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Background. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. It has been suggested that the factors that cause pathologic changes and lead to the development of AD may also include changes in certain neuropeptides. The implication of the neuropeptide (NPY) in the pathogenesis of AD and its potential therapeutic role is possible due to the following properties: involvement in adult neurogenesis, regulatory effects on the immune system, the inhibition of potential-dependent Ca2+ channels, and the reduction in glutamate excitotoxicity. The aim of our review was to summarize recent data on the role of NPY in AD development and to explore its potential as a biomarker and a possible therapeutic target. Materials and methods. We performed a systematic review of studies, for which we search using the keywords "Alzheimer's disease and neuropeptide Y", "Alzheimer's disease and NPY", "AD and NPY", "Neuropeptide Y and Neurodegenerative disease". Nineteen articles were included in the review. Results. The NPY levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma have been found to be reduced or unchanged in AD patients; however, these findings need to be confirmed in more recent studies. Data obtained in transgenic animal models support the role of NPY in AD pathogenesis. The neuroprotective effects of NPY have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo in AD models. Conclusion. The findings may open new possibilities for using NPY as a diagnostic marker to detect AD at earlier stages of the disease or as a potential therapeutic target due to its neuroprotective properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the high growth rates of cognitive decline among the elderly population and the lack of effective etiological treatments, early diagnosis of cognitive impairment progression is an imperative task for modern science and medicine. It is of particular interest to identify predictors of an unfavorable subsequent course of cognitive disorders, specifically, rapid progression. Our study assessed the informative role of various risk factors on the dynamics of cognitive impairment among mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. The study included patients with MCI (N = 338) who underwent neuropsychological assessment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, blood sampling for general and biochemical analysis, APOE genotyping, and polygenic risk score (PRS) evaluation. The APOE ε4/ε4 genotype was found to be associated with a diminished overall cognitive scores initial assessment and negative cognitive dynamics. No associations were found between cognitive changes and the PRS. The progression of cognitive impairment was associated with the width of the third ventricle and hematological parameters, specifically, hematocrit and erythrocyte levels. The absence of significant associations between the dynamics of cognitive decline and PRS over three years can be attributed to the provided suitable medical care for the prevention of cognitive impairment. Adding other risk factors and their inclusion in panels assessing the risk of progression of cognitive impairment should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]