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Objective: The work aimed to determine the state of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of the antioxidant system in cats with aseptic inflammation and purulent-inflammatory processes of varying severity. Materials and Methods: The intensity of the process of lipid peroxidation- antioxidant system processes in blood plasma was evaluated using commercial kits. The level of diene conjugates (DC), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the level of medium-weight molecules were deter¬mined from lipid peroxidation indices. The state of antioxidant protection was assessed by indi¬cators of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CT), ceruloplasmin (CP) concentration, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase (GLR), and total antioxidant activity (AOA). Results: With aseptic inflammation in the blood of cats, a slow activation of peroxidation reactions occurred. The DC indicator increased by 1.4 times, the SOD level rose by 1.38 times, the amount of GLR by 1.04 times, and the activation of total AOA by 9.06. In sepsis, the values of DC, MDA, and medium-weight molecules increased by 4.4, 8.4, and 8.8 times, respectively. With abscesses in the blood of cats, an increase in CT, CP, and GLR is observed against a background of a decrease in glutathione peroxidase. With purulent wounds, the total AOA of plasma increases by 2.5 times; with abscesses, the total AOA increases by 1.9 times, and with sepsis, it decreases by 1.5 times. Conclusion: With surgical infections in cats, deep biochemical changes or irreversible biochemical changes (in sepsis) occur that indicate a significantly enhanced catabolic orientation of metabolic processes and the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which leads to damage and a decrease in tissue regenerative capacity. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(2.000): 210-217]

Machine learning approaches are widely applied to different research tasks of software engineering, but C/C++ code presents a challenge for these approaches because of its complex build system. However, C and C++ languages still remain two of the most popular programming languages, especially in industrial software, where a big amount of legacy code is still used. This fact prevents the application of recent advances in probabilistic modeling of source code to the C/C++ domain. We demonstrate that it is possible to at least partially overcome these difficulties by the use of a simple token-based representation of C/C++ code that can be used as a possible replacement for more precise representations. Enriched token representation is verified at a large scale to ensure that its precision is good enough to learn rules from. We consider two different tasks as an application of this representation: coding style detection and API usage anomaly detection. We apply simple probabilistic models to these tasks and demonstrate that even complex coding style rules and API usage patterns can be detected by the means of this representation. This paper provides a vision of how different research ML-based methods for software engineering could be applied to the domain of C/C++ languages and show how they can be applied to the source code of a large software company like Samsung.

Changes in immunological reactivity to viral and bacterial antigens may cause increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Different levels of this condition in newborn and adult animal organisms should be based on the fact that the fetus and newborn after birth first comes into contact with the antigen, while the adult body already has partial sensitization. Chronic carrier of pathogens in animals and their influence on the spread of the infectious process is an urgent problem of modern veterinary medicine. The possibility of vaccination in newborns is limited by the presence of maternal antibodies that have an immunosuppressive effect. A high level of functional reserves of the pregnant body is important in the prevention of intrauterine infection. On the one hand, infection in the prenatal period of development affects the processes of growth and development of the fetus, on the other hand, during this period, the mother's body is isoimmunized by fetal antigens, accompanied by increased sensitivity of the body with the predominant manifestation of cellular phenomena in the absence of enhanced antibody synthesis.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on the frequency of occurrence of individual SNPs using the Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K in sheep of the Jalgin merino breed with different class evaluations according to the phenotype determining productive qualities. Twenty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms with high significant differences in occurrence between groups of examined animals were identified. Annotation of closely located genes to determine candidate genes for productivity showed that 10 substitutions were in the introns of the protein-coding genes, and three in the intron of one gene. Two polymorphisms were located next to the genes of long non-coding RNAs, one next to the microRNA gene, and two more to the spliceosomal RNA gene. The remaining substitutions related to intergenic variants. As a result of the study, we identified the following candidate genes: FOXN3, CNTN3, FTO, CFAP73, ARPP21, ADAMTS9, FRMPD4, RBM45, SHC4, ZFP36L1, ACTN1, ASTN1, RAB21. Most of these genes are regulatory, determining the intensity of growth and development of cells and tissues. The detected substitutions, significantly differing in frequency between the groups of animals examined, can be used as genetic markers of productivity in breeding work to improve the quality of Jalgin merino and other sheep breeds.

