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Tranyilvanian Plain is considered as an area with a low capacity to adapt to climate changes, monitoring the climate and implementing the adaption measures being essential for the development of certain durable agricultural technologies. The monitoring and variability of climate elements were achieved during 2008 (March) - 2014, through a network of 10 HOBO stations which store soil temperature data electronically (at 10, 30, 50 cm deep) and air (at 1 m hight), soil moisture (at 10 cm depth) and are equipped with rain gauges. The purpose of the paper is to establish the tendency in the evolution of the soil thermal and hydric regime, to predict and identify the climate tendencies from the Transylvanian Plain. The thermal regime of soils in this area is mesic, the differences between the annual averages of summer temperatures and the average of winter temperatures 50 cm deep in the soil are ranging between 12.81- 20.01°C. The evolution of temperatures at the soil level during 2008-2014 indicate the clear tendencies of rising temperatures at the soil surface (0 cm). The coefficients of linear correlation among the data lines analyzed indicate a rising synchronous evolution of the annual average temperature, with values of the correlation indices of 0.52-0.81. The same linear tendency in evolution of rising of the annual average temperature is recorded also in the case of temperatures from 10 cm and 30 cm deep in the soil. The evolution of temperatures in the air during 2008-2014 shows slightly rising evolutionary tendencies. The evolution of rainfall during 2008-2014 shows a falling linear tendency of them, the highest values of the annual average is recorded in 2010 (631 mm), and the lowest quantities of rainfall were recorded in 2012 (263.9 mm). The value of the correlation coefficient associated to the falling evolution tendency of rainfall is r = -0.51. The multiannual average of rainfall from the Transylvanian Plain is 466.52 mm. From the analysis of the statistical relation between rainfall and soil moisture, the calculated correlation coefficient has a value of r = 0.92 which indicates a direct and positive causal relation between the two parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed information regarding the growth and development of crops root system, towards the soil agrophysical properties under various technological systems are necessary, as they allow to highlight the positive aspects of the applied system, expressed by agrophysics modeling, but allow to highlight the causes, risks that limit the development of root system. This will lead to optimal technological interventions in agroecosystem. The paper exposes the particularities of the winter wheat root system development in a long-term crop rotation with 5 fields, grown on carbonate chernozem in conventional (plowing) and conservative (no-tillage) systems. The research took place at the Didactic Station "Chetrosu" of the State Agrarian University of Moldova, located in the South-East side of the Central Moldavian Plateau. There were established the regularities of roots' architectural spreading dependence of soil genetic characteristics, carbonate chernozem agrophisical parameters and of some technological elements applied to winter wheat cultivation. Data shows a double number of winter wheat agrocoenoses roots on Notillage variant, compared with plowing variant, determined on 0.5 m2 of the soil profile section. The research of soil moisture on 1.2 m profile confirm the ability of conservation soil tillage system to keep water in the soil. The soil compaction found in penetration resistance and bulk density data, restricted water consumption in flowering and ripening phases, which affected the winter wheat productivity, being similar on both researched variants (No-tillage and plowing). It's required detailed monitoring of the root system development, depending on the stage of crop and it's rate on yield formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied productivity elements - soil moisture, agro-physical properties, soil disturbance, edaphic volume and the root system in the conservative non-tillage system as compared to the traditional system - ploughing. The experiments included 7 soles and 3 agrocoenoses - winter wheat, maize as a repeated culture (34 years), rotation of maize and beans. The soil from the studied agricultural ecosystem is sandy loamcarbonate chernozem, the content of physic loam (<0.01 mm) is 22-25%. It was stated that soil moisture in the conservative no-tillage system is directly influenced by agrocoenoses, the stage of plant development and more compact horizons (20-30 cm) greatly favour the location of the root system closer to the surface, which causes the inhomogeneity of water content available on the soil profile. The data showed that we should study water on the whole humified profile in the conservative tillage system. We found out that the no-tillage conservative system increases water reserves in soil during the periods subject to pedologic droughts. It is more evident, when cultivated crops, such as maize, are planted. There was identified a close correlation between penetration resistance and bulk density of the ecosystem soil - winter wheat (r = 0.73-0.78). We have also noticed that the weight of winter wheat roots in the conservative tillage system is 1266 g/m2, as compared to the traditional ploughing (1017 g/m2). In the farming year 2014-2015, a year of great droughts according to hydrothermal indices (Seleaninov), the agricultural ecosystem of winter wheat, preceded by winter barley showed a higher level of productivity (2809 kg/ha) in the no-tillage system as compared to the ploughing ( 1789 kg/ha). We have found out that crop productivity and moisture in agrocoenoses are influenced by a forecrop, tillage system and conditions of the root system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a case study aiming to highlight the present state of the organic agriculture in Romania as compared with other European countries with the goal to warn about its level, much under other countries taken in study. Several indicators have been considered: certified organic crop areas, certified organic crop productions and yields from fully converted areas, certified organic livestock, certified production of organic animal products, number of certified registered operators processing and importing products issued from organic farming. The results of study showed that for all studied indicators Romania reported data with lower values as compared with the other analyzed European states, and for most of items our country has no data to report. This study distinguishes on the one hand the low representation of organic agriculture in Romania as component of sustainable agriculture, and on the other hand demonstrates the lack or the inefficacy of instruments of the specialized institution of the Romanian state to collect and centralize data referring to several items which characterize the level of organic agriculture in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work represents an interdisciplinary study about the research of the drinking water quality opposite to the general ecological situation of the rural area, the agricultural degree of land utilization (plowing degree), the index of the ecological balance, degree of afforestation, degree of erosion, and the natural compounds of ecological stability of the territory. A special attention has been paid to the identification of the local sources of pollution of the ground waters, animal wastes, calculation of their volumes, highlighting of the dangerous chemical components that exceed maximum admissible concentrations for drinking water provided by the standards and regulations in force in Republic of Moldova. As a local object of reference the village of Lencauti, Ocnita County was investigated. The studies have shown that the quality of water from the wells is directly dependent on the anthropic sources of pollution, the volume of the animal wastes from the rural area, and is significantly influenced by the erosion degree and the general ecological stability of the grounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to distinguish the effect of the lignite fly ash on several biological indicators of earthworms Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) like reproduction parameters (prolificacy expressed through the number of cocoons, the hatching capacity) and mortality. Within the experiment was used fly ash resulted from the combustion of a solid fuel, the lignite, in a thermal power plant, in laboratory conditions. The content of heavy metal has been established for the soil of each experimental variant: zinc, copper, manganese, iron, and nickel. The earthworm mortality increased with the increase of concentration of heavy metals. The highest hatching capacity was at the lowest amount of lignite ash and at the lowest concentration of heavy metals. Generally, the hatching capacity was much inferior related to the potential of this species. There was noticed a decrease of cocoon number at higher concentrations of heavy metals. No abnormalities regarding the locomotion behaviour were noticed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]