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1. Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Author

Santangelo, J.S., Ness, R.W., Cohan, B., Fitzpatrick, C.R., Innes, S.G., Koch, S., Miles, L.S., Munim, S., Peres-Neto, P.R., Prashad, C., Tong, A.T., Aguirre, W.E., Akinwole, P.O., Alberti, M., Álvarez, J., Anderson, J.T., Anderson, J.J., Ando, Y., Andrew, N.R., Angeoletto, F., Anstett, D.N., Anstett, J., Aoki-Gonçalves, F., Arietta, A.Z.A., Arroyo, M.T.K., Austen, E.J., Baena-Díaz, F., Barker, C.A., Baylis, H.A., Beliz, J.M., Benitez-Mora, A., Bickford, D., Biedebach, G., Blackburn, G.S., Boehm, M.M.A., Bonser, S.P., Bonte, D., Bragger, J.R., Branquinho, C., Brans, K.I., Bresciano, J.C., Brom, P.D., Bucharova, A., Burt, B., Cahill, J.F., Campbell, K.D., Carlen, E.J., Carmona, D., Castellanos, M.C., Centenaro, G., Chalen, I., Chaves, J.A., Chávez-Pesqueira, M., Chen, X-Y, Chilton, A.M., Chomiak, K.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Cisse, I.K., Classen, A.T., Comerford, M.S., Fradinger, C.C., Corney, H., Crawford, A.J., Crawford, K.M., Dahirel, M., David, S., De Haan, R., Deacon, N.J., Dean, C., del-Val, E., Deligiannis, E.K., Denney, D., Dettlaff, M.A., DiLeo, M.F., Ding, Y-Y, Domínguez-López, M.E., Dominoni, D.M., Draud, S.L., Dyson, K., Ellers, J., Espinosa, C.I., Essi, L., Falahati-Anbaran, M., Falcão, J.C.F., Fargo, H.T., Fellowes, M.D.E., Fitzpatrick, R.M., Flaherty, L.E., Flood, P. J., Flores, M.F., Fornoni, J., Foster, A.G., Frost, C.J., Fuentes, T.L., Fulkerson, J.R., Gagnon, E., Garbsch, F., Garroway, C.J., Gerstein, A.C., Giasson, M.M., Girdler, E.B., Gkelis, S., Godsoe, W., Golemiec, A.M., Golemiec, M., González-Lagos, C., Gorton, A.J., Gotanda, K.M., Granath, G., Greiner, S., Griffiths, J.S., Grilo, F., Gundel, P.E., Hamilton, B., Hardin, J.M., He, T., Heard, S.B., Henriques, A.F., Hernández-Poveda, M., Hetherington-Rauth, M.C., Hill, S.J., Hochuli, D.F., Hodgins, K.A., Hood, G.R., Hopkins, G.R., Hovanes, K.A., Howard, A.R., Hubbard, S.C., Ibarra-Cerdeña, C.N., Iñiguez-Armijos, C., Jara-Arancio, P., Jarrett, B.J.M., Jeannot, M., Jiménez-Lobato, V., Johnson, M., Johnson, O., Johnson, P.P., Johnson, R., Josephson, M.P., Jung, M.C., Just, M.G., Kahilainen, A., Kailing, O.S., Kariñho-Betancourt, E., Karousou, R., Kirn, L.A., Kirschbaum, A., Laine, A-L, LaMontagne, J.M., Lampei, C., Lara, C., Larson, E.L., Lázaro-Lobo, A., Le, J.H., Leandro, D.S., Lee, C., Lei, Y., León, C.A., Lequerica Tamara, M.E., Levesque, D.C., Liao, W-J, Ljubotina, M., Locke, H., Lockett, M.T., Longo, T.C., Lundholm, J.T., MacGillavry, T., Mackin, C.R., Mahmoud, A.R., Manju, I.A., Mariën, J., Martínez, D.N., Martínez-Bartolomé, M., Meineke, E.K., Mendoza-Arroyo, W., Merritt, T. J.S., Merritt, L.E.L., Migiani, G., Minor, E.S., Mitchell, N., Mohammadi