Search

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas silase rumput Kumpai Minyak dengan penambahan Lactobacillus. plantarum dan aditif molases berbeda. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap 3 perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu 0%, 2,5%, dan 5% molases. Variabel yang diukur meliputi kadar ammonia (NH3),bahan kering (BK), bahan organik(BO), protein kasar(PK), serat kasar(SK), lemak kasar(LK), dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian molases yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai pH, NH3, BK, BO, PK, dan LK (P0.05). Pemberian molases sebesar 2,5 – 5% mampu menurunkan kadar ammonia dan mempertahakan kandungan protein kasar. Adapun pemberian molases 5% memiliki kandungan BK dan LK tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, sedangkan pada kandungan BO nilai tertinggi terdapat pada pemberian molases 2,5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa silase rumput Kumpai minyak dengan molase 2,5 – 5% mampu menjaga kualitas pakan dengan menjaga komposisi nutrisi bahan pakan dari kerusakan selama penyimpanan.Kata kunci: Aditif, komposisi kimia, L. plantarum. Rumput kumpai minyak, Silase

This study aimed to determine the effect of grass variety on intake, nutrient digestibility, and performance of thin-tailed sheep. The research was conducted in Suket Ijo Farm, Sanggrahan, Wedomartani, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Twelve female thin-tailed sheep with an average body weight of 15 kg and the age of 8 to 10 months were used in this study. The sheep were given the feed formulation based on dry matter (DM): (67%), water spinach straw (8%), and 25% of either Gamma Umami grass (P1), local Napier grass (P2), or dwarf Napier grass (P3). The variables observed were feed nutrient consumption, nutrient digestibility, and thin-tailed sheep performance. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the treatment feed had a significant effect (P0.05) on crude protein (CP) consumption and extract ether digestibility (EED). The highest ADG was in treatment P1, 105.46 g, with a ration conversion of 5.74. Hence, it was concluded that the diet containing Napier grass variety Gamma Umami showed higher feed nutrient digestibility and improved thin-tailed sheep’s performance.

Kustantinah, Hidayah N, Noviandi CT, Astuti A, Paradhipta DHV. 2022. Nutrients content of four tropical seaweed species from Kelapa Beach, Tuban, Indonesia and their potential as ruminant feed. Biodiversitas 23: 6191-6197. Indonesia is one of the tropical countries with the largest diversity of seaweed, but studies on identifying the nutrients content of numerous seaweed species from tropical oceans and their potential as ruminant feed have not been widely reported. This study was designed to evaluate the nutrient, macro and micromineral content of brown (Laminaria sp. and Padina australis) and red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii and Gracilaria sp.) from Kelapa Beach, Tuban, East Java. All tests were carried out in duplicate from individual seaweed and data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the average of data obtained. The result showed that all of the seaweed species in this experiment had a high content of water (69.41-86.33%) and ash/mineral (23.42-65.63%). The brown seaweed Padina australis had the highest dry matter (30.59%) and crude protein (12.57%). The red seaweed of Gracilaria sp. had the highest ash (65.63%) and the lowest organic matter (34.37%), ether extract (0.21%), crude fiber (2.49%), nitrogen-free extract (19.95%), neutral detergent fiber (21.74%), acid detergent fiber (5.46%), and gross energy (1,083 Cal/g); however, in contrast, Eucheuma cottonii had the highest organic matter (76.58%), ether extract (2.85%), crude fiber (8.80%), nitrogen-free extract (56.38%), neutral detergent fiber (56.93%), acid detergent fiber (11.44%), and gross energy (2,911 Cal/g) but the lowest dry matter (13.67%) and crude protein (8.55%). The brown seaweed Padina australis had the highest Na (0.89%), Mg (4.90%), and Cd (3.73 ppm) contents. The red seaweed of Gracilaria sp. had the highest K (2.18%), Ca (5.80%), Fe (7,596 ppm), Mn (818 ppm), Cu (5 ppm), Zn (52 ppm), and Pb (60.38%); however, in contrast, Eucheuma cottonii had the lowest P (0.01%), K (2.02%), Ca (0.64%), Mg (1.09%), Fe (400 ppm), Mn (38 ppm), Pb (17.31 ppm), and Cd (1.53 ppm) but the highest S (0.46%). Based on this study, brown seaweed (Laminaria sp and Padina australis) and red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii and Gracilaria sp.) from Tuban Regency, East Java, Indonesia have the potential as ruminant feed, especially as soluble carbohydrates and an organic mineral source that requires attention for heavy metals to prevent toxicity to ruminants.

