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Two genera, Perithous Holmgren (Pimplinae) and Neoxorides Clément (Poemeniinae), are recorded for the first time from Mexico. Two species are described as new to science: Perithous escondidus Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov. (Mexico: Nuevo León) and Neoxorides borderai Khalaim, sp. nov. (Mexico: Hidalgo). A brief review of the North American species of Perithous and Neoxorides is given, along with identification keys for North American taxa are provided.

A new species of the genus Probles Förster, P. mikhailovi sp. nov., is described from Central Madagascar. The new species possesses unique venation of the fore wing previously unknown in the subfamily Tersilochinae. The genus Probles is recorded from Madagascar for the first time.

Mexican species of nine genera of the Ephialtes genus-group (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) have been reviewed: Acropimpla Townes (1 species), Anastelgis Townes (3 species), Calliephialtes Ashmead (6 species, including one unidentified taxon), Dolichomitus Smith (4 species), Endromopoda Hellén (1 species), Ephialtes Grav. (1 species), Iseropus Förster (1 species), Liotryphon Ashmead (4 species) and Scambus Hartig (16 species, including six morphospecies). Seven species are described as new to science: Acropimpla tequila Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov., Anastelgis chiapasana Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov., Endromopoda daschi Khalaim, sp. nov., Liotryphon gauldi Khalaim, sp. nov., L. tamajalus Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov., Scambus irapuatoensis Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov. and S. longicoxa Khalaim, sp. nov. Scambus basseyi Gauld, 1991 is found to be a junior synonym of S. crassicauda (Cresson, 1874) (syn. nov.). Two genera, Acropimpla and Endromopoda, and species Anastelgis garciai Gauld, Calliephialtes notanda (Cresson), Scambus aplopappi (Ashmead) and S. emeritae Gauld are recorded for the first time from Mexico; Anastelgis garciai Gauld is also newly recorded from Panama, Dolichomitus irritator (F.) from Honduras, Scambus albipes (Cresson) from Guatemala and S. arizonensis Walley from Guatemala and Honduras. Identification keys to the species occurring in Mexico are provided.

Five new species of Tersilochinae (Ichneumonidae) are described from Mexico:Meggoleus hidalgoensissp. nov.,M. whartoniKhalaim,sp. nov.,Phradis beloviKhalaim,sp. nov.,Stethantyx covidasp. nov., andSt. oaxacanasp. nov.Meggoleus whartoniKhalaim,sp. nov.is also recorded from Panama, andSt. covidasp. nov.from Guatemala. The species recently described from MexicoProbles contrerasiKhalaim & Ruíz-Cancino is transferred to the genusGelanesHorstmann,comb. nov.A partial key to the species ofMeggoleuswith small propodeal spiracles and a key to Mexican species ofPhradisare provided.

Based on the large examined materials of Tersilochinae from the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St Petersburg) and other world collections, faunistic records from the Palaearctic Region (mainly from Russia) for 87 tersilochine species belonging to ten genera are provided, including ten species recorded for the first time from Russia. Two new species, Probles smaragdites Khalaim, sp. nov. and Tersilochus turpiculus Khalaim, sp. nov., are described from the Russian Far East. Gelanes tootsae Khalaim, 2002 syn. nov. is synonymised with G. cuspidatus Khalaim, 2002. Tersilochus kerzhneri Khalaim, 2007 is excluded from the fauna of Europe. The male of Tersilochus impunctator Khalaim, 2012 is recorded for the first time. Specimens of Tersilochinae, deposited in the Zoological Institute RAS (St Petersburg) and the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University (Moscow) and briefly mentioned from the former USSR by K. Horstmann in his revisions (1971, 1981), are found, re-examined, and their complete label data are provided.

Mexican species of three pimpline genera, Apechthis Förster (one species), Itoplectis Förster (six species) and Pimpla Fabricius (20 species, including one unidentified taxon), are reviewed. Four species of Pimpla are described as new to science: P. chamela sp. nov., P. oaxacana sp. nov., P. tequila sp. nov. and P. xalapana sp. nov. Pimpla thoracica Morley, 1914 is found to be a junior synonym of P. ellopiae Harrington, 1892 (syn. nov.). Apechthis zapoteca (Cresson) is recorded for the first time from Venezuela, Pimpla dimidiata (Townes) from Mexico, P. caeruleata Cresson, P. croceiventris (Cresson), P. sanguinipes Cresson and P. sumichrasti Cresson from Honduras, P. ichneumoniformis Cresson and P. viridescens Morley from Guatemala and Honduras, and P. punicipes Cresson from Panama. The South American species Pimpla caerulea Brullé and the Nearctic species P. pedalis Cresson are excluded from the Mexican fauna. Male of Itoplectis mexicana and female of Pimpla dimidiata are recorded for the first time. Identification keys to the species of Itoplectis and Pimpla occurring in Mexico are provided.

