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Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is an innovative technology that has shown promising results in clinical trials. Treatment is based on modifying the patient's own T cells to express artificial surface receptors to specifically recognize and attack the tumor cells. Objective: To synthesize available evidence on the incidence and management strategies of cytokine release syndrome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who received CAR-T cell therapy. Methods: This is a systematic literature review. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science databases. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic review protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database under number CRD42022359258. Results: Nineteen studies were included with a total of 1193 patients who received CAR-T cell therapy. Of these patients, 804 (67%) developed some degree of cytokine release syndrome. The frequencies of Grade 3 and 4 cytokine release syndrome were 10% and 3%, respectively. The regimen most used in the management of the syndrome included tocilizumab and/or glucocorticoids. Conclusion: The results obtained in this review demonstrate high rates of cytokine release syndrome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with CAR-T cell therapy, however these events are manageable, supporting the conclusion that this therapy is safe in these patients.

O artigo apresenta os livros publicados em francês da coleção digital “Práticas e saberes matemáticos nas escolas normais do Rio Grande do Sul” composta pelos documentos do acervo do Laboratório de Matemática do Instituto de Educação General Flores da Cunha (LM/IE), constituído entre os anos 1950 e 1990. O texto enfoca os livros dos autores Zoltan Paul Dienes, Nicole Picard, Caleb Gattegno, Georges Papy e Frédérique Papy e Louis Duvert, René Gauthier e Maurice Glaymann que são os autores de maior parte dos livros em francês pertencentes à coleção digital. Discute-se a importância desses livros em estudos e cursos promovidos pelo Instituto de Educação, principalmente referentes à modernização do ensino de matemática na formação de professores. As obras de Dienes, autor associado ao Movimento da Matemática Moderna, foram amplamente traduzidas e utilizadas pelas normalistas no Instituto de Educação, assim como os livros de Nicole Picard. O método de “Números em Cores”, bastante difundido por Caleb Gattegno, fora aplicado em aulas no ensino primário, e o Material Cuisenaire deixou marcas na prática pedagógica no Instituto de Educação.

Abstract The Cerrado is an important South American biome, with a wide diversity of fruit species, with attractive sensory characteristics and high nutritional value. In this scenario, the industrial production of food products made from Cerrado fruits is a viable alternative to favor their use and commercialization. From this perspective, this study presents an overview of food products made from Cerrado fruits, such as pequi, cagaita, baru, buriti, and caja-manga. Our data indicate that jellies, flours, beverages, and other by-products of Cerrado fruits have similar physical-chemical characteristics to those produced with conventional fruits, in addition to good sensorial acceptability and stability regarding microbiological standards. Therefore, the processing of Cerrado fruits constitutes an interesting alternative for the sustainable use of native fruits and may represent an income alternative for small rural producers, contributing to the protection of biodiversity and biome preservation. However, further research is still needed on the subject, especially with regard to processing practices and product quality.

Food allergy triggers an immune response to dietary proteins, resulting in food rejection and dermatological and gastrointestinal manifestations. The preferred therapies include diets with hydrolyzed proteins or unusual single-source proteins, with insect protein emerging as a promising option, with no reported allergic reactions in dogs with a food allergy. In this case study, the effects of including black soldier fly larva (BSFL) meal were observed in a 5-year-old spayed beagle previously diagnosed with a food allergy. The objective was to assess the potential of BSFL meal as an adjunct in treating a food allergy. As part of the protocol, two nutritionally very similar diets were used, differing only in the protein source: the control diet, with poultry by-product meal; and the BSFL diet, which completely replaced the poultry by-product meal. After a 12-day adaptation period to the BSFL diet, the dog showed no gastrointestinal changes, maintaining an adequate fecal score and no clinical signs of the disease. A challenge test with the control diet resulted in episodic gastrointestinal symptoms, which were reversed within two days by reintroducing the BSFL diet. The BSFL protein-based diet was effective in controlling the dog’s clinical signs.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs is the most common chronic gastrointestinal disease in dogs. Its etiology evolves an aberrant immunological response towards food antigens and indigenous bacteria in the gut bacteria and, consequently, dysbiosis. Prebiotics provide substrates for the growth of beneficial bacteria and promote the production of beneficial fermentation products. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral supplementations of beta-glucans and mannanoligosaccharides (MOSs) over 60 days in fecal microbiota and fecal concentrations of fermentation products in dogs with mild IBD. Eighteen dogs with mild IBD were divided into three experimental groups in a blinded and randomized manner: A—dogs received 0.1% of a beta-glucan-based prebiotic, B—dogs received 0.1% of a MOS + beta-glucan-based prebiotic, and C—dogs received 0.1% of a placebo. Fecal microbiota was analyzed using the latest generation 16S rRNA sequencing (Illumina®). Relative abundances of each taxon were analyzed using a generalized linear model, and fermentation products using a mixed model. A significance level of p was used. The prebiotics positively modulated the bacterial population of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Treatment A improved alpha diversity and populations of beneficial bacteria. Beta-glucan supplementation for 60 days had beneficial effects on modulating intestinal microbiota in dogs with mild IBD.

