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5. Variation is the Norm: Brain State Dynamics Evoked By Emotional Video Clips

Author

Singh, Ashutosh, Westlin, Christiana, Eisenbarth, Hedwig, Losin, Elizabeth A. Reynolds, Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., Wager, Tor D., Satpute, Ajay B., Barrett, Lisa Feldman, Brooks, Dana H., and Erdogmus, Deniz

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

For the last several decades, emotion research has attempted to identify a "biomarker" or consistent pattern of brain activity to characterize a single category of emotion (e.g., fear) that will remain consistent across all instances of that category, regardless of individual and context. In this study, we investigated variation rather than consistency during emotional experiences while people watched video clips chosen to evoke instances of specific emotion categories. Specifically, we developed a sequential probabilistic approach to model the temporal dynamics in a participant's brain activity during video viewing. We characterized brain states during these clips as distinct state occupancy periods between state transitions in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal patterns. We found substantial variation in the state occupancy probability distributions across individuals watching the same video, supporting the hypothesis that when it comes to the brain correlates of emotional experience, variation may indeed be the norm.

Published
2021

9. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy neurobiology in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A domain-related resting-state networks approach

Author

De la Peña-Arteaga, Víctor, Cano, Marta, Porta-Casteràs, Daniel, Vicent-Gil, Muriel, Miquel-Giner, Neus, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mar-Barrutia, Lorea, López-Solà, Marina, Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., Soriano-Mas, Carles, Alonso, Pino, Serra-Blasco, Maria, López-Solà, Clara, and Cardoner, Narcís

Published
2024
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10. Task-Unrelated Thought Increases after Consumption of COVID-19 and General News

Author

Hart, Chelsie M., Mills, Caitlin, Thiemann, Raela F., Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne, and Kam, Julia W. Y.

Abstract

Task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) are frequent distractions from our everyday tasks, which can reduce productivity and safety during task performance. This necessitates the examination of factors that modulate TUT occurrence in daily life. One factor that has previously been implicated as a source of TUT is personally salient concerns. External factors such as news media serve as cues for these concerns, potentially increasing TUT occurrence. However, this has not been thoroughly examined in everyday life settings. We thus utilized Ecological Momentary Assessment to survey participants throughout the day for ten days, on their TUTs and news consumption in two separate studies. Study 1 focused on the impact of news related to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as a common and global concern. We found that TUT occurrence was significantly predicted by COVID-19 news consumption, such that TUT occurrence increased with COVID-19 news consumption. To extend these findings, we implemented Study 2 using similar methods, but focusing on the consumption of news media in general. TUT occurrence was predicted by general news consumption, with an increase in reports of TUT following consumption of news media in general. We thus extended the association found between TUT and COVID-19-related news in Study 1, to any news topic in Study 2. We speculate that the increase in TUTs was due to heightened salience of current concerns, cued by the news. These findings highlight the importance of considering when we choose to consume news media and the value of examining contextual factors when studying TUTs in daily life.

Published
2022
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13. The Neuroscience of Spontaneous Thought: An Evolving, Interdisciplinary Field

Author

Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., Irving, Zachary C., Fox, Kieran C. R., Spreng, R. Nathan, and Christoff, Kalina

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

An often-overlooked characteristic of the human mind is its propensity to wander. Despite growing interest in the science of mind-wandering, most studies operationalize mind-wandering by its task-unrelated contents, which may be orthogonal to the processes constraining how thoughts are evoked and unfold over time. In this chapter, we emphasize the importance of incorporating such processes into current definitions of mind-wandering, and proposing that mind-wandering and other forms of spontaneous thought (such as dreaming and creativity) are mental states that arise and transition relatively freely due to an absence of constraints on cognition. We review existing psychological, philosophical, and neuroscientific research on spontaneous thought through the lens of this framework, and call for additional research into the dynamic properties of the mind and brain.

Published
2017

20. The neurobiology of self-generated thought from cells to systems: Integrating evidence from lesion studies, human intracranial electrophysiology, neurochemistry, and neuroendocrinology

Author

Fox, Kieran C. R., Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., and Christoff, Kalina