Some mites of the family Winterschmidtiidae have symbiotic relationships with eumenine wasps that carry mites in different body cavities. The objective of this work was to study the diversity of mites associated with potter wasps of the genus Zethus. Seventeen individuals belonging to three species of Zethus (Z. aztecus, Z. miscogaster, and Z. montezuma) were recognized from the insect collection of the Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas (MIFA-UAT). Of them, six specimens of two species, Z. aztecus, and Z. miscogaster, had phoretic mites adhered to the body, mainly in cavities of the propodeal and metasomal regions. Ninety-two mite specimens were collected, and two species were recognized: Vidia arizonensis and Zethacarus miscogaster, with all being phoretic or resistant nymphs (hypopus). These are the first records of these mites for the States of Coahuila and Tamaulipas, Mexico.

This second paper on the species of Diaparsis Förster occurring in Papua New Guinea comprises descriptions of ten new species and the second part of the key to the species. The following species are described as new to science: D. alpha sp. nov., D. beta sp. nov., D. delta sp. nov., D. epsilon sp. nov., D. eta sp. nov., D. gamma sp. nov., D. iota sp. nov., D. kappa sp. nov., D. theta sp. nov. and D. zeta sp. nov., raising the total number of currently known Diaparsis species in Papua New Guinea to nineteen.

Two species of the genus Diaparsis Förster, D. phobos sp. nov. and D. deimos sp. nov., are described from Madagascar. The genus Diaparsis, as well as the subfamily Tersilochinae, is recorded from Madagascar for the first time. Both new species possess unuque morphological features previously unknown in the subfamily Tersilochinae: D. deimos sp. nov. has a remarkable slightly decurved ovipositor, and D. phobos sp. nov. possesses deep impressions on outer sides of ocelli.

Four remarkable new species of the genus Probles Förster are described from Vietnam: P. (Euporizon) barycnemiformis sp. nov., P. (E.) diaparsiformis sp. nov., P. (E.) proshchalykini sp. nov. and P. (E.) protoversuta sp. nov.

Palaearctic material of the genus Heterocola Förster was studied, the holotypes of four species were examined and re-described. Heterocola concava (Uchida) from Japan is transferred to Phradis Förster (comb. nov.), and the genus Heterocola is excluded from the fauna of Japan. Specimens of H. proboscidalis (Thomson) and H. rufiventris Horstmann deposited in the Zoological Institute RAS (St Petersburg) and briefly mentioned from the former USSR by K. Horstmann in his revision (1981) are found and re-examined, and their complete label data are provided. Extensive faunistic records of the Palaearctic species of Heterocola primarily based on the Zoological Institute RAS collection are provided. Colour photographs of six species are given for the first time. An identification key to six species of Heterocola occurring in the Palaearctic region is provided; taxonomic status of the seventh species, H. pappi Kolarov, is not clear.

Probles(Euporizon)chernetsoviKhalaim sp. nov. characterised by strongly clavate antennae with unusual sensillar areas, is described as new to science from Central Vietnam.

Mexican species of three pimpline genera, Neotheronia Krieger (24 species), Nomosphecia Gupta (two species) and Xanthopimpla Saussure (one species) are reviewed. Five species of Neotheronia are described as new to science: N. altacima sp. nov., N. bonita sp. nov., N. juanitae sp. nov., N. tequila sp. nov. and N. zaldivari sp. nov. Neotheronia septemtrionalis Krieger, 1905 is found to be a junior synonym of N. nigrolineata (Brullé, 1846) (syn. nov.). Seven species of Neotheronia are new records from Mexico: N. bostrandae Gauld, N. charli Gauld, N. donovani Gauld, N. hespenheidei Gauld, N. lizzae Gauld, N. lloydi Gauld and N. matamorosi (Brullé). Moreover, Neotheronia concolor Krieger, N. lineata (Fabricius), N. mellosa (Cresson) and N. nigrolineata (Brullé) are recorded for the first time from Honduras, and N. rosai Gauld is recorder for the first time from Guatemala. South American species Neotheronia cristata Krieger is excluded from the Mexican fauna. Identification keys to species of Neotheronia and Nomosphecia occurring in Mexico are provided.