One of the new promising candidate genes defining productive qualities of sheep is MEF2B. Protein from the MEF2 group encoded by it affects the production of myostatin and the expression of the genes responsible for the growth of skeletal muscle fibers. Thus, the knowledge of the MEF2B gene structure is important for genomic selection. We have studied the structure of the MEF2B gene at sheep of Severokavkazskaya breed bred in Russia. To detect alleles we use NimbleGen sequencing technology by Roche (USA). As a result, it was revealed 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the given breed. The discovered SNPare located in not coding areas. From them 7 polymorphisms are in the area of 5' upstream gene in loci: c.-1713, c.-1319, c.-839, c.-321, c.-246, c.-161, c.-3; 6 polymorphisms are in introns, loci: c.55-51, c.258+312, c.258+380, c.259-52, c.452+95, c.452+ 103, 1 SNP is in 3' downstream gene, c.*252. Two of the identified SNPs are significantly connected with high indices of meat productivity: c.55-51 and c.259-52. At the same time it was not possible to find out the impact on productivity of c.-1713 polymorphism. Our investigation is a base of next research of affection of different MEF2B gene alleles on meat quality and can be used to prepare PCR test-system for genomic selection.

V. TRUKHACHEV, V. BELYAEV, A. KVOCHKO, A. KULICHENKO, D. KOVALEV, S. PISARENKO, A. VOLYNKINA, M. SELIONOVA, M. AYBAZOV, S. SHUMAENKO, A. OMAROV, T. MAMONTOVA, N. GOLOVANOVA, O. YATSYK & A. KRIVORUCHKO Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russian Federation; Stavropol Research Anti-plague Institute, Stavropol, Russian Federation; All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding; Stavropol, Russian Federation

In this paper we present a tool for identifying memory leaks in applications with mixed native and managed code. Such applications have parts with different memory management methods - the managed part is handled by the garbage collector, while the native part allocates and frees memory manually using OS-provided system calls. This presents a unique set of problems when trying to find a memory leak - the managed-unmanaged boundary makes it hard to identify when unmanaged memory is no longer needed in the managed code, and vice versa. Existing solutions tend to focus on one part or the other, however in order to fully understand application's behavior, a comprehensive tool is needed. We have built a memory profiler that is able to trace both managed and unmanaged memory allocations, and combine them into a comprehensive overvew of the application's memory, making managed, native, and unmanaged-from-managed memory leaks evident.

Summary Background: marker assisted selection methods of sheep require the identification of genes that positively and negatively affect meat quality. Genes with high expression levels could have the greatest impact on growth and structure of muscle fibers. Objective: this study evaluated the expression of genes in the loin muscle of Dzhalginsky Merino sheep. Methods: reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to investigate the expression of 48 genes in the loin muscle of Dzhalginsky Merino sheep bred in Russia. Results: genes GAPDH, PYGM, CAST, ATP5G1, CAPN3, SOD1, VEGFA, CALM2, YWHAZ, ASIP, MYOD1, CAPN1, GHR, OXTR, BEGAIN, SLC2A3, and SS18L2 showed the highest expression. The group of genes with a medium level of expression included ATOX1, BAMBI, TLR6, IGF2, FOS, FST, GGTA2P, C-MET, FGF5, ACVR2A, CAPN2, GH, DGAT1, and IGF1. Low levels of expression were identified for genes ABCG2, SPP2, PYGL, PPARG2, TGFB1, CXCR4, MSTN, CYP2J, LEPR, CDKN1A, IGFBP4, and SERT. Trace expression was detected in genes SST, TSHR, GDF9, FGF7 and BMP15. Significant correlation between expression level and live weight was observed for most of the investigated genes. Conclusion: our results demonstrate the feasibility of using these newly identified candidate genes as genetic markers in sheep. Keywords: growth traits, marker assisted selection (MAS), microarray analysis, transcription. Resumen Antecedentes: los metodos de seleccion asistida de ovejas a traves de marcadores requieren la identificacion de los genes que afectan positiva o negativamente la calidad de la carne. Los genes con niveles mas altos de expresion podrian tener mayor impacto en el crecimiento y estructura de las fibras musculares. Objetivo: evaluar la expresion de los genes en el musculo del lomo de carneros de la raza Dzhalginsky Merino. Metodos: se utilizo RT-PCR cuantitativa en tiempo real (RT-qPCR) para investigar la expresion de 48 genes en el musculo del lomo de ovejos raza Merino Dzhalginsky criados en Rusia. Resultados: los genes GAPDH, PYGM, CAST, ATP5G1, CAPN3, SOD1, VEGFa, CALM2, YWHAZ, ASIP, MYOD1, CAPN1, GHR, OXTR, BEGAIN, SLC2A3 y SS18L2 mostraron la mas alta expresion. El grupo de genes con un nivel medio de expresion incluyo ATOX1, BAMBI, TLR6, IGF2, FOS, FST, GGTA2P, C-MET, FGF5, ACVR2A, CAPN2, GH, DGAT1 y IGF1. Se identificaron bajos niveles de expresion en los genes ABCG2, SPP2, PYGL, PPARG2, TGFB1, CXCR4, NTCR, CYP2J, LEPR, CDKN1A, IGFBP4 y SERT. Expresion traza fue detectada en los genes SST, TSHR, GDF9, FGF7 y BMP15. Para la mayoria de los genes investigados hubo una correlacion significativa entre el nivel de expresion y el peso vivo de los carneros. Conclusion: los resultados demuestran la factibilidad del uso de estos genes candidatos identificados recientemente como marcadores geneticos en ovejas. Palabras clave: analisis de micromatrices, caracteristicas de crecimiento, seleccion asistida por marcadores (MAS), transcripcion. Resumo Antecedentes: metodos que utilizam marcadores de selecao assistida em ovelhas exigem a identificacao de novos genes que afetam a qualidade da carne. Genes com maiores niveis de expressao podem ter maior impacto sobre o crescimento e a estrutura das fibras musculares. Objetivo: avaliar a expressao de genes no musculo lombar de ovinos da raca Merino Dzhalginsky. Metodos: foi utilizada a reacao em cadeia da polimerase-transcriptase reversa e em tempo real (RT-qPCR) para investigar a expressao de 48 genes em musculo do lombo da raca de ovinos Merino Dzhalginsky, que foram criados na Russia. Resultados: os genes GAPDH, PYGM, CAST, ATP5G1, CAPN3, SOD1, VEGFA, CALM2, YWHAZ, ASIP, MYOD1, CAPN1, GHR, OXTR, BEGAIN, SLC2A3 e SS18L2 apresentaram a maior expressao. O grupo de genes com um nivel medio de expressao incluiram ATOX1, BAMBI, TLR6, IGF2, FOS, FST, GGTA2P, C-MET, FGF5, ACVR2A, CAPN2, GH, DGAT1 e IGF1. Foram identificados baixos niveis de expressao para os genes ABCG2, SPP2, PYGL, PPARG2, TGFB1, CXCR4, MSTN, CYP2J, LEPR, CDKN1A, IGFBP4 e SERT. Foi detectado rastreamento de expressao nos genes SST, TSHR, GDF9, FGF7 e BMP15. Para a maioria dos genes investigados, houve uma correlacao significativa entre o nivel de expressao e o peso vivo dos carneiros Dzhalginsky Merino. Conclusao: os resultados demonstram a viabilidade do uso desses genes candidatos recentemente identificados como marcadores geneticos no desenvolvimento de novas racas de ovinos. Palavras chave: caracteristicas de crescimento, microarray analise, selecao assistida por marcadores (MAS), transcricao.