In this study, 6061 Al alloy was galvanostatically anodized under the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) condition. A factorial design of 22 was carried out using two variables (anodization time and presence of silver in the electrolyte) on two levels, i.e., 20 and 60 min of anodization and the absence/presence of silver ions in the electrolyte. The Al anodization was performed in sodium silicate electrolyte, applying a constant current density of 20 mA cm−2. The oxide characterization was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), surface roughness analysis (RMS), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Rutherford Backscattered Spectroscopy (RBS), and Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD). The SEM micrographs revealed an irregular porous structure with cracks on the oxide surface composed of a thin crystalline layer of γ-Al2O3 over the Al substrate. From EDS and RBS analysis, it was possible to identify the elements Al, O, Si, Ag, and Na, demonstrating that a shorter anodization time (20 min) led to a significant amount of silver deposits on the outer layer of the oxide coating, mainly deposited in the surroundings of the pores. Conversely, the silver content on the PEO film anodized for 60 min was meager. These results demonstrated that the anodization time was the critical control variable for the amount of silver deposited over the oxide film. The shorter the anodizing time, the higher the silver content on the PEO coating.

The inclusion of beta-glucans in dog and cat food is associated with numerous beneficial effects on the health of these animals. In this regard, there is an effort to elucidate the potential of this nutraceutical in chronic patients. Since there is a lack of a review on the topic, this review article aims to compile and discuss the evidence found to date. Atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteoarthritis are diseases of significant clinical relevance in dogs and cats. In general, the pathophysiology of these chronic conditions is related to immune-mediated and inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore, the immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of beta-glucans are highlighted throughout this review. The available information seems to indicate that the studies on beta-glucans’ impact on allergic processes in dogs indicate a reduction in clinical signs in atopic dermatitis cases. Additionally, while beta-glucans show promise as a safe supplement, particularly for osteoarthritis, further clinical trials are imperative, especially in uncontrolled environments. Beta-glucans emerge as a potential nutraceutical offering immune benefits for inflammatory bowel disease patients, although extensive research is required to define its optimal origin, molecular weight, dosage, and specific applications across animals suffering from this disease.

Embora em expansão, a pesquisa linguística empírica da língua portuguesa ainda está longe de alcançar todo o seu potencial. Acreditamos que isso possa se dever, em parte, pelo desconhecimento de alguns investigadores de recursos já disponíveis gratuitamente. Neste artigo, apresentamos algumas ferramentas da Linguística de Corpus e um corpus de escrita acadêmica em português (CoPEP), e como eles podem ser utilizados para explorar o fenômeno do desfocamento do agente em artigos acadêmicos publicados no Brasil e em Portugal. Para isso, utilizamos recursos já existentes para anotar e disponibilizar de forma gratuita e online o CoPEP, um corpus de extrema utilidade para investigações linguísticas acerca do português acadêmico.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotypes developed by the Peach Breeding Program at the Federal University of Viçosa, as regards to resistance to M. incognita. Six rootstocks genotypes propagated by cuttings (713-07, 713-13, 913-3, 913-6, 913-11 and 913-17) and two rootstocks propagated by seeds (‘Okinawa’ and hybrid between scion cultivars Aurora 2 x Aurora 1), were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized block design with five replicates and one plant per experimental units. After establishing the plants in pot, maintained in a greenhouse, this were inoculated with 11.000 juveniles + eggs of M. incognita. Evaluations were performed at 140 days after inoculation. The roots were evaluated and the number of galls and egg mass in the roots were determined. The eggs were extracted from each plant for quantification and determination of the Reproduction Factor (RF) of the nematode. The peach genotypes 913-3, 913-6, 913-11, 913-17 and 713-7 showed an immune reaction to M. incognita. Genotype 713-13 showed susceptible reaction to M. incognita. The hybrid between scion cultivars Aurora 2 x Aurora 1 confirmed susceptible.

In the context of the rising prevalence of obesity among pets, this study aimed to assess the economic aspects of weight reduction protocols for dogs and cats, considering the lack of information and the varying costs of commercial and homemade diets. The results indicated an average weekly weight loss rate of 1.02% for dogs and 0.92% for cats, with a reduction in body fat mass (p < 0.005). The cost analysis included an evaluation of both dry and wet commercial prescription diets as well as homemade diets. The results unveiled higher expenses associated to wet commercial diets, followed by homemade and dry commercial diets (p < 0.001). The study demonstrated that despite the initial investment, the long-term benefits of weight loss, including improved health and reduced financial burdens for owners, justify the expenses incurred. This comprehensive analysis provides veterinarians and pet owners with valuable insights into the economic considerations of weight reduction protocols, facilitating informed decision making and promoting pet well-being.