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

Investigation of the neural basis of self-generated thought is moving beyond a simple identification with default network activation toward a more comprehensive view recognizing the role of the frontoparietal control network and other areas. A major task ahead is to unravel the functional roles and temporal dynamics of the widely distributed brain regions recruited during self-generated thought. We argue that various other neuroscientific methods - including lesion studies, human intracranial electrophysiology, and manipulation of neurochemistry - have much to contribute to this project. These diverse data have yet to be synthesized with the growing understanding of self-generated thought gained from neuroimaging, however. Here, we highlight several areas of ongoing inquiry and illustrate how evidence from other methodologies corroborates, complements, and clarifies findings from functional neuroimaging. Each methodology has particular strengths: functional neuroimaging reveals much about the variety of brain areas and networks reliably recruited. Lesion studies point to regions critical to generating and consciously experiencing self-generated thought. Human intracranial electrophysiology illuminates how and where in the brain thought is generated and where this activity subsequently spreads. Finally, measurement and manipulation of neurotransmitter and hormone levels can clarify what kind of neurochemical milieu drives or facilitates self-generated cognition. Integrating evidence from multiple complementary modalities will be a critical step on the way to improving our understanding of the neurobiology of functional and dysfunctional forms of self-generated thought.

Published
2016

21. The Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in White Matter and Cognition in Healthy Aging

Author

Grilli, Matthew D., Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., Raichlen, David A., Smith, Samantha Glenn, Grilli, Matthew D., Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., Raichlen, David A., and Smith, Samantha Glenn

Abstract

While certain cognitive domains remain relatively stable into old age in the absence of pathological processes, other domains are selectively vulnerable to healthy aging, including processing speed, executive functions, and memory. These age-related cognitive differences may be in part due to alterations in white matter responsible for propagating neural signals and efficiently connecting brain regions. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of vascular health that may mitigate age effects on cognition by protecting against age-related white matter degradation. In this study, I sought to evaluate the differential impact of CRF on tract-specific white matter integrity (WMI) and global free water (FW) as well as subsequent associations with cognitive aging in a cohort of healthy community-dwelling older adults. First, I identified regional network covariance patterns of CRF-related WMI across four diffusion metrics, axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA). The resulting network patterns were characterized by enhanced integrity related to higher CRF in white matter bundles connecting anterior brain regions to one another, anterior to posterior regions, and subcortical regions. I additionally investigated associations of these patterns with important demographic and vascular health characteristics, including age, sex, macrostructural white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesion load, and vascular risk level. Age and WMH volume were significantly negatively associated with expression of all four CRF-related WMI network patterns while male sex was significantly associated with higher expression of the CRF-AD and CRF-FA patterns. Vascular risk level also demonstrated a significant relationship with the CRF-RD, CRF-MD, and CRF-FA network patterns, such that increased vascular risk burden was associated with reduced expression of these patterns. Second, I assessed the potential mediating effects of

Published
2024

23. Creative Minds at Rest: Creative Individuals are More Associative and Engaged with Their Idle Thoughts.

Author

Raffaelli, Quentin, Malusa, Rudy, de Stefano, Nadia-Anais, Andrews, Eric, Grilli, Matthew D., Mills, Caitlin, Zabelina, Darya L., and Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R.

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, DIVERGENT thinking, FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging, REST periods, BOREDOM
Abstract

Despite an established body of research characterizing how creative individuals explore their external world, relatively little is known about how such individuals navigate their inner mental life, especially in unstructured contexts such as periods of awake rest. Across two studies, the present manuscript tested the hypothesis that creative individuals are more engaged with their idle thoughts and more associative in the dynamic transitions between them. Study 1 captured the real-time conscious experiences of 81 adults as they voiced aloud the content of their mind moment-by-moment across a 10-minute unconstrained baseline period. Higher originality scores on a divergent thinking task were associated with less perceived boredom, more words spoken overall, more freely moving thoughts, and more loosely-associative (as opposed to sharp) transitions during the baseline rest period. In Study 2, across 2,612 participants, those who reported higher self-rated creativity also reported less perceived boredom during the COVID-19 pandemic, a time during which many people experienced unusually extended periods of unstructured free time. Overall, these results suggest a tendency for creative individuals to be more engaged and explorative with their thoughts when task demands are relaxed, raising implications for resting state functional MRI and societal trends to devalue idle time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Insights into the accuracy of social scientists’ forecasts of societal change