An understanding of what effects particular genes can have on body parameters in productive animals is particularly significant for the process of marker-assisted selection. The gene of transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD gene) is involved in the process of growth in animals and is known to be a promising candidate for use as a genomic marker. The structure of the CEBPD gene locus was determined using NimbleGen sequencing technology (Roche, USA). The effect of polymorphisms, which were identified using the aforementioned technology, was investigated in 30 rams of the Manych Merino sheep breed. Twenty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were detected in the CEBPD gene locus. Significantly, two SNPs, namely, g.315TG and g.327CT, have been identified for the first time. It was demonstrated that the complex of linked SNPs, consisting of g.301AT, g.426TC, and g.1226TC, had a negligible effect on body parameters in Manych Merino sheep. Animals with the heterozygous type of SNP g.1142CT exhibited changes solely in the chest and croup width. The newly discovered SNP g.327CT was proven to have a negative effect on live weight and body size (p 0.05) in Manych Merino sheep. Sheep with the heterozygous type of g.562GA and g.3112CG SNP complex showed an increase in live weight and dimensions (p 0.05) compared with those of wild homozygous type. Consequently, SNPs g.327CT, g.562GA, and g.3112CG in the CEBPD gene locus can be successfully used as markers in sheep breeding. Future research will evaluate the influence of the aforementioned SNPs on slaughter indicators for sheep meat production.

Data on the morphometric parameters of the renal corpuscle, renal tubules, and collecting ducts of male and female nutrias in postnatal ontogenesis were obtained. It was found that the area of the renal corpuscle, glomerulus, the cavity and lumen of the capsule, and the proximal tubule diameter in the right and left kidney of female and male nutrias in the first year of life increase. The distal tubule diameter also increases; however, the dynamics of its changes becomes sinuous after 4.5 months. The collecting duct diameter varies depending on gender, age, and renal topography. The nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the cells of proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts changes in a sinuous manner and depends on the gender and age of nutrias. The minimum mean value of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was found in the proximal tubule cells in the left kidney of 12-month-old female nutrias (0.162 ± 0.002), and the maximum value was found in the distal tubule cells in the left kidney of newborn male nutrias (0.435 ± 0.007).