In this study, we describe two remarkable species,Ctenochira arkadyiKasparyan,sp. nov.(Tryphoninae) from southern Siberia (Russia), andProbles arkadyiKhalaim,sp. nov.(Tersilochinae) from Japan. These two species are named in honour of our colleague and friend, an expert in Aculeata (Hymenoptera), Russian entomologist, Prof. Arkady Lelej, in honour of his 75thbirthday. The recently described European species,Ctenochira magnusiHaraldseide, 2018, is discovered from the Russian Far East; the male ofC. magnusiis recorded and described for the first time.

A new data on distribution of 19 species of Tersilochinae (Ichneumonidae) belonging to the generaAllophrysFörster (four species),AneuclisFörster (five spp.),DiaparsisFörster (eight spp.) andTersilochusHolmgren (two spp.) in the Afrotropical Region are provided.Tersilochus abyssinicusKhalaim, 2006,syn. nov.is synonymised withT. moestusHolmgren, 1868. The subfamily Tersilochinae is recorded from Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zambia and Yemenfor the first time.

Fauna of the ichneumonid subfamily Tersilochinae of Belarus is reviewed. Eleven genera comprising 55 species have been recognized: Allophroides Horstmann (2 species), Aneuclis Förster (5), Barycnemis Förster (10), Diaparsis Förster (6), Epistathmus Förster (1), Gelanes Horstmann (3), Heterocola Förster (1), Phradis Förster (5), Probles Förster (8), Spinolochus Horstmann (2) and Tersilochus Holmgren (12). One species, Probles dronkia Khalaim sp. nov., is described as new to science, and 42 species are recorded from Belarus for the first time increasing Belarus fauna of Tersilochinae almost 4.6 times.

Based on a large examined material from several world collections, faunistic records of 87 tersilochine species (including one unidentified species of Palpator Khalaim) belonging to 13 genera from Europe (except Russia), North Africa, Caucasus and Middle East are provided. Palpator turpilucricupidus from Europe, Heterocola linguaria from North Africa and subfamily Tersilochinae from Jordan and Syria are recorded for the first time. First colour photographs of the genus Palpator are given.

Mexican species of the genus Probles Forster are reviewed. Twelve species have been discovered from Mexico, all belong to the subgenus Euporizon Horstmann and are new to science: P. alejandroi Khalaim, sp. nov. , P . belokobylskii Khalaim, sp. nov. , P . clypeola Khalaim, sp. nov. , P . contrerasi Khalaim, sp. nov. , P . juanitae Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino, sp. nov. , P . lunai Khalaim, sp. nov. , P . megasoma Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino, sp. nov. , P . miquihuana Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino, sp. nov. , P . picus Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino, sp. nov. , P . spectabilis Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino, sp. nov. , P . xalapana Khalaim, sp. nov. and P . zacapoaxtlana Khalaim, sp. nov. One species, P . megasoma sp. nov. , is also recorded from Costa Rica. An identification key to species of Probles occurring in Mexico is given.

In the second paper on New Zealand Tersilochinae (Ichneumonidae) we review two endemic New Zealand genera, Kiwi gen. nov. (eight species) and Zealochus Khalaim (three species). Nine species are described as new to science: Kiwi barrattae sp. nov., K. canterberus sp. nov., K. earlyi sp. nov., K. gronous sp. nov., K. oreteus sp. nov., K. ruzelus sp. nov., K. waitakerus sp. nov., Zealochus abominosus sp. nov. and Z. stepheni sp. nov. Zealochus gauldi Khalaim is transferred to Kiwi (comb. nov.). Identification keys to species of Kiwi and Zealochus occurring in New Zealand are provided.

The parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae is arguably one of the groups for which current knowledge lags most strongly behind their enormous diversity. In a five-day meeting in Basel (Switzerland) in June 2019, 22 researchers from 14 countries met to discuss the most important issues in ichneumonid research, including increasing the speed of species discovery, resolving higher-level relationships, and studying the radiation of these parasitoids onto various host groups through time. All agreed that it is time to advertise ichneumonid research more broadly in the scientific community and thereby attract young talents to this group for which specialists are sorely lacking. In order to popularize the group, we here suggest a new name for the family, “Darwin wasps”, to reflect the pivotal role they played in convincing Charles Darwin that not all of creation could have been created by a benevolent god. We hope that the name catches on, and that Darwin wasps start buzzing more loudly across all disciplines of biology. A família de vespas parasitóides Ichneumonidae é sem dúvida um dos grupos para os quais o conhecimento atual está mais fortemente atrás de sua enorme diversidade. Em uma reunião de cinco dias em Basileia (Suíça) em junho de 2019, 22 pesquisadores de 14 países se reuniram para discutir as questões mais importantes na pesquisa de icneumonídeos, incluindo aumentar a velocidade da descoberta de espécies, resolver relacionamentos de nível superior e estudar a radiação de esses parasitóides em vários grupos de hospedeiros ao longo do tempo. Todos concordaram que é hora de divulgar a pesquisa de icneumonídeos de forma mais ampla na comunidade científica e, assim, atrair jovens talentos para esse grupo para o qual faltam especialistas. A fim de popularizar o grupo, sugerimos aqui um novo nome para a família, “vespas de Darwin”, para refletir o papel fundamental que desempenharam em convencer Charles Darwin de que nem toda a criação poderia ter sido criada por um deus benevolente. Esperamos que o nome pegue e que as vespas de Darwin comecem a zumbir mais alto em todas as disciplinas da biologia.