Feed certification is released by authorized third parties as external cues indicating that products have met standard quality. However, farmers do not always take certification as the main consideration in product selection because of insufficient knowledge or they are skeptical about certification. This research aims to analyze the effect of feed certification, company image, opinion leader, perceived product quality, customer trust, and satisfaction to layer farmers’ customer loyalty. Respondents were selected by using purposive sampling with the criteria that respondents were layer farmers with experience for at least 1 year and customers of concentrate or ready-made feed. Data were collected by using questionnaire and analyzed with the partial least square. Results show that feed certification influenced perceived product quality with β = 0.127 and p ≤ 0.1; then, company image and opinion leader influenced perceived product quality with, β = 0.690 and β = 0.157 at p ≤ 0.05. Perceived product quality affected customer trust (β = 0.699, p ≤ 0.01) and customer satisfaction (β = 0.689, p ≤ 0.05). Then, customer trust and customer satisfaction positively influenced customer loyalty with β = 0.507, and β = 0.414 at p ≤ 0.01. Research findings indicated that feed certification was considered by layer farmers in feed purchasing behavior. However, company image was played as the most important factor among opinion leader and feed certification. These results implied that besides maintaining company image and the role of opinion leaders, feed mills and authorized institutions still urge to promote the importance of certification as product quality indicator.

This research aimed to determine the effect of sorghum varieties and protein levels on chemical composition andin vitrodigestibility of fermented complete feed. The data were analysed by complete random design of 2 x 3 factorial patterns; two varieties sorghum forage, namely BMR and Super-2, were used to formulate complete feed with 3 different protein levels, 8; 9.5; and 11%. Complete feed was fermented for 3 days, each of them were carried out by 3 replications. Fermented complete feed samples were analyzed for the chemical composition include dry matter (DM) content, organic matter (OM), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), andin vitrodigestibility i.e., DM, OM, and CF. Fermented complete feed of BMR variety has better chemical composition and digestibility value of CP than Super-2 variety, but it gives the same result to the digestibility of DM and OM. Fermented complete feed at 11% CP level has the best chemical composition and digestibility value. The 11% of CP was the best level to formulate sorghum forage fermented complete feed.

This research was conducted to determine the chemical quality and digestibility of silage varieties of Pennisetum purpuphoides and Pennisetum purpureum gamma supplemented with molasses at different levels. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) 2 x 3 factorial pattern. The first factor was Pennisetum varieties consisting of P. purpuphoides and P. purpureum gamma radiation. The second factor was the level of molasses supplementation, i.e., 0, 3, and 6 %, with 5 replications on each group. The selected variable is the chemical characteristics of silage, i.e., pH, DM, OM, CP, CF, and NNFE, TDN, NH3, and lactic acid of silage. Pennisetum purpureum gamma and 6% molasses supplementation produce silage with good chemical quality. The increase in the level of supplementation of molasses is inversely proportional to the pH, crude fiber and NH3 silage (P3, crude fiber, and silage concentration (P0.05). Varieties that showed changes in some parameters of the proposed chemical composition is towards decreasing crude fiber (PP. purpureum gamma varieties, their combinations showed improvements to produce the best chemical quality and digestibility of silage.

This study aimed to determining the effect of temperature changes on the sperm quality of fat-tailed sheep during the freezing process using a microcontroller. This study was conducted from April to October 2018 at the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science UGM. The study was used twelve mature ram. The methods were conducted by collecting semen using artificial vagina, semen dilution, freezing semen, thawing and semen quality test. The pre-freezing temperature time were grouped for 6, 9, and 12 minutes. Data of frozen semen quality (motility, viability, and abnormality) the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the study was arranged using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The average of spermatozoa motility after semen freezing with a 5 to -140°C decrease in pre freezing temperature for 12 minutes (50±5.3%) was significantly different (P

Indonesia has the biggest sago palm forest and cultivation as well as its rich of genetic diversities. Sago planting area in Indonesia has a land area more than 5.5 million hectare (85% of world’s sago land area). Currently, the use of sago only focuses on the starch contained in it. Sago hampas is starchy lignocellulosic by-product generated from pith of sago palm after starch extraction. Sago hampas in Indonesia is very abundant, cheaply and not used optimally. Due to its fiber and starch content, sago hampas could be utilized as animal feed especially for ruminants. Sago hampas are limited in their use in making ruminants feed, because it has a high crude fiber and low protein content. Therefore, before the sago hampas is given as ruminant feed, the quality of sago hampas needs to be improve by processing technology. One method of processing sago hampas that can be applied is fermentation. The present study showed that of the utilization of sago hampas had a positive effect on ruminants performance. This review aims to examine the potential of sago hampas as basal feed ruminant as well as efforts to improve their nutritional value.