Bazargani, M., Moles, A.T., Monk, J.D., Moore, C.M., Morales-Morales, P.A., Moyers, B.T., Muñoz-Rojas, M., Munshi-South, J., Murphy, S.M., Murúa, M.M., Neila, M., Nikolaidis, O., Njunjić, I., Nosko, P., Núñez-Farfán, J., Ohgushi, T., Olsen, K.M., Opedal, Ø.H., Ornelas, C., Parachnowitsch, A.L., Paratore, A.S., Parody-Merino, A.M., Paule, J., Paulo, O.S., Pena, J.C., Pfeiffer, V.W., Pinho, P., Piot, A., Porth, I.M., Poulos, N., Puentes, A., Qu, J., Quintero-Vallejo, E., Raciti, S.M., Raeymaekers, J.A.M., Raveala, K.M., Rennison, D.J., Ribeiro, M.C., Richardson, J.L., Rivas-Torres, G., Rivera, B. J., Roddy, A.B., Rodriguez-Muñoz, E., Román, J.R., Rossi, L.S., Rowntree, J.K., Ryan, T.J., Salinas, S., Sanders, N.J., Santiago-Rosario, L.Y., Savage, A.M., Scheepens, J.F., Schilthuizen, M., Schneider, A.C., Scholier, T., Scott, J.L., Shaheed, S.A., Shefferson, R.P., Shepard, C.A., Shykoff, J.A., Silveira, G., Smith, A.D., Solis-Gabriel, L., Soro, A., Spellman, K.V., Whitney, K.S., Starke-Ottich, I., Stephan, J.G., Stephens, J.D., Szulc, J., Szulkin, M., Tack, A.J.M., Tamburrino, Í., Tate, T.D., Tergemina, E., Theodorou, P., Thompson, K.A., Threlfall, C.G., Tinghitella, R.M., Toledo-Chelala, L., Tong, X., Uroy, L., Utsumi, S., Vandegehuchte, M.L., VanWallendael, A., Vidal, P.M., Wadgymar, S.M., Wang, A-Y, Wang, N., Warbrick, M.L., Whitney, K.D., Wiesmeier, M., Wiles, J.T., Wu, J., Xirocostas, Z.A., Yan, Z., Yao, J., Yoder, J.B., Yoshida, O., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Ziter, C.D., Zuellig, M.P., Zufall, R.A., Zurita, J.E., Zytynska, S.E., Johnson, M.T.J., Santangelo, J.S., Ness, R.W., Cohan, B., Fitzpatrick, C.R., Innes, S.G., Koch, S., Miles, L.S., Munim, S., Peres-Neto, P.R., Prashad, C., Tong, A.T., Aguirre, W.E., Akinwole, P.O., Alberti, M., Álvarez, J., Anderson, J.T., Anderson, J.J., Ando, Y., Andrew, N.R., Angeoletto, F., Anstett, D.N., Anstett, J., Aoki-Gonçalves, F., Arietta, A.Z.A., Arroyo, M.T.K., Austen, E.J., Baena-Díaz, F., Barker, C.A., Baylis, H.A., Beliz, J.M., Benitez-Mora, A., Bickford, D., Biedebach, G., Blackburn, G.S., Boehm, M.M.A., Bonser, S.P., Bonte, D., Bragger, J.R., Branquinho, C., Brans, K.I., Bresciano, J.C., Brom, P.D., Bucharova, A., Burt, B., Cahill, J.F., Campbell, K.D., Carlen, E.J., Carmona, D., Castellanos, M.C., Centenaro, G., Chalen, I., Chaves, J.A., Chávez-Pesqueira, M., Chen, X-Y, Chilton, A.M., Chomiak, K.M., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Cisse, I.K., Classen, A.T., Comerford, M.S., Fradinger, C.C., Corney, H., Crawford, A.J., Crawford, K.M., Dahirel, M., David, S., De