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Objective: This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of male involvement in family planning (FP) and its association with knowledge and spouse discussion in Ethiopia., Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines., Data Sources: The study was conducted by the articles searched from different databases: (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, HINARI and Google Scholar)., Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies: This research encompassed investigations carried out within married couples in Ethiopia, specifically focusing on studies where male involvement in FP was the primary outcome. The inclusion criteria comprised studies with an observational study design, encompassing both published and unpublished works, conducted in the English language, with no restrictions on data collection and publication year., Data Extraction and Synthesis: Following a systematic search of the articles, two independent authors assessed the quality of the studies, and data extraction was conducted using Microsoft Excel. The data analysis was performed by using STATA V.17. The overall level of male involvement in FP in Ethiopia was calculated using DerSimonian and Liard's random-effect model, with a significance level set at a p<0.05. Heterogeneity was examined using the I 2 test, and Egger's test was employed to assess publication bias., Results: The pooled prevalence of male involvement in FP in Ethiopia was 59.71% (95% CI (47.68% to 71.73%)). Good knowledge regarding FP (AOR 6.63, 95% CI (2.58 to 17.03)) and spouse discussion on FP (AOR 4.36, 95% CI (2.50 to 7.59)) were significantly associated with male involvement in FP., Conclusions: The prevalence of male involvement in FP in Ethiopia was low as compared with other literature conducted outside Ethiopia. Both good knowledge and spouse discussion regarding FP were significantly associated with male involvement in FP. So, the government and healthcare providers should focus on interventions that could increase their knowledge through different media. In addition, encouraging couples to have a discussion regarding FP could be a recalled intervention for healthcare providers., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: The majority of maternal and newborn deaths take place during the first few hours and days after birth and thus postnatal contacts should begin as early as possible, especially within the first 24 h, then again within two to three days after delivery. Globally, early postnatal discharge has increased over the past 50 years and currently too. Even if Ethiopia has very low PNC coverage, there is no evidence on who is discharged early. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and the predictors for early postnatal discharge in Ethiopia., Methods: This study was based on the secondary data analysis using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health survey (EDHS) 2016 data set. The weighted sample of 2,225 delivered mothers were included for the final analysis. The model was best fitted as assessed by Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p value = 0.1988). The variables with P-value ≤ 0.2 in the bi- variable binary logistic regression analysis were included in to the multi-variable binary logistic regression analysis. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was computed to assess the strength of association between the outcome and independent variables. The variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 in the multi-variable binary logistic regression analysis were declared as statistically significant predictors of the outcome variable., Result: The overall magnitude of early discharge was 70.41% (CI: 68.48, 72.30). Residence (rural; AOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.80), educational status (No education; AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.94), religion (Muslim; AOR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.87, Others; AOR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.57), wealth index (Poor; AOR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.99), marital status (Not married; AOR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.67), ANC visits (No ANC visits; AOR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46,0.86), parity (3rd parity; AOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.11), and size of the child (larger size; AOR: 0.63;95% CI: 0.50,0.79, (smaller size; AOR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56,0.92) were independent determinants of early discharge., Conclusion: A substantial proportions of mothers in Ethiopia had been discharged early (before 24 h). Residence, education, wealth index, religion, marital status, ANC follow up, parity and size of the child were predictors of early discharge. Adequate hospital stay should be promoted. Since the early discharge in Ethiopia is very high, home based postnatal visit should be strengthened focusing the identified predictors., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Anemia is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes in hypertensive patients. Chronic anemia increases preload, reduces afterload, and leads to increased cardiac output in hypertension patients. In the long term, this may result in maladaptive left ventricular hypertrophy, which in turn is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality in hypertension. Low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels might be strongly indicate hypertensive end-organ damage, specifically kidney failure. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among hypertensive patients in Referral Hospitals, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, in 2020. