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Objectiu: Aquesta revisió bibliogràfica, pretén examinar les evidències de la reflexologia podal en el control del dolor en pacients amb dolor lumbar (DL) i, el seu funcionament a curt, mig i llarg termini. Preguntes de revisió • Té evidència científica l’utilització la reflexologia en el tractament del DL ? • Pot ser una tècnica complementari útil, en el tractament del DL? • Pot la reflexoteràpia, ajudar a disminuir el consum de analgèsics? Metodologia: Realitzarem una cerca bibliogràfica, entre gener del 2020 i el maig del 2021, utilitzant les paraules clau o descriptors : Reflexologia, Reflexologia podal, Reflexoteràpia, Dolor lumbar, Dolor lumbar inespecífic. La cerca la realitzem en català, castellà i anglès, utilitzant els boleans: “and”, “or”, “xor” i en diferents bases de dades com són: Cochrane, PubMed, Pedro, ResechGate, Scielo; Publicats entre el 2010 i el 2021, analitzant-ne la qualitat metodològica, segons els estàndards de l’AHRQ “Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality”. Resultat: S’han analitzat 8 articles, amb nivells d’evidència entre Ib i IIa, tots ells utilitzant tècniques de reflexologia, amb diferents variants i en persones amb dolor lumbar, des de DL en embarassades, passant per DL mecànic i DL inespecífic, en diferents estadis evolutius de la patologia, agut, subagut i crònic. En tots ells s’han pres multitud de dades, mitjançant qüestionaris, s’han efectuat valoracions físiques i s’han passat escales de percepció subjectives. De tota aquesta informació, se n’extreu que la reflexologia pot ser útil en la disminució de la percepció del dolor, a curt termini en persones amb dolor lumbar. Conclusió: Tot i els resultats positius obtinguts en aquesta revisió, en la que s’ofereixen xifres estadísticament significatives, s’ha de seguir investigant, per tal de millorar-ne l’evidència, així com, establir quins són els mecanismes pels quals actua la reflexoteràpia i generar una millor base de coneixement. Objective: The aim of this literature review is to examine the evidence and effectiveness of foot reflexology in pain control with patients suffering low back pain (LBP), and to observe how it works in the short, medium, and long term. Review questions • Does the use of reflexology in the treatment of LBP have any scientific evidence? • Can reflexology be a complementary tool in the treatment of LBP? • Can reflexology help decrease the use of painkillers? Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out between January 2020 and May 2021, focused on the following keywords: Reflexology, Foot Reflexology, Reflexotherapy, Pain, Low Back Pain, Inespecific Low Back Pain. The search was performed in Catalan, Spanish and English. Using the boleans: “and”, “or”, “xor”. In different databases such as: Cochrane, PubMed, Pedro, ResechGate, Scielo. Published between 2010 and 2021, analyzing its methodological quality, according to the standards of the AHRQ "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality" Results: 8 articles have been analyzed with levels of evidence between Ib and IIa, all of them reflecting on reflexology techniques with different variants in people with low back pain, from LBP in pregnant women, through mechanical LBP or nonspecific LBP in different evolutionary stages of the pathology, acute, subacute and chronic. In all of them, a multitude of data were taken, using questionnaires. Physical assessments were performed and subjective scales of perception were passed. From all this information, it is extracted that reflexology can be useful in decreasing the perception of pain in the short term, mainly among people with low back pain. Conclusions:Despite the positive results obtained in this review, in which statistically significant outcomes are offered, further research is needed to improve the evidence. Also, more evidence is needed in order to establish the mechanisms by which reflexology acts, hence generating better knowledge about its effects.

Background/Objectives Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are prevalent diseases. There is, however, a lack of understanding of the link between diet and IMIDs, how much dietary patterns vary between them and if there are food groups associated with a worsening of the disease. Subjects/Methods To answer these questions we analyzed a nation-wide cohort of n = 11,308 patients from six prevalent IMIDs and 2050 healthy controls. We compared their weekly intake of the major food categories, and used a Mendelian randomization approach to determine which dietary changes are caused by disease. Within each IMID, we analyzed the association between food frequency and disease severity. Results After quality control, n = 11,230 recruited individuals were used in this study. We found that diet is profoundly altered in all IMIDs: at least three food categories are significantly altered in each disease (P < 0.05). Inflammatory bowel diseases showed the largest differences compared to controls (n >= 8 categories, P < 0.05). Mendelian randomization analysis supported that some of these dietary changes, like vegetable reduction in Crohn's Disease (P = 2.5 x 10(-10), OR(95% CI) = 0.73(0.65, 0.80)), are caused by the disease. Except for Psoriatic Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, we have found >= 2 food groups significantly associated with disease severity in the other IMIDs (P < 0.05). Conclusions This cross-disease study demonstrates that prevalent IMIDs are associated to a significant change in the normal dietary patterns. This variation is highly disease-specific and, in some cases, it is caused by the disease itself. Severity in IMIDs is also associated with specific food groups. The results of this study underscore the importance of studying diet in IMIDs.