Haan, R., Deacon, N.J., Dean, C., del-Val, E., Deligiannis, E.K., Denney, D., Dettlaff, M.A., DiLeo, M.F., Ding, Y-Y, Domínguez-López, M.E., Dominoni, D.M., Draud, S.L., Dyson, K., Ellers, J., Espinosa, C.I., Essi, L., Falahati-Anbaran, M., Falcão, J.C.F., Fargo, H.T., Fellowes, M.D.E., Fitzpatrick, R.M., Flaherty, L.E., Flood, P. J., Flores, M.F., Fornoni, J., Foster, A.G., Frost, C.J., Fuentes, T.L., Fulkerson, J.R., Gagnon, E., Garbsch, F., Garroway, C.J., Gerstein, A.C., Giasson, M.M., Girdler, E.B., Gkelis, S., Godsoe, W., Golemiec, A.M., Golemiec, M., González-Lagos, C., Gorton, A.J., Gotanda, K.M., Granath, G., Greiner, S., Griffiths, J.S., Grilo, F., Gundel, P.E., Hamilton, B., Hardin, J.M., He, T., Heard, S.B., Henriques, A.F., Hernández-Poveda, M., Hetherington-Rauth, M.C., Hill, S.J., Hochuli, D.F., Hodgins, K.A., Hood, G.R., Hopkins, G.R., Hovanes, K.A., Howard, A.R., Hubbard, S.C., Ibarra-Cerdeña, C.N., Iñiguez-Armijos, C., Jara-Arancio, P., Jarrett, B.J.M., Jeannot, M., Jiménez-Lobato, V., Johnson, M., Johnson, O., Johnson, P.P., Johnson, R., Josephson, M.P., Jung, M.C., Just, M.G., Kahilainen, A., Kailing, O.S., Kariñho-Betancourt, E., Karousou, R., Kirn, L.A., Kirschbaum, A., Laine, A-L, LaMontagne, J.M., Lampei, C., Lara, C., Larson, E.L., Lázaro-Lobo, A., Le, J.H., Leandro, D.S., Lee, C., Lei, Y., León, C.A., Lequerica Tamara, M.E., Levesque, D.C., Liao, W-J, Ljubotina, M., Locke, H., Lockett, M.T., Longo, T.C., Lundholm, J.T., MacGillavry, T., Mackin, C.R., Mahmoud, A.R., Manju, I.A., Mariën, J., Martínez, D.N., Martínez-Bartolomé, M., Meineke, E.K., Mendoza-Arroyo, W., Merritt, T. J.S., Merritt, L.E.L., Migiani, G., Minor, E.S., Mitchell, N., Mohammadi Bazargani, M., Moles, A.T., Monk, J.D., Moore, C.M., Morales-Morales, P.A., Moyers, B.T., Muñoz-Rojas, M., Munshi-South, J., Murphy, S.M., Murúa, M.M., Neila, M., Nikolaidis, O., Njunjić, I., Nosko, P., Núñez-Farfán, J., Ohgushi, T., Olsen, K.M., Opedal, Ø.H., Ornelas, C., Parachnowitsch, A.L., Paratore, A.S., Parody-Merino, A.M., Paule, J., Paulo, O.S., Pena, J.C., Pfeiffer, V.W., Pinho, P., Piot, A., Porth, I.M., Poulos, N., Puentes, A., Qu, J., Quintero-Vallejo, E., Raciti, S.M., Raeymaekers, J.A.M., Raveala, K.M., Rennison, D.J., Ribeiro, M.C., Richardson, J.L., Rivas-Torres, G., Rivera, B. J., Roddy, A.B., Rodriguez-Muñoz, E., Román, J.R., Rossi, L.S., Rowntree, J.K., Ryan, T.J., Salinas, S., Sanders, N.J., Santiago-Rosario, L.Y., Savage, A.M., Scheepens, J.F., Schilthuizen, M., Schneider, A.C., Scholier, T., Scott, J.L., Shaheed, S.A., Shefferson, R.P., Shepard, C.A., Shykoff, J.A., Silveira, G., Smith, A.D., Solis-Gabriel, L., Soro, A., Spellman, K.V., Whitney, K.S., Starke-Ottich, I., Stephan, J.G., Stephens, J.D., Szulc, J., Szulkin, M., Tack, A.J.M., Tamburrino, Í., Tate, T.D., Tergemina, E., Theodorou, P., Thompson, K.A., Threlfall, C.G., Tinghitella, R.M., Toledo-Chelala, L., Tong, X., Uroy, L., Utsumi, S., Vandegehuchte, M.L., VanWallendael, A., Vidal, P.M., Wadgymar, S.M., Wang, A-Y, Wang, N., Warbrick, M.L., Whitney, K.D., Wiesmeier, M., Wiles, J.T., Wu, J., Xirocostas, Z.A., Yan, Z., Yao, J., Yoder, J.B., Yoshida, O., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Ziter, C.D., Zuellig, M.P., Zufall, R.A., Zurita, J.E., Zytynska, S.E., and Johnson, M.T.J.