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Amhara Regional Referral Hospitals from February 20 to April 30, 2020. Random and systemic sampling techniques were used to select 428 study participants. Data were entered and coded in to Epi data version 3.0 and then exported into STATA 14 for analysis. In bivariable logistic regression, variables with a p-value of < 0.25 were included in multivariable logistic regression. Using a 95% confidence interval, variables having a p-value ≤ 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were declared as statistically significant variables. In this study, a total of 428 study participants were involved with 99.5% response rate. The prevalence of anemia among hypertensive patients was 17.6%, with a 95% CI (14.3-21.5%). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 ml/min (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.56- 4.92)], duration of hypertension (HTN) ≥ 5 years (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.36-4.15), uncontrolled blood pressure (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.08-3.35), and higher pulse pressure (AOR = 1.05 (95% CI 1.02-1.08) were significantly associated with anemia. Nearly one out of five hypertensive patients had anemia. Impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate, duration of HTN, blood pressure status, and pulse pressure were the independent predictors of anemia among hypertensive patients. Screening hemoglobin level at a regular interval is recommended for the hypertensive patients to take an appropriate intervention., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Background: Birth defects (BDs) are structural, behavioral, functional, and metabolic disorders present at birth. Due to lack of knowledge, families and communities stigmatized pregnant women following the birth of a child with birth defects. In Ethiopia, there was limited evidence to assess the level of knowledge among pregnant women despite increasing magnitude of birth defects., Objectives: This study aims to assess pregnant women's knowledge of birth defects and its associated factors among antenatal care (ANC) attendees in referral hospitals of Amhara regional state in 2019., Materials and Methods: Between 1 June and 30 June 2019, 636 pregnant women receiving prenatal care participated in an institution-based cross-sectional study. The approach for sampling was multistage. A semi-structured pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered in EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p -value of ≤0.05 declared statistical significance association., Results: A total of 636 pregnant women were included in the analysis. Accordingly, pregnant women's knowledge of birth defects was found to be 49.2% (95% CI: 45.4-53.1). Age group of <25 years (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04-0.61), urban residence (AOR = 6.06, 95% CI: 2.17-16.94), ANC booked before 20 weeks of gestational age (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.37-8.54), and ever heard on birth defects (AOR = 5.00, 95% CI: 1.87-13.43) were significantly associated factors with pregnant women's knowledge of birth defects., Conclusions: Approximately half of the pregnant mothers were aware of birth defects. Addressing pre-pregnancy and pregnancy health information and education particularly on the prevention of birth defects is recommended., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Ferede, Kassie, Mosu, Getahun, Taye, Desta and Fetene.)

Background: Global maternal deaths have either increased or stagnated tragically. Obstetric hemorrhage (OH) remains the major cause of maternal deaths. Non-Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG) has several positive results in the management of obstetric hemorrhage in resource-limited settings where getting definitive treatments are difficult and limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion and factors associated with the utilization of NASG for the management of obstetric hemorrhage among healthcare providers in the North Shewa zone, Ethiopia., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at health facilities of the north Shewa zone, Ethiopia from June 10th-30th/2021. A simple random sampling (SRS) technique was employed among 360 healthcare providers. Data were collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. EpiData version 4.6 and SPSS 25 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify associated factors with the outcome variable. The level of significance was decided at a value of p of <0.05., Results: The utilization of NASG for the management of obstetric hemorrhage among healthcare providers was 39% (95%CI: 34-45). Healthcare providers who received training on NASG (AOR = 3.3; 95%CI: 1.46-7.48), availability of NASG in the health facility (AOR = 9.17; 95%CI: 5.10-16.46), diploma (AOR = 2.63; 95%CI: 1.39-3.68), bachelor degree (AOR = 7.89; 95%CI: 3.1-16.29) and those healthcare providers who have a positive attitude toward utilization of NASG (AOR = 1.63; 95%CI: 1.14-2.82) were variables positively associated with the utilization of NASG., Conclusion: In this study, almost two-fifths of healthcare providers used NASG for the management of obstetrics hemorrhage. Arranging educational opportunities and continuous professional development training for healthcare providers, providing in-service and refresher training, and making it available at health facilities may help healthcare providers to effectively use the device, thereby reducing maternal morbidity and mortality., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Taye, Silesh Zerihun, Moltot Kitaw, Amogne, Kindie Behulu, Lemma Demisse, Chekole, Fitie, Worku, Kibiret, Ferede, Bejtual, Desalegn, Tiguh, Mihret and Kebede.)