β-glucan is part of the cell wall of fungi and yeasts and has been known for decades to have immunomodulating effects on boosting immunity against various infections as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is able to modify biological responses. β-glucan has been used in rat models and in vitro studies involving sepsis and SIRS with good results, but this supplement has not been evaluated in the treatment of endotoxemia in horses. This study aims to evaluate the effects of preventive supplementation with β-glucan in horses submitted to endotoxemia by means of inflammatory response modulation. Eight healthy horses, both male and female, aged 18 ± 3 months, weighing 300 ± 100 kg of mixed breed, were randomly assigned to two groups of four animals, both of which were subjected to the induction of endotoxemia via the intravenous administration of E. coli lipopolysaccharides (0.1 µg/kg). For 30 days before the induction of endotoxemia, horses in the β-glucan group (GB) received 10 mg/kg/day of β-glucan orally, and horses in the control group (GC) received 10 mg/kg/day of 0.9% sodium chloride orally. The horses were submitted to physical exams, including a hematological, serum biochemistry, and peritoneal fluid evaluation, and the serum quantification of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. For statistical analysis, the normality of residues and homogeneity of variances were verified; then, the variables were analyzed as repeated measures over time, checking the effect of treatment, time, and the interaction between time and treatment. Finally, the averages were compared using Tukey’s test at a significance level of 5%. Horses from both experimental groups presented clinical signs and hematological changes in endotoxemia, including an increase in heart rate and body temperature, neutrophilic leukopenia, an increase in serum bilirubin, glucose, lactate, and an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Hepatic and renal function were not compromised by β-glucan supplementation. GB presented higher mean values of the serum total protein, globulins, and IL-8 compared to that observed in GC. In the peritoneal fluid, horses from GB presented a lower mean concentration of neutrophils and a higher mean concentration of macrophages compared to the GC. It was concluded that preventive supplementation of β-glucan for thirty days modulated the immune response, as evidenced by increasing serum total proteins, globulins, IL-8, and changes in the type of peritoneal inflammatory cells, without effectively attenuating clinical signs of endotoxemia in horses. Considering the safety of β-glucan in this study, the results suggest the potential clinical implication of β-glucan for prophylactic use in horse endotoxemia.

Abstract Background Among the undesirable changes associated with obesity, one possibility recently raised is dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. Studies have shown changes in microbiota in obese rats and humans, but there are still few studies that characterize and compare the fecal microbiota of lean, obese and dogs after weight loss. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a weight loss program (WLP) in fecal microbiota of dogs in addition to comparing them with those of lean dogs. Twenty female dogs of different breeds, aged between 1 and 9 years were selected. They were equally divided into two groups: Obese group (OG), with body condition score (BCS) 8 or 9/9, and body fat percentage greater than 30%, determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method, and lean group (LG) with BCS 5/9, and maximum body fat of 15%. Weight loss group (WLG) was composed by OG after loss of 20% of their current body weight. Fecal samples were collected from the three experimental groups. Total DNA was extracted from the feces and these were sequenced by the Illumina methodology. The observed abundances were evaluated using a generalized linear model, considering binomial distribution and using the logit link function in SAS (p

Abstract Background Obesity is one of the most common nutritional disorders in dogs and cats and is related to the development metabolic comorbidities. Weight loss is the recommended treatment, but success is difficult due to the poor satiety control. Yeast beta-glucans are known as biological modifiers because of their innumerable functions reported in studies with mice and humans, but only one study with dogs was found. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet supplemented with 0.1% beta-glucan on glucose, lipid homeostasis, inflammatory cytokines and satiety parameters in obese dogs. Fourteen dogs composed three experimental groups: Obese group (OG) with seven dogs with body condition score (BCS) 8 or 9; Lean group (LG) included seven non-obese dogs with a BCS of 5; and Supplemented Obese group (SOG) was the OG dogs after 90 days of consumption of the experimental diet. Results Compared to OG, SOG had lower plasma basal glycemic values (p = 0.05) and reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. TNF-α was lower in SOG than in OG (p = 0.05), and GLP-1 was increased in SOG compared to OG and LG (p = 0.02). Conclusion These results are novel and important for recognizing the possibility of using beta-glucan in obesity prevention and treatment.

O presente artigo pretende oferecer uma metodologia de pesquisa com o pacote Quanteda, que utiliza a linguagem R, aplicada à análise da obra de Fernando Pessoa. Quanteda (Quantitative Analysis of Textual Data) é um pacote de R para a manipulação e estudo de dados textuais. O programa objetiva aplicar processamento de linguagem natural a textos. Por sua vez, R é uma linguagem de programação para computação estatística suportada pelo R Core Team e R Foundation for Statistical Computing. A ferramenta, assim, permite o estudo textual quantitativo de corpus e oferece ferramentas de visualização que representam as análises. Desde topic modeling até redes semânticas ou análises de co-ocorrências, as ferramentas possibilitam estudos e representações detalhados de estruturas textuais.

A Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA) é a utilização de animais para fins terapêuticos humanos, ou seja, é selecionado um animal que após ser treinado vai interagir por longos períodos com o paciente e realizar exercícios supervisionados por profissionais. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma análise quantitativa da produção científica sobre TAA no período de 2000 a 2019 a fim de responder algumas perguntas, tais como: Os trabalhos sobre TAA estão aumentando ao longo dos anos? Quais autores, instituições, periódicos científicos e países que se destacam nessas publicações? Quais os organismos mais utilizados em TAA e o público-alvo nos estudos selecionados? Utilizando a base de dados Scopus levantou-se 853 artigos científicos publicados sobre TAA no período pesquisado. O estudo revelou que as publicações sobre TAA apresentaram uma tendência de aumento variando de 8 estudos em 2001 a 137 em 2019. Os cães (303 estudos) e cavalos (59 estudos) foram os animais mais utilizados em TAA nos artigos levantados. Assim, a caracterização e quantificação da produção científica sobre Terapia Assistida por Animais demonstrou uma importante ferramenta para se avaliar a disseminação desse método terapêutico em âmbito mundial.