Abstract

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.

Published
2022

2. A global horizon scan of the future impacts of robotics and autonomous systems on urban ecosystems

Author

Goddard, MA, Davies, ZG, Guenat, S, Ferguson, MJ, Fisher, JC, Akanni, A, Ahjokoski, T, Anderson, PML, Angeoletto, F, Antoniou, C, Bates, AJ, Barkwith, A, Berland, A, Bouch, CJ, Rega-Brodsky, CC, Byrne, LB, Cameron, D, Canavan, R, Chapman, T, Connop, S, Crossland, S, Dade, MC, Dawson, DA, Dobbs, C, Downs, CT, Ellis, EC, Escobedo, FJ, Gobster, P, Gulsrud, NM, Guneralp, B, Hahs, AK, Hale, JD, Hassall, C, Hedblom, M, Hochuli, DF, Inkinen, T, Ioja, I-C, Kendal, D, Knowland, T, Kowarik, I, Langdale, SJ, Lerman, SB, MacGregor-Fors, I, Manning, P, Massini, P, McLean, S, Mkwambisi, DD, Ossola, A, Luque, GP, Perez-Urrestarazu, L, Perini, K, Perry, G, Pett, TJ, Plummer, KE, Radji, RA, Roll, U, Potts, SG, Rumble, H, Sadler, JP, de Saille, S, Sautter, S, Scott, CE, Shwartz, A, Smith, T, Snep, RPH, Soulsbury, CD, Stanley, MC, Van de Voorde, T, Venn, SJ, Warren, PH, Washbourne, C-L, Whitling, M, Williams, NSG, Yang, J, Yeshitela, K, Yocom, KP, Dallimer, M, Goddard, MA, Davies, ZG, Guenat, S, Ferguson, MJ, Fisher, JC, Akanni, A, Ahjokoski, T, Anderson, PML, Angeoletto, F, Antoniou, C, Bates, AJ, Barkwith, A, Berland, A, Bouch, CJ, Rega-Brodsky, CC, Byrne, LB, Cameron, D, Canavan, R, Chapman, T, Connop, S, Crossland, S, Dade, MC, Dawson, DA, Dobbs, C, Downs, CT, Ellis, EC, Escobedo, FJ, Gobster, P, Gulsrud, NM, Guneralp, B, Hahs, AK, Hale, JD, Hassall, C, Hedblom, M, Hochuli, DF, Inkinen, T, Ioja, I-C, Kendal, D, Knowland, T, Kowarik, I, Langdale, SJ, Lerman, SB, MacGregor-Fors, I, Manning, P, Massini, P, McLean, S, Mkwambisi, DD, Ossola, A, Luque, GP, Perez-Urrestarazu, L, Perini, K, Perry, G, Pett, TJ, Plummer, KE, Radji, RA, Roll, U, Potts, SG, Rumble, H, Sadler, JP, de Saille, S, Sautter, S, Scott, CE, Shwartz, A, Smith, T, Snep, RPH, Soulsbury, CD, Stanley, MC, Van de Voorde, T, Venn, SJ, Warren, PH, Washbourne, C-L, Whitling, M, Williams, NSG, Yang, J, Yeshitela, K, Yocom, KP, and Dallimer, M