Two species of the genus Probles Forster, P. interruptor sp. nov. and P. segaza sp. nov., from South Korea and Russian Far East, are described. Probles interruptor differs from its congeners by occipital carina mediodorsally narrowly interrupted and polished occipital surface extending partly on the vertex. Probles segaza differs from other species of Euporizon by its robust ovipositor with a deep and narrow dorsal subapical notch.

Based on a large quantity ichneumonid material collected mainly from the Mexican states of Veracruz and Quintana Roo, faunistic records of 79 species belonging to subfamilies Acaenitinae, Banchinae, Cryptinae, Cylloceriinae, Labeninae, Lycorininae, Microleptinae, Pimplinae, Tersilochinae, and Tryphoninae are provided. Three species are described as new to science: Latosculum ortegai Kasparyan & Khalaim, sp. nov. (Cryptinae), Eusterinx madorae Khalaim & Kasparyan, sp. nov. (Microleptinae) and Neotheronia veracruzana Khalaim, sp. nov. (Pimplinae). Two genera, Nipponaetes Uchida (Cryptinae) and Meggoleus Townes (Tersilochinae), and six species, Nipponaetes hansoni (Gauld) (Cryptinae), Lycorina moralesi Gauld (Lycorininae), Neotheronia murilloi Gauld (Pimplinae), Meggoleus pampahermosensis Alvarado (Tersilochinae), Phytodietus moragai Gauld, and Zagryphys zulaya Gauld (Tryphoninae), are first records from Mexico. Females of three species, Cestrus tenuiventris (Cresson), Mallochia macula Kasparyan & Ruíz-Cancino (Cryptinae), and Phytodietus moragai Gauld (Tryphoninae), are recorded and described for the first time.

The Tersilochinae (Ichneumonidae) from New Zealand are revised in part, with three new endemic genera and seventeen new species described: Aotearoazeus gen. nov., A. bullivantus sp. nov., A. coronetus sp. nov., A. probles sp. nov., Barycnellus gen. nov., B. aucklandellus sp. nov., B. conlisus sp. nov., B. cuvierensis sp. nov., B. globosus sp. nov., B. robustus sp. nov., Diaparsis zealandica sp. nov., Gauldiana gen. nov., G. arantia sp. nov., G. aspiringa sp. nov., G. dubia sp. nov., G. kaweka sp. nov., G. minuta sp. nov., G. nigra sp. nov., G. rotoitia sp. nov., and G. triangulata sp. nov. Zealochus postfurcalis is transferred to the genus Gauldiana (comb. nov.). The genus Diaparsis is recorded from New Zealand for the first time. Keys to genera and species of Tersilochinae occurring in New Zealand are provided.

Four species of the genus Allophrys Förster, A. daklaka sp. nov., A. davichia sp. nov., A. occipitata Khalaim and A. tonkina sp. nov., and three species of Aneuclis Förster, A. achterbergi sp. nov., A. devriesi sp. nov. and A. secunda (Khalaim), comb. nov., are found to occur in Vietnam. Allophrys daklaka is also recorded from Indonesia. Male of A. secunda is recorded for the first time. This is the first record of the genus Aneuclis from Vietnam and Oriental region. Identification keys to Vietnamese species of Allophrys and Aneuclis are provided. The genus Sathropterus Förster is synonymized with Aneuclis Förster (syn. nov.), and its two species are transferred to the genus Aneuclis: A. pumilus (Holmgren), comb. nov. and A. secunda (Khalaim), comb. nov.

A new species, Phradis hikosanus sp. nov. from South Japan is described and illustrated. It differs from other species of the genus in its disproportionately small globose head and strongly compressed laterally mesosoma (lateral sides of mesosoma are almost flat). A key to three species of Phradis occurring in Japan is provided.