Author

Grossmann, Igor, Rotella, Amanda, Hutcherson, Cendri A., Sharpinskyi, Konstantyn, Varnum, Michael E. W., Achter, Sebastian, Dhami, Mandeep K., Guo, Xinqi Evie, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Mandel, David R., Raes, Louis, Tay, Louis, Vie, Aymeric, Wagner, Lisa, Adamkovic, Matus, Arami, Arash, Arriaga, Patrícia, Bandara, Kasun, Baník, Gabriel, Bartoš, František, Baskin, Ernest, Bergmeir, Christoph, Białek, Michał, Børsting, Caroline K., Browne, Dillon T., Caruso, Eugene M., Chen, Rong, Chie, Bin-Tzong, Chopik, William J., Collins, Robert N., Cong, Chin Wen, Conway, Lucian G., Davis, Matthew, Day, Martin V., Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Durham, Justin D., Dziekan, Martyna, Elbaek, Christian T., Shuman, Eric, Fabrykant, Marharyta, Firat, Mustafa, Fong, Geoffrey T., Frimer, Jeremy A., Gallegos, Jonathan M., Goldberg, Simon B., Gollwitzer, Anton, Goyal, Julia, Graf-Vlachy, Lorenz, Gronlund, Scott D., Hafenbrädl, Sebastian, Hartanto, Andree, Hirshberg, Matthew J., Hornsey, Matthew J., Howe, Piers D. L., Izadi, Anoosha, Jaeger, Bastian, Kačmár, Pavol, Kim, Yeun Joon, Krenzler, Ruslan, Lannin, Daniel G., Lin, Hung-Wen, Lou, Nigel Mantou, Lua, Verity Y. Q., Lukaszewski, Aaron W., Ly, Albert L., Madan, Christopher R., Maier, Maximilian, Majeed, Nadyanna M., March, David S., Marsh, Abigail A., Misiak, Michal, Myrseth, Kristian Ove R., Napan, Jaime M., Nicholas, Jonathan, Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos, O, Jiaqing, Otterbring, Tobias, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pauer, Shiva, Protzko, John, Raffaelli, Quentin, Ropovik, Ivan, Ross, Robert M., Roth, Yefim, Røysamb, Espen, Schnabel, Landon, Schütz, Astrid, Seifert, Matthias, Sevincer, A. T., Sherman, Garrick T., Simonsson, Otto, Sung, Ming-Chien, Tai, Chung-Ching, Talhelm, Thomas, Teachman, Bethany A., Tetlock, Philip E., Thomakos, Dimitrios, Tse, Dwight C. K., Twardus, Oliver J., Tybur, Joshua M., Ungar, Lyle, Vandermeulen, Daan, Vaughan Williams, Leighton, Vosgerichian, Hrag A., Wang, Qi, Wang, Ke, Whiting, Mark E., Wollbrant, Conny E., Yang, Tao, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Yoon, Sangsuk, Alves, Ventura R., Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., Bloom, Paul A., Boyles, Anthony, Charis, Loo, Choi, Mingyeong, Darling-Hammond, Sean, Ferguson, Z. E., Kaiser, Cheryl R., Karg, Simon T., Ortega, Alberto López, Mahoney, Lori, Marsh, Melvin S., Martinie, Marcellin F. R. C., Michaels, Eli K., Millroth, Philip, Naqvi, Jeanean B., Ng, Weiting, Rutledge, Robb B., Slattery, Peter, Smiley, Adam H., Strijbis, Oliver, Sznycer, Daniel, Tsukayama, Eli, van Loon, Austin, Voelkel, Jan G., Wienk, Margaux N. A., Wilkening, Tom, Collaborative, The Forecasting, Organizational Psychology, Social Psychology, IBBA, Research Group: Economics, Department of Economics, Department of Social Psychology, Department of Finance, and The Forecasting Collaborative [Member of the MPIB: Anton Gollwitzer]

Subjects
Inequality, cohesion and modernization, Behavioral Neuroscience, Social Psychology, SDG 5 - Gender Equality, IMPLICIT, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Ongelijkheid, cohesie en modernisering, ATTITUDES, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext How well can social scientists predict societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? To answer these questions, we ran two forecasting tournaments testing the accuracy of predictions of societal change in domains commonly studied in the social sciences: ideological preferences, political polarization, life satisfaction, sentiment on social media, and gender–career and racial bias. After we provided them with historical trend data on the relevant domain, social scientists submitted pre-registered monthly forecasts for a year (Tournament 1; N = 86 teams and 359 forecasts), with an opportunity to update forecasts on the basis of new data six months later (Tournament 2; N = 120 teams and 546 forecasts). Benchmarking forecasting accuracy revealed that social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models (historical means, random walks or linear regressions) or the aggregate forecasts of a sample from the general public (N = 802). However, scientists were more accurate if they had scientific expertise in a prediction domain, were interdisciplinary, used simpler models and based predictions on prior data. 18 p.