Abstract

Technology is transforming societies worldwide. A major innovation is the emergence of robotics and autonomous systems (RAS), which have the potential to revolutionize cities for both people and nature. Nonetheless, the opportunities and challenges associated with RAS for urban ecosystems have yet to be considered systematically. Here, we report the findings of an online horizon scan involving 170 expert participants from 35 countries. We conclude that RAS are likely to transform land use, transport systems and human-nature interactions. The prioritized opportunities were primarily centred on the deployment of RAS for the monitoring and management of biodiversity and ecosystems. Fewer challenges were prioritized. Those that were emphasized concerns surrounding waste from unrecovered RAS, and the quality and interpretation of RAS-collected data. Although the future impacts of RAS for urban ecosystems are difficult to predict, examining potentially important developments early is essential if we are to avoid detrimental consequences but fully realize the benefits.

Published
2021

9. Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Author

Santangelo, JS, Ness, RW, Cohan, B, Fitzpatrick, CR, Innes, SG, Koch, S, Miles, LS, Munim, S, Peres-Neto, PR, Prashad, C, Tong, AT, Aguirre, WE, Akinwole, PO, Alberti, M, Álvarez, J, Anderson, JT, Anderson, JJ, Ando, Y, Andrew, NR, Angeoletto, F, Anstett, DN, Anstett, J, Aoki-Gonçalves, F, Andis Arietta, AZ, Arroyo, MTK, Austen, EJ, Baena-Díaz, F, Barker, CA, Baylis, HA, Beliz, JM, Benitez-Mora, A, Bickford, D, Biedebach, G, Blackburn, GS, Boehm, MMA, Bonser, SP, Bonte, D, Bragger, JR, Branquinho, C, Brans, KI, Bresciano, JC, Brom, PD, Bucharova, A, Burt, B, Cahill, JF, Campbell, KD, Carlen, EJ, Carmona, D, Castellanos, MC, Centenaro, G, Chalen, I, Chaves, JA, Chávez-Pesqueira, M, Chen, XY, Chilton, AM, Chomiak, KM, Cisneros-Heredia, DF, Cisse, IK, Classen, AT, Comerford, MS, Fradinger, CC, Corney, H, Crawford, AJ, Crawford, KM, Dahirel, M, David, S, De Haan, R, Deacon, NJ, Dean, C, del-Val, E, Deligiannis, EK, Denney, D, Dettlaff, MA, DiLeo, MF, Ding, YY, Domínguez-López, ME, Dominoni, DM, Draud, SL, Dyson, K, Ellers, J, Espinosa, CI, Essi, L, Falahati-Anbaran, M, Falcão, JCF, Fargo, HT, Fellowes, MDE, Fitzpatrick, RM, Flaherty, LE, Flood, PJ, Flores, MF, Fornoni, J, Foster, AG, Frost, CJ, Fuentes, TL, Fulkerson, JR, Gagnon, E, Garbsch, F, Garroway, CJ, Gerstein, AC, Giasson, MM, Girdler, EB, Gkelis, S, and Godsoe, William

Published
2022
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10. Evaluating tramway infrastructure on biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Author

Moroń D, Beim M, Gudowska A, Angeoletto F, Celary W, Cwajna A, Indykiewicz P, Lenda M, Marjańska E, Menzel A, Skórka P, and Tryjanowski P

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Humans, Railroads, Animals, Biodiversity, Ecosystem
Abstract

Tramways in urban areas for mass transit has been suggested to have a lower environmental footprint than roads. However, studies on the impact of tramways and the surrounding infrastructure on biodiversity is extremely rare despite the potential ecological effects associated with this anthropogenic feature. Surprisingly, we found fewer than 10 papers published on tramway-wildlife interactions, which is significantly lower (vs dozens of thousands) than that of other transportation methods. As tramways and stations may be managed sustainably by planting short vegetation on the track and roofs of tramway stations, they may be good examples of land-sharing policies in green urban planning, improving both biodiversity and people's well-being. The potential environmental benefits of green practices for commercially available tramways should be strictly tested and applied, especially in the context of the growing popularity of tramway systems worldwide., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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11. Does urbanisation lead to parallel demographic shifts across the world in a cosmopolitan plant?