Labilochus brevipalpis gen. & sp. n. from northeast Mexico is described and illustrated. The new genus is distinguished from all other Tersilochinae taxa by its extremely long glossa and galeae in combination with short maxillary and labial palps, and both palps with reduced number of palpomeres. The genus also possesses a remarkable head, which is almost straight behind the eyes in dorsal view and with the occipital carina lacking laterally.

Three species of the genus Allophrys Förster are found to occur in Japan: A. matsumurai sp. nov., A. takemotoi sp. nov. and a third morphospecies known only from males. This is the first description of Allophrys species from Japan, as well as from the entire Palaearctic region. An identification key to Japanese species of Allophrys is provided.

Ten species of the genus Tersilochus are found to occur in South Korea. Eight species belonging to the subgenus Tersilochus are described as new: T. fidicinus sp. n., T. gangwonus sp. n., T. iracundus sp. n., T. nigellus sp. n., T. obstinatus sp. n., T. punctator sp. n., T. serratus sp. n., and T. uncinatus sp. n. One abundant and widely distributed Palaearctic species, T. (Gonolochus) caudatus Holmgren, is recorded from South Korea for the first time. A key to 10 South Korean species of the genus Tersilochus is provided. Recently discovered finger-shaped flagellar structures are found and described in all Korean species of Tersilochus.

Based on a large number of specimens deposited in many collections, and on material collected in a sampling program in Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, 19 North American species of Clistopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are reported. Five species, C. aenigmatica, C. arizonica, C. juliana, C. maya, and C. oaxacana, are described as new. Clistopyga covarrubiasi Khalaim and Hernández, 2008 is synonymysed with C. recurva (Say, 1835) and C. sauberi Brauns, 1898 is once again re-synonymysed with C. canadensis Provancher, 1880. Data on diagnosis, variation, distribution, and hosts of all species are provided. All previously known species are re-described. The present revision extends the distributional range of the Neotropical species C. calixtoi Gauld, 1991, C. fernandezi Gauld, 1991, and C. henryi Gauld, Ugalde, and Hanson, 1998 to the southern part of the Nearctic Region (northern Mexico), and the area of the Nearctic species C. manni Cushman, 1922 to the northern part of the Neotropical region (southern Mexico). An illustrated identification key to all North American Clistopyga species is provided. This study was supported by Projects A/018089/08 and A/026909/09 of AECID (Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación, Spain) and by research grants from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) (Mexico), Conselleria d’Educació (Generalitat Valenciana, Spain, Ref: BEST/2010/036) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (no. 13-04-00026). The work conducted in ZMUT was partly financed by the Kone Foundation (Finland) project “Biodiversity and multitrophic interactions”.

ResumenLos ichneumónidos integran la familia con mayor diversidad de especies en el orden Hymenoptera y una de las más diversas en la clase Insecta. Para México se registran 1 291 especies (5.3% del total mundial) de 300 géneros y 28 subfamilias, con 43 géneros por identificar sus especies, para un total de 343 géneros. Se estiman entre 3 215 y 4 544 especies para el país, considerando la necesidad de más estudios en las regiones norte, centro, occidente y sureste. El 59% (760) de las especies son neotropicales, el 29% (371) son neotropicales y neárticas, el 10% (127) son neárticas y el 2% restante (33) tiene otra distribución. De momento, 45% (580) de las especies se consideran endémicas, situación que se debe a la descripción reciente de muchas especies nuevas y a la falta de más estudios en Centroamérica (excepto Costa Rica).AbstractIchneumonids form the family with more diversity of species in the Order Hymenoptera and one of the more diverse families in the Class Insecta. For Mexico, 1 291 species (5.3% of the world’s total) from 300 genera and 28 subfamilies are recorded; from 43 genera the species have not been identifies, for a total of 343 genera. Between 3 215 and 4 534 species are estimated for the country, considering the necessity of consistent studies in the north, central, western and southeastern regions. Fifty nine percent (760) of the species are Neotropical, 29% (371) are Neotropical and Nearctic, 10% (127) are Nearctic, and the remaining 2% (33) have other affinities. At the moment, 45% (580) of the species are considered endemics but this is because of the recent description of many new species and the necessity of more studies in Central America (except Costa Rica).

Six species of the genus Stethantyx Townes are found to occur in Mexico. One species, S. mexicana sp. n., is described as new, and four recently described Neotropical species, S. alajuela Khalaim & Broad, S. heredia Khalaim & Broad, S. osa Khalaim & Broad and S. sanjosea Khalaim & Broad, are new records from Mexico. A key to species of Stethantyx occurring in Mexico is provided.