Abstract Nowadays, there is a growing concern about contamination of toxic metals (TM) in pet food due to the great potential for health risks of these elements. TM concentrations in commercial pet foods (n = 100) as well as in ingredients used in their composition (n = 100) were analyzed and compared to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maximum tolerable level (MTL), and the TM concentrations found in the different sources of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were compared. The TM concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Concentrations above the MTL for aluminum, mercury, lead, uranium, and vanadium were observed in both dog and cat foods, and the percentage of dog foods that exceeded the MTL of these TM were: 31.9%; 100%; 80.55%; 95.83%; and 75%, respectively, and in cat foods: 10.71%; 100%; 32.14%; 85.71%; 28.57%, respectively. The MTL values of these TMs and the mean values in dog foods (mg/kg dry matter basis) (MTL [mean ± standard deviation]) were: aluminum: 200 (269.17 ± 393.74); mercury: 0.27 (2.51 ± 1.31); lead: 10 (12.55 ± 4.30); uranium: 10 (76.82 ± 28.09); vanadium: 1 (1.35 ± 0.69), while in cat foods were: aluminum: 200 (135.51 ± 143.95); mercury: 0.27 (3.47 ± 4.31); lead: 10 (9.13 ± 5.42); uranium: 10 (49.83 ± 29.18); vanadium: 1 (0.81 ± 0.77). Dry foods presented higher concentrations of most TM (P

Enterococcus spp. are commensals of the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals and colonize a variety of niches such as water, soil, and food. Over the last three decades, enterococci have evolved as opportunistic pathogens, being considered ESKAPE pathogens responsible for hospital-associated infections. Enterococci’s ubiquitous nature, excellent adaptative capacity, and ability to acquire virulence and resistance genes make them excellent sentinel proxies for assessing the presence/spread of pathogenic and virulent clones and hazardous determinants across settings of the human–animal–environment triad, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis of the One Health continuum. This review provides an overview of enterococcal fitness and pathogenic traits; the most common clonal complexes identified in clinical, veterinary, food, and environmental sources; as well as the dissemination of pathogenic genomic traits (virulome, resistome, and mobilome) found in high-risk clones worldwide, across the One Health continuum.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very important, is still poorly explored. The weight loss protocol can be updated and improved by more precise and adjusted equations throughout the weight loss program in the clinical routine practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze weight loss program dynamics in groups according to reproductive status, age, body size, and breed, as well as to define more accurately the amount of calories per target metabolic weight throughout the program. Data of 1,053 cases, presented between 2012 and 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 77 obese dogs (body condition scores 8/9 or 9/9) of different ages, breeds, sizes, and reproductive status were selected. These dogs did not have any concomitant illnesses and successfully completed the weight loss program. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The proposed weight loss program was based on an energy restriction protocol where daily energy intake (in kcal) was estimated as 70 kcal × target weight0.75. The target weight (TW) was defined as 80% of the animal’s current weight. The average calorie intake for weight loss (calories x target weight0.75) was lower for spayed females (62.36), differing from intact males (66.14) and neutered males (65.41), while intact females (63.66) showed intermediate values without differing between groups (p = 0.015). There were no differences between weight loss calories according to age (p = 0.473) or body size (p = 0.084), allowing the use of the same mathematical equation for intact and neutered dogs; for dogs older than 1 year and of different body sizes. Regarding the breed, the average calorie intake was lower (p = 0.002) in mixed breed dogs (61.54xTW0.75) when compared to obesity-prone purebred dogs (64.17xTW0.75) and other purebreds (65.27xTW0.75). It was concluded that spayed females and mixed breed dogs have greater difficulty in losing weight, that is, they need fewer calories per metabolic body weight for the weight loss program to succeed. A more accurate equation for energy requirement for weight loss can improve chances of success, therefore improving compliance and helping clinical management of obesity in dogs.

Coprophagia is a common and undesirable behavior observed in dogs; however, little is known about its causes or possible consequences when analysis of the animal’s feces is needed for experimental purposes. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of coprophagy on digestibility, fecal pH, and fermentative metabolites. Twelve healthy dogs with a mean age of 3.50 ± 1.45 years were included and divided into two groups: coprophagic (COP) and non-coprophagic (NCOP). The study lasted 30 days, the last 6 days being used to collect feces for the analysis of the apparent digestibility of coefficients (ADC), fecal pH, and the concentration of short- and branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, and fecal lactic acid. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software. No differences were observed for most variables, except for the ADC of nitrogen-free extract (NFE), which presented the highest average for the COP. This result should be interpreted with caution, as the NFE is estimated from calculations and was not determined in the laboratory; in addition, the results represent not only starch and sugars but also some parts referring to fibers. Therefore, coprophagy seemed not to influence the fecal variables analyzed.