Introduction: Obstructed labor is one of the most common preventable causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, 36% of maternal mortality was due to obstructed labor with uterine rupture. Thus, this study proposed to measure predictors of maternal mortality among women with obstructed labor in a tertiary academic medical center in Southern Ethiopia., Methods: An institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at Hawassa University Specialized Hospital from July 25 to September 30, 2018. Women who had obstructed labor from 2015 to 2017 were recruited. A pretested checklist was used to retrieve data from the woman's chart. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify variables associated with maternal mortality, and variables with a p -value <.05 were considered significant at 95% CI., Results: With a response rate of 96.3%, 156 moms who experienced labor obstruction were included in the study. Obstructed labor caused the deaths of 14 women, resulting in a maternal mortality rate of 8.9% (95% CI: 7.15, 16.4). Maternal mortality from obstructed labor was reduced in women who received antenatal care visits (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.76) and blood transfusions (AOR =  0.49, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.89). Women who experienced uterine rupture (AOR =  6.25, 95% CI: 5.3, 15.6) and antepartum hemorrhage (AOR = 14, 95% CI: 2.45, 70.5) had a greater risk of maternal mortality than women who did not have the corresponding morbidity., Conclusions: The center had a higher rate of maternal mortality due to obstructed labor. Early screening and improving the care for women at greatest risk of antenatal and postnatal co-morbidities like uterine rupture and shock were the major priorities and fundamental strategies to decreasing maternal mortality. It also showed that antenatal care visits, early referral, and blood transfusion for women with obstructed labor should be amended in order to lower maternal mortality., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Background: Incomplete immunization and non-immunization increase the risk of disease and death among children. This study aims to assess childhood vaccination practices and associated factors among mothers and caregivers in Debre Tabor town, Amhara region, Ethiopia., Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted between February 30 and April 30, 2022. The study participants were proportionally allocated to all six kebeles found in the town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The collected data were checked and coded and then entered into EpiData Version 3.1 and exported into SPSS Version 26. The results were organized using frequency tables, graphs, and charts, and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to test the association of covariates with childhood vaccination practices., Result: Approximately 422 study mothers and caregivers participated in the study, with a response rate of 100%. The mean age was 30.63 years (11.74), which ranged from 18 to 58 years. More than half of the study participants (56.4%) expressed fears about the side effects of vaccination. A majority (78.4%) of the study participants availed of counseling services about vaccination, and 71.1% of them received regular antenatal care. This study found that approximately 280 [66.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 61.8-70.6] mothers/caregivers had a history of good childhood vaccination practices. The factors of the fear of side effects [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.72-6.49], no workload (AOR = 6.08; 95% CI: 1.74-21.22), medium workload (AOR = 4.80; 95% CI: 1.57-14.71), being a mother of child/children (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.27-5.13), positive attitude (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.32-3.82), and sound knowledge (AOR = 3.88; 95% CI: 2.26-6.68) were significantly associated with childhood vaccination practices., Conclusion: More than half of the study participants had a history of good childhood vaccination practices. However, the rate of such practices was low among mothers and caregivers. The fear of side effects, workload, motherhood, attitude, and knowledge were all factors associated with childhood vaccination practices. Awareness creation and a consideration of the workload of mothers would be helpful in dispelling fears and increasing the rate of good practices among mothers and caregivers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Simegn, Diress, Gela, Belay, Ayelign, Kibret, Chilot, Sinamaw, Abdu Seid, Andualem, Anmut Bitew, Eshetu and Mohammed Seid.)

