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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the current forensic mental health inpatient population within a medium secure unit is more or less complex (i.e. clinical and risk presentations) than former years using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) secure. Additionally, the use of the HoNOS secure as a service-wide measure is discussed in terms of its usefulness. Clinical implications and recommendations are offered for the continued use of the HoNOS secure in services more widely. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective case review of completed HoNOS secure assessments for 130 patients over three time intervals 2012, 2015 and 2018 was used. A multivariate analysis was performed on the data using SPSS version 25. Findings The findings revealed that contrary to clinical opinion, inpatients’ clinical and risk presentations had not changed significantly overtime. Research limitations/implications The study shows the benefits of using the HoNOS secure at a service-wide level to explore and understand similarities and differences in inpatient admissions over time. It also highlights the usefulness of the HoNOS secure for considering different ward characteristics and the needs of patients residing in these environments. Originality/value Although much research exists surrounding the individual use of the HoNOS secure in relation to outcomes, there is limited research focusing on use of the HoNOS secure at the service level. The paper therefore provides evidence of the utility and value of the HoNOS secure as a service-level outcome measure.

The purpose of this study was to measure the long-term moisture build-up in the walls of a house which had been retrofitted with Internal Wall Insulation. This was done by embedding moisture sensors in the walls and then monitoring values over an eight-year period. The results showed that the wall moisture of embedded wood piece sensors had increased to a value of 18–20 % over 8 years. In a comparable wall, which had been treated with water repellent brick cream, the build-up of moisture was significantly reduced to 9–10 % over the same period. This wall was examined after the 8-year period and no visible mould was evident.

There is increasing interest in understanding potential impacts of complex pollutant profiles to long-lived species such as the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), a threatened megaherbivore resident in north Australia. Dietary ingestion may be a key exposure route for metals in these animals and marine plants can accumulate metals at higher concentrations than the surrounding environment. We investigated concentrations of 19 metals and metalloids in C. mydas forage samples collected from a group of offshore coral cays and two coastal bays over a period of 2–3 years. Although no samples exceeded sediment quality guidelines, coastal forage Co, Fe, and V concentrations were up to 2-fold higher, and offshore forage Sr concentrations were ~3-fold higher, than global seagrass means. Principal Component Analysis differentiated coastal bay from coral cay forage according to patterns consistent with underlying terrigenous-type or marine carbonate-type sediment geochemistry, such that coastal bay forage was higher in Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, and Mo (and others) but forage from coral cays was higher in Sr and U. Forage from the two coastal bays was differentiated according to temporal variation in metal profiles, which may be associated with a more episodic sediment disturbance regime in one of the bays. For all study locations, some forage metal concentrations were higher than previously reported in the global literature. Our results suggest that forage metal profiles may be influenced by the presence of some metals in insoluble forms or bound to ultra-fine sediment particles adhered to forage surfaces. Metal concentrations in Great Barrier Reef forage may be present at levels higher than expected from the global seagrass literature and appear strongly influenced by underlying sediment geochemistry.

‘The entire people cry out, “His blood be on us and on our children.”’ Is this the epochal ‘no’ of Israel renouncing its birthright? The legal precedent is not in delict but in contract, in treaties and covenants in which an entire people bind themselves and their descendants, their entire nation, in perpetuity by an imprecatory curse-oath identifying themselves and their descendants with a blood sacrifice that seals the contract. Legally, treaties and covenants require contemporaneous ratification. The author of Matthew’s gospel obtains the acclamations of the other actors, Pilate, the soldiers, the chief priests, scribes and elders and from the sign atop the cross by the formulaic talisman, ‘King of the Jews’ or ‘Israel’s King’ that each recite. He obtains the crowd’s acclamation from Pilate using together the words ‘Christ’ (Messiah) and ‘blood’ and employing a Jewish hand washing ritual. The purpose of the hand washing ritual was to forgive Israel for the guilt of innocent blood. However, Pilate uses this ritual meant to forgive Israel for its extreme opposite perverse purpose to condemn Israel. But the crowd uses the words ‘blood on’ in a different sense that evades Pilate’s request. ‘Blood on’ in the sacrificial system meant acceptance of a sacrificial blood offering.

This article investigates the implementation of a new digital pulse-time modulation (PTM) technique based on a digital pulse internal and width modulation (DPIWM) scheme. Original expressions are presented for code characterization, channel capacity, and power spectral density. These illustrate the advantages of this scheme compared with conventional pulse-code modulation (PCM). Both theoretical and simulated spectral results are given, and are shown to be in close agreement.

A novel digital pulse time modulation (PTM) technique called digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM) is presented, in which the input signal information is transmitted by the time intervals between two succeeding pulses. DPIM has simplicity of circuit configuration combined with other attractive features of digital pulse position modulation (DPPM) for optical-fiber communications. This article derives theoretical expressions for transmission capacity, code characteristics, and power spectral density (PSD), and the analytical results are compared with experimental data.

Drosophila melanogaster is used extensively as a model system to uncover genetic and molecular pathways that regulate various cellular activities. There are five members of the Argonaute protein family in Drosophila. Argonautes have been found to be localized to cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein containing structures in both cultured Drosophila cells and developing embryos. However, in fixed cell preparations some Drosophila Argonaute family proteins co-localize with structures containing known as RNA processing (P) body components while others do not. The ability to image Argonaute family proteins in live Drosophila cells, (both cultured and within developing embryos) allows for accurate genetic dissection of the pathways involved in the assembly, mobility, disassembly, and other dynamic processes of Argonaute-containing bodies. Here we describe a method of rapidly creating vectors for, and assay the activity of, fluorescently tagged Argonaute proteins in cultured Drosophila cells and embryos.

Subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) is an attractive multiplexing technique to deliver broadband services over optical fibres. The majority of existing systems employ an analogue signal for optical transmission and therefore the performance of these systems are limited. This paper proposes to improve SCM system performance by converting the analogue SCM signal into a pulse time modulated signal for optical transmission. A prototype system has been built where a PAL video signal, two audio signals and a data signal form the composite analogue signal. The pulse time modulation techniques investigated are pulse frequency modulation (PFM) and square wave frequency modulation (SWFM). System measurements and theoretical predictions were obtained and they are in close agreement. We have improved the dynamic range and optical power budget considerably, compared to conventional systems.

A communication protocol is a set of rules to ensure the successful transfer of data between two terminals. These rules are analogous with the rules governing human conversation, e.g. only one person should speak at one time, things not understood can be repeated, etc. Data link protocols are one type of communication protocol and govern the transfer of data over both point-to-point links and multi-drop links. A point-to-point link is analogous to a conversation between two people, whilst a multi-drop link, between e.g. a mainframe computer and many terminals, is analogous to the way a TV presenter takes questions from an audience for a panel of experts.

The previous chapter concentrated on point-to-point links. In this chapter we use these links to build a Wide Area Network (WAN). WANs are to be contrasted with Local Area Networks (LANs), which are discussed in the next chapter. A simple distinction between WANs and LANs is that WANs are designed to cover a large geographical area, whilst LANs are designed for a restricted area, e.g. an office building or factory. Another way of distinguishing between WANs and LANs, this time in terms of the network parameters t p (end-to-end propagation delay) and H (holding time), is that the factor a = t p /H is, say, ≥ 10 for WANs and < 10 for LANs, as discussed in chapter 7 on latency.

This chapter considers a data communication channel, using the example of a modem link across the telephone network to connect two computers. The channel can be considered in two parts: from the computers to the modems, and between the modems. In both cases we need a transmission path and some means of coding the data to ensure that it can be transmitted over the link.

LANs such as Ethernet and Token Ring provide a high speed connection compared to WANs such as X.25; they allow workstations to communicate at high speed with little delay, creating a seamless environment where the end users are unaware of the supporting network. The challenge is to extend this seamless environment by providing high speed connections over a wide area, i.e. over WANs and MANs. Fast packet switching is the generic name for new high speed WAN and MAN services and is the topic of this chapter. The protocols considered are: frame relay, which is an access protocol for a WAN; ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), which is a cell relay based WAN protocol; and DQDB (Distributed Queue Dual Bus) which is a MAN protocol. They are not mutually exclusive, indeed both Frame Relay and DQDB can be used to access an ATM network. However, before looking at these protocols we need to consider the topic of congestion, as it is crucial to the design of WANs and WAN protocols.

Local Area Networks (LANs) were originally a way of sharing a resource, such as a printer or modem, amongst several workstations. The solution chosen was to provide a common medium between the workstations and the server, e.g. the printer server. Only one station can use the medium at any one time but it provides a high speed channel, e.g. 10 Mbps in some versions of Ethernet. The alternative way of doing this would have been to use a company’s digital PABX (Private Automatic Branch eXchange) to switch the data over telephone lines. However, although switching means many channels can be simultaneously supported, the data rates available then (typically 64 kbps) were too low to offer a satisfactory solution.

This paper investigates the implementation of a new digital pulse time modulation technique based on digital pulse interval and width modulation scheme. Original expressions are presented for power spectral density, code characterization and channel capacity, illustrating the advantages of this technique compared with conventional pulse code modulation. Both theoretical and practical results are given showing close agreement.

This essay deals with the scene of Pilate and the crowd in Mark and Matthew. In it I suggest that the scene presents a classic, universal, and timeless trope of subaltern-dominant discourse in which the subaltern plays the role of the domi nant, and the dominant unsuccessfully attempts to play the role of the subaltern. The presentation is idealized, not naturalistic or realistic. The narratives are dis guised to contain hidden messages intended to be understood by subaltern Jews but not by dominant Gentiles/Romans, lest the subalterns be subjected to punishment. Rather than being anti-Jewish, as has been commonly held, the narratives, when correctly understood, are, like all subaltern portrayals of subaltern-dominant rela tions, partisanly pro-subaltern/Jewish and anti-dominant/Roman. The literary genre is Roman mime with an additional strong influence from Pharisaic-style parody in a foreign setting, and specifically Esther as the template. In Mark, the actors and the scene portray Caesar and the crowd at the Roman games. The idealized message is that Jesus' trial is quintessentially illegal. In addition to mime, Matthews far more sophisticated psychological narrative draws on classical Greek drama and hidden allusions from rabbinic law. In Matthew, Pilate's perform ance of the Jewish hand-washing ritual is a farce that ironically results in the crowd acclaiming Jesus by providentially accepting Jesus' same-day offer of his blood.

The effect of various compositional substitutions on the colour of long-lived F-centres in the sodalite structure has been investigated by the synthesis and characterisation of several phases of the general composition A8[M′M″O4]6[X,S]2. The visible-region absorption spectrum of the excited state, formed by 256 nm irradiation of the as-synthesised materials, shows a broad absorption whose position correlates with the dimensions of the sodalite cage occupied by the excited electron.