This study was conducted to determine the factors that influence farmers in using rice straw as feed for their ruminants. Primary data was obtained from a survey through face-to-face interviews involving a total of 395 farmers as respondents in Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Farmers were selected by multistage random sampling. The data, then, were analyzed by using logistic regression. The results showed that 45.06% (178 respondents) used rice straw as feed, where only 3.37% (6 respondents) adopted the fermented straw. The type of ruminant kept by farmers, the amount of training attended, and land size affected the rice straw utilization as ruminants feed. Adopters of rice straw utilization are farmers who maintain large ruminants and tend to manage large areas of land. This finding also revealed that providing continuous training on feed technology for farmers is important. Furthermore, periodic assistance by extension workers is needed to enhance farmers in adopting the innovation of agricultural technology.

This study was aimed to observe the growth performance and carcass production of male Rex rabbits fed with corn oil supplementation. Twenty four head of rabbits with 1.362±260 g initial body weight were randomly divided into four groups e.g. R0 (control), R1 (supplemented with 2% of corn oil supplementation), R2 (supplemented with 4% of corn oil supplementation), and R3 (supplemented with 6% of corn oil supplementation). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. The animals were raised for 56 days prior to slaughtering. The collected data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance and followed with least significant different analysis. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake of R3 was lower (P

The aim of this research was to identify the effect of feeding fermented Sargassum sp. as complete feed ingredient up to 20% of total feed on nutrient consumption and digestibility, and growth performance of thin-tailed sheep. Twelve female thin-tailed sheep aged 6 to 8 months with an average initial body weight of 14.13 ± 2.08 kg were divided into three groups. The treatments were control without fermented Sargassum sp. (S0), 10% fermented Sargassum sp. (S1), and 20% fermented Sargassum sp. (S2). Complete feed was formulated by isoprotein and isoenergy formulation, containing 16% of crude protein and 61% of total digestible nutrients. Complete feed was given at 3.5% of body weight (% dry matter) and drinking water was provided ad libitum. This research was done in 6 weeks with 14 days adaptation period and seven days of collection period. Growth performance was measured for 4 weeks after the adaptation period. The variables observed were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) consumption. The data obtained were subjected to one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and the difference existed (P value 0.05), however, S0 treatment appeared to have CP, CF, and EE intake, as well as digestibility of DM, CP, CF, and NFE higher than S1 and S2 treatment. The results showed that there was no significant effect of feeding fermented Sargassum sp. on nutrient intake, digested and digestibility of nutrient, absolute and relative weight gain as well as feed conversion.

The research was conducted to evaluate the effects of harvesting age in the second regrowth of chicory (Cichorium intybus) in intercropping pattern with dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) on productivity and quality. Chicory seeds were spread on the interspatial land between the dwarf elephant grass on a 2.5×2.5 m2 plot, with 1×1 m2 of the distance between each dwarf elephant grass. Plants were harvested on the day- 30, 45 and 60 by defoliation 10 cm above the soil surface. Each treatment had 3 replications, totaling 9 plots. The variable measured in the study were production (dry and organic matter) and nutrient contents (dry matter, organic matter, extract ether, and crude fiber). Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Significant data were evaluated on Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of the study showed that plants that were cut later had the highest production and nutrient contents (Pregrowth demonstrated the most improved yield.

This study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the growth, production, and nutrient content of Cichorium intybus. The study was carried out at the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Cichorium intybus were cultivated on a 1x1.5 m plot. Treatments on this study were different levels of nitrogen fertilizer: 0 kg/ha (N0); 25 kg/ha (N1); and 50 kg/ha (N2), with 3 replications on each treatment. Fertilizing was performed once, on day-5 of the growing phase. The height and length of the plants were recorded once a week for 21 days. The Cichorium intybus were defoliated on day-21. For the harvesting, the plants were cut 7.5 cm above the soil. Variables observed in this study include vegetative growth parameters (height and length of the plant, length of the leaf, the width of the leaf, and several leaves) and biomass production (fresh, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) productions). All data were analyzed using one-way variance analysis, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test for significantly different results. According to this study, the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected (P-value