Published
2023
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47. Insights into accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change

Author

Grossmann, Igor, primary, Rotella, Amanda, additional, Hutcherson, Cendri, additional, Sharpinskyi, Constantine, additional, Varnum, Michael E. W., additional, Achter, Sebastian, additional, Dhami, Mandeep K, additional, Guo, Xinqi, additional, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, additional, Mandel, David R., additional, Raes, Louis, additional, Tay, Louis, additional, Vie, Aymeric, additional, Wagner, Lisa, additional, Adamkovic, Matus, additional, Arami, Arash, additional, Arriaga, Patricia, additional, Baník, Gabriel, additional, Bartoš, František, additional, Baskin, Ernest, additional, Bergmeir, Christoph, additional, Bialek, Michal, additional, Børsting, Caroline Kjær, additional, Browne, Dillon, additional, Caruso, Eugene Matthew, additional, Chen, Rong, additional, Chie, Bin-Tzong, additional, Chopik, William J., additional, Collins, Robert N., additional, Cong, Chin Wen, additional, Conway, Lucian Gideon, additional, Davis, Matthew E, additional, Day, Martin V., additional, Dhaliwal, Nathan, additional, Durham, Justin, additional, Dziekan, Martyna, additional, Elbaek, Christian T., additional, Shuman, Eric, additional, Fabrykant, Marharyta, additional, FIRAT, Mustafa Altuğ, additional, Fong, Geoffrey T., additional, Frimer, Jeremy Abraham, additional, Gallegos, Jonathan, additional, Goldberg, Simon, additional, Gollwitzer, Anton, additional, Goyal, Julia, additional, Graf-Vlachy, Lorenz, additional, Gronlund, Scott D., additional, Hafenbrädl, Sebastian, additional, Hartanto, Andree, additional, Hirshberg, Matthew James, additional, Hornsey, Matthew, additional, Howe, Piers, additional, Izadi, Anoosha, additional, Jaeger, Bastian, additional, Kačmár, Pavol, additional, Kim, Dean Y.J., additional, Krenzler, Ruslan, additional, Lannin, Daniel G, additional, Lin, Hung-Wen, additional, Lou, Nigel Mantou, additional, Lua, Verity Y. Q., additional, Lukaszewski, Aaron, additional, Ly, Albert Le, additional, Madan, Christopher R, additional, Maier, Maximilian, additional, Majeed, Nadyanna M., additional, March, David Scott, additional, Marsh, Abigail, additional, Misiak, Michał, additional, Myrseth, Kristian Ove R., additional, Napan, Jaime, additional, Nicholas, Jonathan, additional, Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos, additional, O, Jiaqing, additional, Otterbring, Tobias, additional, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, additional, Pauer, Shiva, additional, Protzko, John, additional, Raffaelli, Quentin, additional, Ropovik, Ivan, additional, Ross, Robert M, additional, Roth, Yefim, additional, Røysamb, Espen, additional, Schnabel, Landon, additional, Schütz, Astrid, additional, Seifert, Matthias, additional, Sevincer, A. Timur, additional, Sherman, Garrick, additional, Simonsson, Otto, additional, Sung, Ming-Chien, additional, Tai, Chung-Ching, additional, Talhelm, Thomas, additional, Teachman, Bethany, additional, Tetlock, Phil, additional, Thomakos, Dimitrios, additional, Tse, Dwight, additional, Twardus, Oliver, additional, Tybur, Joshua M., additional, Ungar, Lyle H, additional, Vandermeulen, Daan, additional, Williams, Leighton Vaughan, additional, Vosgerichian, Hrag A., additional, Wang, Qi, additional, Wang, Ke, additional, Whiting, Mark E, additional, Wollbrant, Conny Ernst-Peter, additional, Yang, Tao, additional, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, additional, Yoon, Sangsuk, additional, Alves, Ventura R, additional, Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., additional, Bloom, Paul Alexander, additional, Boyles, Anthony, additional, Loo, Charis, additional, Choi, Mingyeong, additional, Darling-Hammond, Sean, additional, Ferguson, Z E, additional, kaiser, cheryl, additional, Karg, Simon Tobias, additional, Ortega, Alberto López, additional, Mahoney, Lori, additional, Marsh, Melvin, additional, Martinie, Marcellin F. R. C., additional, Michaels, Eli, additional, Millroth, Philip, additional, Naqvi, Jeanean, additional, Ng, Weiting, additional, Rutledge, Robb, additional, Slattery, Peter, additional, Smiley, Adam Herschel, additional, Strijbis, Oliver, additional, Sznycer, Daniel, additional, Tsukayama, Eli, additional, van Loon, Austin, additional, Voelkel, Jan G., additional, Wienk, Margaux Nicole Agnes, additional, and Wilkening, Tom, additional

Published
2022
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