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The frequent human exposure to various types of indoor lamps, as well as other light sources (television monitors, tablets and computers), raises a question: are there risks for the population? In the present study the emission of UVA and UVB radiation by lamps and screens of electronic devices were measured in order to determine the safe distance between the emitting source and the individual. We concluded that the lamps and electronic devices do not emit ultraviolet radiation; so they pose no health risk for the population.

SUMMARY Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are uncommon, acute and potentially life-threatening adverse cutaneous drug reactions. These pathologies are considered a hypersensitivity reaction and can be triggered by drugs, infections and malignancies. The drugs most often involved are allopurinol, some antibiotics, including sulfonamides, anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, and some non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Necrosis of keratinocytes is manifested clinically by epidermal detachment, leading to scalded skin appearance. The rash begins on the trunk with subsequent generalization, usually sparing the palmoplantar areas. Macular lesions become purplish, and epidermal detachment occurs, resulting in flaccid blisters that converge and break, resulting in extensive sloughing of necrotic skin. Nikolsky's sign is positive in perilesional skin. SJS and TEN are considered to be two ends of the spectrum of one disease, differing only by their extent of skin detachment. Management of patients with SJS or TEN requires three measures: removal of the offending drug, particularly drugs known to be high-risk; supportive measures and active interventions. Early diagnosis of the disease, recognition of the causal agent and the immediate withdrawal of the drug are the most important actions, as the course of the disease is often rapid and fatal. RESUMO A síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) e a necrólise epidérmica tóxica (NET) são doenças mucocutâneas pouco frequentes, agudas e potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida. Representam uma reação de hipersensibilidade e podem ser desencadeadas por fármacos, infecções e neoplasias. Dentre os principais medicamentos descritos como causadores do quadro estão o alopurinol, alguns antibióticos do grupo das sulfonamidas, anticonvulsivantes, como carbamazepina, e alguns anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais. A necrose dos queratinócitos manifesta-se clinicamente pelo descolamento epidérmico, levando a um aspecto de pele escaldada. A erupção inicia-se no tronco, com posterior generalização, geralmente poupando as áreas palmoplantares. As máculas tornam-se violáceas e há descolamento epidérmico, dando origem a bolhas flácidas, que confluem e se rompem, deixando áreas extensas erosadas. A pele perilesional apresenta sinal de Nikolsky positivo. A SSJ e a NET representam espectros da mesma doença, diferenciando-se pelo grau de descolamento epidérmico. O tratamento da SSJ e da NET é fundamentado em três medidas: retirada da droga ofensora, especialmente as medicações conhecidamente de alto risco; medidas de suporte e intervenções ativas. O diagnóstico precoce da entidade, o reconhecimento do agente causal e a retirada imediata do fármaco são as mais importantes ações, visto que a evolução dos casos é muitas vezes rápida e fatal.

BACKGROUND: Background: Patch tests are an efficient method to confirm the etiological diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: 1) To determine the permanence of results between two tests performed with an interval of at least one year, in patients with allergic contact dermatitis; 2) To compare the positive results according to rates of intensity; 3) To evaluate the permanence of sensitization according to each substance that was tested. METHODS: Patients with previous diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis, confirmed by patch tests carried out between the years 2005 and 2008, underwent new testing, using the same methodology, and data was compared. RESULTS: A total of 1470 results of both tests on 49 patients were analyzed. The negative results remained in the second test in a rate of 96%, and 4% became positive (+) without relevance to the clinical history. Moreover, moderately (++) and strongly (+++) positive results were also maintained in, respectively, 86% and 100%. Nevertheless, weakly (+) positive results became negative in 65%. By ignoring all weakly (+) positive tests, the calculation of Kappa Index of Agreement Statistics between the two tests showed a value of 0.88. CONCLUSION: Patch tests showed to be reliable for negative, moderately (++) positive and strongly (+++) positive results, by reproducing the same standard of individual response to allergens. However, for weakly (+) positive results, tests were not reliable.

Background/Purpose: Excessive exposure of the skin to sunlight may cause many symptoms and skin cancer. The aim was to measure the transmission of ultraviolet (UV) A and UVB radiation through glasses of different types, according to the distance from the light source. Methods: The baseline radiation from UVA and UVB sources was measured at different distances from the photometers. Next, the radiation from the same sources was measured at the same distances, but transmitted by different types of glass. The baseline values were compared with the results after protection using glass. Results: Laminated glass totally blocked UVA radiation, while smooth ordinary glass transmitted the highest dose (74.3%). Greater thicknesses of glass implied less radiation transmitted, but without a significant difference. Green glass totally blocked UVA radiation, while blue glass transmitted the highest dose of radiation (56.8%). The presence of a sunlight control film totally blocked UVA radiation. All glasses totally blocked UVB radiation. Conclusion: The main characteristics of glass that make it a photoprotective agent are its type (especially laminated glass) and color (especially green), which give rise to good performance by this material as a barrier against the transmission of radiation.