Modifications of Ti–based surface are increasingly studied to improve biological responses on the biomedical implants field. In this study, nanotubular arrays were grown from Ticp (T) and its alloy, Ti6Al4V (A), by potentiostatic anodization at 25 V for 90 min in ethylene glycol media containing 0.75 % w/w of NH4F, H2O 9% v/v and 1% v/v of Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) maintained at 10 °C (T10 and A10) and 40 °C (T40 and A40) for drug release studies. Coatings were top filled with cefazolin (1 mg) and the releasing procedure was performed in 5 mL of PBS at 37 °C, taking 0.5 mL aliquots at 1, 4, 7, 10, 15 and 30 min. The as-formed coatings were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-rays Diffraction (XRD) and contact angle measurements. Contact angle measurements indicate that T-based nanotubular coatings are highly wettable, being ≈ 0.00° and 6.74° ± 1.96 for T10 and T40 respectively. Coatings obtained from Ti-alloy exhibits low wettability than T-based samples for both temperatures. All samples release the drug on short time intervals (4 to 10 min). The drug release rate is inversely proportional to the contact angle, considering substrate groups. Thus, a higher wettability tendency presents a higher release rate. This result shows that wettability is an important parameter to be considered in the design of Ti-based biomaterials. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i6.1251

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extruded sorghum flour (ESF) on rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) on gut microbiota modulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (AIN-93 M, n = 8), HFD (n = 8), or HFD plus ESF replacing 50% cellulose and 100% corn starch (HFDS50, n = 8) or HFD plus ESF replacing 100% cellulose and 100% corn starch (HFDS100, n = 8) for eight weeks. ESF improved the composition of intestinal microbiota by increasing the proportion of the Bacteroidetes phylum instead of the Firmicutes phylum. Furthermore, ESF reduced the concentrations of p65 NF-κB in liver, seric resistin, lipids peroxidation and increase the total antioxidant capacity of plasma, the expression of superoxide dismutase, and the heat shock protein 72. In conclusion, ESF improves the intestinal dysbiosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats fed a hyperlipid diet.

Resumo Objetivo verificar a prevalência da utilização de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados e polifarmácia pela pessoa idosa. Método estudo observacional, com recorte transversal, analítico, quantitativo, de base populacional em uma associação de aposentados. Os dados foram coletados a partir de questionário estruturado, criado pelos próprios pesquisadores e aplicado em domicílio a uma amostra de 203 pessoas idosas. Resultados a idade média dos participantes foi de 73,1+8,13 anos (IC90%: 72,2-74,0), variando de 60 a 95 anos. A maioria declarou-se casado 54,2% (n=110/203), com ensino fundamental 71,4% (n=145/203), e renda familiar entre 2 e 4 salários mínimos 49,3% (n=100/203). As comorbidades mais encontradas foram: hipertensão arterial sistêmica 67,5% (n=137/203), artrite/artrose 30,5% (n=62/203), osteoporose 20,2% (n=41/203), entre outras. Quanto ao uso de medicamentos contínuos e eventuais, constatou-se uma mediana de 6 medicamentos utilizados pelos participantes, sendo 1 o número mínimo e 18 o número máximo. Houve polifarmácia em 64,5% (n=131/203) dos idosos e o uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados em 78,8% (n=160/203). Quanto à utilização de polifarmácia, foi verificado associação significativa com: sexo feminino (p=0,004); e ter baixa escolaridade (p=0,017), e estado civil solteiro (0,027). Conclusão no âmbito da farmacoepidemiologia, o conhecimento dos fatores associados à utilização de medicamentos, como os identificados neste estudo, pode ser útil para alertar os prescritores e demais profissionais da saúde quanto à importância de identificar e monitorar os grupos mais vulneráveis, como por exemplo, as pessoas idosas.

Primary hyperlipidaemia in Schnauzer is characterized by increased plasma triglycerides (TG) and/or total cholesterol (TC) concentration and is associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatitis, insulin resistance and seizures. In humans, omega-3 fatty acids in addition to a low-fat diet can be used to reduce TG and TC. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids associated to a diet management with two different fat content in Schnauzer with primary hyperlipidaemia. Eighteen dogs with primary hyperlipidaemia were divided into two groups: group 1, n = 10, 8 females, 2 males, age (mean ± standard deviation) of 7.13 ± 2.70 years and body weight (BW) (mean ± standard deviation) of 7.25 ± 1.22 kg were treated with fish oil (approximately 730 mg/day of omega-3) associated with a low-fat and low-calorie diet (approximately 24g of fat/1000 kcal) for 90 days (T90); and group 2, n = 8 dogs, 6 females, 2 males, with 7.0 ± 1.77 years old and average BW of 8.36 ± 1.51 kg, treated with fish oil (approximately 730 mg/day of omega-3) and maintenance diet with moderate amount of fat (approximately 33g of fat/1000 kcal) for 90 days. Plasma TG and TC concentrations and lipoprotein (LP) profile (VLDL, LDL, HDL) were evaluated before and after treatment. TG and TC serum concentrations, expressed in mg/dL (mean ± standard deviation), before and after treatment in group 1 were: TG = 391.30 ± 487.86 (T0) and 118.7 ± 135.21 (T90); TC = 308.2 ± 63.06 (T0) and 139 ± 36.91 (T90). As for group 2, TG = 391.63 ± 336.89 (T0) and 250.75 ± 211.56 (T90); TC = 257.25 ± 92.88 (T0) and 207.25 ± 63.79 (T90). A reduction (p