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and production of cichory (Cichorium intybus L.) on different levels of defoliation. Experiments were carried out at forage facilities owned by Laboratory of Animal Forages and Pasture at Faculty of Animal Science UGM. One-way completely randomized design was employed on the experiment, with a follow up of Duncan Multiple Range Test on statistically different results. Variables observed on this study are vegetative phase-growth and biomass production. Chicory (aged 7 months; and on 8th regrowth) were planted on 1 × 1.5 m2 plots, with 3 replication. Defoliation treatments were performed on different levels, i.e., 2.5 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm above the ground surface. Chicory were cut on day-21. All data obtained from the experiment were subjected to variance analysis. The results showed that different levels of defoliation affected plant length, leaf length, leaf width, number of buds, and biomass production significantly (PCichorium intybus which defoliated on the 10 cm above the ground surface, yielding 13.40 ton/ha fresh production, 1.09 ton/ha dry matter (DM), and 0.88 ton/ha organic matter (OM). According to this study, defoliation on 2.5 cm above the ground surface produced smaller growth and biomass production than groups defoliated on 5 and 10 cm, yet showed the highest number of buds.

This study aimed to determine the growth and biomass production of chicory planted in intercropping system with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott (odot grass) and on different ages. Planting were carried out on plots measuring 2.5x2.5 m with 40x40 cm of sub plots for chicory. Odot grass stems were planted, 9 stems in 1 plot and chicory seeds were spread on the sub plots between the odot grass. Experimental treatments were three different cutting ages, i.e. 30, 45 and 60 days (U1, U2, and U3 respectively). Each treatment was replicated 3 times, resulting in 9 plots in total. The observed variables were plant height, fresh production, dry matter, and organic matter content. The results of the study showed that different cutting ages produced significant differences on height, fresh production, dry matter content, and organic matter content (P value odot grass was observed highest on cutting age of 60 days, namely 7.95 ton/ha and 15.14 ton/ha. However, the dry matter content of odot grass was not significantly different. It can be concluded that chicory planted on intercropping system with odot grass and cut on 60 days old yields the highest production.

Aims This in vitro study aimed to examine the effect of proportions of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) to Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) or levels of corn oil (CO) and their interaction on ruminal fermentation, methane (CH4) production and fatty acid profile. Methods The experiment was conducted as a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement following a completely randomised design with two factors. The treatments were according to the proportion of Leucaena and Napier grass (in g/kg DM, Treatment (T)1 = 0:750 (control), T2 = 250:500, T3 = 500:250, T4 = 750:0). Three levels of CO (in mg rumen fluid, CO1 = 0, CO2 = 10, CO3 = 20 respectively) were added to each of the diet, giving a total 12 dietary treatments. Key results Replacing Napier grass with Leucaena at 500 g/kg (T3) and 750 g/kg (T4) levels increased the molar volatile fatty acid concentration, microbial protein synthesis (P < 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (P = 0.003), whereas ruminal protozoa concomitantly decreased (P < 0.05). The addition of CO at 10 mg also reduced the number of ruminal protozoa compared with the control (P < 0.001). A significant Leucaena × CO interaction was observed on the increase of ammonia nitrogen and microbial protein synthesis, and CH4 production was simultaneously suppressed (P < 0.001). There was also a significant Leucaena × CO interaction on increasing concentration of C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-10 cis-12 and α-linolenic acid, which thus contributed to the increase of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulation in the culture (P < 0.001). However, the concentration of C18:0 was not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that the inclusion of Leucaena into a Napier grass-based diet at 500 g/kg and 750 g/kg DM positively affected rumen fermentation, reduced CH4 formation and increased beneficial fatty acids in the rumen. Although CO had similar positive effects on CH4 production and targeted beneficial fatty acids, it reduced the microbial protein synthesis at inclusion of 20 mg/mL DM. Overall, there were synergistic interactions between Leucaena and CO in reducing CH4 production and improving the fatty acid profile in the rumen. Implications It is possible to improve animal productivity while reducing the environmental impact of livestock production through inclusion of tannin-containing Leucaena and CO in ruminant diets in tropical regions where C4 grasses typically have low nutritive value.

Mixed Crop and Livestock (MCL) farming provides opportunities for smallholder farmers to increase farm efficiency by using crop and livestock waste as the farming input resources. This study examined the correlation between farmer’s adoption level of MCL and their characteristics. Data were collected by multistage random sampling method through questionnaire for 132 smallholder farmers in five districts (Bandongan, Candimulyo, Kaliangkrik, Ngluwar and Salam). The processing of feed from crop waste and fertilizer from livestock waste technologies was the determinant of adoption level. It was divided into 3 categories, i.e. low, medium and high level. Results showed that 68.94% of respondents were in the low level, 21.97% was in the medium level and 9.09% was in the high level. There was a significant relationship between consulting to extension agents, number of training, farmers’ length of group membership, experience on raising livestock, and ruminants’ type raised by farmers toward adoption level on the technology of MCL farming.