Author

Caizergues AE, Santangelo JS, Ness RW, Angeoletto F, Anstett DN, Anstett J, Baena-Diaz F, Carlen EJ, Chaves JA, Comerford MS, Dyson K, Falahati-Anbaran M, Fellowes MDE, Hodgins KA, Hood GR, Iñiguez-Armijos C, Kooyers NJ, Lázaro-Lobo A, Moles AT, Munshi-South J, Paule J, Porth IM, Santiago-Rosario LY, Whitney KS, Tack AJM, and Johnson MTJ

Subjects
Humans, Cities, Ecosystem, Demography, Urbanization, Genetic Drift
Abstract

Urbanisation is occurring globally, leading to dramatic environmental changes that are altering the ecology and evolution of species. In particular, the expansion of human infrastructure and the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats in cities is predicted to increase genetic drift and reduce gene flow by reducing the size and connectivity of populations. Alternatively, the 'urban facilitation model' suggests that some species will have greater gene flow into and within cities leading to higher diversity and lower differentiation in urban populations. These alternative hypotheses have not been contrasted across multiple cities. Here, we used the genomic data from the GLobal Urban Evolution project (GLUE), to study the effects of urbanisation on non-adaptive evolutionary processes of white clover (Trifolium repens) at a global scale. We found that white clover populations presented high genetic diversity and no evidence of reduced N e linked to urbanisation. On the contrary, we found that urban populations were less likely to experience a recent decrease in effective population size than rural ones. In addition, we found little genetic structure among populations both globally and between urban and rural populations, which showed extensive gene flow between habitats. Interestingly, white clover displayed overall higher gene flow within urban areas than within rural habitats. Our study provides the largest comprehensive test of the demographic effects of urbanisation. Our results contrast with the common perception that heavily altered and fragmented urban environments will reduce the effective population size and genetic diversity of populations and contribute to their isolation., (© 2024 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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12. Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.