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is characterized by thickening of the valve leaflets and omega-3 (ω-3) supplementation has been associated with modulation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, improvement of doppler echocardiographic indices, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and anti-dislipidemic effects in dogs and humans, although prospective studies of it single use are still absent in the veterinary literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of ω-3 supplementation in dogs with MMVD. Twenty-nine dogs were followed quarterly for 12 months by clinical evaluation, arterial blood pressure, electrocardiography, doppler echocardiography, thoracic radiography and laboratory tests including inflammatory mediators and cardiac biomarker blood concentrations. The dogs were classified in stages B2 and C, according to the classification proposed by ACVIM 2019. They were randomly assigned to either ω-3 group (ω-3G) or control group (CG). The ingestion of ω-3 reduced the chance of developing arrhythmias by 2.96 times (p = 0.003). The vertebral heart size (VHS) measurements were higher in the control group (p = 0.033). In conclusion, at the dosages used in this study, ω-3 dietary supplementation reduces the volumetric overload, has antiarrhythmic effect and keeps dogs with B2 and C stages of MMVD in milder stages of the disease.

The objective of this study was to compare the dosages for anesthesia induction in obese dogs using propofol based on lean body weight or total body weight. For this purpose, seven dogs with ideal body condition score (BCS) (BCS 4-5; 17.3 ± 2.5% fat mass) were included in the control group (CG), seven obese dogs (BCS 8-9; 45.7 ± 2.9% fat mass) in the total body weight group (TBWG) and seven obese dogs (BCS 8-9; 42.8 ± 6.3% fat mass) in the lean body weight group (LBWG). Anaesthesia was induced by a constant rate infusion of propofol at 150 mg kg−1 hour−1 through a propofol infusion pump until the loss of consciousness; the animals in CG and TBWG received a propofol infusion based on total body weight; the animals in LBWG received a propofol infusion based on lean body mass (in kg) determined by the deuterium dilution method. The results were compared between the groups using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The propofol dosage used was 11.4 ± 3.2 mg kg−1, 8.0± 2.0 mg kg−1 and 14.1 ± 4.7 mg kg−1 in groups CG, TBWG and LBWG, respectively, and they were different among all groups (p < 0.001). There was also a statistical difference in the time between the start of propofol infusion and loss of consciousness in which LBWG took longer than CG and TBWG (p = 0.004). This study shows that obese dogs require lower dosages of propofol when inducing anesthesia than ideal BCS dogs anesthetized with dosages based on total body weight, when the propofol dosages are calculated on the basis of muscle mass it should be increased.

Abstract Objective: to investigate the use of drugs, potential drug interactions and iatrogenesis, as factors associated with frailty. Method: an observational, cross-sectional, population-based study of elderly persons registered with the Family Health Strategies of the urban area of a municipal region in the south of Brazil was carried out. The sample was probabilistic and involved 554 elderly persons; and the proportional stratified sampling technique by FHS and gender was used. Data collection was performed in the home, with the gathering of information regarding sociodemographic characteristics and pharmacotherapeutic profile and the evaluation of frailty based on Fried et al. (2001). Results: medications were taken by 86.3% of the elderly and there was a prevalence of frailty of 63.0%. A total of 39.4% of the elderly were exposed to polypharmacy, 49.1% used potentially inappropriate medications and 52.2% were exposed to potential drug interactions, the most frequent being enalapril and metformin. An association between increased risk of frailty and the variables: polypharmacy; use of potentially inappropriate medications; potential drug interactions; more than two potential drug interactions with the presence or absence of potentially inappropriate medication was identified. Conclusion: an association was found between frailty and polypharmacy, the use of potentially inappropriate medication and the presence of drug interactions. The findings underscore the importance of the monitoring of drug therapy in this population group with a view to the early detection, prevention and resolution of iatrogenesis arising from the use of medicines.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast culture can be dehydrated, and it has a potential prebiotic effect. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing increasing levels of dehydrated yeast culture (DYC) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Original XPC™, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) on fecal microbiota, nutrient digestibility, and fermentative and immunological parameters of healthy adult dogs. Eighteen adult male and female dogs with a mean body weight of 15.8 ± 7.37 kg were randomly assigned to three experimental treatments: CD (control diet), DYC 0.3 (control diet with 0.3% DYC) and DYC 0.6 (control diet with 0.6% DYC). After 21 days of acclimation, fecal samples were collected for analysis of nutrient digestibility, microbiota and fecal fermentation products. On the last day, the blood samples were collected for the analysis of immunological parameters. The microbiome profile was assessed by the Illumina sequencing method, which allowed identifying the population of each bacterial phylum and genus. The statistical analyses were performed using the SAS software and the Tukey test for multiple comparison (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that the addition of DYC increased the percentage of the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (p = 0.0048 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and reduced that of the phylum Fusobacteria (p = 0.0008). Regardless of the inclusion level, the yeast addition promoted reduction of the genera Allobaculum and Fusobacterium (p = 0.0265 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and increased (p = 0.0059) that of the genus Clostridium. At the highest prebiotic inclusion level (DYC 0.6), an increase (p = 0.0052) in the genus Collinsella and decrease (p = 0.0003) in Prevotella were observed. Besides that, the inclusion of the additive improved the apparent digestibility of the crude fiber and decreased the digestibility of crude protein, nitrogen-free extract and metabolizable energy (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the production of volatile organic compounds. However, an increase in propionate production was observed (p = 0.05). In addition, the inclusion of yeast resulted in an increased phagocytosis index in both treatments (p = 0.01). The addition of 0.3 and 0.6% DYC to the diet of dogs wase able to modulate the proportions of some phyla and genera in healthy dogs, in addition to yielding changes in nutrient digestibility, fermentative products and immunity in healthy adult dogs, indicating that this additive can modulate fecal microbiota and be included in dog nutrition.