Background: Puerperal sepsis is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, particularly in low and middle-income countries where most maternal deaths occur. Women with puerperal sepsis are prone to long-term disabilities, such as chronic pelvic pain, blocked fallopian tubes, and secondary infertility. Besides this, puerperal sepsis has received less attention. For this reason, this study aimed to determine the incidence of puerperal sepsis and its predictors among postpartum women at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital., Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 330 postpartum women from September 2020 to 2021. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire with a data extraction checklist was used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epi data 4.2 and analyzed using STATA 14.0. The incidence rate of puerperal sepsis was calculated, and a Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate the survival probability of developing puerperal sepsis. The cox-proportional hazards regression model was fitted to identify predictors of puerperal sepsis., Results: The study participants were followed for a total of 1685.3 person-week observations. The incidence rate of puerperal sepsis was 14.24 per 1,000 person-weeks. However, the overall incidence of puerperal sepsis was 7.27%. Not attending formal education [AHR: 3.55, 95% CI: (1.09-11.58)], a cesarean delivery [AHR: 4.50; 95% CI: (1.79-11.30)], premature rupture of the membranes [AHR: 3.25; 95% CI: (1.08-9.79)], complicated pregnancy [AHR: 4.80; 95% CI: (1.85-12.43)], being referred [AHR: 2.90; 95% CI: (1.10-7.65)], and not having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan [AHR: 2.95; 95% CI: (1.08-10.50)] were statistically significant predictors of puerperal sepsis., Conclusion: The incidence of puerperal sepsis was 7.27%. Not attending formal education, cesarean delivery, premature rupture of membranes, complicated pregnancy, referral status, and absence of birth preparedness and complication readiness plan were predictors associated with the incidence of puerperal sepsis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Bishaw, Sharew, Beka, Aynalem, Zeleke, Desta, Kassie, Amha, Eshete, Tamir, Bantigen, Mulugeta, Ferede and Bitewa.)

Background: Iron-rich food consumption has an invaluable effect for neonatal and fetal brain development as well as metabolic activities. Despite the public health importance of the consumption of iron-rich foods, there was no study, that assessed iron-rich food consumption in Rwanda. Therefore this study aimed to assess iron-rich food consumption and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months using Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS)., Methods: Secondary data analysis was done using RDHS-2019/20. Total weighted samples of 2455 children aged 6-23 months were included. Data coding, cleaning, and analysis were performed using Stata 16. Multilevel binary logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with iron-rich food consumption. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI, and p-value <0.05 were used to declare statistical significance., Results: The prevalence of good iron-rich food consumption was 23.56%(95% CI: 21.92,25.28). Northern province of Rwanda (AOR  =  0.26,95%CI: 0.15,0.46), mothers secondary education and above (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.41, 4.01), married mothers (AOR:1.31, 95% CI: 1.01,1.71), rich wealth status (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.86), having post-natal visit (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10,1.91), mothers media exposure (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.52) and drugs given for intestinal parasite (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.80) were associated with iron-rich food consumption., Conclusions: This study shows that overall iron-rich foods consumption was low in Rwanda. The residing in the North province, mother's secondary and higher educational status, married marital status, rich and middle wealth status, having media exposure, drugs given for intestinal parasites, and having child's post-natal checkup were variables significantly associated with iron-rich food consumption. The region-based intervention will improve the consumption of iron-rich food. In addition, health policies and programs should target educating mothers/caregivers, encouraging parents to live together, improving their wealth status, working on mass media access by the women, and encouraging mothers post-natal checkups to improve iron-rich food consumption., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Eshetu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Although substantial progress has been made in reducing child mortality over the last three decades, the magnitude of the problem remains immense. Ethiopia is one of the countries with a high under-five mortality rate due to childhood illnesses including acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, and fever that varies from place to place. It is vital to have evidence of the factors associated with childhood illnesses and the spatial distribution across the country to prioritize and design targeted interventions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the spatial cluster distribution and associated factors with common childhood illnesses. Secondary data analysis based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data was carried out. A total weighted sample of 10,417 children was included. The study used ArcGIS and SaTScan software to explore spatial distribution. For associated factors, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted using STATA V.14 software. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable model were used to declare significant factors associated with the problem. ICC, MOR, PCV, and deviance (-2LLR) were used to check model fitness and model comparison. In this study, the prevalence of common childhood illnesses among under-five children was 22.5% (95% CI: 21.6-23.3%). The spatial analysis depicted that common childhood illnesses have significant spatial variation across Ethiopia. The SaTScan analysis identified significant primary clusters in Tigray and Northern Amhara regions (log-likelihood ratio (LLR) = 60.19, p < 0.001). In the multilevel analysis, being rural residence [AOR = 1.39, 95% CI (1.01-1.98)], small child size at birth [AOR = 1.36, 95% CI (1.21-1.55)], high community poverty [AOR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.06-1.52)], mothers aged 35-49 [AOR = 0.81, 95% CI (0.69-0.94)], the household had electricity [AOR = 0.77, 95% CI (0.61-0.98)], the household had a refrigerator [AOR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.42-0.87)], improved drinking water [AOR = 0.82, 95% CI (0.70-0.95)], improved toilet [AOR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.54-0.94)], average child size at birth [AOR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.75-0.94)] were significantly associated with common childhood illnesses. Common childhood illnesses had spatial variations across Ethiopia. Hotspot areas of the problem were found in the Tigray, Northern Amhara, and Northeast SNNPR. Both individual and community-level factors affected common childhood illnesses distribution and prevalence in Ethiopia. Therefore, public health intervention should target the hotspot areas of common childhood illnesses to reduce their incidence in the country., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: In developing countries, home delivery without a skilled birth attendant is a common practice. It has been evidenced that unattended birth is linked with serious life-threatening complications for both the women and the newborn. Institutional delivery with a skilled birth assistance could reduce 20-30% of neonatal mortality. This study aimed to assess traditional birth attendants' (TBAs) utilization and associated factors for women who gave birth in the last two years in Angolella Tara District, Ethiopia., Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 416 women who gave birth in the last two years at rural Angolella Tara District. Study participants were recruited by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Epi Data 4.6 and SPSS version 25 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with women's utilization of traditional birth attendants. The level of significance in the last model was determined at a p-value of &lt;0.05., Result: Overall, 131 (31.5%) participants were used traditional birth attendants in their recent birth. Unmarried marital status (AOR 2.63; 95% CI: 1.16, 5.97), age at first marriage (AOR 2.31; 95%CI: 1.30, 4.09), time to reach health facility (AOR = 3.46; 95% CI: 1.94, 6.17), know danger sign of pregnancy and childbirth (AOR = 5.59, 95% CI; 2.89, 10.81), positive attitude towards traditional birth attendants (AOR = 2.56 95% CI; 1.21,5.52), had antenatal care follow-up (AOR: 0.11 95% CI 0.058, 0.21), and listening radio (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.99) were significantly associated factors with the use of traditional birth attendants., Conclusion: Nearly one-third of women used traditional birth attendant services for their recent birth. TBAs availability and accessibility in the community, and respect for culture and tradition, problems regarding infrastructure, delay or unavailability of ambulance upon call, and some participants knowing only TBAs for birth assistance were reasons for preference of TBAs. Therefore, effort should be made by care providers and policymakers to ensure that modern health care services are accessible for women in a friendly and culturally sensitive manner. In addition, advocacy through mass media about the importance of maternal health service utilization, particularly antenatal care would be important., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2022 Taye et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) preschool age children are more vulnerable to soil-transmitted helminths (STH) which caused millions of morbidity because of low socioeconomic status and lack of clean water and sanitation. Despite this problem, there is minimal evidence on the prevalence and factors associated with deworming medication utilization among preschool age children (pre-SAC) in SSA regions. Hence this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of deworming among preschool age children in SSA., Methods: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data were used for this study with a total weighted 192,652 children aged 24-59 months. Taking deworming medication in the 6 months preceding the interview was our outcome of interest. A multi-level binary logistic regression model was fitted. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was taken to identify significant variables., Results: The prevalence of deworming medication utilization among preschool age children in SSA was 45.03% (95% CI 44.46%, 45.60%), ranging from 41.82% in Malawi to 50.5% in Lesotho. It was 44.91% (95% CI 44.32%, 45.51%) among countries having endemic STH infection and 46.01% (95% CI 43.64%, 48.38%) for none endemic countries. Factors such as; secondary and above women education [AOR = 2.18; 95% CI 2.10, 2.26], occupation [AOR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.27, 1.34], having ≥ 11 family members [AOR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.64, 0.70], household media exposure [AOR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.13, 1.19] and richer wealth status [AOR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.16, 1.27], vitamin A supplementation [AOR = 6.18; 95% CI 6.02, 6.33] and living rural residence [AOR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.92, 0.98] have significantly associated with deworming among preschool age children., Conclusions: Utilization of deworming medication among pre-SAC children in sub-Saharan Africa is below half. Factors, such as the education status of women, family size, household media exposure, wealth status, diarrhea, vitamin A supplementation, and residence were significant variables. To increase the utilization of deworming medication for pre-SAC, WHO should work as an integrated approach with other stakeholders, by strengthening women's education, and media exposure. Maternal employment should be promoted and prior attention should be given to rural children., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Hypoxemia is one of the feared critical events intraoperatively and postoperatively. Undetected postoperative oxygen hypoxemia may lead to pulmonary hypertension, hyperkalemia, respiratory and cardiac failure even brain ischemia, and lastly, it may end up with multiorgan failure. The main purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and associated factors for postoperative hypoxemia among elective surgical patients received anesthesia in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital., Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in Dessie comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March to June 2021. The study included elective surgical patients. The data was collected with structured questionnaires, and direct measurement of oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry. Statistical analysis was done by using the Statistical Package of Social Science version 23., Results: A total of 298 patients enrolled with a response rate of 94% in the study. Among the study participants, 167 (56%) were females and 131 (44%) were males. The Mean (±Standard Deviation) age was 37.62 ± 15.75 years. The incidence of hypoxemia was 24.5% (95% of Confidence Interval 19.34, 30.62) among 298 postoperative patients. Associated factors with postoperative hypoxemia were age greater than 55 years, preoperative saturation below 95%, type of anesthesia, postoperative pain score, and postoperative muscular strength, The patient age below 55 years had 84% less likely to develop hypoxemic episodes postoperatively when we compare age above 55-year-old. A patient who received general anesthesia had a chance of developing hypoxia eight times than those who received regional anesthesia. A patient who can keep grip for 15 s had 60% less likely to develop hypoxemia than those who can keep a grip for 15 s postoperatively., Conclusion: This study showed that there was a high incidence of postoperative hypoxemia among elective surgical patients in the study area. The high-risk patients should be identified and postoperative oxygen therapy should be initiated for those high-risk patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Background: Adequate pain management has led to increased comfort in emergency patients, reducing morbidity and improving long term outcomes. Different pain management modalities have been applied in the emergency department among which systemic analgesia is commonly used by preceding a nerve block. Several factors have been associated with poor pain management in low resource setting areas. We aimed to determine pain management modalities and associated factors among emergency surgical patients., Patients and Methods: After obtaining ethical approval from Ethical Review Committee, 203 volunteer patients were enrolled. Institutional based cross-sectional prospective study was conducted from April to May 2018 in Gondar University Specialized Hospital Emergency Department. The severity of pain was measured through Numerical Rating Scale and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical package version 23. Descriptive statistics cross-tab and binary logistics were performed to identify factors related to pain management in emergency department., Results: A total of 203 patients, 138 (68%) males and 65 (32%) females with response rate of 94%, participated in this study. Among them, 66% patients received analgesia within two hours of ED presentation with a mean ± SD of 61.0 ± 34.1 minutes. 70.4 % of patients complained of moderate and severe pain after receiving analgesia. There was a significant difference between trauma and nontrauma patients in mean time of analgesia receiving and residual pain severity (p < 0.001). Age, trauma, physician pain assessment, and severity of pain were the predicting factors for analgesia delivery., Conclusion: The overall practice of pain management in Gondar University Specialized Hospital Emergency Department was not adequate. Therefore, it is vital to implement an objective pain assessment method and documentation of the pain severity to improve pain management practice.