Author

Santangelo JS, Ness RW, Cohan B, Fitzpatrick CR, Innes SG, Koch S, Miles LS, Munim S, Peres-Neto PR, Prashad C, Tong AT, Aguirre WE, Akinwole PO, Alberti M, Álvarez J, Anderson JT, Anderson JJ, Ando Y, Andrew NR, Angeoletto F, Anstett DN, Anstett J, Aoki-Gonçalves F, Arietta AZA, Arroyo MTK, Austen EJ, Baena-Díaz F, Barker CA, Baylis HA, Beliz JM, Benitez-Mora A, Bickford D, Biedebach G, Blackburn GS, Boehm MMA, Bonser SP, Bonte D, Bragger JR, Branquinho C, Brans KI, Bresciano JC, Brom PD, Bucharova A, Burt B, Cahill JF, Campbell KD, Carlen EJ, Carmona D, Castellanos MC, Centenaro G, Chalen I, Chaves JA, Chávez-Pesqueira M, Chen XY, Chilton AM, Chomiak KM, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Cisse IK, Classen AT, Comerford MS, Fradinger CC, Corney H, Crawford AJ, Crawford KM, Dahirel M, David S, De Haan R, Deacon NJ, Dean C, Del-Val E, Deligiannis EK, Denney D, Dettlaff MA, DiLeo MF, Ding YY, Domínguez-López ME, Dominoni DM, Draud SL, Dyson K, Ellers J, Espinosa CI, Essi L, Falahati-Anbaran M, Falcão JCF, Fargo HT, Fellowes MDE, Fitzpatrick RM, Flaherty LE, Flood PJ, Flores MF, Fornoni J, Foster AG, Frost CJ, Fuentes TL, Fulkerson JR, Gagnon E, Garbsch F, Garroway CJ, Gerstein AC, Giasson MM, Girdler EB, Gkelis S, Godsoe W, Golemiec AM, Golemiec M, González-Lagos C, Gorton AJ, Gotanda KM, Granath G, Greiner S, Griffiths JS, Grilo F, Gundel PE, Hamilton B, Hardin JM, He T, Heard SB, Henriques AF, Hernández-Poveda M, Hetherington-Rauth MC, Hill SJ, Hochuli DF, Hodgins KA, Hood GR, Hopkins GR, Hovanes KA, Howard AR, Hubbard SC, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Iñiguez-Armijos C, Jara-Arancio P, Jarrett BJM, Jeannot M, Jiménez-Lobato V, Johnson M, Johnson O, Johnson PP, Johnson R, Josephson MP, Jung MC, Just MG, Kahilainen A, Kailing OS, Kariñho-Betancourt E, Karousou R, Kirn LA, Kirschbaum A, Laine AL, LaMontagne JM, Lampei C, Lara C, Larson EL, Lázaro-Lobo A, Le JH, Leandro DS, Lee C, Lei Y, León CA, Lequerica Tamara ME, Levesque DC, Liao WJ, Ljubotina M, Locke H, Lockett MT, Longo TC, Lundholm JT, MacGillavry T, Mackin CR, Mahmoud AR, Manju IA, Mariën J, Martínez DN, Martínez-Bartolomé M, Meineke EK, Mendoza-Arroyo W, Merritt TJS, Merritt LEL, Migiani G, Minor ES, Mitchell N, Mohammadi Bazargani M, Moles AT, Monk JD, Moore CM, Morales-Morales PA, Moyers BT, Muñoz-Rojas M, Munshi-South J, Murphy SM, Murúa MM, Neila M, Nikolaidis O, Njunjić I, Nosko P, Núñez-Farfán J, Ohgushi T, Olsen KM, Opedal ØH, Ornelas C, Parachnowitsch AL, Paratore AS, Parody-Merino AM, Paule J, Paulo OS, Pena JC, Pfeiffer VW, Pinho P, Piot A, Porth IM, Poulos N, Puentes A, Qu J, Quintero-Vallejo E, Raciti SM, Raeymaekers JAM, Raveala KM, Rennison DJ, Ribeiro MC, Richardson JL, Rivas-Torres G, Rivera BJ, Roddy AB, Rodriguez-Muñoz E, Román JR, Rossi LS, Rowntree JK, Ryan TJ, Salinas S, Sanders NJ, Santiago-Rosario LY, Savage AM, Scheepens JF, Schilthuizen M, Schneider AC, Scholier T, Scott JL, Shaheed SA, Shefferson RP, Shepard CA, Shykoff JA, Silveira G, Smith AD, Solis-Gabriel L, Soro A, Spellman KV, Whitney KS, Starke-Ottich I, Stephan JG, Stephens JD, Szulc J, Szulkin M, Tack AJM, Tamburrino Í, Tate TD, Tergemina E, Theodorou P, Thompson KA, Threlfall CG, Tinghitella RM, Toledo-Chelala L, Tong X, Uroy L, Utsumi S, Vandegehuchte ML, VanWallendael A, Vidal PM, Wadgymar SM, Wang AY, Wang N, Warbrick ML, Whitney KD, Wiesmeier M, Wiles JT, Wu J, Xirocostas ZA, Yan Z, Yao J, Yoder JB, Yoshida O, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Ziter CD, Zuellig MP, Zufall RA, Zurita JE, Zytynska SE, and Johnson MTJ

Subjects
Cities, Genes, Plant, Genome, Plant, Hydrogen Cyanide metabolism, Rural Population, Trifolium genetics, Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Ecosystem, Trifolium physiology, Urbanization
Abstract

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.