Objetivo: Identificar quais os fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de desgaste emocional, estresse e burnout estão presentes na assistência de enfermagem às pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura, com busca eletrônica de publicações nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, utilizando-se os descritores: esgotamento profissional, enfermagem, infecções por HIV em português e/ou em suas variações na língua inglesa. Resultados: Somente 9 artigos foram incluídos na seleção por se enquadrarem nos critérios de inclusão e atender a questão norteadora. Ressalta-se que 100% destes artigos são originários de periódicos internacionais, assim como desenvolvidos no continente africano. Conclusão: Estressores como falta de recursos, dificuldades para atender às expectativas da clientela, sobrecarga de trabalho, necessidade de lidar com a morte dos clientes e medo de contaminação estão presentes no cotidiano desses profissionais, podendo culminar na ocorrência de estresse e burnout, e comprometer a assistência prestada.

Objetivo analisar evidências científicas que abordem fatores associados a um impacto na qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à revascularização miocárdica.Métodos revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Scientific Electronic Library Online.Resultados selecionados oito estudos, predominando os coorte prospectivos, publicados nos anos de 2003 a 2013. A piora na qualidade de vida foi determinada pelos instrumentos Medical Outcomes Short-Form-36 Health Survey - SF-36 e Item Health Survey - RAND-36, e os fatores de impacto foram: idade >75 anos, sexo feminino, história prévia de infarto do miocárdio ou angina de peito e associação de comorbidades como diabetes mellitus e depressão.Conclusão fatores como extremo de idade e sexo feminino se destacaram na piora da qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio.

Chronic kidney disease is a common disease in dogs, and factors such as serum concentrations of creatinine, albumin, and phosphorus at the moment of diagnosis may influence the survival of these patients. The present retrospective study aimed to evaluate the relationship between survival in dogs with chronic kidney disease and laboratory parameters (creatinine, phosphorus, albumin, and hematocrit) and nutritional parameters (body condition score, muscle mass score, type of food, appetite and feeding method). A total of 116 dogs with chronic kidney disease stages 2 to 4 were included, and survival was calculated considering the time between diagnosis and death. Survival curves were configurated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and a comparison between survival curves was performed by the log-rank test. Factors related to survival were disease stage (p

Obesity is characterized by a low degree of chronic inflammation state that, along with metabolic modifications, promotes important changes in the animal's organism. Adipose tissue actively participates in inflammation and immunity, and several defense cells of the organism may, therefore, be involved in the diversity found between obese and ideal weight individuals. Studies regarding this subject have shown immune cell changes in humans and rats, however, the literature is scarce in relation to dogs. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the gene expression profile of immunoinflammatory response and the lymphoproliferation of obese dogs before and after weight loss. Eight female dogs, neutered, of different breeds, aged between 1 and 8 years (4.74±3.19), obese, with body condition score (BCS) of 9 out of a 9-point scale and body composition determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method were included. The obese dogs were enrolled in a weight loss program and after losing 20% of their initial weight became a second experimental group. A third experimental group consisted of eight female dogs, neutered, aged between 1 and 8 years (3.11±0.78) and with ideal BCS (5 out of a 9-point scale). Gene expression of immunoinflammatory cytokines (resistin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) was assessed by qRT-PCR and immunity was assessed by lymphoproliferative response using the flow cytometry technique. The data that presented normal distribution was evaluated by analysis of variance by the PROC MIXED of the SAS and when differences were detected, these were compared by the Tukey test. Regarding the gene expression data, the procedure PROC GLIMMIX was adopted and the methodology of generalized linear model was used, in which the Gama distribution proved to be adequate. Values of p

Esse artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação que teve como objetivo principal identificar como as pesquisas realizadas na condi- ção de trabalho de conclusão do curso de Pedagogia discutiam as temáticas sexualidade e afetividade infantis. Considerando que as questões relativas à afetividade e sexualidade infantis estão presentes no trabalho do professor tínhamos como pressuposto que nos arquivos dos referidos trabalhos haveria número significativo de pesquisas envolvendo as temáticas. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento inspirado na pesquisa do tipo estado da arte e verificou-se que, dentre os trezentos e vinte trabalhos arquivados e disponí- veis para consulta, havia apenas quinze que se referiam às temáticas. Após o levantamento, foi realizado um estudo dos trabalhos e a pesquisa sugere a ampliação no número de estudos sobre essas temáticas bem como a diversi- ficação de orientações teóricas e linhas de pesquisa a fim de contribuírem, de forma mais significativa, para a formação do professor.

