistic regression to test which variables were related to having made a suicide attempt in the past two years among those with current suicidal ideation., Results: All forms of rumination were related to depression. Brooding was related to ideation severity, but only depression severity related to presence of ideation. Anger rumination and ideation severity each contributed unique variance in their prediction of recent suicide attempts., Limitations: Our cross-section design does not allow for causal claims; future studies should consider using ecological momentary assessment approaches., Conclusions: Treatments to decrease rumination without an intense cognitive component should be considered for late-life patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objectives: Conduct disorder is one of the most common disorders in adolescence that is a riskfactor for psychopathology in adulthood. The aim of this study was the causal modeling of conduct disorder signsbased on childhood maltreatment and peer rejection with the mediating role of anger rumination.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population included all first andsecond periods of high school students in Urmia in the 2020-2021 academic year. Two hundred and twenty peoplewere selected by multistage random sampling method and answered the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Peer Social Rejection Scale, and Anger Rumination Scale. Data were analyzedusing structural equation modeling. Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that the coefficients of direct path of childhood abuse(β=0.458, p<0.001) and anger rumination (β=0.240, p=0.012) to the signs of conduct disorder were significant. Inaddition, childhood maltreatment and peer rejection had an indirect effect on the signs of conduct disorder with themediating role of anger rumination. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that childhood maltreatment and rumination of anger can be consideredas risk factors for conduct disorder. Social rejection by peers also leads to conduct disorder with increasedrumination of anger. These results can be used in designing preventive and intervensional programs of conductdisorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how real scenarios of racial hostility and discrimination trigger anger rumination tendencies in refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants (hereafter RASI). Undergoing discrimination often leads to the development of negative thoughts and behaviors, and to a loss of meaning and self-worth. This could make young RASI particularly vulnerable to being recruited and exploited by extremist groups as they search for identity. We developed a picture-elicitation instrument (the PEI) to provide professionals with a tool that could identify groups of RASI according to their reactions to discrimination scenarios and explore how racial hostility might influence withdrawal levels. The tool was applied with the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS_19) to 509 RASI of Latin American origin living in Spain. Four categories were identified, according to how RASI processed anger when observing discrimination scenarios: "Social desirability", "Chewing", "Grudge", and "Vengeful". Further analyses showed that the youngest (18–29) fell under the "Grudge" and "Vengeful" categories and revealed more despair and social isolation. This study makes a positive contribution by being the first to investigate the problem of anger rumination in RASI undergoing racial hostility. Moreover, it equips professionals with two tools that, once validated, may help plan and implement strategies to reduce the impact of hostility on both RASI and their host societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies suggested that childhood maltreatment was associated with cyberbullying. However, it's not clear the internal cognitive processes of how maltreatment causes cyberbullying. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the effect of childhood maltreatment on cyberbullying and the mediating effects of hostile attribution bias and anger rumination. A sample of 528 college students completed the measures of childhood maltreatment, cyberbullying, hostile attribution bias, and anger rumination. Multiple mediation analysis and bootstrapping showed that hostile attribution bias and anger rumination mediated the link between child maltreatment and cyberbullying. The results of this study suggested that childhood maltreatment increased the risk of cyberbullying, which was caused by a co-effect of hostile attribution bias and anger rumination, and it provides an intervention direction for effectively preventing the cyberbullying in abused individuals.

• Mindfulness levels can mitigate aggressive driving behavior. • Mindfulness decreases levels of driving anger and anger rumination. • Mindfulness training may reduce aggressive driving behaviors and enhance road safety. Mindfulness is a state of being fully attentive to the current moment and is an experiential way of living in daily life. As a personal trait, mindfulness has been proven to enhance various negative emotions and behaviors. However, in the field of driving, there is still a lack of research on the mechanisms of mindfulness on anger expression behavior, specifically aggressive driving. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of mindfulness on drivers' aggressive driving behaviors and the mediating effect of driving anger and anger rumination. A total of 350 (208 males and 142 females) participants in China voluntarily completed a series of questionnaires, including the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) and the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis and pathway analysis results showed that mindfulness negatively predicted driving anger, anger rumination and driving anger expression. Moreover, driving anger and anger rumination mediated the relationship between mindfulness and driving anger expression, accounting for 9.51% and 18.74% of the total effect, respectively. The chain-mediated effect of driving anger and anger rumination accounted for 8.00% of the total effect. This study has revealed some of the internal mechanisms through which mindfulness reduces aggressive driving. It fills a part of the gap in understanding the protective role of mindfulness in the driving domain. Furthermore, it suggests mindfulness interventions for drivers, which may have the potential to enhance overall road safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Online trolling is a highly prevalent online antisocial behaviour that has recently received increasing attention because of its potentially destructive consequences. The current study aimed to examine whether trait mindfulness was negatively related to online trolling and whether anger rumination mediated this relationship. We further examined whether online disinhibition moderated the direct and indirect relation between trait mindfulness and online trolling.Methods: A total of 1303 Chinese college students completed the measurements of trait mindfulness, anger rumination, online disinhibition, and online trolling. Moderated mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between these variables.Results: After controlling for sex, the results showed that trait mindfulness was negatively related to online trolling and that this relationship was partially mediated by anger rumination. Moreover, the effect of anger rumination on online trolling was strengthened when online disinhibition was high.Limitations: This study is a cross-sectional study, and causal inferences cannot be drawn.Conclusions: Individuals with trait mindfulness are less likely to ruminate anger and further express less online trolling. Online disinhibition serves as a risk factor for online trolling. Interventions targeting trait mindfulness, anger rumination, and online disinhibition might aid prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]