Published
2022
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13. A global horizon scan of the future impacts of robotics and autonomous systems on urban ecosystems.

Author

Goddard MA, Davies ZG, Guenat S, Ferguson MJ, Fisher JC, Akanni A, Ahjokoski T, Anderson PML, Angeoletto F, Antoniou C, Bates AJ, Barkwith A, Berland A, Bouch CJ, Rega-Brodsky CC, Byrne LB, Cameron D, Canavan R, Chapman T, Connop S, Crossland S, Dade MC, Dawson DA, Dobbs C, Downs CT, Ellis EC, Escobedo FJ, Gobster P, Gulsrud NM, Guneralp B, Hahs AK, Hale JD, Hassall C, Hedblom M, Hochuli DF, Inkinen T, Ioja IC, Kendal D, Knowland T, Kowarik I, Langdale SJ, Lerman SB, MacGregor-Fors I, Manning P, Massini P, McLean S, Mkwambisi DD, Ossola A, Luque GP, Pérez-Urrestarazu L, Perini K, Perry G, Pett TJ, Plummer KE, Radji RA, Roll U, Potts SG, Rumble H, Sadler JP, de Saille S, Sautter S, Scott CE, Shwartz A, Smith T, Snep RPH, Soulsbury CD, Stanley MC, Van de Voorde T, Venn SJ, Warren PH, Washbourne CL, Whitling M, Williams NSG, Yang J, Yeshitela K, Yocom KP, and Dallimer M

Subjects
Cities, Forecasting, Humans, Biodiversity, Ecosystem
Abstract

Technology is transforming societies worldwide. A major innovation is the emergence of robotics and autonomous systems (RAS), which have the potential to revolutionize cities for both people and nature. Nonetheless, the opportunities and challenges associated with RAS for urban ecosystems have yet to be considered systematically. Here, we report the findings of an online horizon scan involving 170 expert participants from 35 countries. We conclude that RAS are likely to transform land use, transport systems and human-nature interactions. The prioritized opportunities were primarily centred on the deployment of RAS for the monitoring and management of biodiversity and ecosystems. Fewer challenges were prioritized. Those that were emphasized concerns surrounding waste from unrecovered RAS, and the quality and interpretation of RAS-collected data. Although the future impacts of RAS for urban ecosystems are difficult to predict, examining potentially important developments early is essential if we are to avoid detrimental consequences but fully realize the benefits.

Published
2021
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14. Map-A-Mole: Greenspace Area Influences the Presence and Abundance of the European Mole Talpa europaea in Urban Habitats.

Author

Fellowes MDE, Acquaah-Harrison K, Angeoletto F, Santos JWMC, da Silva Leandro D, Rocha EA, Pirie TJ, and Thomas RL

Abstract

The European mole Talpa europaea is common across much of Britain. It has a unique fossorial lifestyle, and evidence of its presence is readily identified through the presence of characteristic molehills. Although molehills are often a common sight in urban greenspaces, moles are remarkably understudied, with very few studies to date exploring the urban ecology of moles. Here, we investigate if factors such as greenspace (largely urban parks and playing fields) area, intensity of management, distance to nearest patch, amount of time the patch had been isolated from other green patches, and the amount of urbanization (constructed surfaces) surrounding the patch, influence the distribution and abundance of urban moles. Mole signs (hills and surface runs) were counted in all discrete urban greenspaces (excluding domestic gardens and one private golf course) within an 89.5 km 2 area in the UK town of Reading. We found that 17 out of 59 surveyed sites contained moles, with their presence being recorded in greenspaces with a minimum patch area of approximately 0.1 km 2 (10 ha). Where present, the abundance of mole territories in the greenspaces was associated with both the area of greenspace and degree of urbanization within 150 m of the patch boundary. While the former was not surprising, the latter outcome may be a consequence of sites with an increased risk of flooding being home to fewer moles, and the surrounding area is also less likely to be built upon. This case study highlights how choices made in designing urban green infrastructure will determine which species survive in urban areas long into the future.

Published
2020
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