Background and Objectives: The elderly represent the portion of the population that uses the most drugs, so it is common to find medication errors among these patients. Hypertension and diabetes are the most common chronic diseases in the elderly, so antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs deserve attention and care in administration and dispensation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacotherapy prescribed to elderly patients with systemic arterial hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus who were treated at the Hélio Ortiz health unit in the city of Xanxerê-SC. Methods: The research was based on the analysis of pharmacotherapy, associated pathologies and socioeconomic data of patients with systemic arterial hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus. Results: The 20 elderly subjects included in the study had a mean age of 70,7 years, (DP = 6,1), with a minimum age of 60 years and a maximum of 84 years, 70% of the female gender and 30% of the male. The number of drugs used ranged from 2 to 10, out of a total of 116 drugs in use. The mean per person was 5.8 medications (DP=2,1). We identified 56 drug interactions. Conclusion: The data analyzed in this study demonstrate the existence of risks related to medication in patients with systemic arterial hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus. These results stimulate the development of process evaluation mechanisms aimed at reducing these risks, increasing the chance of positive therapeutic results and benefits for the patients. Keywords: Hypertension. Diabetes Mellitus. Aged. Drug Interactions.

Dogs and cats have differences in vitamin D metabolism compared to other mammalian species, as they are unable to perform vitamin D cutaneous synthesis through sun exposure. Therefore, they are dependent on the dietary intake of this nutrient. The classic functions of vitamin D are to stimulate intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, renal calcium and phosphate reabsorption and regulate bone mineral metabolism. Thus, it is an important nutrient for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. This review highlights the evidence of the direct and indirect actions of vitamin D on bone mineral metabolism, the consequences of nutritional imbalances of this nutrient in small animals, as well as differences in vitamin D metabolism between different size dogs.

Objective: To evaluate an in loco theoretical and practical training program for nursing technicians and auxiliaries regarding the basic maneuvers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods: It’s a quasi-experimental study that developed from August to October 2015. The participants were 96 nursing technicians and auxiliaries from a public hospital in the metropolitan region of São Paulo State. An instrument with twenty closed questions was applied before and immediately after the training. The results were analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The nursing technicians and auxiliaries showed better performance in the post-test, respectively, 161% and 180%. The greatest performance was in the recognition of cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA), 83.3% for auxiliaries and 83.6% for technicians. One limitation of the study is that there has been no data regarding the professional practice before and after the training. Conclusion: The training proved to be effective since there was a significant increase in the correct post-test.

Este trabalho analisa os impactos econômicos da adoção do milho Bt11 no Brasil, bem como as consequências da proibição deste cultivo apenas no Paraná, caso a lei estadual nº 14.162/03 entrasse em vigor. Para tal, utiliza-se um modelo computável de equilíbrio geral inter-regional, calibrado para 2001, simulando a redução de inseticida, mão de obra, combustível e lubrificantes, bem como o aumento de produtividade observado em lavouras de milho Bt11. Ao analisar a adoção nas regiões brasileiras "tecnificadas", observa-se o deslocamento de estoque de capital e mão de obra de todas as regiões para o Sul do País. Considerando-se que apenas o Paraná não adota milho Bt11, observa-se que tanto a mão de obra quanto o estoque de capital se deslocam do Sul e Sudeste para o Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os resultados mais expressivos ocorrem no próprio estado do Paraná, onde não apenas o setor de milho, como também os setores a jusante perdem competitividade, reduzindo o nível de atividade, emprego e consumo das famílias. De forma geral, os efeitos da adoção do milho Bt11 são transmitidos ao longo da sua cadeia produtiva, gerando aumento do PIB, das exportações e do consumo das famílias, sendo mais expressivos nos setores e regiões diretamente relacionados com a cadeia de comercialização do milho, tais como os de criação animal e carnes, localizados, em sua maioria, no Sul do País.This study aims to analyze the economic impacts of the adoption of Bt11 corn in Brazil, as well as the consequences of the prohibition of the cultivation only in the Paraná state, if the state law number 14.162/03 would start to be active. For this purpose, an inter-regional general equilibrium computable model is used, gauged for 2001, simulating the reduction of insecticide, labor force, fuel and lubricants, as well as the increase in the yield observed in crops which use Bt11 corn. When the adoption of Bt11 corn in "technified" Brazilian regions is analyzed, the stock of capital and labor force moves from all regions to the South of the country. Taking into account that only Paraná state does not adopt the Bt11 corn, it is observed that both the labor force and the stock of capital move from the South and the Southeast to the Central-Western region of Brazil. The most expressive result takes place in the Paraná State, where not only the corn sector, but also downstream sectors lose competitiveness, reducing the level of activity, employment and household consumption. In general terms, the effects of the adoption of the Bt11 corn are transferred along its supply chain, increasing GDP, exports and household consumption. Results are more expressive in sectors and regions directly related to the corn supply chain, such as animal raising and meat, mostly located in the South of the country.